1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
10 "Project-Id-Version: apt-doc 1.0.5\n"
11 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
12 "POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-11 10:50+0200\n"
13 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
14 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
15 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
18 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
19 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
25 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
27 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
28 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
37 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
39 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
48 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
49 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
50 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
51 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
52 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
53 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
54 " &reportbug; command.\n"
60 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
62 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
63 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
64 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
71 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
72 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
73 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
74 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
80 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
82 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
89 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
90 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
91 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
92 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
93 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
94 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
105 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
106 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
107 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
118 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
119 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
120 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
121 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
122 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
123 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
124 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
135 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
136 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
137 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
138 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
139 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
140 " times to set different options.\n"
151 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
152 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
153 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
154 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
155 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
156 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
157 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
158 " or several other variations.\n"
164 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
165 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
166 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
167 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
168 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
175 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
176 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
177 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
178 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
186 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
187 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
188 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
197 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
198 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
199 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
200 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
208 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
209 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
210 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
219 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
220 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
221 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
222 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
223 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
224 " from a separate source\n"
225 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
226 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
234 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
235 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
236 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
245 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
246 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
247 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
248 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
256 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
257 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
258 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
267 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
268 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
269 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
271 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
279 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
280 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
281 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
290 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
291 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
292 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
293 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
301 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
302 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
303 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
304 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
313 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
314 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
315 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
316 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
317 " </para></listitem>\n"
326 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
327 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
328 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
329 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
335 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
336 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
337 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
338 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
339 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
340 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
341 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
344 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
345 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
346 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
353 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
354 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
355 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
356 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
357 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
358 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
359 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
360 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
361 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
368 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
369 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
375 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
376 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
382 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
383 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
384 "\"target_release\">"
390 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
391 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
397 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
398 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
404 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
405 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
411 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
412 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
418 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
419 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
425 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
426 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
432 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
433 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
434 "\"temporary_directory\">"
440 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
441 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
447 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
448 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
454 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
455 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
462 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
463 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
470 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
471 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
477 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
478 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
482 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
483 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml
487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
488 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
489 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
490 #: apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
491 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
497 msgid "command-line interface"
500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
501 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
502 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
503 #: apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
504 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
509 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
512 "<command>apt</command> provides a high-level commandline interface for the "
513 "package management system. It is intended as an end user interface and "
514 "enables some options better suited for interactive usage by default compared "
515 "to more specialized APT tools like &apt-get; and &apt-cache;."
518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
521 "Much like <command>apt</command> itself, its manpage is intended as an end "
522 "user interface and as such only mentions the most used commands and options "
523 "partly to not duplicate information in multiple places and partly to avoid "
524 "overwhelming readers with a cornucopia of options and details."
527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
535 "<option>update</option> is used to download package information from all "
536 "configured sources. Other commands operate on this data to e.g. perform "
537 "package upgrades or search in and display details about all packages "
538 "available for installation."
541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
544 "<option>upgrade</option> is used to install available upgrades of all "
545 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources configured via "
546 "&sources-list;. New packages will be installed if required to statisfy "
547 "dependencies, but existing packages will never be removed. If an upgrade for "
548 "a package requires the remove of an installed package the upgrade for this "
549 "package isn't performed."
552 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
555 "<literal>full-upgrade</literal> performs the function of upgrade but will "
556 "remove currently installed packages if this is needed to upgrade the system "
560 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
568 "Performs the requested action on one or more packages specified via ®ex;, "
569 "&glob; or exact match. The requested action can be overridden for specific "
570 "packages by append a plus (+) to the package name to install this package or "
571 "a minus (-) to remove it."
574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
577 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
578 "following the package name with an equals (=) and the version of the package "
579 "to select. Alternatively the version from a specific release can be selected "
580 "by following the package name with a forward slash (/) and codename (&debian-"
581 "stable-codename;, &debian-testing-codename;, sid …) or suite name (stable, "
582 "testing, unstable). This will also select versions from this release for "
583 "dependencies of this package if needed to satisfy the request."
586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
589 "Removing a package removes all packaged data, but leaves usually small "
590 "(modified) user configuration files behind, in case the remove was an "
591 "accident. Just issuing an installation request for the accidentally removed "
592 "package will restore its function as before in that case. On the other hand "
593 "you can get rid of these leftovers by calling <command>purge</command> even "
594 "on already removed packages. Note that this does not affect any data or "
595 "configuration stored in your home directory."
598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
601 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
602 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
603 "now no longer needed as dependencies changed or the package(s) needing them "
604 "were removed in the meantime."
607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
610 "You should check that the list does not include applications you have grown "
611 "to like even though they were once installed just as a dependency of another "
612 "package. You can mark such a package as manually installed by using &apt-"
613 "mark;. Packages which you have installed explicitly via <command>install</"
614 "command> are also never proposed for automatic removal."
617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
620 msgid "(&apt-cache;)"
626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
629 "<option>search</option> can be used to search for the given ®ex; term(s) "
630 "in the list of available packages and display matches. This can e.g. be "
631 "useful if you are looking for packages having a specific feature. If you "
632 "are looking for a package including a specific file try &apt-file;."
635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
638 "Show information about the given package(s) including its dependencies, "
639 "installation and download size, sources the package is available from, the "
640 "description of the packages content and much more. It can e.g. be helpful to "
641 "look at this information before allowing &apt; to remove a package or while "
642 "searching for new packages to install."
645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
647 msgid "(work-in-progress)"
650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
653 "<option>list</option> is somewhat similar to <command>dpkg-query --list</"
654 "command> in that it can display a list of packages satisfying certain "
655 "criteria. It supports &glob; patterns for matching package names as well as "
656 "options to list installed (<option>--installed</option>), upgradeable "
657 "(<option>--upgradeable</option>) or all available (<option>--all-versions</"
661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
664 "<literal>edit-sources</literal> lets you edit your &sources-list; files in "
665 "your preferred texteditor while also providing basic sanity checks."
668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
670 msgid "Script Usage and Differences from Other APT Tools"
673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
676 "The &apt; commandline is designed as an end-user tool and it may change "
677 "behavior between versions. While it tries not to break backward "
678 "compatibility this is not guaranteed either if a change seems beneficial for "
682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
685 "All features of &apt; are available in dedicated APT tools like &apt-get; "
686 "and &apt-cache; as well. &apt; just changes the default value of some "
687 "options (see &apt-conf; and specifically the Binary scope). So you should "
688 "prefer using these commands (potentially with some additional options "
689 "enabled) in your scripts as they keep backward compatibility as much as "
693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
694 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
695 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
696 #: apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
697 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
700 msgstr "Consulte também"
702 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
705 "&apt-get;, &apt-cache;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, The APT "
706 "User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto."
709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
710 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml
711 #: apt-config.8.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
712 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
719 "<command>apt</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
725 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
731 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
732 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
733 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &aptitude;, "
734 "&synaptic; and &wajig;."
737 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
738 #: apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml
739 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
741 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
742 "one of the commands below must be present."
745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
748 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
749 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
750 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
751 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
752 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
753 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
754 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
755 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
756 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
759 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
762 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
763 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
764 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
765 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
766 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
767 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
768 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
769 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
770 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
771 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
777 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
778 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
779 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
780 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
781 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
782 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
783 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
784 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
785 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
786 "individual packages."
789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
792 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
793 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
794 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
795 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
796 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
803 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
804 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
805 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
806 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
807 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the "
808 "package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. "
809 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
810 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
811 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
812 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
813 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
814 "get's conflict resolution system."
817 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
820 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
821 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
822 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
823 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
824 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
825 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
831 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
838 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
839 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
840 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
841 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
842 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
843 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
844 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
850 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
851 "installation policy for individual packages."
854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
857 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
858 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
859 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
860 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
861 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
862 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
869 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
870 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
871 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
872 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
873 "installed instead of removed."
876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
879 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
880 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
887 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
888 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
889 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
890 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
891 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
892 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
893 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
896 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
899 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
900 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
901 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
902 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
903 "versions or none at all."
906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
909 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
910 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
911 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
912 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
913 "package will not be unpacked."
916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
919 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
920 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
921 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
922 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
929 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
930 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
931 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
937 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
938 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
939 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
940 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
941 "option> option instead."
944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
947 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
948 "and checks for broken dependencies."
951 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
954 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
961 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
962 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
963 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
964 "partial/</filename>."
967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
972 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
974 msgid "alias since 1.1)"
977 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
980 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
981 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
982 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
983 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
984 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
985 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
989 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
992 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
993 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
994 "now no longer needed."
997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1000 "<literal>changelog</literal> tries to download the changelog of a package "
1001 "and displays it through <command>sensible-pager</command>. By default it "
1002 "displays the changelog for the version that is installed. However, you can "
1003 "specify the same options as for the <option>install</option> command."
1006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1009 "Displays by default a deb822 formatted listing of information about all data "
1010 "files (aka index targets) <command>apt-get update</command> would download. "
1011 "Supports a <option>--format</option> option to modify the output format as "
1012 "well as accepts lines of the default output to filter the records by. The "
1013 "command is mainly used as an interface for external tools working with APT "
1014 "to get information as well as filenames for downloaded files so they can use "
1015 "them as well instead of downloading them again on their own. Detailed "
1016 "documentation is omitted here and can instead be found in the file &apt-"
1017 "acquire-additional-files; shipped by the <package>apt-doc</package> package."
1020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1021 #: apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-config.8.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
1022 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
1026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1029 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
1030 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
1033 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1036 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
1037 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
1040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1043 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
1044 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
1047 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1050 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
1051 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
1052 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
1053 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
1054 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
1055 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
1056 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
1057 "means using <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of the "
1058 "offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> "
1059 "may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
1060 "Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
1063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1066 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
1067 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
1068 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
1069 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
1070 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
1071 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
1072 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
1075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1078 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
1079 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
1080 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
1083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1086 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1087 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1088 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1089 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
1090 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
1091 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
1092 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
1095 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1098 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur based on the "
1099 "current system state but do not actually change the system. Locking will be "
1100 "disabled (<option>Debug::NoLocking</option>) so the system state could "
1101 "change while <command>apt-get</command> is running. Simulations can also be "
1102 "executed by non-root users which might not have read access to all apt "
1103 "configuration distorting the simulation. A notice expressing this warning "
1104 "is also shown by default for non-root users (<option>APT::Get::Show-User-"
1105 "Simulation-Note</option>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</"
1109 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1112 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
1113 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
1114 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
1115 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
1116 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
1119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1122 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
1123 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
1124 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
1125 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
1126 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
1129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1132 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1133 "Assume-No</literal>."
1136 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1139 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
1140 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
1143 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1146 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
1147 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
1150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1153 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
1154 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
1155 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
1156 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
1157 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
1158 "Architecture</literal>."
1161 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1164 "This option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package "
1165 "is built by <command>apt-get source --compile</command> and how build "
1166 "dependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More "
1167 "than one build profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them with "
1168 "a comma. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Build-Profiles</literal>."
1171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1174 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
1175 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
1178 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1181 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
1182 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
1183 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
1184 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
1187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1190 "Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with "
1191 "<literal>upgrade</literal>. This is useful if the update of a installed "
1192 "package requires new dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the "
1193 "package back <literal>upgrade</literal> will upgrade the package and install "
1194 "the new dependencies. Note that <literal>upgrade</literal> with this option "
1195 "will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item: "
1196 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New</literal>."
1199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1202 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1203 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
1204 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
1205 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
1208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1211 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1212 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
1213 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
1214 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
1217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1220 "This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting "
1221 "if it is doing downgrades. It should not be used except in very special "
1222 "situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration "
1223 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-downgrades</literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1."
1226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1229 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1230 "without prompting if it is removing essentials. It should not be used except "
1231 "in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! "
1232 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-remove-essential</literal>. "
1233 "Introduced in APT 1.1."
1236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1239 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1240 "without prompting if it is changing held packages. It should not be used "
1241 "except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your "
1242 "system! Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-change-held-packages</"
1243 "literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1."
1246 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1249 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1250 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
1251 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
1252 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
1253 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>. This is deprecated and replaced by "
1254 "<option>--allow-downgrades</option>, <option>--allow-remove-essential</"
1255 "option>, <option>--allow-change-held-packages</option> in 1.1."
1258 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1261 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
1262 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
1263 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
1264 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
1265 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
1266 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
1267 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1268 "Print-URIs</literal>."
1271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1274 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
1275 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
1276 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
1277 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
1280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1283 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
1284 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
1287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1290 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
1291 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
1292 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
1293 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
1294 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1295 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
1298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1301 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
1302 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
1303 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
1304 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
1305 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
1306 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
1307 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
1308 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
1309 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
1312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1315 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
1316 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
1317 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
1318 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
1321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1324 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
1325 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
1328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1331 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
1332 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
1333 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
1334 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
1337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1340 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
1341 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
1342 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
1343 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
1344 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
1345 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
1349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1352 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
1353 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
1354 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
1357 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1360 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
1361 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
1364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1367 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
1368 "can be useful while working with local repositories, but is a huge security "
1369 "risk if data authenticity isn't ensured in another way by the user itself. "
1370 "The usage of the <option>Trusted</option> option for &sources-list; entries "
1371 "should usually be preferred over this global override. Configuration Item: "
1372 "<literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
1375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1378 "Forbid the update command to acquire unverifiable data from configured "
1379 "sources. Apt will fail at the update command for repositories without valid "
1380 "cryptographically signatures. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
1381 "AllowInsecureRepositories</literal>."
