1 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
3 // Purpose: interface of wxStringBuffer, wxString
4 // Author: wxWidgets team
6 // Licence: wxWindows license
7 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
13 The wxString class has been completely rewritten for wxWidgets 3.0
14 and this change was actually the main reason for the calling that
15 version wxWidgets 3.0.
17 wxString is a class representing a Unicode character string.
18 wxString uses @c std::basic_string internally (even if @c wxUSE_STL is not defined)
19 to store its content (unless this is not supported by the compiler or disabled
20 specifically when building wxWidgets) and it therefore inherits
21 many features from @c std::basic_string. (Note that most implementations of
22 @c std::basic_string are thread-safe and don't use reference counting.)
24 These @c std::basic_string standard functions are only listed here, but
25 they are not fully documented in this manual; see the STL documentation
26 (http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start) for more info.
27 The behaviour of all these functions is identical to the behaviour
30 You may notice that wxString sometimes has several functions which do
31 the same thing like Length(), Len() and length() which all return the
32 string length. In all cases of such duplication the @c std::string
33 compatible methods should be used.
35 For informations about the internal encoding used by wxString and
36 for important warnings and advices for using it, please read
37 the @ref overview_string.
39 Since wxWidgets 3.0 wxString always stores Unicode strings, so you should
40 be sure to read also @ref overview_unicode.
43 @section string_index Index of the member groups
45 Links for quick access to the various categories of wxString functions:
46 - @ref_member_group{ctor, Constructors and assignment operators}
47 - @ref_member_group{length, Length functions}
48 - @ref_member_group{ch_access, Character access functions}
49 - @ref_member_group{conv, Conversions functions}
50 - @ref_member_group{concat, Concatenation functions}
51 - @ref_member_group{cmp, Comparison functions}
52 - @ref_member_group{substring, Substring extraction functions}
53 - @ref_member_group{caseconv, Case conversion functions}
54 - @ref_member_group{search, Searching and replacing functions}
55 - @ref_member_group{numconv, Conversion to numbers functions}
56 - @ref_member_group{fmt, Formatting and printing functions}
57 - @ref_member_group{mem, Memory management functions}
58 - @ref_member_group{misc, Miscellaneous functions}
59 - @ref_member_group{iter, Iterator interface functions}
60 - @ref_member_group{stl, STL interface functions}
69 @see @ref overview_string, @ref overview_unicode,
70 @ref group_funcmacro_string "String-related functions", wxUString,
71 wxCharBuffer, wxUniChar, wxStringTokenizer, wxStringBuffer, wxStringBufferLength
79 Types used with wxString.
82 typedef wxUniChar value_type
;
83 typedef wxUniChar char_type
;
84 typedef wxUniCharRef reference
;
85 typedef wxChar
* pointer
;
86 typedef const wxChar
* const_pointer
;
87 typedef size_t size_type
;
88 typedef wxUniChar const_reference
;
93 @member_group_name{ctor, Constructors and assignment operators}
95 A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
96 a single character or a wide (Unicode) string. For all constructors (except the
97 default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
100 See also the assign() STL-like function.
110 Creates a string from another string.
111 Just increases the ref count by 1.
113 wxString(const wxString
& stringSrc
);
116 Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
118 wxString(wxUniChar ch
, size_t nRepeat
= 1);
121 Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
123 wxString(wxUniCharRef ch
, size_t nRepeat
= 1);
126 Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch
127 converted to Unicode using the current locale encoding.
129 wxString(char ch
, size_t nRepeat
= 1);
132 Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
134 wxString(wchar_t ch
, size_t nRepeat
= 1);
137 Constructs a string from the string literal @a psz using
138 the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
140 wxString(const char *psz
);
143 Constructs a string from the string literal @a psz using
144 @a conv to convert it Unicode.
146 wxString(const char *psz
, const wxMBConv
& conv
);
149 Constructs a string from the first @a nLength character of the string literal @a psz using
150 the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
152 wxString(const char *psz
, size_t nLength
);
155 Constructs a string from the first @a nLength character of the string literal @a psz using
156 @a conv to convert it Unicode.
158 wxString(const char *psz
, const wxMBConv
& conv
, size_t nLength
);
161 Constructs a string from the string literal @a pwz.
163 wxString(const wchar_t *pwz
);
166 Constructs a string from the first @a nLength characters of the string literal @a pwz.
168 wxString(const wchar_t *pwz
, size_t nLength
);
171 Constructs a string from @a buf using the using the current locale
172 encoding to convert it to Unicode.
174 wxString(const wxCharBuffer
& buf
);
177 Constructs a string from @a buf.
179 wxString(const wxWCharBuffer
& buf
);
182 Constructs a string from @a str using the using the current locale encoding
183 to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
187 wxString(const std::string
& str
);
190 Constructs a string from @a str.
194 wxString(const std::wstring
& str
);
199 Note that this is not virtual, so wxString must not be inherited from.
204 Assignment: see the relative wxString constructor.
206 wxString
operator =(const wxString
& str
);
209 Assignment: see the relative wxString constructor.
211 wxString
operator =(wxUniChar c
);
218 @member_group_name{length, String length}
220 These functions return the string length and/or check whether the string
223 See also the length(), size() or empty() STL-like functions.
229 Returns the length of the string.
234 Returns the length of the string (same as Len).
235 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
238 size_t Length() const;
241 Returns @true if the string is empty.
243 bool IsEmpty() const;
246 Returns @true if the string is empty (same as wxString::IsEmpty).
247 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
253 Empty string is @false, so !string will only return @true if the
258 bool operator!() const;
265 @member_group_name{ch_access, Character access}
267 Many functions below take a character index in the string.
268 As with C strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character
269 of a string is string[0]. An attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
270 string (which may even be 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
271 failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug builds", but no checks are
272 done in release builds.
