1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
13 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-02 23:41+0300\n"
14 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
15 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
16 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
19 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
20 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
48 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
71 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
72 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
73 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
74 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
86 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
87 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
98 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
109 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
116 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
117 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
118 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
121 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
123 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
125 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
126 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
139 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
142 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
144 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
151 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
153 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
154 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
163 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
165 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
174 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
175 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
176 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
177 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
178 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
179 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
180 " &reportbug; command.\n"
186 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
188 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
189 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
190 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
197 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
198 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
199 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
200 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
206 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
208 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
215 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
216 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
217 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
218 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
219 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
220 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
231 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
232 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
233 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
244 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
245 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
246 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
247 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
248 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
249 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
250 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
261 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
262 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
263 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
264 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
265 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
266 " times to set different options.\n"
277 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
278 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
279 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
280 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
281 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
282 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
283 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
284 " or several other variations.\n"
290 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
291 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
292 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
293 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
294 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
301 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
302 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
303 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
304 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
312 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
313 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
314 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
323 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
324 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
325 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
326 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
334 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
335 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
336 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
345 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
346 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
347 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
348 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
349 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
350 " from a separate source\n"
351 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
352 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
360 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
361 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
362 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
371 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
372 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
373 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
374 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
382 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
383 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
384 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
393 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
394 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
395 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
397 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
405 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
406 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
407 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
416 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
417 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
418 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
419 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
427 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
428 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
429 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
430 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
439 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
440 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
441 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
442 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
443 " </para></listitem>\n"
452 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
453 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
454 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
455 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
461 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
462 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
463 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
464 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
465 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
466 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
467 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
470 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
471 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
472 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
479 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
480 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
481 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
482 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
483 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
484 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
485 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
486 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
487 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
494 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
495 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
501 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
502 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
508 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
509 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
510 "\"target_release\">"
516 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
517 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
523 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
524 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
530 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
531 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
537 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
538 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
544 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
545 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
551 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
552 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
558 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
559 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
560 "\"temporary_directory\">"
566 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
567 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
573 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
574 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
580 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
581 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
588 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
589 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
596 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
597 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
603 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
604 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
608 #: apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26 apt-get.8.xml:26
609 #: apt-key.8.xml:25 apt-mark.8.xml:26 apt-secure.8.xml:25
613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
614 #: apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
615 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27 apt-get.8.xml:27
616 #: apt-key.8.xml:26 apt-mark.8.xml:27 apt-secure.8.xml:26
617 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt.conf.5.xml:32 apt_preferences.5.xml:26
618 #: sources.list.5.xml:27
622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
623 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
624 msgid "query the APT cache"
627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
628 #: apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
629 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38 apt-get.8.xml:38
630 #: apt-key.8.xml:37 apt-mark.8.xml:38 apt-secure.8.xml:50
631 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt.conf.5.xml:41 apt_preferences.5.xml:36
632 #: sources.list.5.xml:36
637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
638 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
640 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
641 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
642 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
643 "output from the package metadata."
646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
647 #: apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-cdrom.8.xml:51 apt-config.8.xml:44
648 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54 apt-get.8.xml:44
650 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
651 "one of the commands below must be present."
654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
655 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
657 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
658 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
662 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
663 #: apt-cache.8.xml:185 apt-cache.8.xml:190 apt-cache.8.xml:206
664 #: apt-cache.8.xml:224 apt-cache.8.xml:236
665 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
669 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
671 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
672 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
673 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
674 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
675 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
676 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
677 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
678 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
679 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
683 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
686 "Package: libreadline2\n"
687 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
688 "Reverse Depends: \n"
689 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
690 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
692 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
695 "Reverse Provides: \n"
698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
699 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
701 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
702 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
703 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
704 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
705 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
706 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
707 "best to consult the apt source code."
710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
711 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
713 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
714 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
718 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
720 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
725 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
727 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
728 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
729 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
730 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
734 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
736 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
737 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
738 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
739 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
740 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
741 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
745 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
747 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
748 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
749 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
750 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
754 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
756 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
757 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
758 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
759 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
763 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
765 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
766 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
767 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
768 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
769 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
773 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
775 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
776 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
777 "total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
778 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
779 "larger than the number of total package names."
782 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
783 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
785 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
786 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
790 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
792 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
793 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
794 "records that declare the name to be a binary package."
797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
798 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
800 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
801 "It is primarily for debugging."
804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
805 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
807 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
808 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
812 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
814 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
819 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
821 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
822 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
826 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
827 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
831 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
833 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
834 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
835 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
836 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
837 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
838 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
839 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
840 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
844 #: apt-cache.8.xml:181
846 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
851 #: apt-cache.8.xml:186
853 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
854 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
858 #: apt-cache.8.xml:191
860 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
865 #: apt-cache.8.xml:195
867 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
870 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
873 #: apt-cache.8.xml:196
875 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
876 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
877 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
878 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
883 #: apt-cache.8.xml:201
885 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
886 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
887 "the generated list."
890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
891 #: apt-cache.8.xml:207
893 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
894 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
895 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
896 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
897 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
898 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
899 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
900 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
904 #: apt-cache.8.xml:216
906 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
907 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
908 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
909 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
913 #: apt-cache.8.xml:221
914 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
918 #: apt-cache.8.xml:225
920 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
921 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
925 #: apt-cache.8.xml:229
927 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
930 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
933 #: apt-cache.8.xml:230
935 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
936 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
937 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
938 "selection of the named package."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
942 #: apt-cache.8.xml:237
944 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
945 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
946 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
947 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
948 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
949 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
950 "Architecture</literal>)."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
954 #: apt-cache.8.xml:248 apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52
955 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504 apt-get.8.xml:258 apt-mark.8.xml:108
956 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
961 #: apt-cache.8.xml:253
963 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
964 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
965 "pkgcache</literal>."
968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
969 #: apt-cache.8.xml:259
971 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
972 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
973 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
974 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
975 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
979 #: apt-cache.8.xml:267
981 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
982 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
983 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
984 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
988 #: apt-cache.8.xml:274
990 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
991 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
992 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
996 #: apt-cache.8.xml:288
998 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
999 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1000 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1001 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1002 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1006 #: apt-cache.8.xml:295
1008 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1009 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1013 #: apt-cache.8.xml:300
1015 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1016 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1017 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1018 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1019 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1020 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1024 #: apt-cache.8.xml:309
1026 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1027 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1028 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1032 #: apt-cache.8.xml:315
1034 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1035 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1039 #: apt-cache.8.xml:320
1041 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1042 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1043 "AllNames</literal>."
1046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1047 #: apt-cache.8.xml:326
1049 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1050 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1051 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1055 #: apt-cache.8.xml:333
1057 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1058 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1059 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1063 #: apt-cache.8.xml:343 apt-get.8.xml:518 apt-key.8.xml:174 apt-mark.8.xml:125
1064 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1118 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1069 #: apt-cache.8.xml:350 apt-cdrom.8.xml:144 apt-config.8.xml:109
1070 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607 apt-get.8.xml:528
1071 #: apt-key.8.xml:195 apt-mark.8.xml:131 apt-secure.8.xml:192
1072 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt.conf.5.xml:1124 apt_preferences.5.xml:705
1073 #: sources.list.5.xml:252
1076 msgstr "Consulte também"
1078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1079 #: apt-cache.8.xml:351
1080 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1084 #: apt-cache.8.xml:355 apt-cdrom.8.xml:149 apt-config.8.xml:114
1085 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611 apt-get.8.xml:534
1086 #: apt-mark.8.xml:135 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67
1090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1091 #: apt-cache.8.xml:356
1093 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1098 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
1099 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
1102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1103 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
1105 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
1106 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
1107 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
1108 "burns and verifying the index files."
1111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1112 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
1114 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
1115 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
1116 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
1119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1120 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
1122 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
1123 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
1124 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
1125 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
1129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1130 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
1132 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
1133 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
1137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1138 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
1140 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
1144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1145 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:80 apt-key.8.xml:160
1149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1150 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:85
1152 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
1153 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
1154 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
1157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1158 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:94
1160 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
1161 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
1162 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
1165 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1166 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:103
1168 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
1169 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
1170 "NoMount</literal>."
1173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1174 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:111
1176 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
1177 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
1178 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
1179 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
1182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1183 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:121
1185 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
1186 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
1187 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
1190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1191 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:132
1193 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
1194 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
1195 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
1198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1199 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:145
1201 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
1202 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1205 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:150
1207 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1212 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
1213 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
1216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1217 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
1219 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
1220 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
1221 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
1222 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
1225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1226 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
1228 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
1229 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
1230 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
1231 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
1235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1236 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
1240 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
1244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1245 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
1247 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
1248 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
1251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1252 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
1254 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
1255 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
1256 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
1259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1260 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
1261 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
1264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1265 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
1267 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
1268 "empty to remove them from the output."
1271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1272 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
1273 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
1276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1277 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
1279 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
1280 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
1281 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
1282 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
1283 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
1284 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
1287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1288 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
1289 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
1297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1298 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
1300 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
1305 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26
1309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1310 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
1312 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
1316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1317 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
1319 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
1320 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
1321 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
1322 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
1326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1327 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
1328 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
1331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1332 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
1334 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
1335 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
1336 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
1337 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
1338 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
1341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1342 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
1344 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
1345 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
1346 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
1349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1350 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
1352 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
1353 "decimal 100 on error."
1356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1357 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
1358 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
1361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1362 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
1364 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
1365 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
1366 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
1370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1371 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
1373 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
1374 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
1375 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
1376 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
1377 "generation process for a complete archive."
1380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1381 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
1383 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
1384 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
1385 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
1386 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
1390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1391 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
1393 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
1394 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
1395 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
1396 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
1399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1400 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
1402 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
1405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1406 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
1408 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
1409 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1410 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
1411 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
1414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1415 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
1417 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
1418 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
1419 "change the source override file that will be used."