1384 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1387 "Show user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages "
1388 "are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machine parsable version of this "
1389 "data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration "
1390 "Item: <literal>Dpkg::Progress</literal> and <literal>Dpkg::Progress-Fancy</"
1394 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1395 #: apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
1396 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
1400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1403 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, "
1404 "&apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the "
1408 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1411 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
1415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1417 msgid "query the APT cache"
1420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1423 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
1424 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
1425 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
1426 "output from the package metadata. The metadata is acquired and updated via "
1427 "the 'update' command of e.g. <command>apt-get</command>, so that it can be "
1428 "outdated if the last update is too long ago, but in exchange <command>apt-"
1429 "cache</command> works independently of the availability of the configured "
1430 "sources (e.g. offline)."
1433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1436 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
1437 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
1440 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1442 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
1445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1448 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
1449 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
1450 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
1451 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
1452 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
1453 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
1454 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
1455 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
1456 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
1459 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1463 "Package: libreadline2\n"
1464 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
1465 "Reverse Depends: \n"
1466 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
1467 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
1469 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
1472 "Reverse Provides: \n"
1475 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1478 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
1479 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
1480 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
1481 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
1482 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
1483 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
1484 "best to consult the apt source code."
1487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1490 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
1491 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
1494 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1497 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
1501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1504 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
1505 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
1506 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
1507 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
1510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1513 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1514 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
1515 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
1516 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
1517 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
1518 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
1521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1524 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
1525 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
1526 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
1527 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
1530 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1533 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1534 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
1535 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
1536 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
1539 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1542 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
1543 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
1544 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
1545 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
1546 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
1549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1552 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
1553 "found in the cache. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
1554 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
1555 "larger than the number of total package names."
1558 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1561 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
1562 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
1565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1568 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
1569 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
1570 "records that declare the name to be a binary package. Use <option>--only-"
1571 "source</option> to display only source package names."
1574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1577 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
1578 "It is primarily for debugging."
1581 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1584 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
1585 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
1588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1591 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
1595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1598 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
1599 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
1602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1604 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
1607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1610 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
1611 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
1612 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
1613 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
1614 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
1615 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
1616 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
1617 "description is not searched, only the package name and provided packages are."
1620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1623 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
1627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1630 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
1631 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
1634 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1637 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
1641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1644 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
1646 "<programlisting>\n"
1647 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1649 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1652 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
1653 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
1654 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
1655 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
1659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1662 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
1663 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
1664 "the generated list."
1667 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1670 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
1671 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1672 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
1673 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
1674 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
1675 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
1676 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
1677 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
1680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1683 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
1684 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
1685 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
1686 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
1689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1691 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
1694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1697 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
1698 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
1701 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1704 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
1706 "<programlisting>\n"
1707 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1712 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
1713 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
1714 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
1715 "selection of the named package."
1718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1721 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
1722 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
1723 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
1724 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
1725 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
1726 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
1727 "Architecture</literal>)."
1730 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1733 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
1734 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
1735 "pkgcache</literal>."
1738 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1741 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
1742 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
1743 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
1744 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
1745 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
1748 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1751 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1752 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1753 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
1754 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1760 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
1761 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
1762 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
1765 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1768 "Per default the <command>depends</command> and <command>rdepends</command> "
1769 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1770 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1771 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1772 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1775 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1778 "Per default <command>depends</command> and <command>rdepends</command> print "
1779 "only dependencies explicitly expressed in the metadata. With this flag it "
1780 "will also show dependencies implicitely added based on the encountered "
1781 "data. A <literal>Conflicts: foo</literal> e.g. expresses implicitely that "
1782 "this package also conflicts with the package foo from any other "
1783 "architecture. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::ShowImplicit</"
1787 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1790 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1791 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1797 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1798 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1799 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1800 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1801 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1802 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1808 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1809 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1810 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1813 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1816 "Only search on the package and provided package names, not the long "
1817 "descriptions. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1823 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1824 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1825 "AllNames</literal>."
1828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1831 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1832 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1833 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1839 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1840 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1841 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1846 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1852 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1858 msgid "APT key management utility"
1861 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1864 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
1865 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
1866 "keys will be considered trusted."
1869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1877 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
1878 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
1879 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
1882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1885 "It is critical that keys added manually via <command>apt-key</command> are "
1886 "verified to belong to the owner of the repositories they claim to be for "
1887 "otherwise the &apt-secure; infrastructure is completely undermined."
1890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1892 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
1895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1897 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
1900 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1902 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
1905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1907 msgid "List trusted keys."
1910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1912 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
1915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1918 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With <command>adv --recv-key</command> you can "
1919 "e.g. download key from keyservers directly into the the trusted set of keys. "
1920 "Note that there are <emphasis>no</emphasis> checks performed, so it is easy "
1921 "to completely undermine the &apt-secure; infrastructure if used without care."
1924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1927 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
1928 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
1929 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
1930 "distribution, e.g. the &keyring-package; package in &keyring-distro;."
1933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1936 "Perform an update working similarly to the <command>update</command> command "
1937 "above, but get the archive keyring from a URI instead and validate it "
1938 "against a master key. This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build "
1939 "configured to have a server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. "
1940 "APT in Debian does not support this command, relying on <command>update</"
1941 "command> instead, but Ubuntu's APT does."
1944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1945 #: apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml
1949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1952 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
1956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1959 "With this option it is possible to specify a particular keyring file the "
1960 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
1961 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
1962 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
1963 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
1967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1970 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
1971 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
1973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1975 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
1978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1980 msgid "&keyring-filename;"
1983 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1985 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive trusted keys."
1988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1990 msgid "&keyring-removed-filename;"
1993 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1995 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive removed trusted keys."
1998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2001 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
2002 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2004 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2006 msgid "show, set and unset various settings for a package"
2009 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2012 "<command>apt-mark</command> can be used as a unified front-end to set "
2013 "various settings for a package, such as marking a package as being "
2014 "automatically/manually installed or changing <command>dpkg</command> "
2015 "selections such as hold, install, deinstall and purge which are respected e."
2016 "g. by <command>apt-get dselect-upgrade</command> or <command>aptitude</"
2020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2022 msgid "Automatically and Manually Installed Packages"
2025 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2028 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
2029 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
2030 "being automatically installed, while the package you installed explicitly is "
2031 "marked as manually installed. Once an automatically installed package is no "
2032 "longer depended on by any manually installed package it is considered no "
2033 "longer needed and e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</"
2034 "command> will at least suggest removing them."
2037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2040 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
2041 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
2042 "installed packages depend on this package."
2045 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2048 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
2049 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
2050 "if no other packages depend on it."
2053 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2056 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
2057 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
2058 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
2059 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
2062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2065 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2066 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2067 "installed packages instead."
2070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2073 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2074 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
2075 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
2076 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
2079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2081 msgid "Prevent Changes for a Package"
2084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2087 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as held back, which will "
2088 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or removed."
2091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2094 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
2095 "package to allow all actions again."
2098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2101 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2102 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2105 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2107 msgid "Schedule Packages for Install, Remove and Purge"
2110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2113 "Some front-ends like <command>apt-get dselect-upgrade</command> can be used "
2114 "to apply previously scheduled changes to the install state of packages. Such "
2115 "changes can be scheduled with the <option>install</option>, <option>remove</"
2116 "option> (also known as <option>deinstall</option>) and <option>purge</"
2117 "option> commands. Packages with a specific selection can be displayed with "
2118 "<option>showinstall</option>, <option>showremove</option> and "
2119 "<option>showpurge</option> respectively. More information about these so "
2120 "called dpkg selections can be found in &dpkg;."
2123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2126 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2132 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2135 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2138 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>APT</command> contains code that does "
2139 "signature checking of the Release file for all repositories. This ensures "
2140 "that data like packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have "
2141 "no access to the Release file signing key."
2144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2147 "If an archive has an unsigned Release file or no Release file at all current "
2148 "APT versions will raise a warning in <command>update</command> operations "
2149 "and front-ends like <command>apt-get</command> will require explicit "
2150 "confirmation if an installation request includes a package from such an "
2151 "unauthenticated archive."
2154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2157 "In the future APT will refuse to work with unauthenticated repositories by "
2158 "default until support for them is removed entirely. Users have the option to "
2159 "opt-in to this behavior already by setting the configuration option "
2160 "<option>Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories</option> to <literal>false</"
2164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2167 "Note: All APT-based package management front-ends like &apt-get;, &aptitude; "
2168 "and &synaptic; support this authentication feature, so this manpage uses "
2169 "<literal>APT</literal> to refer to them all for simplicity only."
2172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2174 msgid "Trusted Repositories"
2177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2180 "The chain of trust from an APT archive to the end user is made up of several "
2181 "steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this chain; "
2182 "trusting an archive does not mean that you trust its packages not to contain "
2183 "malicious code, but means that you trust the archive maintainer. It's the "
2184 "archive maintainer's responsibility to ensure that the archive's integrity "
2188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2191 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2192 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2193 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2194 "packages respectively)."
2197 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2200 "The chain of trust in Debian starts (e.g.) when a maintainer uploads a new "
2201 "package or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. In order to "
2202 "become effective, this upload needs to be signed by a key contained in one "
2203 "of the Debian package maintainer keyrings (available in the debian-keyring "
2204 "package). Maintainers' keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-"
2205 "established procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder. Similar "
2206 "procedures exist in all Debian-based distributions."
2209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2212 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2213 "maintainer signature is stripped off, and checksums of the package are "
2214 "computed and put in the Packages file. The checksums of all of the Packages "
2215 "files are then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is "
2216 "then signed by the archive key for this &keyring-distro; release, and "
2217 "distributed alongside the packages and the Packages files on &keyring-"
2218 "distro; mirrors. The keys are in the &keyring-distro; archive keyring "
2219 "available in the &keyring-package; package."
2222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2225 "End users can check the signature of the Release file, extract a checksum of "
2226 "a package from it and compare it with the checksum of the package they "
2227 "downloaded by hand - or rely on APT doing this automatically."
2230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2233 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2234 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2237 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2240 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2241 "checking, malicious agents can introduce themselves into the package "
2242 "download process and provide malicious software either by controlling a "
2243 "network element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue "
2244 "server (through ARP or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2247 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2250 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2251 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
2252 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
2256 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2259 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the master server itself "
2260 "(which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to sign "
2261 "the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-package "
2265 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2267 msgid "User Configuration"
2270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2273 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
2274 "by APT to trust repositories. It can be used to add or remove keys as well "
2275 "as list the trusted keys. Limiting which key(s) are able to sign which "
2276 "archive is possible via the <option>Signed-By</option> in &sources-list;."
2279 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2282 "Note that a default installation already contains all keys to securely "
2283 "acquire packages from the default repositories, so fiddling with "
2284 "<command>apt-key</command> is only needed if third-party repositories are "
2288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2291 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
2292 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
2293 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
2294 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
2295 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
2299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2301 msgid "Archive Configuration"
2304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2307 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
2308 "maintenance you have to:"
2311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2314 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
2315 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
2316 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
2319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2322 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
2323 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
2324 "gpg Release</command>."
2327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2330 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, so that your users will "
2331 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
2332 "archive. It is best to ship your key in its own keyring package like "
2333 "&keyring-distro; does with &keyring-package; to be able to distribute "
2334 "updates and key transitions automatically later."
2337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2340 "<emphasis>Provide instructions on how to add your archive and key</"
2341 "emphasis>. If your users can't acquire your key securely the chain of trust "
2342 "described above is broken. How you can help users add your key depends on "
2343 "your archive and target audience ranging from having your keyring package "
2344 "included in another archive users already have configured (like the default "
2345 "repositories of their distribution) to leveraging the web of trust."
2348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2351 "Whenever the contents of the archive change (new packages are added or "
2352 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps outlined "
2356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2359 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
2360 "&debsign;, &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
2363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2366 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
2367 "\"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
2368 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual (also "
2369 "available in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
2370 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
2371 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
2374 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2376 msgid "Manpage Authors"
2379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2382 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
2383 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
2386 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2388 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
2391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2394 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
2395 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
2396 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
2397 "burns and verifying the index files."
2400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2403 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
2404 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
2405 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
2408 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2411 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
2412 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
2413 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
2414 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
2418 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2421 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
2422 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
2426 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2429 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
2433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2436 "Do not try to auto-detect the CD-ROM path. Usually combined with the "
2437 "<option>--cdrom</option> option. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
2438 "cdrom::AutoDetect</literal>."
2441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2444 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
2445 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
2446 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
2449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2452 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
2453 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
2454 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
2457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2460 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
2461 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
2462 "NoMount</literal>."
2465 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2468 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
2469 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
2470 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
2471 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
2474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2477 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
2478 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
2479 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
2482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2485 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
2486 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
2487 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
2490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2493 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
2494 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2499 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2505 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
2508 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2511 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
2512 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
2513 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
2514 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
2517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2520 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
2521 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
2522 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
2523 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
2527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
2532 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
2536 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2539 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
2540 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
2543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2546 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
2547 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
2548 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
2551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2553 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
2556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2559 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
2560 "empty to remove them from the output."
2563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
2565 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
2568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2571 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
2572 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
2573 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
2574 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
2575 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
2576 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
2579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2580 #: apt-config.8.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
2581 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
2589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2592 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
2598 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
2601 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
2603 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
2606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
2607 #: apt.conf.5.xml apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml
2611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2613 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
2616 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2619 "<filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file shared "
2620 "by all the tools in the APT suite of tools, though it is by no means the "
2621 "only place options can be set. The suite also shares a common command line "
2622 "parser to provide a uniform environment."
2625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
2628 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
2632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2635 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
2639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2642 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
2643 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
2644 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
2645 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
2646 "ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
2647 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will "
2648 "be silently ignored."
2651 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2654 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
2657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2660 "all options set in the binary specific configuration subtree are moved into "
2661 "the root of the tree."
2664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2667 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
2668 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
2671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2679 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
2680 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
2681 "notation; for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
2682 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
2683 "their parent groups."