277 Returns the character at position @a n (read-only).
279 wxUniChar
GetChar(size_t n
) const;
282 wxWidgets compatibility conversion. Same as c_str().
284 const wxCStrData
GetData() const;
287 Returns a reference to the character at position @a n.
289 wxUniCharRef
GetWritableChar(size_t n
);
292 Returns a writable buffer of at least @a len bytes.
294 It returns a pointer to a new memory block, and the existing data will not be copied.
295 Call UngetWriteBuf() as soon as possible to put the string back into a reasonable state.
297 This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or wxStringBufferLength instead.
299 wxStringCharType
* GetWriteBuf(size_t len
);
302 Puts the string back into a reasonable state (in which it can be used
303 normally), after GetWriteBuf() was called.
305 The version of the function without the @a len parameter will calculate the
306 new string length itself assuming that the string is terminated by the first
307 @c NUL character in it while the second one will use the specified length
308 and thus is the only version which should be used with the strings with
309 embedded @c NULs (it is also slightly more efficient as @c strlen()
310 doesn't have to be called).
312 This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or wxStringBufferLength instead.
314 void UngetWriteBuf();
319 void UngetWriteBuf(size_t len
);
322 Sets the character at position @e n.
324 void SetChar(size_t n
, wxUniChar ch
);
327 Returns a the last character.
329 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
330 you should not use it in new code.
332 wxUniChar
Last() const;
335 Returns a reference to the last character (writable).
337 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
338 you should not use it in new code.
343 Returns the @a i-th character of the string.
345 wxUniChar
operator [](size_t i
) const;
348 Returns a writable reference to the @a i-th character of the string.
350 wxUniCharRef
operator [](size_t i
);
356 @member_group_name{conv, Conversions}
358 This section contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
359 strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, you are advised
360 to use wc_str() for the sake of clarity.
365 Returns a lightweight intermediate class which is in turn implicitly
366 convertible to both @c const @c char* and to @c const @c wchar_t*.
367 Given this ambiguity it is mostly better to use wc_str(), mb_str() or
370 Please see the @ref overview_unicode for more information about it.
372 Note that the returned value is not convertible to @c char* or
373 @c wchar_t*, use char_str() or wchar_str() if you need to pass
374 string value to a function expecting non-const pointer.
376 @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str()
378 wxCStrData
c_str() const;
381 Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
382 @c char* pointer. Note that any change to the returned buffer is lost and so
383 this function is only usable for passing strings to legacy libraries that
384 don't have const-correct API. Use wxStringBuffer if you want to modify
389 wxWritableCharBuffer
char_str(const wxMBConv
& conv
= wxConvLibc
) const;
392 Returns buffer of the specified type containing the string data.
394 This method is only useful in template code, otherwise you should
395 directly call mb_str() or wc_str() if you need to retrieve a narrow or
396 wide string from this wxString. The template parameter @a t should be
397 either @c char or @c wchar_t.
399 Notice that retrieving a char buffer in UTF-8 build will return the
400 internal string representation in UTF-8 while in wchar_t build the char
401 buffer will contain the conversion of the string to the encoding of the
402 current locale (and so can fail).
405 If non-@NULL, filled with the length of the returned buffer.
408 buffer containing the string contents in the specified type,
409 notice that it may be @NULL if the conversion failed (e.g. Unicode
410 string couldn't be converted to the current encoding when @a T is
413 template <typename T
>
414 wxCharTypeBuffer
<T
> tchar_str(size_t *len
= NULL
) const;
417 Returns a string representation suitable for passing to OS' functions
420 const wchar_t* fn_str() const;
425 const char* fn_str() const;
430 const wxCharBuffer
fn_str() const;
433 Returns the multibyte (C string) representation of the string
434 using @e conv's wxMBConv::cWC2MB method and returns wxCharBuffer.
436 @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), wxMBConv
438 const wxCharBuffer
mb_str(const wxMBConv
& conv
= wxConvLibc
) const;
441 Converts the strings contents to UTF-8 and returns it either as a
442 temporary wxCharBuffer object or as a pointer to the internal
443 string contents in UTF-8 build.
445 @see wc_str(), c_str(), mb_str()
447 const wxScopedCharBuffer
utf8_str() const;
450 Converts the strings contents to the wide character represention
451 and returns it as a temporary wxWCharBuffer object (Unix and OS X)
452 or returns a pointer to the internal string contents in wide character
455 The macro wxWX2WCbuf is defined as the correct return type (without const).
457 @see utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str(), wchar_str()
459 const wchar_t* wc_str() const;
464 const wxWCharBuffer
wc_str() const;
467 Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
468 @c char* pointer. Note that changes to the returned buffer may or may
469 not be lost (depending on the build) and so this function is only usable for
470 passing strings to legacy libraries that don't have const-correct API. Use
471 wxStringBuffer if you want to modify the string.