1422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1423 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
1425 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
1426 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1427 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
1428 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
1429 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
1430 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
1433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1434 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
1436 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
1437 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
1438 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
1439 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
1440 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
1441 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
1442 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
1443 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
1444 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
1445 "containing an MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 digest for each file."
1448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1449 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
1451 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
1452 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
1453 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
1454 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
1455 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
1456 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
1457 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
1458 "<literal>Description</literal>."
1461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1462 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
1464 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
1465 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
1466 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
1467 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
1468 "maintaining the required settings."
1471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1472 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
1474 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
1475 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
1478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1479 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
1480 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
1483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1484 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
1486 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
1487 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
1488 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
1489 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
1490 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
1491 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
1494 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1495 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
1497 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
1500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1501 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
1503 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
1504 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
1506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1507 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
1509 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
1510 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
1511 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
1512 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
1515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1516 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
1518 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
1519 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
1523 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1524 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
1525 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
1528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1529 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
1530 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
1533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1534 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
1536 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
1537 "literal> setting is used below."
1540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1541 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
1543 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
1544 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1547 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
1549 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
1550 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
1551 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
1554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1555 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
1557 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the Package index files. It "
1558 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
1559 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
1563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1564 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
1566 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
1567 "defaults to '.deb'."
1570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1571 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
1573 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1574 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
1577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1578 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
1580 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
1581 "defaults to '.dsc'."
1584 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1585 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
1587 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1588 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
1591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1592 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
1594 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1595 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
1598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1599 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
1601 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
1602 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
1603 "Links</literal> setting."
1606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1607 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
1609 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
1610 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
1613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1614 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
1616 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
1617 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
1618 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
1621 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1622 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
1624 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
1625 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1628 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
1630 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
1631 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
1632 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
1635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1636 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
1638 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
1639 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
1643 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1644 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
1646 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
1647 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
1648 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
1649 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
1650 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
1651 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
1654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1655 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
1657 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1658 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
1661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1662 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
1664 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
1665 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
1668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1669 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
1671 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1672 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
1675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1676 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
1678 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1679 "source/Sources</filename>"
1682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1683 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
1685 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
1686 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
1687 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
1690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1691 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
1693 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
1694 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
1698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1699 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
1701 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)"
1702 "</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files to map onto a "
1703 "single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1704 "command> will integrate those package files together automatically."
1707 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1708 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
1709 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
1712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1713 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
1715 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
1716 "can share the same database."
1719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1720 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
1722 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1723 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1724 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
1727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1728 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
1730 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1731 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1732 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
1733 "when processing source indexes."
1736 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1737 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
1739 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
1740 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1743 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
1745 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
1746 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
1747 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
1748 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
1752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1753 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
1755 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
1756 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
1757 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
1758 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
1761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1762 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
1764 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
1765 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
1769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
1770 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
1773 "for i in Sections do \n"
1774 " for j in Architectures do\n"
1775 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
1779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1780 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
1782 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1783 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
1787 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1788 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
1790 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
1791 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
1795 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1796 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
1798 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
1799 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
1800 "this tree has a source archive."
1803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1804 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
1806 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
1807 "and maintainer address information."
1810 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1811 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
1813 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
1817 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1818 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
1819 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
1822 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1823 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
1824 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
1827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1828 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
1830 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
1831 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
1833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1834 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
1836 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
1837 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
1838 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
1839 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
1840 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
1843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1844 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
1845 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
1848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1849 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
1851 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
1852 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
1855 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1856 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
1857 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
1860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1861 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
1862 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
1865 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1866 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
1867 msgid "Sets the source override file."
1870 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1871 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
1872 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
1875 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1876 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
1877 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
1880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1881 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
1882 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
1885 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1886 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
1887 msgid "The Binary Override File"
1890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1891 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
1893 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
1894 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
1895 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
1896 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
1897 "permutation field."
1900 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1901 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
1903 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
1906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1907 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
1912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1913 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
1915 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
1916 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
1917 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
1918 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
1919 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
1923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1924 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
1925 msgid "The Source Override File"
1928 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1929 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
1931 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
1932 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
1933 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
1936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1937 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
1938 msgid "The Extra Override File"
1941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1942 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
1944 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
1945 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
1946 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
1949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1950 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
1952 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
1953 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
1954 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
1955 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
1956 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
1957 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
1958 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
1959 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
1960 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
1963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1964 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
1966 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
1967 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
1970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1971 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
1973 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1974 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1975 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1976 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1980 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
1982 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
1983 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
1984 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
1985 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
1988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1989 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
1991 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
1992 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
1993 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
1994 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
1995 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
1998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1999 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
2001 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
2002 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
2006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2007 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
2009 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
2010 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
2013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2014 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
2016 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
2017 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
2018 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
2019 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
2022 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2023 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
2025 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
2026 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
2027 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
2028 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
2029 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
2030 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
2031 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
2032 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
2036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2037 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
2039 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
2040 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
2041 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
2042 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
2043 "in the generate command."
2046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2047 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596 apt.conf.5.xml:1112 apt_preferences.5.xml:545
2048 #: sources.list.5.xml:211
2053 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
2054 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
2056 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
2059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2060 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
2062 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
2063 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
2066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2067 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
2069 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
2073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2075 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
2078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2081 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
2082 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
2083 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
2084 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
2087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2090 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
2091 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
2092 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
2093 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
2094 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
2095 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
2096 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
2097 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
2098 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
2101 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2104 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
2105 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
2106 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
2107 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
2108 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
2109 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
2110 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
2111 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
2112 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
2113 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
2116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2119 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
2120 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
2121 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
2122 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
2123 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
2124 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
2125 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
2126 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
2127 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
2128 "individual packages."
2131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2134 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
2135 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
2136 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
2137 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
2138 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
2142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2145 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
2146 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
2147 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
2148 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
2149 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the package"
2150 "(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. The "
2151 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
2152 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
2153 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
2154 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
2155 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
2156 "get's conflict resolution system."
2159 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2160 #: apt-get.8.xml:116
2162 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
2163 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
2164 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
2165 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
2166 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
2167 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
2170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2171 #: apt-get.8.xml:123
2173 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
2177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2178 #: apt-get.8.xml:126
2180 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
2181 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
2182 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
2183 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
2184 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
2185 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
2186 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
2189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2190 #: apt-get.8.xml:137
2192 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
2193 "installation policy for individual packages."
2196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2197 #: apt-get.8.xml:141
2199 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
2200 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
2201 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
2202 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
2203 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
2204 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
2208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2209 #: apt-get.8.xml:151
2211 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
2212 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
2213 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
2214 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2215 "installed instead of removed."
2218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2219 #: apt-get.8.xml:159
2221 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
2222 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
2226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2227 #: apt-get.8.xml:164
2229 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
2230 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
2231 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
2232 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
2233 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
2234 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
2235 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
2238 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2239 #: apt-get.8.xml:172
2241 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
2242 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
2243 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
2244 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
2245 "versions or none at all."
2248 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2249 #: apt-get.8.xml:178
2251 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
2252 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
2253 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
2254 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
2255 "package will not be unpacked."
2258 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2259 #: apt-get.8.xml:185
2261 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
2262 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
2263 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
2264 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
2268 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2269 #: apt-get.8.xml:191
2271 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
2272 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
2273 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
2276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2277 #: apt-get.8.xml:197
2279 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
2280 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
2281 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
2282 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
2283 "option> option instead."
2286 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2287 #: apt-get.8.xml:204
2289 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
2290 "and checks for broken dependencies."
2293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2294 #: apt-get.8.xml:209
2296 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
2297 "current directory."
2300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2301 #: apt-get.8.xml:215
2303 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
2304 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
2305 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
2306 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
2307 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
2308 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
2312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2313 #: apt-get.8.xml:225
2315 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
2316 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
2317 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
2318 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
2319 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
2320 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
2324 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2325 #: apt-get.8.xml:235
2327 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
2328 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
2329 "now no longer needed."
2332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2333 #: apt-get.8.xml:240
2335 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
2336 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
2337 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
2338 "variable (e.g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs\">packages."
2339 "debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://changelogs."
2340 "ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> for "
2341 "Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
2342 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
2343 "<option>install</option> command."
2346 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2347 #: apt-get.8.xml:263
2349 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
2350 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
2353 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2354 #: apt-get.8.xml:268
2356 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
2357 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
2360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2361 #: apt-get.8.xml:273
2363 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
2364 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
2367 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2368 #: apt-get.8.xml:278
2370 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
2371 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
2372 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
2373 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
2374 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
2375 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
2376 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
2377 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
2378 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
2379 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
2380 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
2383 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2384 #: apt-get.8.xml:293
2386 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
2387 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
2388 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
2389 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
2390 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
2391 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
2392 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
2395 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2396 #: apt-get.8.xml:304
2398 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
2399 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
2400 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
2403 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2404 #: apt-get.8.xml:311
2406 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
2407 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
2408 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
2409 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
2410 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
2411 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
2412 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
2415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2416 #: apt-get.8.xml:326
2418 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
2419 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2420 "Simulate</literal>."
2423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2424 #: apt-get.8.xml:330
2426 "Simulated runs performed as a user will automatically deactivate locking "
2427 "(<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>), and if the option <literal>APT::Get::"
2428 "Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (as it is by default) a notice "
2429 "will also be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation. Runs "
2430 "performed as root do not trigger either NoLocking or the notice - superusers "
2431 "should know what they are doing without further warnings from <literal>apt-"
2435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2436 #: apt-get.8.xml:338
2438 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
2439 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
2440 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
2441 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
2442 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
2445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2446 #: apt-get.8.xml:346
2448 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
2449 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
2450 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
2451 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
2452 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
2455 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2456 #: apt-get.8.xml:354
2458 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2459 "Assume-No</literal>."