2686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2689 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
2690 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
2691 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
2692 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
2693 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The "
2694 "quotation marks and trailing semicolon are required. The value must be on "
2695 "one line, and there is no kind of string concatenation. Values must not "
2696 "include backslashes or extra quotation marks. Option names are made up of "
2697 "alphanumeric characters and the characters \"/-:._+\". A new scope can be "
2698 "opened with curly braces, like this:"
2701 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2707 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
2708 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
2713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2716 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
2717 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
2718 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, separated by a semicolon."
2721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2724 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
2727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2730 "In general the sample configuration file &configureindex; is a good guide "
2731 "for how it should look."
2734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2737 "Case is not significant in names of configuration items, so in the previous "
2738 "example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
2741 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2744 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as can "
2745 "be seen in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. If "
2746 "you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
2747 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option in the same way as "
2748 "any other option by reassigning a new value to the option."
2751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2754 "Two special commands are defined: <literal>#include</literal> (which is "
2755 "deprecated and not supported by alternative implementations) and "
2756 "<literal>#clear</literal>. <literal>#include</literal> will include the "
2757 "given file, unless the filename ends in a slash, in which case the whole "
2758 "directory is included. <literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of "
2759 "the configuration tree. The specified element and all its descendants are "
2760 "erased. (Note that these lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
2763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2766 "The <literal>#clear</literal> command is the only way to delete a list or a "
2767 "complete scope. Reopening a scope (or using the syntax described below with "
2768 "an appended <literal>::</literal>) will <emphasis>not</emphasis> override "
2769 "previously written entries. Options can only be overridden by addressing a "
2770 "new value to them - lists and scopes can't be overridden, only cleared."
2773 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2776 "All of the APT tools take an -o option which allows an arbitrary "
2777 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
2778 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
2779 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
2780 "element to a list, add a trailing <literal>::</literal> to the name of the "
2781 "list. (As you might suspect, the scope syntax can't be used on the command "
2785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2788 "Note that appending items to a list using <literal>::</literal> only works "
2789 "for one item per line, and that you should not use it in combination with "
2790 "the scope syntax (which adds <literal>::</literal> implicitly). Using both "
2791 "syntaxes together will trigger a bug which some users unfortunately depend "
2792 "on: an option with the unusual name \"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts "
2793 "like every other option with a name. This introduces many problems; for one "
2794 "thing, users who write multiple lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> "
2795 "syntax in the hope of appending to a list will achieve the opposite, as only "
2796 "the last assignment for this option \"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. "
2797 "Future versions of APT will raise errors and stop working if they encounter "
2798 "this misuse, so please correct such statements now while APT doesn't "
2799 "explicitly complain about them."
2802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2804 msgid "The APT Group"
2807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2810 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
2811 "options for all of the tools."
2814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2817 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
2818 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
2822 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2825 "All Architectures the system supports. For instance, CPUs implementing the "
2826 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) "
2827 "instruction set are also able to execute binaries compiled for the "
2828 "<literal>i386</literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set. This list "
2829 "is used when fetching files and parsing package lists. The initial default "
2830 "is always the system's native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</"
2831 "literal>), and foreign architectures are added to the default list when they "
2832 "are registered via <command>dpkg --add-architecture</command>."
2835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2838 "List of all build profiles enabled for build-dependency resolution, without "
2839 "the \"<literal>profile.</literal>\" namespace prefix. By default this list "
2840 "is empty. The <envar>DEB_BUILD_PROFILES</envar> as used by &dpkg-"
2841 "buildpackage; overrides the list notation."
2844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2847 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version is "
2848 "available. Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: "
2849 "'stable', 'testing', 'unstable', '&debian-stable-codename;', '&debian-"
2850 "testing-codename;', '4.0', '5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
2853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2856 "Ignore held packages; this global option causes the problem resolver to "
2857 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
2860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2863 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
2864 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
2865 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
2866 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
2869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2872 "Defaults to on, which will cause APT to install essential and important "
2873 "packages as soon as possible in an install/upgrade operation, in order to "
2874 "limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call. If this option is disabled, APT "
2875 "treats an important package in the same way as an extra package: between the "
2876 "unpacking of the package A and its configuration there can be many other "
2877 "unpack or configuration calls for other unrelated packages B, C etc. If "
2878 "these cause the &dpkg; call to fail (e.g. because package B's maintainer "
2879 "scripts generate an error), this results in a system state in which package "
2880 "A is unpacked but unconfigured - so any package depending on A is now no "
2881 "longer guaranteed to work, as its dependency on A is no longer satisfied."
2884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2887 "The immediate configuration marker is also applied in the potentially "
2888 "problematic case of circular dependencies, since a dependency with the "
2889 "immediate flag is equivalent to a Pre-Dependency. In theory this allows APT "
2890 "to recognise a situation in which it is unable to perform immediate "
2891 "configuration, abort, and suggest to the user that the option should be "
2892 "temporarily deactivated in order to allow the operation to proceed. Note "
2893 "the use of the word \"theory\" here; in the real world this problem has "
2894 "rarely been encountered, in non-stable distribution versions, and was caused "
2895 "by wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an "
2896 "already broken state; so you should not blindly disable this option, as the "
2897 "scenario mentioned above is not the only problem it can help to prevent in "
2901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2904 "Before a big operation like <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> is run with this "
2905 "option disabled you should try to explicitly <literal>install</literal> the "
2906 "package APT is unable to configure immediately; but please make sure you "
2907 "also report your problem to your distribution and to the APT team with the "
2908 "buglink below, so they can work on improving or correcting the upgrade "
2912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2915 "Never enable this option unless you <emphasis>really</emphasis> know what "
2916 "you are doing. It permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to "
2917 "break a Conflicts/Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depends loop between two "
2918 "essential packages. <emphasis>Such a loop should never exist and is a grave "
2919 "bug</emphasis>. This option will work if the essential packages are not "
2920 "<command>tar</command>, <command>gzip</command>, <command>libc</command>, "
2921 "<command>dpkg</command>, <command>dash</command> or anything that those "
2922 "packages depend on."
2925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2928 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
2929 "the available information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint of "
2930 "the size the cache will grow to, and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
2931 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
2932 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT; otherwise it will "
2933 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
2934 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
2935 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
2936 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the cache size will be increased in the event "
2937 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. This "
2938 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
2939 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
2940 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
2941 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
2942 "automatic growth of the cache is disabled."
2945 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2947 msgid "Defines which packages are considered essential build dependencies."
2950 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2953 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool; please see its documentation "
2954 "for more information about the options here."
2957 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2960 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool; please see its "
2961 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2964 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2967 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool; please see its "
2968 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2971 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2973 msgid "The Acquire Group"
2976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2979 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
2980 "packages as well as the various \"acquire methods\" responsible for the "
2981 "download itself (see also &sources-list;)."
2984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2987 "Security related option defaulting to true, as giving a Release file's "
2988 "validation an expiration date prevents replay attacks over a long timescale, "
2989 "and can also for example help users to identify mirrors that are no longer "
2990 "updated - but the feature depends on the correctness of the clock on the "
2991 "user system. Archive maintainers are encouraged to create Release files with "
2992 "the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header, but if they don't or a stricter "
2993 "value is desired the <literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option below can be "
2994 "used. The <option>Check-Valid-Until</option> option of &sources-list; "
2995 "entries should be preferred to disable the check selectively instead of "
2996 "using this global override."
2999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3002 "Maximum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
3003 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
3004 "should be considered valid. If the Release file itself includes a "
3005 "<literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of the two is used as "
3006 "the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</literal> which stands "
3007 "for \"valid forever\". Archive specific settings can be made by appending "
3008 "the label of the archive to the option name. Preferably, the same can be "
3009 "achieved for specific &sources-list; entries by using the <option>Valid-"
3010 "Until-Max</option> option there."
3013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3016 "Minimum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
3017 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
3018 "should be considered valid. Use this if you need to use a seldom updated "
3019 "(local) mirror of a more frequently updated archive with a <literal>Valid-"
3020 "Until</literal> header instead of completely disabling the expiration date "
3021 "checking. Archive specific settings can and should be used by appending the "
3022 "label of the archive to the option name. Preferably, the same can be "
3023 "achieved for specific &sources-list; entries by using the <option>Valid-"
3024 "Until-Min</option> option there."
3027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3030 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for indexes (like "
3031 "<filename>Packages</filename> files) instead of downloading whole ones. True "
3032 "by default. Preferably, this can be set for specific &sources-list; entries "
3033 "or index files by using the <option>PDiffs</option> option there."
3036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3039 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: "
3040 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be used to specify a maximum number of "
3041 "PDiff files should be downloaded to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</"
3042 "literal> on the other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all "
3043 "patches compared to the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is "
3044 "exceeded the complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
3047 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3050 "Try to download indexes via an URI constructed from a hashsum of the "
3051 "expected file rather than downloaded via a well-known stable filename. True "
3052 "by default, but automatically disabled if the source indicates no support "
3053 "for it. Usage can be forced with the special value \"force\". Preferably, "
3054 "this can be set for specific &sources-list; entries or index files by using "
3055 "the <option>By-Hash</option> option there."
3058 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3061 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
3062 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
3063 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
3064 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
3065 "connection per URI type will be opened."
3068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3071 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
3072 "files the given number of times."
3075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3078 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
3079 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
3082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3085 "<literal>http::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for HTTP URIs. "
3086 "It is in the standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
3087 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
3088 "<literal>http::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
3089 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
3090 "settings is specified, <envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will "
3094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3097 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
3098 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy not to use its cached "
3099 "response under any circumstances. <literal>Max-Age</literal> sets the "
3100 "allowed maximum age (in seconds) of an index file in the cache of the "
3101 "proxy. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the proxy should not "
3102 "store the requested archive files in its cache, which can be used to prevent "
3103 "the proxy from polluting its cache with (big) .deb files."
3106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3109 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
3110 "method; this value applies to the connection as well as the data timeout."
3113 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3116 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
3117 "enable HTTP pipelining (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
3118 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are sent in a "
3119 "pipeline. APT tries to detect and workaround misbehaving webservers and "
3120 "proxies at runtime, but if you know that yours does not conform to the "
3121 "HTTP/1.1 specification pipelining can be disabled by setting the value to 0. "
3122 "It is enabled by default with the value 10."
3125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3128 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls whether APT will "
3129 "follow redirects, which is enabled by default."
3132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3135 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
3136 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobytes per second. The default "
3137 "value is 0 which deactivates the limit and tries to use all available "
3138 "bandwidth. Note that this option implicitly disables downloading from "
3139 "multiple servers at the same time."
3142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3145 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3146 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3147 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3153 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy-Auto-Detect</literal> can be used to specify "
3154 "an external command to discover the http proxy to use. Apt expects the "
3155 "command to output the proxy on stdout in the style <literal>http://proxy:"
3156 "port/</literal>. This will override the generic <literal>Acquire::http::"
3157 "Proxy</literal> but not any specific host proxy configuration set via "
3158 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy::$HOST</literal>. See the &squid-deb-proxy-"
3159 "client; package for an example implementation that uses avahi. This option "
3160 "takes precedence over the legacy option name <literal>ProxyAutoDetect</"
3164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3167 "The <literal>Cache-control</literal>, <literal>Timeout</literal>, "
3168 "<literal>AllowRedirect</literal>, <literal>Dl-Limit</literal> and "
3169 "<literal>proxy</literal> options work for HTTPS URIs in the same way as for "
3170 "the <literal>http</literal> method, and default to the same values if they "
3171 "are not explicitly set. The <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is not "
3175 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3178 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3179 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is the "
3180 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3181 "suboption determines whether or not the server's host certificate should be "
3182 "verified against trusted certificates. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</"
3183 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</"
3184 "literal> boolean suboption determines whether or not the server's hostname "
3185 "should be verified. <literal><host>::Verify-Host</literal> is the "
3186 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslCert</literal> determines what "
3187 "certificate to use for client authentication. <literal><host>::"
3188 "SslCert</literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslKey</"
3189 "literal> determines what private key to use for client authentication. "
3190 "<literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is the corresponding per-host "
3191 "option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides default SSL version to "
3192 "use. It can contain either of the strings '<literal>TLSv1</literal>' or "
3193 "'<literal>SSLv3</literal>'. <literal><host>::SslForceVersion</"
3194 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option."
3197 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3200 "<literal>ftp::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for FTP URIs. "
3201 "It is in the standard form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
3202 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
3203 "<literal>ftp::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
3204 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
3205 "settings is specified, <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be "
3206 "used. To use an FTP proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</"
3207 "literal> script in the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands "
3208 "to send to tell the proxy server what to connect to. Please see "
3209 "&configureindex; for an example of how to do this. The substitution "
3210 "variables representing the corresponding URI component are <literal>"
3211 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal>, <literal>"
3212 "$(SITE_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE)</"
3213 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal>."
3216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3219 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3220 "to leave passive mode on; it works in nearly every environment. However, "
3221 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode FTP used "
3222 "instead. This can be done globally or for connections that go through a "
3223 "proxy or for a specific host (see the sample config file for examples)."
3226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3229 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3230 "envar> environment variable to an HTTP URL - see the discussion of the http "
3231 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3232 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3238 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3239 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3240 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3241 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3242 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3248 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3254 "For URIs using the <literal>cdrom</literal> method, the only configurable "
3255 "option is the mount point, <literal>cdrom::Mount</literal>, which must be "
3256 "the mount point for the CD-ROM (or DVD, or whatever) drive as specified in "
3257 "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to provide alternate mount "
3258 "and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be listed in the fstab. The "
3259 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3260 "<literal>cdrom</literal> block. It is important to have the trailing slash. "
3261 "Unmount commands can be specified using UMount."