473 @see mb_str(), wc_str(), fn_str(), c_str(), char_str()
475 wxWritableWCharBuffer
wchar_str() const;
478 Explicit conversion to C string in the internal representation (either
479 wchar_t* or UTF-8-encoded char*, depending on the build).
481 const wxStringCharType
*wx_str() const;
484 Converts the string to an 8-bit string in ISO-8859-1 encoding in the
485 form of a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only).
487 This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in
488 wxString. It should be used @em only for this purpose. It is only valid
489 to call this method on strings created using From8BitData().
493 @see wxString::From8BitData()
495 const char* To8BitData() const;
500 const wxCharBuffer
To8BitData() const;
503 Converts the string to an ASCII, 7-bit string in the form of
504 a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only) or a C string (ANSI builds).
505 Note that this conversion only works if the string contains only ASCII
506 characters. The @ref mb_str() "mb_str" method provides more
507 powerful means of converting wxString to C string.
509 const char* ToAscii() const;
514 const wxCharBuffer
ToAscii() const;
517 Return the string as an std::string in current locale encoding.
519 Note that if the conversion of (Unicode) string contents to the current
520 locale fails, the return string will be empty. Be sure to check for
521 this to avoid silent data loss.
523 Instead of using this function it's also possible to write
528 s = std::string(wxs);
530 but using ToStdString() may make the code more clear.
534 std::string
ToStdString() const;
537 Return the string as an std::wstring.
539 Unlike ToStdString(), there is no danger of data loss when using this
544 std::wstring
ToStdWstring() const;
549 const wxScopedCharBuffer
ToUTF8() const;
555 @member_group_name{concat, Concatenation}
557 Almost anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string!
559 Note that the various operator<<() overloads work as C++ stream insertion
560 operators. They insert the given value into the string.
561 Precision and format cannot be set using them. Use Printf() instead.
563 See also the insert() and append() STL-like functions.
568 Appends the string literal @a psz.
570 wxString
& Append(const char* psz
);
573 Appends the wide string literal @a pwz.
575 wxString
& Append(const wchar_t* pwz
);
578 Appends the string literal @a psz with max length @a nLen.
580 wxString
& Append(const char* psz
, size_t nLen
);
583 Appends the wide string literal @a psz with max length @a nLen.
585 wxString
& Append(const wchar_t* pwz
, size_t nLen
);
588 Appends the string @a s.
590 wxString
& Append(const wxString
& s
);
593 Appends the character @a ch @a count times.
595 wxString
&Append(wxUniChar ch
, size_t count
= 1u);
598 Prepends @a str to this string, returning a reference to this string.
600 wxString
& Prepend(const wxString
& str
);
603 Concatenation: returns a new string equal to the concatenation of the operands.
605 wxString
operator +(const wxString
& x
, const wxString
& y
);
610 wxString
operator +(const wxString
& x
, wxUniChar y
);
612 wxString
& operator<<(const wxString
& s
);
613 wxString
& operator<<(const char* psz
);
614 wxString
& operator<<(const wchar_t* pwz
);
615 wxString
& operator<<(const wxCStrData
& psz
);
616 wxString
& operator<<(char ch
);
617 wxString
& operator<<(unsigned char ch
);
618 wxString
& operator<<(wchar_t ch
);
619 wxString
& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer
& s
);
620 wxString
& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer
& s
);
621 wxString
& operator<<(wxUniChar ch
);
622 wxString
& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch
);
623 wxString
& operator<<(unsigned int ui
);
624 wxString
& operator<<(long l
);
625 wxString
& operator<<(unsigned long ul
);
626 wxString
& operator<<(wxLongLong_t ll
);
627 wxString
& operator<<(wxULongLong_t ul
);
628 wxString
& operator<<(float f
);
629 wxString
& operator<<(double d
);
632 Concatenation in place: the argument is appended to the string.
634 void operator +=(const wxString
& str
);
639 void operator +=(wxUniChar c
);
645 @member_group_name{cmp, Comparison}
647 The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and so is the default
648 version of IsSameAs(). For case insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase()
649 or give a second parameter to IsSameAs(). This last function is maybe more
650 convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
651 @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false
654 Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher: it only understands
655 '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line interpreter.
657 StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
658 with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
659 comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix.
661 See also the compare() STL-like function.
666 Case-sensitive comparison.
667 Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
668 zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
669 argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
671 @see CmpNoCase(), IsSameAs().
673 int Cmp(const wxString
& s
) const;
676 Case-insensitive comparison.
677 Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
678 zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
679 argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
681 @see Cmp(), IsSameAs().
683 int CmpNoCase(const wxString
& s
) const;
686 Test whether the string is equal to another string @a s.
688 The test is case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is
691 @return @true if the string is equal to the other one, @false otherwise.
693 @see Cmp(), CmpNoCase()
695 bool IsSameAs(const wxString
& s
, bool caseSensitive
= true) const;
698 Test whether the string is equal to the single character @a ch.
700 The test is case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is
703 @return @true if the string is equal to this character, @false otherwise.