2462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2463 #: apt-get.8.xml:359
2465 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
2466 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
2469 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2470 #: apt-get.8.xml:365
2472 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
2473 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
2476 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2477 #: apt-get.8.xml:371
2479 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
2480 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
2481 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
2482 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
2483 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
2484 "Architecture</literal>"
2487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2488 #: apt-get.8.xml:381
2490 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
2491 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
2494 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2495 #: apt-get.8.xml:386
2497 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
2498 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
2499 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
2500 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
2503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2504 #: apt-get.8.xml:393
2506 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2507 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
2508 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
2509 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
2512 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2513 #: apt-get.8.xml:400
2515 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2516 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
2517 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
2518 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
2521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2522 #: apt-get.8.xml:408
2524 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
2525 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
2526 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
2527 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
2528 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
2531 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2532 #: apt-get.8.xml:416
2534 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
2535 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
2536 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
2537 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
2538 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
2539 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
2540 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2541 "Print-URIs</literal>."
2544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2545 #: apt-get.8.xml:427
2547 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
2548 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
2549 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
2550 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
2553 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2554 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
2556 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
2557 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
2560 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2561 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
2563 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
2564 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
2565 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
2566 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
2567 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2568 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
2571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2572 #: apt-get.8.xml:450
2574 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
2575 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
2576 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
2577 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
2578 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
2579 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
2580 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
2581 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
2582 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
2585 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2586 #: apt-get.8.xml:465
2588 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
2589 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
2590 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
2591 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
2594 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2595 #: apt-get.8.xml:472
2597 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
2598 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
2601 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2602 #: apt-get.8.xml:478
2604 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
2605 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
2606 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
2607 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
2610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2611 #: apt-get.8.xml:485
2613 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
2614 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
2615 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
2616 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
2617 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
2618 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
2622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2623 #: apt-get.8.xml:496
2625 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
2626 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
2627 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
2630 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2631 #: apt-get.8.xml:502
2633 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
2634 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
2637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2638 #: apt-get.8.xml:507
2640 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
2641 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2642 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
2645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2646 #: apt-get.8.xml:529
2648 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
2649 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
2650 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
2653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2654 #: apt-get.8.xml:535
2656 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
2660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2662 msgid "APT key management utility"
2665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2668 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
2669 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
2670 "keys will be considered trusted."
2673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2681 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
2682 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
2683 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
2686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2688 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
2691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2693 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
2696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2698 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
2701 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2703 msgid "List trusted keys."
2706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2707 #: apt-key.8.xml:107
2708 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
2711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2712 #: apt-key.8.xml:118
2714 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
2718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2719 #: apt-key.8.xml:130
2721 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
2722 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
2723 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
2724 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
2728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2729 #: apt-key.8.xml:144
2731 "Work similar to the <command>update</command> command above, but get the "
2732 "archive keyring from an URI instead and validate it against a master key. "
2733 "This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have a "
2734 "server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. APT in Debian does "
2735 "not support this command and relies on <command>update</command> instead, "
2736 "but Ubuntu's APT does."
2739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2740 #: apt-key.8.xml:161
2742 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
2746 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2747 #: apt-key.8.xml:164
2749 "With this option it is possible to specify a specific keyring file the "
2750 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
2751 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
2752 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
2753 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
2757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2758 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
2760 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
2761 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
2763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2764 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
2765 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
2768 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2769 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
2770 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
2773 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2774 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
2775 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
2778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2779 #: apt-key.8.xml:187
2781 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
2784 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2785 #: apt-key.8.xml:188
2786 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
2789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2790 #: apt-key.8.xml:197
2792 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
2793 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2795 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2796 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
2797 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
2800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2801 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
2803 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
2804 "being automatically installed."
2807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2808 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
2810 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
2811 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
2812 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
2813 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
2814 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
2817 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2818 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
2820 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
2821 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
2822 "installed packages depend on this package."
2825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2826 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
2828 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
2829 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
2830 "if no other packages depend on it."
2833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2834 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
2836 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as hold back, which will "
2837 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
2838 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
2839 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
2840 "effected by the <option>--file</option> option."
2843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2844 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
2846 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
2847 "package to allow all actions again."
2850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2851 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
2853 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
2854 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
2855 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
2856 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
2859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2860 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
2862 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2863 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2864 "installed packages instead."
2867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2868 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
2870 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2871 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2875 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
2877 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2878 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
2879 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
2880 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
2883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2884 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136
2886 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2891 #: apt-secure.8.xml:47
2892 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2896 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52
2898 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2899 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2900 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2901 "the Release file signing key."
2904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2905 #: apt-secure.8.xml:60
2907 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature or with a signature "
2908 "that apt does not have a key for that package is considered untrusted and "
2909 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2910 "currently only warn for unsigned archives, future releases might force all "
2911 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2915 #: apt-secure.8.xml:69
2917 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2918 "authentication feature."
2921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2922 #: apt-secure.8.xml:74
2923 msgid "Trusted archives"
2926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2927 #: apt-secure.8.xml:77
2929 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of "
2930 "different steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this "
2931 "chain, trusting an archive does not mean that the packages that you trust it "
2932 "do not contain malicious code but means that you trust the archive "
2933 "maintainer. It's the archive maintainer responsibility to ensure that the "
2934 "archive integrity is correct."
2937 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2938 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
2940 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2941 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2942 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2943 "packages respectively)."
2946 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2947 #: apt-secure.8.xml:92
2949 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2950 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. This upload in order to "
2951 "become effective needs to be signed by a key of a maintainer within the "
2952 "Debian maintainer's keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). "
2953 "Maintainer's keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established "
2954 "procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder."
2957 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2958 #: apt-secure.8.xml:102
2960 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2961 "maintainer signature is stripped off, an MD5 sum of the package is computed "
2962 "and put in the Packages file. The MD5 sum of all of the packages files are "
2963 "then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is then signed "
2964 "by the archive key (which is created once a year) and distributed through "
2965 "the FTP server. This key is also on the Debian keyring."
2968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2969 #: apt-secure.8.xml:112
2971 "Any end user can check the signature of the Release file, extract the MD5 "
2972 "sum of a package from it and compare it with the MD5 sum of the package he "
2973 "downloaded. Prior to version 0.6 only the MD5 sum of the downloaded Debian "
2974 "package was checked. Now both the MD5 sum and the signature of the Release "
2978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2979 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
2981 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2982 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2985 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2986 #: apt-secure.8.xml:124
2988 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2989 "checking, a malicious agent can introduce himself in the package download "
2990 "process and provide malicious software either by controlling a network "
2991 "element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue server "
2992 "(through arp or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2996 #: apt-secure.8.xml:132
2998 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2999 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
3000 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
3004 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3005 #: apt-secure.8.xml:139
3007 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
3008 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
3009 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
3010 "package signature."
3013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3014 #: apt-secure.8.xml:145
3015 msgid "User configuration"
3018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3019 #: apt-secure.8.xml:147
3021 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
3022 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys although an installation of "
3023 "this release will automatically provide the default Debian archive signing "
3024 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
3027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3028 #: apt-secure.8.xml:154
3030 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
3031 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
3032 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
3033 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
3034 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
3038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3039 #: apt-secure.8.xml:163
3040 msgid "Archive configuration"
3043 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3044 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
3046 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
3047 "maintenance you have to:"
3050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3051 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
3053 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
3054 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
3055 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
3058 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3059 #: apt-secure.8.xml:175
3061 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
3062 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
3063 "gpg Release</command>."
3066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3067 #: apt-secure.8.xml:179
3069 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
3070 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
3074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3075 #: apt-secure.8.xml:186
3077 "Whenever the contents of the archive changes (new packages are added or "
3078 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps previously "
3082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3083 #: apt-secure.8.xml:194
3085 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
3086 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
3089 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3090 #: apt-secure.8.xml:198
3092 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
3093 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
3094 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
3095 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
3096 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
3097 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
3100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3101 #: apt-secure.8.xml:211
3102 msgid "Manpage Authors"
3105 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3106 #: apt-secure.8.xml:213
3108 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
3109 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
3112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3113 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
3114 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
3117 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3118 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
3120 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (Source index or "
3121 "Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
3122 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
3123 "internal sorting rules."
3126 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3127 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
3128 msgid "All output is sent to stdout, the input must be a seekable file."
3131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3132 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
3134 "Use Source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
3135 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
3138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3139 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
3141 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
3145 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
3146 #: apt.conf.5.xml:20
3147 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
3150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
3151 #: apt.conf.5.xml:21
3152 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
3155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
3156 #: apt.conf.5.xml:31 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
3160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3161 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
3162 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
3165 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3166 #: apt.conf.5.xml:42
3168 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file for the APT "
3169 "suite of tools, but by far not the only place changes to options can be "
3170 "made. All tools therefore share the configuration files and also use a "
3171 "common command line parser to provide a uniform environment."
3174 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
3175 #: apt.conf.5.xml:47
3177 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
3181 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3182 #: apt.conf.5.xml:49
3184 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
3188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3189 #: apt.conf.5.xml:51
3191 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
3192 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
3193 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
3194 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
3195 "ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
3196 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this case it will be "
3200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3201 #: apt.conf.5.xml:58
3203 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
3206 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3207 #: apt.conf.5.xml:60
3209 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
3210 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
3213 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3214 #: apt.conf.5.xml:64
3218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3219 #: apt.conf.5.xml:65
3221 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
3222 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
3223 "notation, for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
3224 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
3225 "their parent groups."
3228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3229 #: apt.conf.5.xml:71
3231 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
3232 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
3233 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
3234 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
3235 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The trailing "
3236 "semicolon and the quotes are required. The value must be on one line, and "
3237 "there is no kind of string concatenation. It must not include inside "
3238 "quotes. The behavior of the backslash \"\\\" and escaped characters inside "
3239 "a value is undefined and it should not be used. An option name may include "
3240 "alphanumerical characters and the \"/-:._+\" characters. A new scope can be "
3241 "opened with curly braces, like:"
3244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3245 #: apt.conf.5.xml:85
3250 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
3251 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
3256 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3257 #: apt.conf.5.xml:93
3259 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
3260 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
3261 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, each separated by a semicolon."