3264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3267 "For GPGV URIs the only configurable option is <literal>gpgv::Options</"
3268 "literal>, which passes additional parameters to gpgv."
3271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3274 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3280 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3281 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3282 "compression formats. By default the acquire methods can decompress "
3283 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3284 "command> compressed files; with this setting more formats can be added on "
3285 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3286 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3292 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3295 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3298 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3304 "Also, the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3305 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3306 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3307 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simply add the "
3308 "preferred type first - default types not already added will be implicitly "
3309 "appended to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3310 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3311 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3312 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3313 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this: "
3314 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3315 "<literal>bz2</literal> to the list explicitly as it will be added "
3319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3322 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3328 "Note that the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable></"
3329 "literal> will be checked at run time. If this option has been set, the "
3330 "method will only be used if this file exists; e.g. for the <literal>bzip2</"
3331 "literal> method (the inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout"
3332 "\" id=\"0\"/> Note also that list entries specified on the command line will "
3333 "be added at the end of the list specified in the configuration files, but "
3334 "before the default entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones "
3335 "specified in the configuration files you can set the option direct - not in "
3336 "list style. This will not override the defined list; it will only prefix "
3337 "the list with this type."
3340 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3343 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3344 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3345 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3351 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3352 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3353 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3354 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3357 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3360 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3361 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the description-"
3362 "translations. APT will try to display the first available description in the "
3363 "language which is listed first. Languages can be defined with their short or "
3364 "long language codes. Note that not all archives provide "
3365 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every language - the long "
3366 "language codes are especially rare."
3369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3372 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3378 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3379 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: it will be "
3380 "replaced at runtime with the language codes extracted from the "
3381 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3382 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3383 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3384 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3385 "force APT to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3386 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3387 "meaning code which will stop the search for a suitable "
3388 "<filename>Translation</filename> file. This tells APT to download these "
3389 "translations too, without actually using them unless the environment "
3390 "specifies the languages. So the following example configuration will result "
3391 "in the order \"en, de\" in an English locale or \"de, en\" in a German one. "
3392 "Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used unless APT is used in a French "
3393 "locale (where the order would be \"fr, de, en\"). <placeholder type="
3394 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
3397 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3400 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3401 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3402 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3403 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3406 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3408 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv4 protocol."
3411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3413 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv6 protocol."
3416 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3419 "The maximum file size of Release/Release.gpg/InRelease files. The default "
3423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3426 "This option controls if apt will use the DNS SRV server record as specified "
3427 "in RFC 2782 to select an alternative server to connect to. The default is "
3431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3434 "Allow the update operation to load data files from a repository without a "
3435 "trusted signature. If enabled this option no data files will be loaded and "
3436 "the update operation fails with a error for this source. The default is "
3437 "false for backward compatibility. This will be changed in the future."
3440 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3443 "Allow that a repository that was previously gpg signed to become unsigned "
3444 "durign a update operation. When there is no valid signature of a perviously "
3445 "trusted repository apt will refuse the update. This option can be used to "
3446 "override this protection. You almost certainly never want to enable this. "
3447 "The default is false. Note that apt will still consider packages from this "
3448 "source untrusted and warn about them if you try to install them."
3451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3459 "Acquiring changelogs can only be done if an URI is known from where to get "
3460 "them. Preferable the Release file indicates this in a 'Changelogs' field. "
3461 "If this isn't available the Label/Origin field of the Release file is used "
3462 "to check if a <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Label::<replaceable>LABEL</"
3463 "replaceable></literal> or <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Origin::"
3464 "<replaceable>ORIGIN</replaceable></literal> option exists and if so this "
3465 "value is taken. The value in the Release file can be overridden with "
3466 "<literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Override::Label::<replaceable>LABEL</"
3467 "replaceable></literal> or <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Override::"
3468 "Origin::<replaceable>ORIGIN</replaceable></literal>. The value should be a "
3469 "normal URI to a text file, except that package specific data is replaced "
3470 "with the placeholder <literal>@CHANGEPATH@</literal>. The value for it is: "
3471 "1. if the package is from a component (e.g. <literal>main</literal>) this "
3472 "is the first part otherwise it is omitted, 2. the first letter of source "
3473 "package name, except if the source package name starts with '<literal>lib</"
3474 "literal>' in which case it will be the first four letters. 3. The complete "
3475 "source package name. 4. the complete name again and 5. the source version. "
3476 "The first (if present), second, third and fourth part are separated by a "
3477 "slash ('<literal>/</literal>') and between the fourth and fifth part is an "
3478 "underscore ('<literal>_</literal>'). The special value '<literal>no</"
3479 "literal>' is available for this option indicating that this source can't be "
3480 "used to acquire changelog files from. Another source will be tried if "
3481 "available in this case."
3484 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3486 msgid "Binary specific configuration"
3489 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3492 "Especially with the introduction of the <command>apt</command> binary it can "
3493 "be useful to set certain options only for a specific binary as even options "
3494 "which look like they would effect only a certain binary like <option>APT::"
3495 "Get::Show-Versions</option> effect <command>apt-get</command> as well as "
3496 "<command>apt</command>."
3499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3502 "Setting an option for a specific binary only can be achieved by setting the "
3503 "option inside the <option>Binary::<replaceable>specific-binary</"
3504 "replaceable></option> scope. Setting the option <option>APT::Get::Show-"
3505 "Versions</option> for the <command>apt</command> only can e.g. by done by "
3506 "setting <option>Binary::apt::APT::Get::Show-Versions</option> instead."
3509 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3512 "Note that as seen in the DESCRIPTION section further above you can't set "
3513 "binary-specific options on the commandline itself nor in configuration files "
3514 "loaded via the commandline."
3517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3522 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3525 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3526 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3527 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3528 "&dpkg; status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3529 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3530 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub-items if they do not "
3531 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3537 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3538 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3539 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3540 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3541 "be turned off by setting <literal>pkgcache</literal> or "
3542 "<literal>srcpkgcache</literal> to <literal>\"\"</literal>. This will slow "
3543 "down startup but save disk space. It is probably preferable to turn off the "
3544 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3545 "the default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3551 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3552 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3553 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3554 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3555 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3558 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3561 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3562 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3563 "main config file is loaded."
3566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3569 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3570 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3571 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3572 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3573 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3574 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3580 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3581 "set, all paths will be relative to <literal>RootDir</literal>, "
3582 "<emphasis>even paths that are specified absolutely</emphasis>. So, for "
3583 "instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is set to <filename>/tmp/staging</"
3584 "filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</literal> is set to <filename>/var/"
3585 "lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the status file will be looked up in "
3586 "<filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>. If you want to "
3587 "prefix only relative paths, set <literal>Dir</literal> instead."
3590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3593 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3594 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3595 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3596 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3597 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3598 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3601 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3603 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3609 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3610 "control the default behavior. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3614 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3617 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of <literal>always</literal>, "
3618 "<literal>prompt</literal>, <literal>auto</literal>, <literal>pre-auto</"
3619 "literal> and <literal>never</literal>. <literal>always</literal> and "
3620 "<literal>prompt</literal> will remove all packages from the cache after "
3621 "upgrading, <literal>prompt</literal> (the default) does so conditionally. "
3622 "<literal>auto</literal> removes only those packages which are no longer "
3623 "downloadable (replaced with a new version for instance). <literal>pre-auto</"
3624 "literal> performs this action before downloading new packages."
3627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3630 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3631 "options when it is run for the install phase."
3634 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3637 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3638 "options when it is run for the update phase."
3641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3644 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
3645 "The default is to prompt only on error."
3648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3650 msgid "How APT calls &dpkg;"
3653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3656 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
3657 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
3660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3663 "This is a list of options to pass to &dpkg;. The options must be specified "
3664 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
3668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3671 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3672 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3673 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3674 "fail APT will abort."
3677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3680 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3681 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3682 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3683 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass the filenames of all .deb files it is "
3684 "going to install to the commands, one per line on the requested file "
3685 "descriptor, defaulting to standard input."
3688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3691 "Version 2 of this protocol sends more information through the requested file "
3692 "descriptor: a line with the text <literal>VERSION 2</literal>, the APT "
3693 "configuration space, and a list of package actions with filename and version "
3697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3700 "Each configuration directive line has the form <literal>key=value</"
3701 "literal>. Special characters (equal signs, newlines, nonprintable "
3702 "characters, quotation marks, and percent signs in <literal>key</literal> and "
3703 "newlines, nonprintable characters, and percent signs in <literal>value</"
3704 "literal>) are %-encoded. Lists are represented by multiple <literal>key::"
3705 "=value</literal> lines with the same key. The configuration section ends "
3706 "with a blank line."
3709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3712 "Package action lines consist of five fields in Version 2: package name "
3713 "(without architecture qualification even if foreign), old version, direction "
3714 "of version change (< for upgrades, > for downgrades, = for no change), "
3715 "new version, action. The version fields are \"-\" for no version at all (for "
3716 "example when installing a package for the first time; no version is treated "
3717 "as earlier than any real version, so that is an upgrade, indicated as "
3718 "<literal>- < 1.23.4</literal>). The action field is \"**CONFIGURE**\" if "
3719 "the package is being configured, \"**REMOVE**\" if it is being removed, or "
3720 "the filename of a .deb file if it is being unpacked."
3723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3726 "In Version 3 after each version field follows the architecture of this "
3727 "version, which is \"-\" if there is no version, and a field showing the "
3728 "MultiArch type \"same\", \"foreign\", \"allowed\" or \"none\". Note that "
3729 "\"none\" is an incorrect typename which is just kept to remain compatible, "
3730 "it should be read as \"no\" and users are encouraged to support both."
3733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3736 "The version of the protocol to be used for the command "
3737 "<literal><replaceable>cmd</replaceable></literal> can be chosen by setting "
3738 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::Version</"
3739 "literal> accordingly, the default being version 1. If APT isn't supporting "
3740 "the requested version it will send the information in the highest version it "
3741 "has support for instead."
3744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3747 "The file descriptor to be used to send the information can be requested with "
3748 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::InfoFD</"
3749 "literal> which defaults to <literal>0</literal> for standard input and is "
3750 "available since version 0.9.11. Support for the option can be detected by "
3751 "looking for the environment variable <envar>APT_HOOK_INFO_FD</envar> which "
3752 "contains the number of the used file descriptor as a confirmation."
3755 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3758 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking &dpkg;, the default is "
3759 "<filename>/</filename>."
3762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3765 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages; the "
3766 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
3769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3771 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
3774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3777 "APT can call &dpkg; in such a way as to let it make aggressive use of "
3778 "triggers over multiple calls of &dpkg;. Without further options &dpkg; will "
3779 "use triggers once each time it runs. Activating these options can therefore "
3780 "decrease the time needed to perform the install or upgrade. Note that it is "
3781 "intended to activate these options per default in the future, but as it "
3782 "drastically changes the way APT calls &dpkg; it needs a lot more testing. "
3783 "<emphasis>These options are therefore currently experimental and should not "
3784 "be used in production environments.</emphasis> It also breaks progress "
3785 "reporting such that all front-ends will currently stay around half (or more) "
3786 "of the time in the 100% state while it actually configures all packages."
3789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
3793 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
3794 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
3795 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
3796 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
3799 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3802 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
3803 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
3804 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
3805 "enough to help testing them, create a new configuration file and test a "
3806 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
3807 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
3808 "reports. Asking &dpkg; for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
3809 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
3810 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3813 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3816 "Add the no triggers flag to all &dpkg; calls (except the ConfigurePending "
3817 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
3818 "short: &dpkg; will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it "
3819 "is explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option "
3820 "exists (undocumented) also in older APT versions with a slightly different "
3821 "meaning: Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure "
3822 "calls to &dpkg; - now APT will also add this flag to the unpack and remove "
3826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3829 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
3830 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". The default value is \"<literal>all</literal>"
3831 "\", which causes APT to configure all packages. The \"<literal>smart</"
3832 "literal>\" way is to configure only packages which need to be configured "
3833 "before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends), and let the rest be "
3834 "configured by &dpkg; with a call generated by the ConfigurePending option "
3835 "(see below). On the other hand, \"<literal>no</literal>\" will not configure "
3836 "anything, and totally relies on &dpkg; for configuration (which at the "
3837 "moment will fail if a Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to "
3838 "any value other than <literal>all</literal> will implicitly also activate "
3839 "the next option by default, as otherwise the system could end in an "
3840 "unconfigured and potentially unbootable state."
3843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3846 "If this option is set APT will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
3847 "command> to let &dpkg; handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
3848 "option is activated automatically per default if the previous option is not "
3849 "set to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating it could be useful if you "
3850 "want to run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these "
3851 "sceneries you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
3854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3857 "Useful for the <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
3858 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal>, and "
3859 "&dpkg; treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a "
3860 "showstopper for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will "
3861 "process all triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
3864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3868 "OrderList::Score {\n"
3870 "\tEssential 200;\n"
3872 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
3876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3879 "Essential packages (and their dependencies) should be configured immediately "
3880 "after unpacking. It is a good idea to do this quite early in the upgrade "
3881 "process as these configure calls also currently require <literal>DPkg::"
3882 "TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers (which may not "
3883 "be needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the immediate flag "
3884 "is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is rated higher). "
3885 "These option and the others in the same group can be used to change the "
3886 "scoring. The following example shows the settings with their default "
3887 "values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3892 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
3895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3898 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
3899 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by the "
3900 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See the top of this script "
3901 "for the brief documentation of these options."
3904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3906 msgid "Debug options"
3909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3912 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
3913 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
3914 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
3915 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
3916 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
3920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3923 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
3924 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
3928 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3931 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
3932 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
3933 "literal>) as a non-root user."