705 @see Cmp(), CmpNoCase()
707 bool IsSameAs(wxUniChar ch
, bool caseSensitive
= true) const;
710 Returns @true if the string contents matches a mask containing '*' and '?'.
712 bool Matches(const wxString
& mask
) const;
715 This function can be used to test if the string starts with the specified
718 If it does, the function will return @true and put the rest of the string
719 (i.e. after the prefix) into @a rest string if it is not @NULL.
720 Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't modify the @a rest.
722 bool StartsWith(const wxString
& prefix
, wxString
*rest
= NULL
) const;
725 This function can be used to test if the string ends with the specified
726 @e suffix. If it does, the function will return @true and put the
727 beginning of the string before the suffix into @e rest string if it is not
728 @NULL. Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't
731 bool EndsWith(const wxString
& suffix
, wxString
*rest
= NULL
) const;
737 @member_group_name{substring, Substring extraction}
739 These functions allow you to extract a substring from the string. The
740 original string is not modified and the function returns the extracted
743 See also the at() and the substr() STL-like functions.
747 Returns a substring starting at @e first, with length @e count, or the rest of
748 the string if @a count is the default value.
750 wxString
Mid(size_t first
, size_t nCount
= wxString::npos
) const;
753 Returns the part of the string between the indices @a from and @a to
756 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function, use Mid()
757 instead (but note that parameters have different meaning).
759 wxString
SubString(size_t from
, size_t to
) const;
762 Same as Mid() (substring extraction).
764 wxString
operator()(size_t start
, size_t len
) const;
767 Returns the first @a count characters of the string.
769 wxString
Left(size_t count
) const;
772 Returns the last @a count characters.
774 wxString
Right(size_t count
) const;
777 Gets all the characters after the first occurrence of @e ch.
778 Returns the empty string if @e ch is not found.
780 wxString
AfterFirst(wxUniChar ch
) const;
783 Gets all the characters after the last occurrence of @e ch.
784 Returns the whole string if @e ch is not found.
786 wxString
AfterLast(wxUniChar ch
) const;
789 Gets all characters before the first occurrence of @e ch.
790 Returns the whole string if @a ch is not found.
792 wxString
BeforeFirst(wxUniChar ch
) const;
795 Gets all characters before the last occurrence of @e ch.
796 Returns the empty string if @a ch is not found.
798 wxString
BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch
) const;
804 @member_group_name{caseconv, Case conversion}
806 The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
807 return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
808 lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
813 Return the copy of the string with the first string character in the
814 upper case and the subsequent ones in the lower case.
818 @see MakeCapitalized()
820 wxString
Capitalize() const;
823 Returns this string converted to the lower case.
827 wxString
Lower() const;
831 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
837 Converts the first characters of the string to the upper case and all
838 the subsequent ones to the lower case and returns the result.
844 wxString
& MakeCapitalized();
847 Converts all characters to lower case and returns the reference to the
852 wxString
& MakeLower();
855 Converts all characters to upper case and returns the reference to the
860 wxString
& MakeUpper();
863 Returns this string converted to upper case.
867 wxString
Upper() const;
870 The same as MakeUpper().
872 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
881 @member_group_name{search, Searching and replacing}
883 These functions replace the standard @c strchr() and @c strstr()
886 See also the find(), rfind(), replace() STL-like functions.
891 Searches for the given character @a ch.
892 Returns the position or @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
894 int Find(wxUniChar ch
, bool fromEnd
= false) const;
897 Searches for the given string @a sub.
898 Returns the starting position or @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
900 int Find(const wxString
& sub
) const;
905 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
906 you should not use it in new code.
908 int First(wxUniChar ch
) const;
913 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
914 you should not use it in new code.
916 int First(const wxString
& str
) const;
919 Replace first (or all) occurrences of substring with another one.
922 The string to search for replacing.
924 The substitution string.
926 If @true a global replace will be done (default), otherwise only the
927 first occurrence will be replaced.
929 Returns the number of replacements made.
931 size_t Replace(const wxString
& strOld
, const wxString
& strNew
,
932 bool replaceAll
= true);
939 @member_group_name{numconv, Conversion to numbers}
941 The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
942 floating point numbers.
944 All functions take a pointer to the variable to put the numeric value
945 in and return @true if the @b entire string could be converted to a
946 number. Notice if there is a valid number in the beginning of the
947 string, it is returned in the output parameter even if the function
948 returns @false because there is more text following it.
953 Attempts to convert the string to a floating point number.
955 Returns @true on success (the number is stored in the location pointed to by
956 @a val) or @false if the string does not represent such number (the value of
957 @a val may still be modified in this case).
959 Note that unlike ToCDouble() this function uses a localized version of
960 @c wxStrtod() and thus needs as decimal point (and thousands separator) the
961 locale-specific decimal point. Thus you should use this function only when
962 you are sure that this string contains a floating point number formatted with
963 the rules of the locale currently in use (see wxLocale).
965 Refer to the docs of the standard function @c strtod() for more details about
966 the supported syntax.