3264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3265 #: apt.conf.5.xml:98
3267 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
3270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3271 #: apt.conf.5.xml:101
3273 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
3274 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
3277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3278 #: apt.conf.5.xml:105
3280 "The names of the configuration items are not case-sensitive. So in the "
3281 "previous example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
3284 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3285 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
3287 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as it "
3288 "can be see in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. "
3289 "If you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
3290 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option as every other "
3291 "option by reassigning a new value to the option."
3294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3295 #: apt.conf.5.xml:113
3297 "Two specials are allowed, <literal>#include</literal> (which is deprecated "
3298 "and not supported by alternative implementations) and <literal>#clear</"
3299 "literal>: <literal>#include</literal> will include the given file, unless "
3300 "the filename ends in a slash, then the whole directory is included. "
3301 "<literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of the configuration tree. "
3302 "The specified element and all its descendants are erased. (Note that these "
3303 "lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
3306 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3307 #: apt.conf.5.xml:121
3309 "The #clear command is the only way to delete a list or a complete scope. "
3310 "Reopening a scope or the ::-style described below will <emphasis>not</"
3311 "emphasis> override previously written entries. Only options can be "
3312 "overridden by addressing a new value to it - lists and scopes can't be "
3313 "overridden, only cleared."
3316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3317 #: apt.conf.5.xml:126
3319 "All of the APT tools take a -o option which allows an arbitrary "
3320 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
3321 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
3322 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
3323 "element to a list, add a trailing :: to the name of the list. (As you might "
3324 "suspect: The scope syntax can't be used on the command line.)"
3327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3328 #: apt.conf.5.xml:133
3330 "Note that you can use :: only for appending one item per line to a list and "
3331 "that you should not use it in combination with the scope syntax. (The scope "
3332 "syntax implicit insert ::) Using both syntaxes together will trigger a bug "
3333 "which some users unfortunately depend on: An option with the unusual name "
3334 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts like every other option with a name. "
3335 "These introduces many problems including that a user who writes multiple "
3336 "lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> syntax in the hope to append to a "
3337 "list will gain the opposite as only the last assignment for this option "
3338 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. Upcoming APT versions will raise "
3339 "errors and will stop working if they encounter this misuse, so please "
3340 "correct such statements now as long as APT doesn't complain explicit about "
3344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3345 #: apt.conf.5.xml:145
3346 msgid "The APT Group"
3349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3350 #: apt.conf.5.xml:146
3352 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
3353 "options for all of the tools."
3356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3357 #: apt.conf.5.xml:151
3359 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
3360 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
3364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3365 #: apt.conf.5.xml:157
3367 "All Architectures the system supports. Processors implementing the "
3368 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) instruction "
3369 "set are e.g. also able to execute binaries compiled for the <literal>i386</"
3370 "literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set; This list is use when "
3371 "fetching files and parsing package lists. The internal default is always the "
3372 "native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</literal>) and all foreign "
3373 "architectures it can retrieve by calling <command>dpkg --print-foreign-"
3374 "architectures</command>."
3377 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3378 #: apt.conf.5.xml:167
3380 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version available. "
3381 "Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: 'stable', "
3382 "'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', '4.0', "
3383 "'5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
3386 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3387 #: apt.conf.5.xml:173
3389 "Ignore Held packages; This global option causes the problem resolver to "
3390 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
3393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3394 #: apt.conf.5.xml:178
3396 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
3397 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
3398 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
3399 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
3402 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3403 #: apt.conf.5.xml:185
3405 "Defaults to on which will cause APT to install essential and important "
3406 "packages as fast as possible in the install/upgrade operation. This is done "
3407 "to limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call: If this option is disabled APT "
3408 "does treat an important package in the same way as an extra package: Between "
3409 "the unpacking of the important package A and his configuration can then be "
3410 "many other unpack or configuration calls, e.g. for package B which has no "
3411 "relation to A, but causes the dpkg call to fail (e.g. because maintainer "
3412 "script of package B generates an error) which results in a system state in "
3413 "which package A is unpacked but unconfigured - each package depending on A "
3414 "is now no longer guaranteed to work as their dependency on A is not longer "
3415 "satisfied. The immediate configuration marker is also applied to all "
3416 "dependencies which can generate a problem if the dependencies e.g. form a "
3417 "circle as a dependency with the immediate flag is comparable with a Pre-"
3418 "Dependency. So in theory it is possible that APT encounters a situation in "
3419 "which it is unable to perform immediate configuration, errors out and refers "
3420 "to this option so the user can deactivate the immediate configuration "
3421 "temporarily to be able to perform an install/upgrade again. Note the use of "
3422 "the word \"theory\" here as this problem was only encountered by now in real "
3423 "world a few times in non-stable distribution versions and was caused by "
3424 "wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an already "
3425 "broken state, so you should not blindly disable this option as the mentioned "
3426 "scenario above is not the only problem immediate configuration can help to "
3427 "prevent in the first place. Before a big operation like <literal>dist-"
3428 "upgrade</literal> is run with this option disabled it should be tried to "
3429 "explicitly <literal>install</literal> the package APT is unable to configure "
3430 "immediately, but please make sure to report your problem also to your "
3431 "distribution and to the APT team with the buglink below so they can work on "
3432 "improving or correcting the upgrade process."
3435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3436 #: apt.conf.5.xml:208
3438 "Never Enable this option unless you -really- know what you are doing. It "
3439 "permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to break a Conflicts/"
3440 "Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depend loop between two essential packages. SUCH "
3441 "A LOOP SHOULD NEVER EXIST AND IS A GRAVE BUG. This option will work if the "
3442 "essential packages are not tar, gzip, libc, dpkg, bash or anything that "
3443 "those packages depend on."
3446 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3447 #: apt.conf.5.xml:217
3449 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
3450 "the 'available' information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint "
3451 "to which size the Cache will grow and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
3452 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
3453 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT otherwise it will "
3454 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
3455 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
3456 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
3457 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the Cache size will be increased in the event "
3458 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. These "
3459 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
3460 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
3461 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
3462 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
3463 "automatic grow of the cache is disabled."
3466 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3467 #: apt.conf.5.xml:233
3468 msgid "Defines which package(s) are considered essential build dependencies."
3471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3472 #: apt.conf.5.xml:237
3474 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool, please see its documentation "
3475 "for more information about the options here."
3478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3479 #: apt.conf.5.xml:242
3481 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool, please see its "
3482 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3485 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3486 #: apt.conf.5.xml:247
3488 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool, please see its "
3489 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3492 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3493 #: apt.conf.5.xml:253
3494 msgid "The Acquire Group"
3497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3498 #: apt.conf.5.xml:254
3500 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
3501 "packages and the URI handlers."
3504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3505 #: apt.conf.5.xml:259
3507 "Security related option defaulting to true as an expiring validation for a "
3508 "Release file prevents longtime replay attacks and can e.g. also help users "
3509 "to identify no longer updated mirrors - but the feature depends on the "
3510 "correctness of the time on the user system. Archive maintainers are "
3511 "encouraged to create Release files with the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> "
3512 "header, but if they don't or a stricter value is volitional the following "
3513 "<literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option can be used."
3516 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3517 #: apt.conf.5.xml:270
3519 "Seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was created "
3520 "(indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). If the Release file "
3521 "itself includes a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of "
3522 "the two is used as the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</"
3523 "literal> which stands for \"for ever valid\". Archive specific settings can "
3524 "be made by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3528 #: apt.conf.5.xml:281
3530 "Minimum of seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was "
3531 "created (indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). Use this if you "
3532 "need to use a seldomly updated (local) mirror of a more regular updated "
3533 "archive with a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header instead of completely "
3534 "disabling the expiration date checking. Archive specific settings can and "
3535 "should be used by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3539 #: apt.conf.5.xml:292
3541 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for Packages or "
3542 "Sources files instead of downloading whole ones. True by default."
3545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3546 #: apt.conf.5.xml:295
3548 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: With "
3549 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be specified how many PDiff files are "
3550 "downloaded at most to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</literal> on the "
3551 "other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all patches compared to "
3552 "the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is exceeded the "
3553 "complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
3556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3557 #: apt.conf.5.xml:305
3559 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
3560 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
3561 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
3562 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
3563 "connection per URI type will be opened."
3566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3567 #: apt.conf.5.xml:313
3569 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
3570 "files the given number of times."
3573 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3574 #: apt.conf.5.xml:318
3576 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
3577 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
3580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3581 #: apt.conf.5.xml:323
3583 "HTTP URIs; http::Proxy is the default http proxy to use. It is in the "
3584 "standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per "
3585 "host proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>http::Proxy::"
3586 "<host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3587 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3588 "<envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used."
3591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3592 #: apt.conf.5.xml:331
3594 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
3595 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy to not use its cached "
3596 "response under any circumstances, <literal>Max-Age</literal> is sent only "
3597 "for index files and tells the cache to refresh its object if it is older "
3598 "than the given number of seconds. Debian updates its index files daily so "
3599 "the default is 1 day. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the cache "
3600 "should never store this request, it is only set for archive files. This may "
3601 "be useful to prevent polluting a proxy cache with very large .deb files. "
3602 "Note: Squid 2.0.2 does not support any of these options."
3605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3606 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341 apt.conf.5.xml:407
3608 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
3609 "method, this applies to all things including connection timeout and data "
3613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3614 #: apt.conf.5.xml:344
3616 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
3617 "enabled HTTP pipeling (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
3618 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are send in a "
3619 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
3620 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
3621 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
3622 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
3625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3626 #: apt.conf.5.xml:351
3628 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls if APT will follow "
3629 "redirects, which is enabled by default."
3632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3633 #: apt.conf.5.xml:354
3635 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
3636 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobyte. The default value is 0 "
3637 "which deactivates the limit and tries uses as much as possible of the "
3638 "bandwidth (Note that this option implicit deactivates the download from "
3639 "multiple servers at the same time.)"