3936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3939 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
3940 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
3944 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
3946 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3949 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
3953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3955 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
3958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3961 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
3964 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3966 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
3969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3971 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
3974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3976 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
3979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3982 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
3983 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
3986 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3989 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
3990 "stored on CD-ROMs."
3993 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3995 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
3998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4001 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
4002 "literal> libraries."
4005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4008 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
4009 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
4013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4016 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
4017 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
4020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4022 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
4025 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4028 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
4029 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
4032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4035 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
4036 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
4039 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4042 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
4043 "index diffs instead of full indices."
4046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4049 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
4052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4055 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
4056 "the removal of unused packages."
4059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4062 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
4063 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
4064 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
4065 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
4066 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
4069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4072 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are marked as keep/install/"
4073 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
4074 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional "
4075 "spaces under the original entry. The format for each line is "
4076 "<literal>MarkKeep</literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or "
4077 "<literal>MarkInstall</literal> followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -"
4078 "> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is "
4079 "the current version of the package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version "
4080 "considered for installation and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, "
4081 "but not considered for installation (because of a low pin score). The later "
4082 "two can be omitted if there is none or if it is the same as the installed "
4083 "version. <literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package "
4087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4090 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
4091 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
4094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4097 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
4098 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
4101 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4104 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
4105 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
4108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4111 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
4114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4116 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
4119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4122 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
4123 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
4126 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4129 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
4130 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
4131 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
4134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4137 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
4141 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4144 "Display the external commands that are called by apt hooks. This includes e."
4145 "g. the config options <literal>DPkg::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal> or "
4146 "<literal>APT::Update::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal>."
4149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4150 #: apt.conf.5.xml apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
4155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4158 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
4162 #. ? reading apt.conf
4163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4166 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
4167 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4170 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4172 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
4173 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
4175 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4176 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4179 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4180 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4181 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4184 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4185 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4189 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4192 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4193 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4194 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4195 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4196 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4197 "priority for installation. The APT preferences override the priorities that "
4198 "APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the user control "
4199 "over which one is selected for installation."
4201 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4202 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4203 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4204 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4205 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4206 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4207 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4208 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4209 "selecionada para instalação."
4211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4212 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4215 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4216 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4217 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4218 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences do not affect the choice of "
4219 "instance, only the choice of version."
4221 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4222 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4223 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4224 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4225 "a escolha da instância."
4227 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4228 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4230 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4231 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4232 "not question the preferences, so wrong settings can lead to uninstallable "
4233 "packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even more problems "
4234 "will arise if multiple distribution releases are mixed without a good "
4235 "understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a specific "
4236 "release aren't tested in (and therefore don't always work as expected in) "
4237 "older or newer releases, or together with other packages from different "
4238 "releases. You have been warned."
4241 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4242 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4244 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4245 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4246 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4247 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4248 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4249 "that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the "
4250 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which "
4251 "case it will be silently ignored."
4254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4255 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4257 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4258 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4261 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4263 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4265 "<programlisting>\n"
4266 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4268 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4269 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4271 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4273 "<programlisting>\n"
4274 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4277 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4280 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4281 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4282 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4283 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4284 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4285 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4286 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4287 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4288 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4289 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4290 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4292 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4293 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4294 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4295 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4296 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4297 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4298 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4299 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4302 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4305 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4306 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
4308 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4309 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4313 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4316 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4319 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4321 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4322 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4323 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4324 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4328 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4330 msgid "priority 100"
4331 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4333 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4334 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4336 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4337 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4338 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4339 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4342 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4343 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4345 msgid "priority 500"
4346 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4349 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4351 msgid "to the versions that do not belong to the target release."
4353 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4356 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4358 msgid "priority 990"
4359 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4362 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4364 msgid "to the versions that belong to the target release."
4366 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4368 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4369 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4371 "The highest of those priorities whose description matches the version is "
4372 "assigned to the version."
4375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4376 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4379 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4380 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4381 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4382 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4383 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4384 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4386 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4387 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4388 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4391 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4394 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4395 "determine which version of a package to install."
4397 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4398 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4401 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4404 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4405 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4406 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4407 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4408 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4410 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4411 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4412 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4413 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4414 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4415 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4417 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4418 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4420 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4421 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4424 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4427 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4428 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4430 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4431 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4434 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4437 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4438 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4439 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4441 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4442 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4443 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4446 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4449 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4450 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4451 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4452 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4453 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4455 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4456 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4457 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4458 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4459 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4463 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4466 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4467 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4468 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4469 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4471 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4472 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4473 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4474 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4475 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4478 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4481 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4482 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4483 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4484 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4485 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4486 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4487 "than the installed version."
4489 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4490 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4491 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4492 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4493 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4494 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4495 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4498 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4500 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4501 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4504 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4507 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4508 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4509 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4510 "specific form and a general form."
4512 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4513 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4514 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4515 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4518 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4521 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4522 "specified packages with a specified version or version range. For example, "
4523 "the following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4524 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4525 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by "
4528 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4529 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4530 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4531 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4532 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4535 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4539 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4540 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4542 "<programlisting>\n"
4544 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4545 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4547 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4548 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4551 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4552 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4553 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4554 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4555 "fully qualified domain name."
4557 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4558 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4559 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4560 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4561 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4564 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4567 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4568 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4569 "all package versions available from the local site."
4571 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4572 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4573 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4577 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4581 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4582 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4584 "<programlisting>\n"
4586 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4587 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4590 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4592 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4593 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4594 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4595 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4599 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4603 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4604 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4606 "<programlisting>\n"
4608 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4609 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4612 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4615 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4616 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4617 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4618 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4621 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4622 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4623 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4624 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4625 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4626 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4629 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4632 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4633 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4636 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4637 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4638 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4641 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4645 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4646 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4648 "<programlisting>\n"
4650 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4651 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4654 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4657 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4658 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&debian-testing-"
4659 "codename;</literal>\"."
4661 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4662 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4663 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4666 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4670 "Pin: release n=&debian-testing-codename;\n"
4671 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4673 "<programlisting>\n"
4675 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4676 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4679 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4682 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4683 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4684 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>&debian-stable-version;</"
4687 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4688 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4689 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4692 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4693 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4697 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&debian-stable-version;\n"
4698 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4700 "<programlisting>\n"
4702 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
4703 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4706 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4708 "The effect of the comma operator is similar to an \"and\" in logic: All "
4709 "conditions must be satisfied for the pin to match. There is one exception: "
4710 "For any type of condition (such as two \"a\" conditions), only the last such "
4711 "condition is checked."
4714 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4715 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4716 msgid "Regular expressions and &glob; syntax"
4719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4720 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4722 "APT also supports pinning by &glob; expressions, and regular expressions "
4723 "surrounded by slashes. For example, the following example assigns the "
4724 "priority 500 to all packages from experimental where the name starts with "
4725 "gnome (as a &glob;-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX "
4726 "extended regular expression surrounded by slashes)."
4729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4730 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4733 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4734 "Pin: release a=experimental\n"
4735 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4737 "<programlisting>\n"
4739 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4740 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4743 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4745 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4746 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4747 "packages from a release starting with &ubuntu-codename;."
4750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4751 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4755 "Pin: release n=&ubuntu-codename;*\n"
4756 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4758 "<programlisting>\n"
4760 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4761 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4764 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4766 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4767 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4768 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4769 "the future; thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4770 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4771 "Package field is not considered a &glob; expression in itself."
4774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4775 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4777 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
4778 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
4780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4781 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4784 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
4785 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
4787 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
4788 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
4789 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
4791 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4792 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4793 msgid "P >= 1000"
4794 msgstr "P >= 1000"
4796 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4797 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4800 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
4803 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
4804 "dowgrade do pacote"
4806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4807 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4808 msgid "990 <= P < 1000"
4809 msgstr "990 <= P < 1000"
4811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4812 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4815 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
4816 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
4818 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
4819 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4822 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4823 msgid "500 <= P < 990"
4824 msgstr "500 <= P < 990"
4826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4827 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4830 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4831 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
4833 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4834 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4837 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4838 msgid "100 <= P < 500"
4839 msgstr "100 <= P < 500"
4841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4842 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4845 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4846 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
4848 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4849 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
4852 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4853 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4854 msgid "0 < P < 100"
4855 msgstr "0 < P < 100"
4857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4858 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4861 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
4864 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
4865 "instalada do pacote"
4867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4868 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4873 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4875 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
4876 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
4878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4879 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4884 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4885 msgid "has undefined behaviour, do not use it."
4888 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4889 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4892 "The first specific-form record matching an available package version "
4893 "determines the priority of the package version. Failing that, the priority "
4894 "of the package is defined as the maximum of all priorities defined by "
4895 "generic-form records matching the version. Records defined using patterns "
4896 "in the Pin field other than \"*\" are treated like specific-form records."
4898 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
4899 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
4900 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
4901 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
4902 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
4903 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
4905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4906 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4909 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
4910 "presented earlier:"
4912 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
4913 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
4915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4916 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4920 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4921 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4924 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4925 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4928 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4929 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4931 "<programlisting>\n"
4933 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4934 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4937 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4938 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4941 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4942 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4945 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4950 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4953 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
4954 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
4955 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> &good-perl;"
4956 "* version of <literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version "
4957 "is &bad-perl;*, then <literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
4959 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
4960 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
4961 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
4962 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
4963 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
4965 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4966 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4969 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
4970 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
4971 "versions belonging to the target release."
4973 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
4974 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
4975 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
4977 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4978 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4981 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
4982 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
4983 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
4984 "and no version of the package is already installed."
4986 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
4987 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
4988 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
4989 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
4992 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4993 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4995 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
4996 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
4998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4999 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5002 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
5003 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
5004 "describe the packages available at that location."
5006 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
5007 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
5008 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
5010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5011 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5014 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5015 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
5016 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
5017 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
5018 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
5019 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
5020 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5022 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
5023 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
5024 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
5025 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
5026 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
5027 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
5028 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
5031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5032 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5034 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
5035 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
5037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5038 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5040 msgid "gives the package name"
5041 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
5043 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5044 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5046 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
5047 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
5049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5050 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5052 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
5053 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
5055 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5056 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5059 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5060 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
5061 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
5062 "dists/&debian-stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single "
5063 "multi-line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages "
5064 "in the directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</"
5065 "filename> file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> "
5066 "file are relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5068 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
5069 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
5070 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
5071 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
5072 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
5073 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
5074 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
5075 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
5078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5079 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5081 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
5082 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
5084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5085 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5088 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5089 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
5090 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5091 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
5092 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
5095 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5096 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5097 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5098 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5099 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5100 "requerer a linha :"
5102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5103 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5105 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5107 "<programlisting>\n"
5108 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5111 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5113 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
5114 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5117 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5120 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5121 "For example, the line \"Codename: &debian-testing-codename;\" specifies that "
5122 "all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5123 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named <literal>&debian-"
5124 "testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT preferences "
5125 "file would require the line:"
5127 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5128 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5129 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5130 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5131 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5132 "requerer a linha :"
5134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5135 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5137 msgid "Pin: release n=&debian-testing-codename;\n"
5139 "<programlisting>\n"
5140 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5143 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5146 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
5147 "belong to Debian release version &debian-stable-version;. Note that there "
5148 "is normally no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and "
5149 "<literal>unstable</literal> distributions because they have not been "
5150 "released yet. Specifying this in the APT preferences file would require one "
5151 "of the following lines."
5153 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
5154 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
5155 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
5156 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
5157 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
5160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5161 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5164 "Pin: release v=&debian-stable-version;\n"
5165 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&debian-stable-version;\n"
5166 "Pin: release &debian-stable-version;\n"
5168 "<programlisting>\n"
5169 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5170 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
5171 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5174 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5176 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
5177 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5179 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5180 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5183 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5184 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5185 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5186 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5187 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5188 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5190 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5191 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5192 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5193 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5194 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5195 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5196 "requerer a linha :"
5198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5199 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5201 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5203 "<programlisting>\n"
5204 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5206 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5207 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5209 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5210 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5212 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5213 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5216 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5217 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5218 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5221 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5222 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5223 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5224 "requerer a linha :"
5226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5227 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5229 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5231 "<programlisting>\n"
5232 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5235 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5237 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5238 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5240 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5241 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5244 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5245 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5246 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5249 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5250 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5251 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5253 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5254 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5256 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5258 "<programlisting>\n"
5259 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5262 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5265 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5266 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5267 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5268 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5269 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5270 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5271 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5272 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5273 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5274 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5276 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5277 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5278 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5279 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5280 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5281 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5282 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5283 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5284 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5285 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5288 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5290 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5291 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5294 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5297 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5298 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5299 "provides a place for comments."
5301 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5302 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5303 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5306 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5308 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5309 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5312 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5315 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5316 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5318 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5319 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5322 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5323 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5325 "<programlisting>\n"
5326 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5327 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5329 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5330 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5333 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5334 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5336 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5337 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5340 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5341 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5342 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5343 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5344 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5346 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5347 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5348 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5349 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5350 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5353 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5356 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5358 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5360 "<programlisting>\n"
5361 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5363 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5365 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5366 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5369 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5370 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5371 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5374 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5375 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5376 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5379 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5381 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5383 "<programlisting>\n"
5384 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5386 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5387 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5390 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5391 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5392 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5393 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5395 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5396 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5397 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5400 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5402 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5403 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5406 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5410 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5411 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5414 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5415 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5418 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5419 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5421 "<programlisting>\n"
5423 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5424 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5427 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5428 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5431 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5432 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5435 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5438 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5439 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5440 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5441 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5442 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5443 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5445 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5446 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5447 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5448 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5449 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5452 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5455 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5456 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5457 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5460 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5461 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para "
5462 "a(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5465 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5467 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5469 "<programlisting>\n"
5470 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5473 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5476 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5477 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5478 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5479 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5480 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5481 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5482 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5484 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5485 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5486 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5487 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5488 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5489 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5490 "recente que a versão instalada."