968 @see ToCDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
970 bool ToDouble(double* val
) const;
973 Variant of ToDouble() always working in "C" locale.
975 Works like ToDouble() but unlike it this function expects the floating point
976 number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale
977 (in particular, the decimal point must be a dot), independently from the
978 current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
980 @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
982 bool ToCDouble(double* val
) const;
985 Attempts to convert the string to a signed integer in base @a base.
987 Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the location
988 pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not represent a
989 valid number in the given base (the value of @a val may still be
990 modified in this case).
992 The value of @a base must be comprised between 2 and 36, inclusive, or
993 be a special value 0 which means that the usual rules of @c C numbers are
994 applied: if the number starts with @c 0x it is considered to be in base
995 16, if it starts with @c 0 - in base 8 and in base 10 otherwise. Note
996 that you may not want to specify the base 0 if you are parsing the numbers
997 which may have leading zeroes as they can yield unexpected (to the user not
998 familiar with C) results.
1000 Note that unlike ToCLong() this function uses a localized version of
1001 @c wxStrtol(). Thus you should use this function only when you are sure
1002 that this string contains an integer number formatted with
1003 the rules of the locale currently in use (see wxLocale).
1005 Refer to the docs of the standard function @c strtol() for more details about
1006 the supported syntax.
1008 @see ToCDouble(), ToDouble(), ToULong()
1010 bool ToLong(long* val
, int base
= 10) const;
1013 Variant of ToLong() always working in "C" locale.
1015 Works like ToLong() but unlike it this function expects the integer
1016 number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale,
1017 independently from the current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
1019 @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
1021 bool ToCLong(long* val
, int base
= 10) const;
1024 This is exactly the same as ToLong() but works with 64 bit integer numbers.
1026 Notice that currently it doesn't work (always returns @false) if parsing of 64
1027 bit numbers is not supported by the underlying C run-time library. Compilers
1028 with C99 support and Microsoft Visual C++ version 7 and higher do support this.
1030 @see ToLong(), ToULongLong()
1032 bool ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t
* val
, int base
= 10) const;
1035 Attempts to convert the string to an unsigned integer in base @a base.
1037 Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the
1038 location pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not
1039 represent a valid number in the given base (the value of @a val may
1040 still be modified in this case).
1042 Please notice that this function behaves in the same way as the standard
1043 @c strtoul() and so it simply converts negative numbers to unsigned
1044 representation instead of rejecting them (e.g. -1 is returned as @c ULONG_MAX).
1046 See ToLong() for the more detailed description of the @a base parameter
1047 (and of the locale-specific behaviour of this function).
1049 @see ToCULong(), ToDouble(), ToLong()
1051 bool ToULong(unsigned long* val
, int base
= 10) const;
1054 Variant of ToULong() always working in "C" locale.
1056 Works like ToULong() but unlike it this function expects the integer
1057 number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale,
1058 independently from the current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
1060 @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
1062 bool ToCULong(unsigned long* val
, int base
= 10) const;
1065 This is exactly the same as ToULong() but works with 64 bit integer
1068 Please see ToLongLong() for additional remarks.
1070 bool ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t
* val
, int base
= 10) const;
1076 @member_group_name{fmt, Formatting and printing}
1078 Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
1079 exist (for basic types only).
1081 See also the static Format() and FormatV() functions.
1086 Similar to the standard function @e sprintf(). Returns the number of
1087 characters written, or an integer less than zero on error.
1088 Note that if @c wxUSE_PRINTF_POS_PARAMS is set to 1, then this function supports
1089 Unix98-style positional parameters:
1094 str.Printf(wxT("%d %d %d"), 1, 2, 3);
1095 // str now contains "1 2 3"
1097 str.Printf(wxT("%2$d %3$d %1$d"), 1, 2, 3);
1098 // str now contains "2 3 1"
1101 @note This function will use a safe version of @e vsprintf() (usually called
1102 @e vsnprintf()) whenever available to always allocate the buffer of correct
1103 size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
1104 dangerous @e vsprintf() will be used then which may lead to buffer overflows.
1106 int Printf(const wxString
& pszFormat
, ...);
1109 Similar to vprintf. Returns the number of characters written, or an integer
1113 int PrintfV(const wxString
& pszFormat
, va_list argPtr
);
1119 @member_group_name{mem, Memory management}
1121 The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
1122 Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
1123 wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful when working
1124 with some external API which requires the caller to provide a writable buffer.
1126 See also the reserve() and resize() STL-like functions.
1131 Preallocate enough space for wxString to store @a nLen characters.
1133 Please note that this method does the same thing as the standard
1134 reserve() one and shouldn't be used in new code.
1136 This function may be used to increase speed when the string is
1137 constructed by repeated concatenation as in
1140 // delete all vowels from the string
1141 wxString DeleteAllVowels(const wxString& original)
1145 size_t len = original.length();
1149 for ( size_t n = 0; n < len; n++ )
1151 if ( strchr("aeuio", tolower(original[n])) == NULL )
1152 result += original[n];
1159 because it will avoid the need to reallocate string memory many times
1160 (in case of long strings). Note that it does not set the maximal length
1161 of a string -- it will still expand if more than @a nLen characters are
1162 stored in it. Also, it does not truncate the existing string (use
1163 Truncate() for this) even if its current length is greater than @a nLen.
1165 @return @true if memory was successfully allocated, @false otherwise.