3642 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3643 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
3645 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3646 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3647 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3651 #: apt.conf.5.xml:366
3653 "HTTPS URIs. Cache-control, Timeout, AllowRedirect, Dl-Limit and proxy "
3654 "options are the same as for <literal>http</literal> method and will also "
3655 "default to the options from the <literal>http</literal> method if they are "
3656 "not explicitly set for https. <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is "
3657 "not supported yet."
3660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3661 #: apt.conf.5.xml:372
3663 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3664 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is "
3665 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3666 "suboption determines whether verify server's host certificate against "
3667 "trusted certificates or not. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</literal> "
3668 "is corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</literal> boolean "
3669 "suboption determines whether verify server's hostname or not. <literal><"
3670 "host>::Verify-Host</literal> is corresponding per-host option. "
3671 "<literal>SslCert</literal> determines what certificate to use for client "
3672 "authentication. <literal><host>::SslCert</literal> is corresponding "
3673 "per-host option. <literal>SslKey</literal> determines what private key to "
3674 "use for client authentication. <literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is "
3675 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides "
3676 "default SSL version to use. Can contain 'TLSv1' or 'SSLv3' string. "
3677 "<literal><host>::SslForceVersion</literal> is corresponding per-host "
3681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3682 #: apt.conf.5.xml:391
3684 "FTP URIs; ftp::Proxy is the default ftp proxy to use. It is in the standard "
3685 "form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per host "
3686 "proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>ftp::Proxy::<"
3687 "host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3688 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3689 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used. To use a ftp "
3690 "proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</literal> script in "
3691 "the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands to send to tell "
3692 "the proxy server what to connect to. Please see &configureindex; for an "
3693 "example of how to do this. The substitution variables available are <literal>"
3694 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal> <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal> <literal>"
3695 "$(SITE_USER)</literal> <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal> <literal>$(SITE)</"
3696 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal> Each is taken from it's "
3697 "respective URI component."
3700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3701 #: apt.conf.5.xml:410
3703 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3704 "to leave passive mode on, it works in nearly every environment. However "
3705 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode ftp used "
3706 "instead. This can be done globally, for connections that go through a proxy "
3707 "or for a specific host (See the sample config file for examples)."
3710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3711 #: apt.conf.5.xml:417
3713 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3714 "envar> environment variable to a http url - see the discussion of the http "
3715 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3716 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3720 #: apt.conf.5.xml:422
3722 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3723 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3724 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3725 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3726 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3730 #: apt.conf.5.xml:435
3732 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3736 #: apt.conf.5.xml:430
3738 "CD-ROM URIs; the only setting for CD-ROM URIs is the mount point, "
3739 "<literal>cdrom::Mount</literal> which must be the mount point for the CD-ROM "
3740 "drive as specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to "
3741 "provide alternate mount and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be "
3742 "listed in the fstab (such as an SMB mount and old mount packages). The "
3743 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3744 "cdrom block. It is important to have the trailing slash. Unmount commands "
3745 "can be specified using UMount."
3748 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3749 #: apt.conf.5.xml:441
3751 "GPGV URIs; the only option for GPGV URIs is the option to pass additional "
3752 "parameters to gpgv. <literal>gpgv::Options</literal> Additional options "
3756 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3757 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
3759 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3763 #: apt.conf.5.xml:447
3765 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3766 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3767 "compression formats. Per default the acquire methods can decompress "
3768 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3769 "command> compressed files, with this setting more formats can be added on "
3770 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3771 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3775 #: apt.conf.5.xml:457
3777 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3781 #: apt.conf.5.xml:460
3783 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3787 #: apt.conf.5.xml:453
3789 "Also the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3790 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3791 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3792 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simple add the "
3793 "preferred type at first - not already added default types will be added at "
3794 "run time to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3795 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3796 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3797 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3798 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this "
3799 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3800 "<literal>bz2</literal> explicit to the list as it will be added automatic."
3803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3804 #: apt.conf.5.xml:464
3806 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3810 #: apt.conf.5.xml:462
3812 "Note that at run time the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</"
3813 "replaceable></literal> will be checked: If this setting exists the method "
3814 "will only be used if this file exists, e.g. for the bzip2 method (the "
3815 "inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> Note "
3816 "also that list entries specified on the command line will be added at the "
3817 "end of the list specified in the configuration files, but before the default "
3818 "entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones specified in the "
3819 "configuration files you can set the option direct - not in list style. This "
3820 "will not override the defined list, it will only prefix the list with this "
3824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3825 #: apt.conf.5.xml:469
3827 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3828 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3829 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3832 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3833 #: apt.conf.5.xml:476
3835 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3836 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3837 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3838 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3842 #: apt.conf.5.xml:484
3844 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3845 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the Description-"
3846 "Translations. APT will try to display the first available Description in the "
3847 "Language which is listed at first. Languages can be defined with their short "
3848 "or long Languagecodes. Note that not all archives provide "
3849 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every Language - especially the "
3850 "long Languagecodes are rare, so please inform you which ones are available "
3851 "before you set here impossible values."
3854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3855 #: apt.conf.5.xml:500
3857 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3861 #: apt.conf.5.xml:490
3863 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3864 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: It will be "
3865 "replaced at runtime with the languagecodes extracted from the "
3866 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3867 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3868 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3869 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3870 "force apt to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3871 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3872 "meaning code which will stop the search for a fitting <filename>Translation</"
3873 "filename> file. This can be used by the system administrator to let APT "
3874 "know that it should download also this files without actually use them if "
3875 "the environment doesn't specify this languages. So the following example "
3876 "configuration will result in the order \"en, de\" in an english and in \"de, "
3877 "en\" in a german localization. Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used "
3878 "if APT is not used in a french localization, in such an environment the "
3879 "order would be \"fr, de, en\". <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id="
3883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3884 #: apt.conf.5.xml:501
3886 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3887 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3888 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3889 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3892 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3893 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
3897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3898 #: apt.conf.5.xml:514
3900 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3901 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3902 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3903 "dpkg status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3904 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3905 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub items if they do not "
3906 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3910 #: apt.conf.5.xml:521
3912 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3913 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3914 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3915 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3916 "be turned off by setting their names to be blank. This will slow down "
3917 "startup but save disk space. It is probably preferred to turn off the "
3918 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3919 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3923 #: apt.conf.5.xml:530
3925 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3926 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3927 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3928 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3929 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3933 #: apt.conf.5.xml:536
3935 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3936 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3937 "main config file is loaded."
3940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3941 #: apt.conf.5.xml:540
3943 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3944 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3945 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3946 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3947 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3948 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3951 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3952 #: apt.conf.5.xml:548
3954 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3955 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3956 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3957 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3958 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3959 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3960 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3964 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3965 #: apt.conf.5.xml:561
3967 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3968 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3969 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3970 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3971 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3972 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3975 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3976 #: apt.conf.5.xml:570
3977 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3981 #: apt.conf.5.xml:572
3983 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3984 "control the default behaviour. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3989 #: apt.conf.5.xml:577
3991 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto, pre-auto "
3992 "and never. always and prompt will remove all packages from the cache after "
3993 "upgrading, prompt (the default) does so conditionally. auto removes only "
3994 "those packages which are no longer downloadable (replaced with a new version "
3995 "for instance). pre-auto performs this action before downloading new "
3999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4000 #: apt.conf.5.xml:586
4002 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4003 "when it is run for the install phase."
4006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4007 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
4009 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4010 "when it is run for the update phase."
4013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4014 #: apt.conf.5.xml:596
4016 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
4017 "The default is to prompt only on error."
4020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4021 #: apt.conf.5.xml:602
4022 msgid "How APT calls dpkg"
4025 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4026 #: apt.conf.5.xml:603
4028 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
4029 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
4032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4033 #: apt.conf.5.xml:608
4035 "This is a list of options to pass to dpkg. The options must be specified "
4036 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
4040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4041 #: apt.conf.5.xml:614
4043 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
4044 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4045 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4046 "fail APT will abort."
4049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4050 #: apt.conf.5.xml:621
4052 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking dpkg. Like "
4053 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4054 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4055 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass to the commands on standard input the "
4056 "filenames of all .deb files it is going to install, one per line."
4059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4060 #: apt.conf.5.xml:627
4062 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
4063 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
4064 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
4065 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
4066 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
4069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4070 #: apt.conf.5.xml:635
4072 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking dpkg, the default is <filename>/"
4076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4077 #: apt.conf.5.xml:640
4079 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages, the "
4080 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
4083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4084 #: apt.conf.5.xml:645
4085 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
4088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4089 #: apt.conf.5.xml:646
4091 "APT can call dpkg in a way so it can make aggressive use of triggers over "
4092 "multiple calls of dpkg. Without further options dpkg will use triggers only "
4093 "in between his own run. Activating these options can therefore decrease the "
4094 "time needed to perform the install / upgrade. Note that it is intended to "
4095 "activate these options per default in the future, but as it changes the way "
4096 "APT calling dpkg drastically it needs a lot more testing. <emphasis>These "
4097 "options are therefore currently experimental and should not be used in "
4098 "productive environments.</emphasis> Also it breaks the progress reporting so "
4099 "all frontends will currently stay around half (or more) of the time in the "
4100 "100% state while it actually configures all packages."
4103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
4104 #: apt.conf.5.xml:661
4107 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
4108 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
4109 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
4110 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
4113 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4114 #: apt.conf.5.xml:655
4116 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
4117 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
4118 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
4119 "enough to help testing them create a new configuration file and test a "
4120 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
4121 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
4122 "reports. Asking dpkg for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
4123 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
4124 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4128 #: apt.conf.5.xml:668
4130 "Add the no triggers flag to all dpkg calls (except the ConfigurePending "
4131 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
4132 "short: dpkg will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it is "
4133 "explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option exists "
4134 "(undocumented) also in older apt versions with a slightly different meaning: "
4135 "Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure calls to "
4136 "dpkg - now apt will add these flag also to the unpack and remove calls."