5492 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5493 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5494 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5498 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5501 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5502 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &debian-testing-codename; or sid\n"
5504 "Pin: release n=&debian-testing-codename;\n"
5505 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5507 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5509 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5510 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5513 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5514 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5516 "<programlisting>\n"
5517 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5518 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5520 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5521 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5524 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5525 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5528 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5530 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5531 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5532 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5533 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5534 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5535 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5536 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5537 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5538 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5539 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5542 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5543 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5546 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5547 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5548 "the release codenamed with <literal>&debian-testing-codename;</literal>. "
5549 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5551 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5552 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5553 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5555 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5556 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5558 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5560 "<programlisting>\n"
5561 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5564 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5567 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5568 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5569 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5570 "recent <literal>&debian-testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more "
5571 "recent than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent "
5572 "<literal>sid</literal> version if that is more recent than the installed "
5573 "version. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5575 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5576 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5577 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5578 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5579 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5580 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5581 "recente que a versão instalada."
5583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5584 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5586 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5587 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5590 #: sources.list.5.xml
5591 msgid "List of configured APT data sources"
5594 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5595 #: sources.list.5.xml
5597 "The source list <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> and the files "
5598 "contained in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename> are designed to "
5599 "support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The "
5600 "files list one source per line (one-line style) or contain multiline stanzas "
5601 "defining one or more sources per stanza (deb822 style), with the most "
5602 "preferred source listed first (in case a single version is available from "
5603 "more than one source). The information available from the configured sources "
5604 "is acquired by <command>apt-get update</command> (or by an equivalent "
5605 "command from another APT front-end)."
5608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5609 #: sources.list.5.xml
5610 msgid "sources.list.d"
5613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5614 #: sources.list.5.xml
5616 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5617 "add sources.list entries in separate files. Two different file formats are "
5618 "allowed as described in the next two sections. Filenames need to have "
5619 "either the extension <filename>.list</filename> or <filename>.sources</"
5620 "filename> depending on the contained format. The filenames may only contain "
5621 "letters (a-z and A-Z), digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period "
5622 "(.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a "
5623 "file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-"
5624 "Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will be silently "
5628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5629 #: sources.list.5.xml
5630 msgid "One-Line-Style Format"
5633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5634 #: sources.list.5.xml
5636 "Files in this format have the extension <filename>.list</filename>. Each "
5637 "line specifying a source starts with a type (e.g. <literal>deb-src</"
5638 "literal>) followed by options and arguments for this type. Individual "
5639 "entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines are ignored, "
5640 "and a <literal>#</literal> character anywhere on a line marks the remainder "
5641 "of that line as a comment. Consequently an entry can be disabled by "
5642 "commenting out the entire line. If options should be provided they are "
5643 "separated by spaces and all of them together are enclosed by square brackets "
5644 "(<literal>[]</literal>) included in the line after the type separated from "
5645 "it with a space. If an option allows multiple values these are separated "
5646 "from each other with a comma (<literal>,</literal>). An option name is "
5647 "separated from its value(s) by an equals sign (<literal>=</literal>). "
5648 "Multivalue options also have <literal>-=</literal> and <literal>+=</literal> "
5649 "as separators, which instead of replacing the default with the given "
5650 "value(s) modify the default value(s) to remove or include the given values."
5653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5654 #: sources.list.5.xml
5656 "This is the traditional format and supported by all apt versions. Note that "
5657 "not all options as described below are supported by all apt versions. Note "
5658 "also that some older applications parsing this format on their own might not "
5659 "expect to encounter options as they were uncommon before the introduction of "
5660 "multi-architecture support."
5663 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5664 #: sources.list.5.xml
5665 msgid "deb822-Style Format"
5668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5669 #: sources.list.5.xml
5671 "Files in this format have the extension <filename>.sources</filename>. The "
5672 "format is similar in syntax to other files used by Debian and its "
5673 "derivatives, such as the metadata files that apt will download from the "
5674 "configured sources or the <filename>debian/control</filename> file in a "
5675 "Debian source package. Individual entries are separated by an empty line; "
5676 "additional empty lines are ignored, and a <literal>#</literal> character at "
5677 "the start of the line marks the entire line as a comment. An entry can hence "
5678 "be disabled by commenting out each line belonging to the stanza, but it is "
5679 "usually easier to add the field \"Enabled: no\" to the stanza to disable the "
5680 "entry. Removing the field or setting it to yes reenables it. Options have "
5681 "the same syntax as every other field: A fieldname separated by a colon "
5682 "(<literal>:</literal>) and optionally spaces from its value(s). Note "
5683 "especially that multiple values are separated by spaces, not by commas as in "
5684 "the one-line format. Multivalue fields like <literal>Architectures</literal> "
5685 "also have <literal>Architectures-Add</literal> and <literal>Architectures-"
5686 "Remove</literal> to modify the default value rather than replacing it."
5689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5690 #: sources.list.5.xml
5692 "This is a new format supported by apt itself since version 1.1. Previous "
5693 "versions ignore such files with a notice message as described earlier. It "
5694 "is intended to make this format gradually the default format, deprecating "
5695 "the previously described one-line-style format, as it is easier to create, "
5696 "extend and modify for humans and machines alike especially if a lot of "
5697 "sources and/or options are involved. Developers who are working with and/or "
5698 "parsing apt sources are highly encouraged to add support for this format and "
5699 "to contact the APT team to coordinate and share this work. Users can freely "
5700 "adopt this format already, but may encounter problems with software not "
5701 "supporting the format yet."
5704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5705 #: sources.list.5.xml
5706 msgid "The deb and deb-src Types: General Format"
5709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5710 #: sources.list.5.xml
5712 "The <literal>deb</literal> type references a typical two-level Debian "
5713 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. The "
5714 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally a suite name like "
5715 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5716 "<literal>&debian-stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&debian-testing-"
5717 "codename;</literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal>, "
5718 "<literal>contrib</literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-"
5719 "src</literal> type references a Debian distribution's source code in the "
5720 "same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> "
5721 "line is required to fetch source indexes."
5724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5725 #: sources.list.5.xml
5727 "The format for two one-line-style entries using the <literal>deb</literal> "
5728 "and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5732 #: sources.list.5.xml
5735 "deb [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]\n"
5736 "deb-src [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]"
5739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5740 #: sources.list.5.xml
5743 " Types: deb deb-src\n"
5746 " Components: [component1] [component2] [...]\n"
5747 " option1: value1\n"
5748 " option2: value2\n"
5752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5753 #: sources.list.5.xml
5755 "Alternatively the equivalent entry in deb822 style looks like this: "
5756 "<placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
5759 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5760 #: sources.list.5.xml
5762 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5763 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5764 "<literal>suite</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5765 "components must be omitted and <literal>suite</literal> must end with a "
5766 "slash (<literal>/</literal>). This is useful for the case when only a "
5767 "particular sub-directory of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. "
5768 "If <literal>suite</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one "
5769 "<literal>component</literal> must be present."
5772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5773 #: sources.list.5.xml
5775 "<literal>suite</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)</"
5776 "literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (such as <literal>amd64</"
5777 "literal> or <literal>armel</literal>) used on the system. This permits "
5778 "architecture-independent <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. "
5779 "In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path; "
5780 "<literal>APT</literal> will automatically generate a URI with the current "
5781 "architecture otherwise."
5784 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5785 #: sources.list.5.xml
5787 "Especially in the one-line-style format since only one distribution can be "
5788 "specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for the same "
5789 "URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at that "
5790 "location is desired. APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a "
5791 "complete set internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same "
5792 "Internet host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not "
5793 "inefficiently establish a connection, close it, do something else, and then "
5794 "re-establish a connection to that same host. APT also parallelizes "
5795 "connections to different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low "
5799 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5800 #: sources.list.5.xml
5802 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5803 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5804 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5805 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5808 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5809 #: sources.list.5.xml
5811 msgid "&sourceslist-list-format;"
5814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5815 #: sources.list.5.xml
5817 msgid "&sourceslist-sources-format;"
5820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5821 #: sources.list.5.xml
5823 "As an example, the sources for your distribution could look like this in one-"
5824 "line-style format: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or like "
5825 "this in deb822 style format: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"1\"/>"
5828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5829 #: sources.list.5.xml
5830 msgid "The deb and deb-src types: Options"
5833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5834 #: sources.list.5.xml
5836 "Each source entry can have options specified to modify which source is "
5837 "accessed and how data is acquired from it. Format, syntax and names of the "
5838 "options vary between the one-line-style and deb822-style formats as "
5839 "described, but they both have the same options available. For simplicity we "
5840 "list the deb822 fieldname and provide the one-line name in brackets. "
5841 "Remember that besides setting multivalue options explicitly, there is also "
5842 "the option to modify them based on the default, but we aren't listing those "
5843 "names explicitly here. Unsupported options are silently ignored by all APT "
5847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5848 #: sources.list.5.xml
5850 "<option>Architectures</option> (<option>arch</option>) is a multivalue "
5851 "option defining for which architectures information should be downloaded. If "
5852 "this option isn't set the default is all architectures as defined by the "
5853 "<option>APT::Architectures</option> config option."
5856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5857 #: sources.list.5.xml
5859 "<option>Languages</option> (<option>lang</option>) is a multivalue option "
5860 "defining for which languages information such as translated package "
5861 "descriptions should be downloaded. If this option isn't set the default is "
5862 "all languages as defined by the <option>Acquire::Languages</option> config "
5866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5867 #: sources.list.5.xml
5869 "<option>Targets</option> (<option>target</option>) is a multivalue option "
5870 "defining which download targets apt will try to acquire from this source. If "
5871 "not specified, the default set is defined by the <option>Acquire::"
5872 "IndexTargets</option> configuration scope (targets are specified by their "
5873 "name in the <literal>Created-By</literal> field). Additionally, targets can "
5874 "be enabled or disabled by using the <literal>Identifier</literal> field as "
5875 "an option with a boolean value instead of using this multivalue option."
5878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5879 #: sources.list.5.xml
5881 "<option>PDiffs</option> (<option>pdiffs</option>) is a yes/no value which "
5882 "controls if APT should try to use PDiffs to update old indexes instead of "
5883 "downloading the new indexes entirely. The value of this option is ignored if "
5884 "the repository doesn't announce the availability of PDiffs. Defaults to the "
5885 "value of the option with the same name for a specific index file defined in "
5886 "the <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</option> scope, which itself defaults to "
5887 "the value of configuration option <option>Acquire::PDiffs</option> which "
5888 "defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5892 #: sources.list.5.xml
5894 "<option>By-Hash</option> (<option>by-hash</option>) can have the value "
5895 "<literal>yes</literal>, <literal>no</literal> or <literal>force</literal> "
5896 "and controls if APT should try to acquire indexes via a URI constructed from "
5897 "a hashsum of the expected file instead of using the well-known stable "
5898 "filename of the index. Using this can avoid hashsum mismatches, but requires "
5899 "a supporting mirror. A <literal>yes</literal> or <literal>no</literal> value "
5900 "activates/disables the use of this feature if this source indicates support "
5901 "for it, while <literal>force</literal> will enable the feature regardless of "
5902 "what the source indicates. Defaults to the value of the option of the same "
5903 "name for a specific index file defined in the <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</"
5904 "option> scope, which itself defaults to the value of configuration option "
5905 "<option>Acquire::By-Hash</option> which defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5908 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5909 #: sources.list.5.xml
5911 "Furthermore, there are options which if set affect <emphasis>all</emphasis> "
5912 "sources with the same URI and Suite, so they have to be set on all such "
5913 "entries and can not be varied between different components. APT will try to "
5914 "detect and error out on such anomalies."
5917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5918 #: sources.list.5.xml
5920 "<option>Trusted</option> (<option>trusted</option>) is a tri-state value "
5921 "which defaults to APT deciding if a source is considered trusted or if "
5922 "warnings should be raised before e.g. packages are installed from this "
5923 "source. This option can be used to override that decision. The value "
5924 "<literal>yes</literal> tells APT always to consider this source as trusted, "
5925 "even if it doesn't pass authentication checks. It disables parts of &apt-"
5926 "secure;, and should therefore only be used in a local and trusted context "
5927 "(if at all) as otherwise security is breached. The value <literal>no</"
5928 "literal> does the opposite, causing the source to be handled as untrusted "
5929 "even if the authentication checks passed successfully. The default value "
5930 "can't be set explicitly."
5933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5934 #: sources.list.5.xml
5936 "<option>Signed-By</option> (<option>signed-by</option>) is either an "
5937 "absolute path to a keyring file (has to be accessible and readable for the "
5938 "<literal>_apt</literal> user, so ensure everyone has read-permissions on the "
5939 "file) or one or more fingerprints of keys either in the <filename>trusted."
5940 "gpg</filename> keyring or in the keyrings in the <filename>trusted.gpg.d/</"
5941 "filename> directory (see <command>apt-key fingerprint</command>). If the "
5942 "option is set, only the key(s) in this keyring or only the keys with these "
5943 "fingerprints are used for the &apt-secure; verification of this repository. "
5944 "Defaults to the value of the option with the same name if set in the "
5945 "previously acquired <filename>Release</filename> file. Otherwise all keys "
5946 "in the trusted keyrings are considered valid signers for this repository."