1167 bool Alloc(size_t nLen
);
1170 Minimizes the string's memory. This can be useful after a call to
1171 Alloc() if too much memory were preallocated.
1176 Returns a deep copy of the string.
1178 That is, the returned string is guaranteed to not share data with this
1179 string when using reference-counted wxString implementation.
1181 This method is primarily useful for passing strings between threads
1182 (because wxString is not thread-safe). Unlike creating a copy using
1183 @c wxString(c_str()), Clone() handles embedded NULs correctly.
1187 wxString
Clone() const;
1190 Empties the string and frees memory occupied by it.
1201 @member_group_name{misc, Miscellaneous}
1203 Miscellaneous other string functions.
1208 Returns @true if target appears anywhere in wxString; else @false.
1210 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
1212 bool Contains(const wxString
& str
) const;
1215 Makes the string empty, but doesn't free memory occupied by the string.
1222 Returns the number of occurrences of @e ch in the string.
1224 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
1226 int Freq(wxUniChar ch
) const;
1229 Returns @true if the string contains only ASCII characters.
1230 See wxUniChar::IsAscii for more details.
1232 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
1235 bool IsAscii() const;
1238 Returns @true if the string is an integer (with possible sign).
1240 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
1242 bool IsNumber() const;
1245 Returns @true if the string is a word.
1247 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
1249 bool IsWord() const;
1252 Adds @a count copies of @a chPad to the beginning, or to the end of the
1253 string (the default).
1255 Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
1257 wxString
& Pad(size_t count
, wxUniChar chPad
= ' ', bool fromRight
= true);
1260 Removes all characters from the string starting at @a pos.
1261 Use Truncate() as a more readable alternative.
1263 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
1265 wxString
& Remove(size_t pos
);
1268 Removes @a len characters from the string, starting at @a pos.
1270 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
1272 wxString
& Remove(size_t pos
, size_t len
);
1275 Removes the last character.
1277 wxString
& RemoveLast(size_t n
= 1);
1280 Strip characters at the front and/or end.
1282 This is the same as Trim() except that it doesn't change this string.
1284 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
1286 wxString
Strip(stripType s
= trailing
) const;
1289 Removes white-space (space, tabs, form feed, newline and carriage return) from
1290 the left or from the right end of the string (right is default).
1292 wxString
& Trim(bool fromRight
= true);
1295 Truncate the string to the given length.
1297 wxString
& Truncate(size_t len
);
1305 @member_group_name{iter, Iterator interface}
1307 These methods return iterators to the beginnnig or end of the string.
1309 Please see any STL reference (e.g. http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start)
1310 for their documentation.
1314 const_iterator
begin() const;
1316 const_iterator
end() const;
1319 const_reverse_iterator
rbegin() const;
1320 reverse_iterator
rbegin();
1321 const_reverse_iterator
rend() const;
1322 reverse_iterator
rend();
1329 @member_group_name{stl, STL interface}
1331 The supported STL functions are listed here.
1333 Please see any STL reference (e.g. http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start)
1334 for their documentation.
1338 wxString
& append(const wxString
& str
, size_t pos
, size_t n
);
1339 wxString
& append(const wxString
& str
);
1340 wxString
& append(const char *sz
, size_t n
);
1341 wxString
& append(const wchar_t *sz
, size_t n
);
1342 wxString
& append(size_t n
, wxUniChar ch
);
1343 wxString
& append(const_iterator first
, const_iterator last
);
1345 wxString
& assign(const wxString
& str
, size_t pos
, size_t n
);
1346 wxString
& assign(const wxString
& str
);
1347 wxString
& assign(const char *sz
, size_t n
);
1348 wxString
& assign(const wchar_t *sz
, size_t n
);
1349 wxString
& assign(size_t n
, wxUniChar ch
);
1350 wxString
& assign(const_iterator first
, const_iterator last
);
1352 wxUniChar
at(size_t n
) const;
1353 wxUniCharRef
at(size_t n
);
1357 size_type
capacity() const;
1359 int compare(const wxString
& str
) const;
1360 int compare(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
, const wxString
& str
) const;
1361 int compare(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
,
1362 const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart2
, size_t nLen2
) const;
1363 int compare(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
,
1364 const char* sz
, size_t nCount
= npos
) const;
1365 int compare(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
,
1366 const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nCount
= npos
) const;
1368 wxCStrData
data() const;
1372 wxString
& erase(size_type pos
= 0, size_type n
= npos
);
1373 iterator
erase(iterator first
, iterator last
);
1374 iterator
erase(iterator first
);
1376 size_t find(const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1377 size_t find(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
= 0, size_t n
= npos
) const;
1378 size_t find(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
= 0, size_t n
= npos
) const;
1379 size_t find(wxUniChar ch
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1380 size_t find_first_of(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1381 size_t find_first_of(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1382 size_t find_first_of(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1383 size_t find_first_of(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1384 size_t find_first_of(wxUniChar c
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1385 size_t find_last_of (const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1386 size_t find_last_of (const char* sz
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1387 size_t find_last_of (const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1388 size_t find_last_of(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1389 size_t find_last_of(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1390 size_t find_last_of(wxUniChar c