4139 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4140 #: apt.conf.5.xml:676
4142 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
4143 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". \"<literal>all</literal>\" is the default "
4144 "value and causes APT to configure all packages explicit. The "
4145 "\"<literal>smart</literal>\" way is it to configure only packages which need "
4146 "to be configured before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends) and "
4147 "let the rest configure by dpkg with a call generated by the next option. "
4148 "\"<literal>no</literal>\" on the other hand will not configure anything and "
4149 "totally rely on dpkg for configuration (which will at the moment fail if a "
4150 "Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to another than the all "
4151 "value will implicitly activate also the next option per default as otherwise "
4152 "the system could end in an unconfigured status which could be unbootable!"
4155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4156 #: apt.conf.5.xml:687
4158 "If this option is set apt will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
4159 "command> to let dpkg handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
4160 "option is activated automatic per default if the previous option is not set "
4161 "to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating could be useful if you want to "
4162 "run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these sceneries "
4163 "you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
4166 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4167 #: apt.conf.5.xml:694
4169 "Useful for <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
4170 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal> and dpkg "
4171 "treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a dealbreaker "
4172 "for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will process all "
4173 "triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
4176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4177 #: apt.conf.5.xml:700
4179 "As the configuration can be deferred to be done at the end by dpkg it can be "
4180 "tried to order the unpack series only by critical needs, e.g. by Pre-"
4181 "Depends. Default is true and therefore the \"old\" method of ordering in "
4182 "various steps by everything. While both method were present in earlier APT "
4183 "versions the <literal>OrderCritical</literal> method was unused, so this "
4184 "method is very experimental and needs further improvements before becoming "
4188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
4189 #: apt.conf.5.xml:715
4192 "OrderList::Score {\n"
4194 "\tEssential 200;\n"
4196 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
4200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4201 #: apt.conf.5.xml:708
4203 "Essential packages (and there dependencies) should be configured immediately "
4204 "after unpacking. It will be a good idea to do this quite early in the "
4205 "upgrade process as these these configure calls require currently also "
4206 "<literal>DPkg::TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers "
4207 "(which maybe not needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the "
4208 "immediate flag is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is "
4209 "higher rated). These option and the others in the same group can be used to "
4210 "change the scoring. The following example shows the settings with there "
4211 "default values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4215 #: apt.conf.5.xml:728
4216 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
4219 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4220 #: apt.conf.5.xml:729
4222 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
4223 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by "
4224 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See header of this script for "
4225 "the brief documentation of these options."
4228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4229 #: apt.conf.5.xml:737
4230 msgid "Debug options"
4233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4234 #: apt.conf.5.xml:739
4236 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
4237 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
4238 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
4239 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
4240 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
4244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4245 #: apt.conf.5.xml:750
4247 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
4248 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
4252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4253 #: apt.conf.5.xml:758
4255 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
4256 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
4257 "literal>) as a non-root user."
4260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4261 #: apt.conf.5.xml:767
4263 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
4264 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
4268 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
4270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4271 #: apt.conf.5.xml:775
4273 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
4277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4278 #: apt.conf.5.xml:785
4279 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
4282 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4283 #: apt.conf.5.xml:794
4285 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
4288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4289 #: apt.conf.5.xml:805
4290 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
4293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4294 #: apt.conf.5.xml:816
4295 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
4298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4299 #: apt.conf.5.xml:827
4300 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
4303 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4304 #: apt.conf.5.xml:838
4306 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
4307 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
4310 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4311 #: apt.conf.5.xml:849
4313 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
4314 "stored on CD-ROMs."
4317 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4318 #: apt.conf.5.xml:859
4319 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
4322 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4323 #: apt.conf.5.xml:869
4325 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
4326 "literal> libraries."
4329 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4330 #: apt.conf.5.xml:879
4332 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
4333 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
4337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4338 #: apt.conf.5.xml:890
4340 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
4341 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
4344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4345 #: apt.conf.5.xml:902
4346 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
4349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4350 #: apt.conf.5.xml:912
4352 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
4353 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
4356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4357 #: apt.conf.5.xml:922
4359 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
4360 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
4363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4364 #: apt.conf.5.xml:934
4366 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
4367 "index diffs instead of full indices."
4370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4371 #: apt.conf.5.xml:945
4373 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
4376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4377 #: apt.conf.5.xml:956
4379 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
4380 "the removal of unused packages."
4383 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4384 #: apt.conf.5.xml:966
4386 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
4387 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
4388 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
4389 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
4390 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
4393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4394 #: apt.conf.5.xml:980
4396 "Generate debug messages describing which package is marked as keep/install/"
4397 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
4398 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional space "
4399 "under the original entry. The format for each line is <literal>MarkKeep</"
4400 "literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or <literal>MarkInstall</literal> "
4401 "followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)"
4402 "</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is the current version of the "
4403 "package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version considered for installation "
4404 "and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, but not considered for "
4405 "installation (because of a low pin score). The later two can be omitted if "
4406 "there is none or if it is the same version as the installed. "
4407 "<literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package appears in."
4410 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4411 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1002
4412 msgid "Dump the default configuration to standard error on startup."
4415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4416 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1012
4418 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
4419 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
4422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4423 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1023
4425 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
4426 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
4429 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4430 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1034
4432 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
4433 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
4436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4437 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1046
4439 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
4442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4443 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1057
4444 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
4447 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4448 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1067
4450 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
4451 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
4454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4455 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1078
4457 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
4458 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
4459 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
4462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4463 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1090
4465 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
4469 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4470 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1113
4472 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
4476 #. ? reading apt.conf
4477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4478 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1125
4480 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
4481 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4484 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
4486 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
4487 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
4489 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4490 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
4493 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4494 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4495 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4498 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4499 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4502 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4503 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
4506 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4507 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4508 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4509 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4510 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4511 "priority for installation. The APT preferences file overrides the "
4512 "priorities that APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the "
4513 "user control over which one is selected for installation."
4515 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4516 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4517 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4518 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4519 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4520 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4521 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4522 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4523 "selecionada para instalação."
4525 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4526 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
4529 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4530 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4531 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4532 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences file does not affect the "
4533 "choice of instance, only the choice of version."
4535 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4536 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4537 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4538 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4539 "a escolha da instância."
4541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4542 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
4544 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4545 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4546 "not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to "
4547 "uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even "
4548 "more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without "
4549 "a good understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a "
4550 "specific release aren't tested in and therefore doesn't always work as "
4551 "expected in older or newer releases or together with other packages from "
4552 "different releases. You have been warned."
4555 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4556 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
4558 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4559 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4560 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4561 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4562 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4563 "that it has ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the "
4564 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this "
4565 "case it will be silently ignored."
4568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4569 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
4571 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4572 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4575 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
4577 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4579 "<programlisting>\n"
4580 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4583 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
4585 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4587 "<programlisting>\n"
4588 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4591 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
4594 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4595 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4596 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4597 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4598 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4599 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4600 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4601 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4602 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4603 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4604 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4606 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4607 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4608 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4609 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4610 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4611 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4612 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4613 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4615 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4616 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
4619 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4620 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
4622 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4623 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4627 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
4630 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4633 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
4635 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4636 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4637 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4638 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4642 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
4644 msgid "priority 100"
4645 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4648 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
4650 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4651 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4652 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4653 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4656 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4657 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
4659 msgid "priority 500"
4660 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4663 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4666 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
4669 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
4671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4672 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
4674 msgid "priority 990"
4675 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4678 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
4681 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
4683 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4685 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4686 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
4689 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4690 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4691 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4692 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4693 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4694 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4696 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4697 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4698 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4701 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
4704 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4705 "determine which version of a package to install."
4707 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4708 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4711 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
4714 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4715 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4716 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4717 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4718 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4720 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4721 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4722 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4723 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4724 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4725 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4728 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4730 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4731 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4734 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
4737 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4738 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4740 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4741 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4743 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4744 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
4747 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4748 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4749 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4751 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4752 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4753 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4755 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4756 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
4759 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4760 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4761 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4762 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4763 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4765 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4766 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4767 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4768 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4769 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4773 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
4776 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4777 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4778 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4779 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4781 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4782 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4783 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4784 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4785 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4787 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4788 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
4791 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4792 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4793 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4794 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4795 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4796 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4797 "than the installed version."
4799 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4800 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4801 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4802 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4803 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4804 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4805 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4808 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
4810 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4811 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4813 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4814 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
4817 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4818 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4819 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4820 "specific form and a general form."
4822 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4823 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4824 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4825 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4828 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
4831 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4832 "specified packages and specified version or version range. For example, the "
4833 "following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4834 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4835 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by spaces."
4837 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4838 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4839 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4840 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4841 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4844 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
4848 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4849 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4851 "<programlisting>\n"
4853 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4854 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4857 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
4860 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4861 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4862 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4863 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4864 "fully qualified domain name."
4866 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4867 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4868 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4869 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4870 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4873 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
4876 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4877 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4878 "all package versions available from the local site."
4880 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4881 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4882 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4885 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4886 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
4890 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4891 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4893 "<programlisting>\n"
4895 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4896 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4899 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
4901 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4902 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4903 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4904 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4907 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4908 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
4912 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4913 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4915 "<programlisting>\n"
4917 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4918 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4921 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4924 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4925 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4926 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4927 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4930 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4931 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4932 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4933 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4934 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4935 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4937 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4938 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4941 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4942 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4945 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4946 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4947 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4950 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
4954 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4955 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4957 "<programlisting>\n"
4959 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4960 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4963 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4966 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4967 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4970 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4971 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4972 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4975 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
4979 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4980 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4982 "<programlisting>\n"
4984 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4985 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4988 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
4991 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4992 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4993 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>3.0</literal>\"."