5949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5950 #: sources.list.5.xml
5952 "<option>Check-Valid-Until</option> (<option>check-valid-until</option>) is "
5953 "a yes/no value which controls if APT should try to detect replay attacks. A "
5954 "repository creator can declare a time until which the data provided in the "
5955 "repository should be considered valid, and if this time is reached, but no "
5956 "new data is provided, the data is considered expired and an error is "
5957 "raised. Besides increasing security, as a malicious attacker can't send old "
5958 "data forever to prevent a user from upgrading to a new version, this also "
5959 "helps users identify mirrors which are no longer updated. However, some "
5960 "repositories such as historic archives are not updated any more by design, "
5961 "so this check can be disabled by setting this option to <literal>no</"
5962 "literal>. Defaults to the value of configuration option <option>Acquire::"
5963 "Check-Valid-Until</option> which itself defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5966 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5967 #: sources.list.5.xml
5969 "<option>Valid-Until-Min</option> (<option>valid-until-min</option>) and "
5970 "<option>Valid-Until-Max</option> (<option>valid-until-max</option>) can be "
5971 "used to raise or lower the time period in seconds in which the data from "
5972 "this repository is considered valid. -Max can be especially useful if the "
5973 "repository provides no Valid-Until field on its Release file to set your own "
5974 "value, while -Min can be used to increase the valid time on seldom updated "
5975 "(local) mirrors of a more frequently updated but less accessible archive "
5976 "(which is in the sources.list as well) instead of disabling the check "
5977 "entirely. Default to the value of the configuration options "
5978 "<option>Acquire::Min-ValidTime</option> and <option>Acquire::Max-ValidTime</"
5979 "option> which are both unset by default."
5982 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5983 #: sources.list.5.xml
5984 msgid "URI Specification"
5987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5988 #: sources.list.5.xml
5989 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
5992 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5993 #: sources.list.5.xml
5995 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5996 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
6000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6001 #: sources.list.5.xml
6003 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
6004 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
6007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6008 #: sources.list.5.xml
6010 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
6011 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
6012 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
6013 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
6014 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
6018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6019 #: sources.list.5.xml
6021 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
6022 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
6023 "Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified by using the "
6024 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify an "
6025 "HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using this "
6026 "environment variable and <emphasis>only</emphasis> this environment "
6027 "variable. Proxies using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be "
6031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6032 #: sources.list.5.xml
6034 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
6035 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
6036 "This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with "
6040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6041 #: sources.list.5.xml
6043 "The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and access "
6044 "the files as a given user. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys is "
6045 "recommended. The standard <command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> "
6046 "commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host."
6049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6050 #: sources.list.5.xml
6051 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
6054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6055 #: sources.list.5.xml
6057 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, "
6058 "which should follow the naming scheme <package>apt-transport-"
6059 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. For instance, the APT team "
6060 "also maintains the package <package>apt-transport-https</package>, which "
6061 "provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http "
6062 "method. Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available - see &apt-"
6063 "transport-debtorrent;."
6066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6067 #: sources.list.5.xml
6069 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/apt/debian for "
6070 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
6073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6074 #: sources.list.5.xml
6076 msgid "deb file:/home/apt/debian stable main contrib non-free"
6079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6080 #: sources.list.5.xml
6084 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
6086 "Components: main contrib non-free"
6089 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6090 #: sources.list.5.xml
6091 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
6094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6095 #: sources.list.5.xml
6097 msgid "deb file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6101 #: sources.list.5.xml
6105 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
6106 "Suites: unstable\n"
6107 "Components: main contrib non-free"
6110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6111 #: sources.list.5.xml
6112 msgid "Sources specification for the above."
6115 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6116 #: sources.list.5.xml
6118 msgid "deb-src file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6122 #: sources.list.5.xml
6126 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
6127 "Suites: unstable\n"
6128 "Components: main contrib non-free"
6131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6132 #: sources.list.5.xml
6134 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
6135 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
6136 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
6139 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6140 #: sources.list.5.xml
6143 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &debian-stable-codename; main\n"
6144 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &debian-stable-codename; main"
6147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6148 #: sources.list.5.xml
6152 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
6153 "Suites: &debian-stable-codename;\n"
6154 "Components: main\n"
6157 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
6158 "Suites: &debian-stable-codename;\n"
6159 "Components: main\n"
6160 "Architectures: amd64 armel\n"
6163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6164 #: sources.list.5.xml
6166 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
6170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6171 #: sources.list.5.xml
6173 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
6176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6177 #: sources.list.5.xml
6181 "URIs: http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive\n"
6186 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6187 #: sources.list.5.xml
6189 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6190 "directory, and uses only the &debian-stable-codename;/contrib area."
6193 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6194 #: sources.list.5.xml
6196 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &debian-stable-codename; contrib"
6199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6200 #: sources.list.5.xml
6204 "URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian\n"
6205 "Suites: &debian-stable-codename;\n"
6206 "Components: contrib"
6209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6210 #: sources.list.5.xml
6212 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6213 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
6214 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
6215 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
6218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6219 #: sources.list.5.xml
6221 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6224 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6225 #: sources.list.5.xml
6229 "URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian\n"
6230 "Suites: unstable\n"
6231 "Components: contrib"
6234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6235 #: sources.list.5.xml
6237 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6240 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6241 #: sources.list.5.xml
6245 "URIs: http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe\n"
6246 "Suites: unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6249 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6250 #: sources.list.5.xml
6252 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6253 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6254 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6255 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6256 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6257 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6258 "id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"1\"/>"
6261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6262 #: sources.list.5.xml
6264 "Uses HTTP to get binary packages as well as sources from the stable, testing "
6265 "and unstable suites and the components main and contrib."
6268 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6269 #: sources.list.5.xml
6272 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib\n"
6273 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib\n"
6274 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib\n"
6275 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib\n"
6276 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib\n"
6277 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib"
6280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6281 #: sources.list.5.xml
6284 "Types: deb deb-src\n"
6285 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
6286 "Suites: stable testing unstable\n"
6287 "Components: main contrib\n"
6290 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6291 #: sources.list.5.xml
6293 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-conf;, &apt-acquire-additional-files;"
6294 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6296 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
6297 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6302 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6304 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
6308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6309 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6311 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
6312 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
6313 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
6314 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
6318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6319 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6320 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
6323 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6324 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6326 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
6327 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
6328 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
6329 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXXXX</filename> and "
6330 "<filename>package.config.XXXXXX</filename>"
6333 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6334 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6336 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
6337 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6338 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
6341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6342 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6344 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
6345 "decimal 100 on error."
6348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6349 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6350 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
6353 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6354 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6356 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (source index or "
6357 "package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
6358 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
6359 "internal sorting rules."
6362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6363 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6365 "All output is sent to standard output; the input must be a seekable file."
6368 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6369 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6371 "Use source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6372 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
6375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6376 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6378 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6383 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6384 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
6387 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6388 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6390 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
6391 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
6392 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
6396 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6397 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6399 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
6400 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
6401 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
6402 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
6403 "generation process for a complete archive."
6406 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6407 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6409 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
6410 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
6411 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
6412 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
6416 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6417 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6419 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
6420 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
6421 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
6422 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
6425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6426 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6428 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
6431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6432 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6434 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
6435 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
6436 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
6437 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
6440 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6441 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6443 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
6444 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
6445 "change the source override file that will be used."
6448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6449 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6451 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
6452 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
6453 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
6454 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
6455 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
6456 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
6459 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6460 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6462 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
6463 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
6464 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
6465 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
6466 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
6467 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
6468 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
6469 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
6470 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
6471 "containing (by default) an MD5, SHA1, SHA256 and SHA512 digest for each file."
6474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6475 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6477 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
6478 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
6479 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
6480 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
6481 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
6482 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
6483 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
6484 "<literal>Description</literal>."
6487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6488 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6490 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
6491 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
6492 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
6493 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
6494 "maintaining the required settings."
6497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6498 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6500 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
6501 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
6504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6505 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6506 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
6509 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6510 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6512 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
6513 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
6514 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
6515 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
6516 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
6517 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
6520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6521 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6523 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
6526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6527 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6529 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
6530 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
6532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6533 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6535 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
6536 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
6537 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
6538 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
6541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6542 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6544 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
6545 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
6549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6550 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6551 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
6554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6555 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6556 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
6559 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6560 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6562 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
6563 "literal> setting is used below."
6566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6567 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6569 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
6570 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6572 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6573 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6575 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
6576 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
6577 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
6580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6581 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6583 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the package index files. It "
6584 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
6585 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
6589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6590 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6592 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
6593 "defaults to '.deb'."
6596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6597 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6599 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6600 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
6603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6604 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6606 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
6607 "defaults to '.dsc'."
6610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6611 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6613 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6614 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
6617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6618 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6620 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6621 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
6624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6625 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6627 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
6628 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
6629 "Links</literal> setting."
6632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6633 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6635 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
6636 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
6639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6640 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6642 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
6643 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
6644 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
6647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6648 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6650 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
6651 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6654 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6656 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
6657 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
6658 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
6661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6662 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6664 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
6665 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
6669 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6670 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6672 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
6673 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
6674 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
6675 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
6676 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
6677 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
6680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6681 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6683 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
6684 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
6687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6688 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6690 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
6691 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
6694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6695 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6697 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6698 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
6701 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6702 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6704 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6705 "source/Sources</filename>"
6708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6709 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6711 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
6712 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
6713 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
6716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6717 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6719 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
6720 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
6724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6725 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6727 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6728 "Contents-$(ARCH)</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files "
6729 "to map onto a single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-"
6730 "ftparchive</command> will integrate those package files together "
6734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6735 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6736 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
6739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6740 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6742 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
6743 "can share the same database."
6746 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6747 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6749 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6750 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6751 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
6754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6755 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6757 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6758 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6759 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
6760 "when processing source indexes."
6763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6764 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6766 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
6767 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6770 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6772 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
6773 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
6774 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
6775 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
6779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6780 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6782 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
6783 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
6784 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
6785 "setting such as <filename>dists/&debian-stable-codename;</filename>."
6788 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6789 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6791 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
6792 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
6796 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
6797 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6800 "for i in Sections do \n"
6801 " for j in Architectures do\n"
6802 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
6806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6807 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6809 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
6810 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
6814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6815 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6817 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
6818 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
6822 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6823 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6825 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
6826 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
6827 "this tree has a source archive. The architecture 'all' signals that "
6828 "architecture specific files like <filename>Packages</filename> should not "
6829 "include information about architecture <literal>all</literal> packages in "
6830 "all files as they will be available in a dedicated file."
6833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6834 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6836 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
6837 "and maintainer address information."
6840 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6841 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6843 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
6847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6848 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6849 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
6852 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6853 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6854 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
6857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6858 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6860 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
6861 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
6863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6864 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6866 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
6867 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
6868 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
6869 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
6870 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
6873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6874 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6875 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
6878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6879 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6881 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
6882 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
6885 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6886 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6887 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
6890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6891 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6892 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
6895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6896 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6897 msgid "Sets the source override file."
6900 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6901 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6902 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
6905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6906 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6907 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
6910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6911 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6912 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
6915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6916 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6917 msgid "The Binary Override File"
6920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6921 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6923 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
6924 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
6925 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
6926 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
6927 "permutation field."
6930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6931 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6933 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
6936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6937 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6942 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6943 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6945 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
6946 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6947 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
6948 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
6949 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
6953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6954 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6955 msgid "The Source Override File"
6958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6959 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6961 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
6962 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
6963 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
6966 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6967 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6968 msgid "The Extra Override File"
6971 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6972 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6974 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
6975 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
6976 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
6979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6980 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6982 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
6983 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
6984 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
6985 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
6986 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
6987 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
6988 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
6989 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
6990 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal>, <literal>SHA256</literal> "
6991 "or <literal>SHA512</literal>."
6994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6995 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6997 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
6998 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
7001 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7002 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7004 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
7005 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
7006 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
7007 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
7010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7011 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7013 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
7014 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
7015 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
7016 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
7019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7020 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7022 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
7023 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
7024 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
7025 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
7026 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
7029 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7030 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7032 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
7033 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
7037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7038 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7040 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
7041 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
7044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7045 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7047 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
7048 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
7049 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
7050 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
7053 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7054 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7056 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
7057 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
7058 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
7059 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
7060 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
7061 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
7062 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
7063 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
7067 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7068 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7070 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
7071 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
7072 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
7073 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
7074 "in the generate command."
7077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
7078 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7080 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
7083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
7084 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7086 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
7087 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
7090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
7091 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
7093 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
7097 #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
7098 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
7102 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
7104 msgid "APT User's Guide"
7107 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><personname>
7108 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
7109 msgid "Jason Gunthorpe"
7112 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><email>
7113 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
7114 msgid "jgg@debian.org"
7117 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
7118 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
7119 msgid "Version &apt-product-version;"
7122 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
7125 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
7128 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
7131 "<copyright><year>1998</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
7134 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><title>
7135 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
7136 msgid "License Notice"
7139 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
7140 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
7142 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
7143 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
7144 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
7145 "or (at your option) any later version."
7148 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
7149 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
7151 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
7152 "GPL for the full license."
7155 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7160 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7163 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <command>dselect</"
7164 "command> method and the <command>apt-get</command> command line user "
7165 "interface. Both provide a way to install and remove packages as well as "
7166 "download new packages from the Internet."
7169 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7171 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
7174 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7177 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
7178 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
7179 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
7182 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7185 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
7186 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
7187 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
7188 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
7189 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
7192 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7195 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
7196 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
7197 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
7201 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7204 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
7205 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
7206 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
7207 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
7210 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7213 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
7214 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
7215 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
7216 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
7217 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
7218 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
7219 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
7220 "other mail transport agents."
7223 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7226 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
7227 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
7228 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
7229 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
7230 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
7231 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
7232 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
7233 "trying to manually fix packages."
7236 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7239 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
7240 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
7241 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
7242 "packages for installation."