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1391 size_t find_first_not_of(const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1392 size_t find_first_not_of(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1393 size_t find_first_not_of(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1394 size_t find_first_not_of(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1395 size_t find_first_not_of(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1396 size_t find_first_not_of(wxUniChar ch
, size_t nStart
= 0) const;
1397 size_t find_last_not_of(const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1398 size_t find_last_not_of(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1399 size_t find_last_not_of(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1400 size_t find_last_not_of(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1401 size_t find_last_not_of(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
) const;
1403 wxString
& insert(size_t nPos
, const wxString
& str
);
1404 wxString
& insert(size_t nPos
, const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart
, size_t n
);
1405 wxString
& insert(size_t nPos
, const char *sz
, size_t n
);
1406 wxString
& insert(size_t nPos
, const wchar_t *sz
, size_t n
);
1407 wxString
& insert(size_t nPos
, size_t n
, wxUniChar ch
);
1408 iterator
insert(iterator it
, wxUniChar ch
);
1409 void insert(iterator it
, const_iterator first
, const_iterator last
);
1410 void insert(iterator it
, size_type n
, wxUniChar ch
);
1412 size_t length() const;
1414 size_type
max_size() const;
1416 void reserve(size_t sz
);
1417 void resize(size_t nSize
, wxUniChar ch
= '\0');
1419 wxString
& replace(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
, const wxString
& str
);
1420 wxString
& replace(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
, size_t nCount
, wxUniChar ch
);
1421 wxString
& replace(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
,
1422 const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart2
, size_t nLen2
);
1423 wxString
& replace(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
,
1424 const char* sz
, size_t nCount
);
1425 wxString
& replace(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
,
1426 const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nCount
);
1427 wxString
& replace(size_t nStart
, size_t nLen
,
1428 const wxString
& s
, size_t nCount
);
1429 wxString
& replace(iterator first
, iterator last
, const wxString
& s
);
1430 wxString
& replace(iterator first
, iterator last
, const char* s
, size_type n
);
1431 wxString
& replace(iterator first
, iterator last
, const wchar_t* s
, size_type n
);
1432 wxString
& replace(iterator first
, iterator last
, size_type n
, wxUniChar ch
);
1433 wxString
& replace(iterator first
, iterator last
,
1434 const_iterator first1
, const_iterator last1
);
1435 wxString
& replace(iterator first
, iterator last
,
1436 const char *first1
, const char *last1
);
1437 wxString
& replace(iterator first
, iterator last
,
1438 const wchar_t *first1
, const wchar_t *last1
);
1440 size_t rfind(const wxString
& str
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1441 size_t rfind(const char* sz
, size_t nStart
= npos
, size_t n
= npos
) const;
1442 size_t rfind(const wchar_t* sz
, size_t nStart
= npos
, size_t n
= npos
) const;
1443 size_t rfind(wxUniChar ch
, size_t nStart
= npos
) const;
1445 size_type
size() const;
1446 wxString
substr(size_t nStart
= 0, size_t nLen
= npos
) const;
1447 void swap(wxString
& str
);
1454 // Keep these functions separed from the other groups or Doxygen gets confused
1455 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1458 An 'invalid' value for string index
1460 static const size_t npos
;
1463 This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
1464 Printf() with the passed parameters on it.
1466 @see FormatV(), Printf()
1468 static wxString
Format(const wxString
& format
, ...);
1471 This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
1472 PrintfV() with the passed parameters on it.
1474 @see Format(), PrintfV()
1476 static wxString
FormatV(const wxString
& format
, va_list argptr
);
1480 Converts given buffer of binary data from 8-bit string to wxString. In
1481 Unicode build, the string is interpreted as being in ISO-8859-1
1482 encoding. The version without @e len parameter takes NUL-terminated
1485 This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in
1486 wxString. It should be used @em only for that purpose and only in
1487 conjunction with To8BitData(). Use mb_str() for conversion of character
1488 data to known encoding.
1492 @see wxString::To8BitData()
1494 static wxString
From8BitData(const char* buf
, size_t len
);
1495 static wxString
From8BitData(const char* buf
);
1500 Converts the string or character from an ASCII, 7-bit form
1501 to the native wxString representation.
1503 static wxString
FromAscii(const char* s
);
1504 static wxString
FromAscii(const unsigned char* s
);
1505 static wxString
FromAscii(const char* s
, size_t len
);
1506 static wxString
FromAscii(const unsigned char* s
, size_t len
);
1507 static wxString
FromAscii(char c
);
1512 Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString.
1514 If @a s is not a valid UTF-8 string, an empty string is returned.
1516 Notice that when using UTF-8 wxWidgets build there is a more efficient
1517 alternative to this function called FromUTF8Unchecked() which, unlike
1518 this one, doesn't check that the input string is valid.
1522 static wxString
FromUTF8(const char* s
);
1523 static wxString
FromUTF8(const char* s
, size_t len
);
1528 Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString without checking its
1531 This method assumes that @a s is a valid UTF-8 sequence and doesn't do
1532 any validation (although an assert failure is triggered in debug builds
1533 if the string is invalid). Only use it if you are absolutely sure that
1534 @a s is a correct UTF-8 string (e.g. because it comes from another
1535 library using UTF-8) and if the performance matters, otherwise use
1536 slower (in UTF-8 build) but safer FromUTF8(). Passing a bad UTF-8
1537 string to this function will result in creating a corrupted wxString
1538 and all the subsequent operations on it will be undefined.