4995 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4996 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4997 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
5000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
5001 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
5005 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5006 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5008 "<programlisting>\n"
5010 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
5011 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5014 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
5015 msgid "Regular expressions and glob() syntax"
5018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5019 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
5021 "APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular expressions "
5022 "surrounded by /. For example, the following example assigns the priority 500 "
5023 "to all packages from experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob"
5024 "()-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular "
5025 "expression surrounded by slashes)."
5028 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5029 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
5032 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
5033 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
5034 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5036 "<programlisting>\n"
5038 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5039 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5042 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
5044 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
5045 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
5046 "packages from a release starting with karmic."
5049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5050 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
5054 "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
5055 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
5057 "<programlisting>\n"
5059 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5060 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5063 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
5065 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
5066 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
5067 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
5068 "the future, thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
5069 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
5070 "Package field is not considered a glob() expression in itself."
5073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5074 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
5076 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
5077 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
5079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5080 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
5083 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
5084 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
5086 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
5087 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
5088 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
5090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5091 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
5094 msgstr "P > 1000"
5096 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5097 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
5100 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
5103 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
5104 "dowgrade do pacote"
5106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5107 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
5109 msgid "990 < P <=1000"
5110 msgstr "990 < P <=1000"
5112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5113 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
5116 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
5117 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
5119 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
5120 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5123 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
5125 msgid "500 < P <=990"
5126 msgstr "500 < P <=990"
5128 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5129 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
5132 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5133 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
5135 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5136 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5139 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
5141 msgid "100 < P <=500"
5142 msgstr "100 < P <=500"
5144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5145 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
5148 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5149 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
5151 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5152 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
5155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5156 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
5158 msgid "0 < P <=100"
5159 msgstr "0 <= P <=100"
5161 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5162 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
5165 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
5168 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
5169 "instalada do pacote"
5171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5172 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
5177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5178 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
5180 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
5181 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
5183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5184 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
5187 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
5188 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
5189 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
5190 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
5192 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
5193 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
5194 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
5195 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
5196 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
5197 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
5199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5200 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
5203 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
5204 "presented earlier:"
5206 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
5207 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
5209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5210 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
5214 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5215 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5218 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5219 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5222 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5223 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5225 "<programlisting>\n"
5227 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5228 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5231 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5232 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5235 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5236 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5238 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5239 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
5243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5244 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
5247 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
5248 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
5249 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> 5.8* version of "
5250 "<literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version is 5.9*, then "
5251 "<literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
5253 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
5254 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
5255 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
5256 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
5257 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
5259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5260 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
5263 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
5264 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
5265 "versions belonging to the target release."
5267 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
5268 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
5269 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
5271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5272 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
5275 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
5276 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
5277 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
5278 "and no version of the package is already installed."
5280 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
5281 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
5282 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
5283 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
5286 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5287 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
5289 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
5290 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
5292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5293 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
5296 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
5297 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
5298 "describe the packages available at that location."
5300 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
5301 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
5302 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
5304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5305 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
5308 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5309 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
5310 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
5311 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
5312 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
5313 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
5314 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5316 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
5317 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
5318 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
5319 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
5320 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
5321 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
5322 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
5325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5326 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
5328 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
5329 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
5331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5332 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
5334 msgid "gives the package name"
5335 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
5337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5338 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
5340 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
5341 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
5343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5344 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
5346 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
5347 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
5349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5350 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
5353 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5354 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
5355 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
5356 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
5357 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
5358 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
5359 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
5360 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5362 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
5363 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
5364 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
5365 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
5366 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
5367 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
5368 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
5369 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
5372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5373 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
5375 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
5376 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
5378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5379 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
5382 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5383 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
5384 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5385 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
5386 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
5389 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5390 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5391 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5392 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5393 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5394 "requerer a linha :"
5396 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5397 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
5399 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5401 "<programlisting>\n"
5402 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5405 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
5407 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
5408 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5410 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5411 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
5414 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5415 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
5416 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5417 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
5418 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
5419 "preferences file would require the line:"
5421 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5422 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5423 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5424 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5425 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5426 "requerer a linha :"
5428 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5429 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
5431 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5433 "<programlisting>\n"
5434 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5437 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
5440 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
5441 "belong to Debian release version 3.0. Note that there is normally no "
5442 "version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</"
5443 "literal> distributions because they have not been released yet. Specifying "
5444 "this in the APT preferences file would require one of the following lines."
5446 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
5447 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
5448 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
5449 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
5450 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
5453 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5454 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
5457 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5458 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5459 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5461 "<programlisting>\n"
5462 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5463 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
5464 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5466 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5467 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
5469 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
5470 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5473 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
5476 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5477 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5478 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5479 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5480 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5481 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5483 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5484 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5485 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5486 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5487 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5488 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5489 "requerer a linha :"
5491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5492 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
5494 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5496 "<programlisting>\n"
5497 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5500 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
5502 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5503 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5505 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5506 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
5509 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5510 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5511 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5514 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5515 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5516 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5517 "requerer a linha :"
5519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5520 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
5522 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5524 "<programlisting>\n"
5525 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5528 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
5530 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5531 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5534 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
5537 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5538 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5539 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5542 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5543 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5544 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5547 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
5549 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5551 "<programlisting>\n"
5552 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5555 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
5558 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5559 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5560 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5561 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5562 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5563 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5564 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5565 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5566 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5567 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5569 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5570 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5571 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5572 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5573 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5574 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5575 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5576 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5577 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5578 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5581 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
5583 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5584 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5587 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
5590 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5591 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5592 "provides a place for comments."
5594 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5595 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5596 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5599 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
5601 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5602 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5605 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
5608 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5609 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5611 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5612 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5615 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5616 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5618 "<programlisting>\n"
5619 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5620 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5622 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5623 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5626 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5627 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5630 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
5633 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5634 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5635 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5636 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5637 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5639 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5640 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5641 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5642 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5643 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5646 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
5647 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
5650 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5652 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5654 "<programlisting>\n"
5655 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5657 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5660 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
5663 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5664 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5665 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5668 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5669 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5670 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5673 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
5675 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5677 "<programlisting>\n"
5678 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5681 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
5684 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5685 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5686 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5687 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5689 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5690 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5691 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5694 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
5696 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5697 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5700 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
5704 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5705 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5708 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5709 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5712 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5713 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5715 "<programlisting>\n"
5717 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5718 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5721 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5722 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5725 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5726 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5729 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
5732 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5733 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5734 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5735 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5736 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5737 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5739 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5740 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5741 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5742 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5743 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5746 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
5749 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5750 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5751 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5754 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5755 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a"
5756 "(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5758 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5759 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
5761 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5763 "<programlisting>\n"
5764 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5766 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5767 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
5770 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5771 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5772 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5773 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5774 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5775 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5776 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5778 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5779 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5780 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5781 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5782 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5783 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5784 "recente que a versão instalada."
5786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5787 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
5788 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5791 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5792 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
5795 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5796 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5798 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5799 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5801 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5803 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5804 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5807 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5808 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5810 "<programlisting>\n"
5811 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5812 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5814 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5815 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5818 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5819 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5822 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
5824 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5825 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5826 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5827 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5828 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5829 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5830 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5831 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5832 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5833 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5837 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
5840 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5841 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5842 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5843 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5845 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5846 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5847 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5850 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
5852 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5854 "<programlisting>\n"
5855 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5858 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
5861 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5862 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5863 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5864 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5865 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5866 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5867 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5869 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5870 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5871 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5872 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5873 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5874 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5875 "recente que a versão instalada."
5877 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5878 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
5880 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5881 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5884 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
5885 msgid "Package resource list for APT"
5888 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5889 #: sources.list.5.xml:37
5891 "The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package "
5892 "distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page "
5893 "documents only the packaging system used by the Debian system. This control "
5894 "file is <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>."
5897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5898 #: sources.list.5.xml:42
5900 "The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a "
5901 "variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most "
5902 "preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: <literal>type uri "
5903 "args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal> determines the format "
5904 "for <literal>args</literal>. <literal>uri</literal> is a Universal Resource "
5905 "Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known "
5906 "Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a "
5907 "comment by using a #."
5910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5911 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
5912 msgid "sources.list.d"
5915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5916 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
5918 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5919 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5920 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5921 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5922 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5923 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file "
5924 "doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5925 "configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored."
5928 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5929 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5930 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5934 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5936 "The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian "
5937 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically, "
5938 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archivename like "
5939 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5940 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5941 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> <literal>contrib</"
5942 "literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-src</literal> type "
5943 "describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the "
5944 "<literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required "
5945 "to fetch source indexes."
5948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5949 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5951 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5952 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5956 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
5958 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
5961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5962 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
5964 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5965 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5966 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5967 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
5968 "a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section "
5969 "of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If <literal>distribution</"
5970 "literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one <literal>component</"
5971 "literal> must be present."
5974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5975 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
5977 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
5978 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, "
5979 "powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent "
5980 "<filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only "
5981 "of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will "
5982 "automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise."
5985 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5986 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
5988 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
5989 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
5990 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
5991 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
5992 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
5993 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
5994 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
5995 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
5996 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
5997 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
6000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6001 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
6003 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surounded by "
6004 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
6005 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
6006 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
6007 "following settings are supported by APT, note though that unsupported "
6008 "settings will be ignored silently:"
6011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6012 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
6014 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
6015 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
6016 "packages information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
6017 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
6018 "will be downloaded."
6021 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6022 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
6024 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
6025 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
6026 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
6027 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
6028 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
6029 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
6032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6033 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
6035 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
6036 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
6037 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
6038 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
6041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6042 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
6044 msgid "Some examples:"
6047 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6048 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
6051 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
6052 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
6056 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6057 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
6058 msgid "URI specification"
6061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6062 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
6063 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
6066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6067 #: sources.list.5.xml:147
6069 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
6070 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
6074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6075 #: sources.list.5.xml:154
6077 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
6078 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
6081 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6082 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
6084 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
6085 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
6086 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
6087 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
6088 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
6092 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6093 #: sources.list.5.xml:172
6095 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
6096 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
6097 "Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
6098 "envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http "
6099 "proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this "
6100 "method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be "
6104 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6105 #: sources.list.5.xml:183
6107 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
6108 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
6109 "This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT."