7245 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7250 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7253 "<command>apt-get</command> provides a simple way to install packages from "
7254 "the command line. Unlike <command>dpkg</command>, <command>apt-get</command> "
7255 "does not understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and "
7256 "can only install .deb archives from a <emphasis>Source</emphasis>."
7259 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
7262 "If you are using an http proxy server you must set the http_proxy "
7263 "environment variable first, see sources.list(5)"
7266 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7269 "The first <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> thing that should be "
7270 "done before using <command>apt-get</command> is to fetch the package lists "
7271 "from the <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> so that it knows what packages are "
7272 "available. This is done with <literal>apt-get update</literal>. For instance,"
7275 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7279 "# apt-get update\n"
7280 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7281 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7282 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7283 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7286 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7288 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
7291 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7296 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7299 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
7300 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
7301 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
7302 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
7303 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
7304 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <command>dselect</"
7305 "command> or <literal>apt-get install</literal> can be used to force these "
7306 "packages to install."
7309 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7314 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7317 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
7318 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
7319 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
7320 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
7321 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
7322 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
7323 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
7326 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7328 msgid "dist-upgrade"
7331 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7334 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
7335 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
7336 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
7337 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
7338 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
7339 "<command>dselect</command>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then "
7340 "<command>dselect</command> can be used to install any packages that may have "
7344 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7347 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
7348 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
7351 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7354 "<command>apt-get</command> has several command line options that are "
7355 "detailed in its man page, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
7356 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The most useful "
7357 "option is <literal>-d</literal> which does not install the fetched files. If "
7358 "the system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired "
7359 "to start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <literal>-d</"
7360 "literal> is used the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running "
7361 "the command that caused them to be downloaded again without <literal>-d</"
7365 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7370 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7373 "The APT <command>dselect</command> method provides the complete APT system "
7374 "with the <command>dselect</command> package selection GUI. <command>dselect</"
7375 "command> is used to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT "
7376 "actually installs them."
7379 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7382 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <command>dselect</"
7383 "command> and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
7384 "<emphasis>Sources</emphasis> which are places to fetch archives from. These "
7385 "can be remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source "
7386 "can provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
7387 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
7388 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
7389 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
7390 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
7393 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7397 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
7399 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
7400 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
7403 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
7404 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
7405 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
7408 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:\n"
7411 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7414 "The <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> setup starts by asking for the base of the "
7415 "Debian archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the "
7416 "distribution to get."
7419 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7423 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
7424 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
7425 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
7427 " Distribution [stable]:\n"
7430 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7433 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, "
7434 "<emphasis>stable</emphasis> refers to the latest released version and "
7435 "<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> refers to the developmental version. "
7436 "<emphasis>non-US</emphasis> is only available on some mirrors and refers to "
7437 "packages that contain encryption technology or other things that cannot be "
7438 "exported from the United States. Importing these packages into the US is "
7442 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7446 " Please give the components to get\n"
7447 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
7449 " Components [main contrib non-free]:\n"
7452 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7455 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
7456 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
7457 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
7458 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
7461 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7464 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
7465 "until you have specified all that you want."
7468 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7471 "Before starting to use <command>dselect</command> it is necessary to update "
7472 "the available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset "
7473 "of <literal>apt-get update</literal> that makes the fetched information "
7474 "available to <command>dselect</command>. [U]pdate must be performed even if "
7475 "<literal>apt-get update</literal> has been run before."
7478 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7481 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
7482 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
7483 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
7487 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7490 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
7491 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place "
7492 "<literal>Dselect::clean \"prompt\";</literal> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
7495 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7497 msgid "The Interface"
7500 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
7503 "The <command>dselect</command> method actually is a set of wrapper scripts "
7504 "to <command>apt-get</command>. The method actually provides more "
7505 "functionality than is present in <command>apt-get</command> alone."
7508 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7511 "Both that APT <command>dselect</command> method and <command>apt-get</"
7512 "command> share the same interface. It is a simple system that generally "
7513 "tells you what it will do and then goes and does it. <placeholder type="
7514 "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
7515 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
7516 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
7519 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7524 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7527 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
7528 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
7529 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <literal>apt-get "
7533 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7538 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7539 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7542 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7545 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
7546 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
7547 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
7548 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
7551 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7554 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
7555 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
7556 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
7557 "will be printed out and <command>apt-get</command> will refuse to run."
7560 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7565 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7566 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7567 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
7568 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
7569 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
7570 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
7571 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
7572 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
7573 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
7574 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
7575 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
7576 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
7577 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
7578 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)\n"
7581 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7584 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
7585 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
7586 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
7587 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
7588 "problem is also included."
7591 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
7594 "APT however considers all known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken "
7598 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7601 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
7602 "is caused by <command>dpkg</command> missing some subtle relationships "
7603 "between packages when performing upgrades. <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
7604 "\"0\"/>. The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. "
7605 "In this situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents "
7609 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7612 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
7613 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
7614 "supplying the <literal>-f</literal> option to <command>apt-get</command> "
7615 "will cause APT to deduce a possible solution to the problem and then "
7616 "continue on. The APT <command>dselect</command> method always supplies the "
7617 "<literal>-f</literal> option to allow for easy continuation of failed "
7618 "maintainer scripts."
7621 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7624 "However, if the <literal>-f</literal> option is used to correct a seriously "
7625 "broken system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will "
7626 "either fail immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either "
7627 "case it is necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to "
7628 "correct the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
7631 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7633 msgid "The Status Report"
7636 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7639 "Before proceeding <command>apt-get</command> will present a report on what "
7640 "will happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being "
7641 "performed but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists "
7642 "reflect the final state of things, taking into account the <literal>-f</"
7643 "literal> option and any other relevant activities to the command being "
7647 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7649 msgid "The Extra Package list"
7652 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7656 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
7657 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
7658 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
7659 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
7660 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
7664 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7667 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
7668 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
7669 "generated for an <literal>install</literal> command. The listed packages are "
7670 "often the result of an Auto Install."
7673 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7675 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
7678 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7682 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
7683 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
7684 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
7685 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
7686 " nas xpilot xfig\n"
7689 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7692 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
7693 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
7694 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
7695 "The <literal>-f</literal> option is especially good at generating packages "
7696 "to remove so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain "
7697 "packages that are going to be removed because they are only partially "
7698 "installed, possibly due to an aborted installation."
7701 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7703 msgid "The New Packages list"
7706 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7710 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
7711 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base\n"
7714 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7717 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
7718 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
7722 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7724 msgid "The Kept Back list"
7727 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7731 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
7732 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
7733 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver\n"
7736 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7739 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
7740 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
7741 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
7742 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
7743 "to install is with <literal>apt-get install</literal> or by using "
7744 "<command>dselect</command> to resolve their problems."
7747 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7749 msgid "Held Packages warning"
7752 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7756 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
7760 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7763 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
7764 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
7765 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
7768 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7770 msgid "Final summary"
7773 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7776 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
7779 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7783 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
7784 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
7785 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used.\n"
7788 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7791 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
7792 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
7793 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
7794 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
7795 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
7796 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
7797 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
7798 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
7799 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
7800 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
7801 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
7802 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
7803 "the amount of space that will be freed."
7806 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7809 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
7810 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
7813 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7815 msgid "The Status Display"
7818 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7821 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
7825 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7829 "# apt-get update\n"
7830 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7831 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7832 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7833 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7834 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7835 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s\n"
7838 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7841 "The lines starting with <emphasis>Get</emphasis> are printed out when APT "
7842 "begins to fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the "
7843 "download. The first percent value on the progress line indicates the total "
7844 "percent done of all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files "
7845 "is unknown <literal>apt-get update</literal> estimates the percent done "
7846 "which causes some inaccuracies."
7849 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7852 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
7853 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
7854 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
7855 "<emphasis>Forking</emphasis> which means the OS is loading the download "
7856 "module. The first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the "
7857 "history lines. The next word is the short form name of the object being "
7858 "downloaded. For archives it will contain the name of the package that is "
7862 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7865 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
7866 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
7867 "<emphasis>Connecting</emphasis> to <emphasis>Waiting for file</emphasis> to "
7868 "<emphasis>Downloading</emphasis> or <emphasis>Resuming</emphasis>. The final "
7869 "value is the number of bytes downloaded from the remote site. Once the "
7870 "download begins this is represented as <literal>102/10.2k</literal> "
7871 "indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 kilobytes is expected. "
7872 "The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation to preserve space. After "
7873 "the size display is a percent meter for the file itself. The second last "
7874 "element is the instantaneous average speed. This values is updated every 5 "
7875 "seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for that period. Finally is "
7876 "shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated regularly and reflects "
7877 "the time to complete everything at the shown transfer rate."
7880 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7883 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7884 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7885 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7886 "for logging to a file, use the <literal>-q</literal> option to remove the "
7890 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7895 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7898 "APT uses <command>dpkg</command> for installing the archives and will switch "
7899 "over to the <command>dpkg</command> interface once downloading is completed. "
7900 "<command>dpkg</command> will also ask a number of questions as it processes "
7901 "the packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. "
7902 "Before each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and "
7903 "the questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7906 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
7908 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7911 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
7914 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7915 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7918 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
7921 "<copyright><year>1999</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
7924 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7926 msgid "Introduction"
7929 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7934 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7937 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7938 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7939 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7940 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7943 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7946 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7947 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7948 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7949 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7950 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7951 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7952 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <emphasis>remote host</"
7953 "emphasis> mean the machine downloading the packages, and <emphasis>target "
7954 "host</emphasis> the one with bad or no connection."
7957 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7960 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7961 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7962 "that the disc should be formatted with a filesystem that can handle long "
7963 "file names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7966 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7968 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7971 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7974 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7975 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7976 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7977 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7980 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7994 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7996 msgid "The configuration file"
7999 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8002 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
8003 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
8004 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
8005 "the status file should be a copy of <emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
8006 "emphasis> from the <emphasis>target host</emphasis>. Please note, if you are "
8007 "using a local archive you must use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to "
8011 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8014 "<emphasis>apt.conf</emphasis> must contain the necessary information to make "
8018 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
8024 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
8025 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
8026 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
8028 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
8033 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
8034 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
8035 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
8036 " State::status \"status\";\n"
8038 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
8039 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
8040 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
8042 " // Location of the source list.\n"
8043 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
8047 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8050 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
8051 "configuration file in <emphasis>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</"
8055 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8058 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy "
8059 "<emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</emphasis> to it. You will also need to "
8060 "create the directories outlined in the Overview, <emphasis>archives/partial/"
8061 "</emphasis> and <emphasis>lists/partial/</emphasis>. Then take the disc to "
8062 "the remote machine and configure the sources.list. On the remote machine "
8063 "execute the following:"
8066 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
8070 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
8071 " # apt-get update\n"
8072 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
8073 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
8074 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]\n"
8077 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8080 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
8081 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
8082 "such as <emphasis>dselect</emphasis>. However this presents a problem in "
8083 "communicating your selections back to the local computer."
8086 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8089 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
8090 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
8093 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
8097 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
8098 " # apt-get check\n"
8099 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
8100 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
8101 " [ Or any other APT command ]\n"
8104 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8107 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
8108 "local one. This is very important!"
8111 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8114 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
8115 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
8116 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
8117 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
8118 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
8121 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
8123 msgid "Using APT and wget"
8126 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8129 "<emphasis>wget</emphasis> is a popular and portable download tool that can "
8130 "run on nearly any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the "
8131 "Debian machine already has a list of available packages."
8134 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8137 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
8138 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
8139 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
8143 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
8149 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8152 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
8153 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
8156 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
8160 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
8161 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
8162 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
8163 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script\n"
8166 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8169 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
8173 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8176 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
8177 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
8178 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
8179 "output on the disc."
8182 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8184 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
8187 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
8192 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
8196 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8199 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
8200 "installation can proceed using,"
8203 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
8206 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade\n"
8209 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8211 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
8215 #~ msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-conf;"
8216 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
8219 #~ msgid "The option <literal>DPkg::Progress-Fancy</literal> is enabled."
8220 #~ msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
8223 #~ msgid "The option <literal>APT::Color</literal> is enabled."
8224 #~ msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
8228 #~ "The option <literal>upgrade</literal> has <literal>--with-new-pkgs</"
8229 #~ "literal> enabled by default."
8230 #~ msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
8234 #~ "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
8237 #~ "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão "
8241 #~ msgid "Some examples:"
8242 #~ msgstr "Exemplos"
8246 #~ "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
8247 #~ "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
8248 #~ "B<reportbug>(1) command."
8251 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
8253 #~ " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do "
8255 #~ " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
8256 #~ " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
8261 #~ msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
8264 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
8266 #~ " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
8272 #~ "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
8273 #~ "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
8275 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
8277 #~ "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
8278 #~ "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
8281 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
8282 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
8285 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
8287 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
8288 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
8291 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
8292 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
8295 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
8296 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
8299 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
8300 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
8304 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
8305 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
8306 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
8307 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
8309 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
8310 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
8312 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
8314 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
8315 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
8316 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
8321 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
8322 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
8323 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
8324 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
8328 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
8329 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
8333 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
8334 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
8335 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
8336 #~ "release ...</literal>."
8338 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
8339 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
8340 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
8341 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
8346 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
8347 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8348 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
8349 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8351 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
8352 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8353 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
8354 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8356 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
8357 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8358 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
8359 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
8360 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
8361 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8363 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
8364 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8365 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
8366 #~ "configuration \n"
8367 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
8368 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8371 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
8372 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8373 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
8374 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8376 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
8377 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8378 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
8379 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8381 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
8382 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8383 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
8384 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
8385 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
8386 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
8387 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8389 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
8390 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8391 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
8392 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
8393 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8396 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
8397 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"