6112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6113 #: sources.list.5.xml:190
6115 "The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given "
6116 "user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with "
6117 "RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard "
6118 "<command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> commands to perform the "
6119 "file transfers from the remote."
6122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6123 #: sources.list.5.xml:198
6124 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
6127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6128 #: sources.list.5.xml:200
6130 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages "
6131 "which should follow the nameing scheme <package>apt-transport-"
6132 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. The APT team e.g. maintains "
6133 "also the <package>apt-transport-https</package> package which provides "
6134 "access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but "
6135 "other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see &apt-"
6136 "transport-debtorrent;."
6139 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6140 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
6142 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
6143 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
6146 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6147 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
6149 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
6152 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6153 #: sources.list.5.xml:216
6154 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
6157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6158 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
6160 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6164 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
6165 msgid "Source line for the above"
6168 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6169 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
6171 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6174 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6175 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
6177 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
6178 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
6179 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
6182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6183 #: sources.list.5.xml:224
6186 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
6187 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
6190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6191 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
6193 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
6197 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6198 #: sources.list.5.xml:229
6200 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
6203 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6204 #: sources.list.5.xml:231
6206 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6207 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
6210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6211 #: sources.list.5.xml:233
6213 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
6216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6217 #: sources.list.5.xml:235
6219 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6220 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
6221 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
6222 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
6225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6226 #: sources.list.5.xml:239
6228 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6231 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6232 #: sources.list.5.xml:248
6234 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6237 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6238 #: sources.list.5.xml:241
6240 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6241 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6242 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6243 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6244 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6245 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6249 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6250 #: sources.list.5.xml:253
6252 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
6253 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6255 #. type: <title></title>
6257 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6260 #. type: <author></author>
6261 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6262 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6265 #. type: <version></version>
6267 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6270 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6273 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6276 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6278 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6282 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6284 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6285 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6286 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6287 "or (at your option) any later version."
6291 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6293 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6294 "GPL for the full license."
6297 #. type: <heading></heading>
6305 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6306 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6307 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6308 "packages from the Internet."
6311 #. type: <heading></heading>
6313 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6319 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6320 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6321 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6327 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6328 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6329 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6330 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6331 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6337 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6338 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6339 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6346 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6347 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6348 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6349 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6355 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6356 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6357 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6358 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6359 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6360 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6361 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6362 "other mail transport agents."
6368 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6369 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6370 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6371 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6372 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6373 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6374 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6375 "trying to manually fix packages."
6381 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6382 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6383 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6384 "packages for installation."
6387 #. type: <heading></heading>
6395 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6396 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6397 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6398 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6404 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6405 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6406 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6407 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6408 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6412 #. type: <example></example>
6416 "# apt-get update\n"
6417 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6418 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6419 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6420 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6423 #. type: <p><taglist>
6425 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6428 #. type: <tag></tag>
6436 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6437 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6438 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6439 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6440 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6441 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6442 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6445 #. type: <tag></tag>
6453 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6454 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6455 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6456 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6457 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6458 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6459 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6462 #. type: <tag></tag>
6464 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6470 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6471 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6472 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6473 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6474 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6475 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6476 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6482 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6483 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6489 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6490 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6491 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6492 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6493 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6494 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6495 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6498 #. type: <heading></heading>
6506 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6507 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6508 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6515 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6516 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6517 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6518 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source can "
6519 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6520 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
6521 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6522 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6523 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
6526 #. type: <example></example>
6530 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6532 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6533 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6536 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6537 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6538 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6541 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6547 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6548 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6552 #. type: <example></example>
6556 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6557 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6558 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6560 " Distribution [stable]:"
6566 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6567 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6568 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6569 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6570 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6571 "into the US is legal however."
6574 #. type: <example></example>
6578 " Please give the components to get\n"
6579 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6581 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6587 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6588 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6589 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6590 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6596 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6597 "until you have specified all that you want."
6603 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6604 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6605 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6606 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6607 "tt> has been run before."
6613 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6614 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6615 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6622 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6623 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6624 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6627 #. type: <heading></heading>
6629 msgid "The Interface"
6635 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6636 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6637 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6638 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6639 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6640 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6641 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6642 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6645 #. type: <heading></heading>
6653 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6654 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6655 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6659 #. type: <example></example>
6664 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6665 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6671 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6672 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6673 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6674 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6680 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6681 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6682 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6683 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6686 #. type: <example></example>
6691 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6692 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6693 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6694 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6695 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6696 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6697 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6698 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6699 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6700 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6701 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6702 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6703 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6704 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6710 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6711 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6712 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6713 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6714 "problem is also included."
6720 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6721 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6722 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6723 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6724 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6725 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6732 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6733 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6734 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6735 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6736 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6737 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6743 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6744 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6745 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6746 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6747 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6750 #. type: <heading></heading>
6752 msgid "The Status Report"
6758 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6759 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6760 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6761 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6762 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6765 #. type: <heading></heading>
6767 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6770 #. type: <example></example>
6774 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6775 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6776 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6777 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6778 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6785 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6786 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6787 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6788 "result of an Auto Install."
6791 #. type: <heading></heading>
6793 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6796 #. type: <example></example>
6800 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6801 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6802 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6803 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6810 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6811 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6812 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6813 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6814 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6815 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6816 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6819 #. type: <heading></heading>
6821 msgid "The New Packages list"
6824 #. type: <example></example>
6828 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6829 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6835 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6836 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6840 #. type: <heading></heading>
6842 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6845 #. type: <example></example>
6849 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6850 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6851 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6857 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6858 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6859 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6860 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6861 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6862 "to resolve their problems."
6865 #. type: <heading></heading>
6867 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6870 #. type: <example></example>
6874 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6881 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6882 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6883 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6886 #. type: <heading></heading>
6888 msgid "Final summary"
6894 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6897 #. type: <example></example>
6901 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6902 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6903 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6909 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
6910 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
6911 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
6912 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
6913 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
6914 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
6915 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
6916 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
6917 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
6918 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
6919 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
6920 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
6921 "the amount of space that will be freed."
6927 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
6928 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
6931 #. type: <heading></heading>
6933 msgid "The Status Display"
6939 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
6943 #. type: <example></example>
6947 "# apt-get update\n"
6948 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
6949 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6950 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
6951 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6952 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
6953 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
6959 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
6960 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
6961 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
6962 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
6963 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
6970 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
6971 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
6972 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
6973 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
6974 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
6975 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
6976 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
6982 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
6983 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
6984 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
6985 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
6986 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
6987 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
6988 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
6989 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
6990 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
6991 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
6992 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
6993 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
7000 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7001 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7002 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7003 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7007 #. type: <heading></heading>
7015 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7016 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7017 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7018 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7019 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7020 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7023 #. type: <title></title>
7025 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7028 #. type: <version></version>
7030 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7033 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7036 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7037 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7040 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7042 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7045 #. type: <heading></heading>
7047 msgid "Introduction"
7050 #. type: <heading></heading>
7051 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7058 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7059 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7060 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7061 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7067 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7068 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7069 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7070 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7071 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7072 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7073 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7074 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7075 "bad or no connection."
7081 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7082 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7083 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7084 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7087 #. type: <heading></heading>
7089 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7092 #. type: <p><example>
7095 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7096 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7097 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7098 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7101 #. type: <example></example>
7115 #. type: <heading></heading>
7117 msgid "The configuration file"
7123 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7124 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7125 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7126 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7127 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7128 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7131 #. type: <p><example>
7134 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7138 #. type: <example></example>
7144 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7145 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7146 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7148 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7153 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7154 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7155 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7156 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7158 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7159 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7160 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7162 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7163 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7167 #. type: </example></p>
7170 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7171 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7174 #. type: <p><example>
7177 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7178 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7179 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7180 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7181 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7184 #. type: <example></example>
7188 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7189 " # apt-get update\n"
7190 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7191 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7192 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7195 #. type: </example></p>
7198 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7199 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7200 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7201 "your selections back to the local computer."
7204 #. type: <p><example>
7207 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7208 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7211 #. type: <example></example>
7215 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7216 " # apt-get check\n"
7217 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7218 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7219 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7225 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7226 "local one. This is very important!"
7232 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7233 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7234 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7235 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7236 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7239 #. type: <heading></heading>
7241 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7247 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7248 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7249 "already has a list of available packages."
7255 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7256 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7257 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7261 #. type: <heading></heading>
7267 #. type: <p><example>
7270 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7271 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7274 #. type: <example></example>
7278 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7279 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7280 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7281 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7284 #. type: </example></p>
7287 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7294 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7295 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7296 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7297 "output on the disc."
7300 #. type: <p><example>
7302 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7305 #. type: <example></example>
7310 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7314 #. type: </example><example>
7317 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7318 "installation can proceed using,"
7321 #. type: <example></example>
7324 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7327 #. type: </example></p>
7329 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7333 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7334 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7337 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7339 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7340 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7343 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7344 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7347 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7348 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7351 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7352 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7356 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7357 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7358 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7359 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7361 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7362 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7364 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7366 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7367 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7368 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7373 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7374 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7375 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7376 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7380 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7381 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7385 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7386 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7387 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7388 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7390 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7391 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7392 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7393 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7398 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7399 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7400 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7401 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7403 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7404 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7405 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7406 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7408 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7409 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7410 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7411 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7412 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7413 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7415 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7416 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7417 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7418 #~ "configuration \n"
7419 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7420 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7423 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7424 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7425 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7426 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7428 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7429 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7430 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7431 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7433 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7434 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7435 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7436 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7437 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7438 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7439 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7441 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7442 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7443 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7444 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7445 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7448 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7449 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"
projects / apt.git / blob