1542 static wxString
FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s
);
1543 static wxString
FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s
, size_t len
);
1551 Comparison operator for string types.
1553 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1554 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1555 inline bool operator< (const wxString
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1556 inline bool operator> (const wxString
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1557 inline bool operator<=(const wxString
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1558 inline bool operator>=(const wxString
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1559 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s1
, const wxCStrData
& s2
);
1560 inline bool operator==(const wxCStrData
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1561 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s1
, const wxCStrData
& s2
);
1562 inline bool operator!=(const wxCStrData
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1563 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s1
, const wxWCharBuffer
& s2
);
1564 inline bool operator==(const wxWCharBuffer
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1565 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s1
, const wxWCharBuffer
& s2
);
1566 inline bool operator!=(const wxWCharBuffer
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1567 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s1
, const wxCharBuffer
& s2
);
1568 inline bool operator==(const wxCharBuffer
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1569 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s1
, const wxCharBuffer
& s2
);
1570 inline bool operator!=(const wxCharBuffer
& s1
, const wxString
& s2
);
1575 Comparison operators char types.
1577 inline bool operator==(const wxUniChar
& c
, const wxString
& s
);
1578 inline bool operator==(const wxUniCharRef
& c
, const wxString
& s
);
1579 inline bool operator==(char c
, const wxString
& s
);
1580 inline bool operator==(wchar_t c
, const wxString
& s
);
1581 inline bool operator==(int c
, const wxString
& s
);
1582 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s
, const wxUniChar
& c
);
1583 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s
, const wxUniCharRef
& c
);
1584 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s
, char c
);
1585 inline bool operator==(const wxString
& s
, wchar_t c
);
1586 inline bool operator!=(const wxUniChar
& c
, const wxString
& s
);
1587 inline bool operator!=(const wxUniCharRef
& c
, const wxString
& s
);
1588 inline bool operator!=(char c
, const wxString
& s
);
1589 inline bool operator!=(wchar_t c
, const wxString
& s
);
1590 inline bool operator!=(int c
, const wxString
& s
);
1591 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s
, const wxUniChar
& c
);
1592 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s
, const wxUniCharRef
& c
);
1593 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s
, char c
);
1594 inline bool operator!=(const wxString
& s
, wchar_t c
);
1598 The global wxString instance of an empty string.
1599 Used extensively in the entire wxWidgets API.
1601 wxString wxEmptyString
;
1606 @class wxStringBufferLength
1608 This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString internal buffer
1609 as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore the string to
1610 the usable state later, and allows the user to set the internal length of the string.
1612 For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
1613 @c "int GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *)" copying the value in the provided
1614 buffer (which must be writable, of course), and returning the actual length
1615 of the string, you might call it like this:
1619 wxStringBufferLength theAnswerBuffer(theAnswer, 1024);
1620 int nLength = GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(theAnswerBuffer);
1621 theAnswerBuffer.SetLength(nLength);
1622 if ( theAnswer != "42" )
1623 wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
1626 Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
1627 enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
1628 character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
1629 wxString, keeping the same buffer wxString uses intact. In other words,
1630 relying on wxStringBuffer containing the old wxString data is not a good
1631 idea if you want to build your program both with and without wxUSE_STL.
1633 Note that wxStringBuffer::SetLength @b must be called before
1634 wxStringBufferLength destructs.
1639 class wxStringBufferLength
1643 Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
1644 and containing enough space for at least @a len characters.
1646 Basically, this is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf and
1649 wxStringBufferLength(const wxString
& str
, size_t len
);
1652 Restores the string passed to the constructor to the usable state by calling
1653 wxString::UngetWriteBuf on it.
1655 ~wxStringBufferLength();
1658 Sets the internal length of the string referred to by wxStringBufferLength to
1659 @a nLength characters.
1661 Must be called before wxStringBufferLength destructs.
1663 void SetLength(size_t nLength
);
1666 Returns the writable pointer to a buffer of the size at least equal to the
1667 length specified in the constructor.
1669 wxChar
* operator wxChar
*();
1674 @class wxStringBuffer
1676 This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString internal buffer
1677 as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore the string
1678 to the usable state later.
1680 For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
1681 @c "GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *)" returning the value in the provided
1682 buffer (which must be writable, of course) you might call it like this:
1686 GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(wxStringBuffer(theAnswer, 1024));
1687 if ( theAnswer != "42" )
1688 wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
1691 Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not @c wxUSE_STL is
1692 enabled. If @c wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
1693 character buffer, and if @c wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
1694 wxString, keeping the same buffer wxString uses intact. In other words,
1695 relying on wxStringBuffer containing the old wxString data is not a good
1696 idea if you want to build your program both with and without @c wxUSE_STL.
1701 class wxStringBuffer
1705 Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
1706 and containing enough space for at least @a len characters.
1707 Basically, this is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf() and
1710 wxStringBuffer(const wxString
& str
, size_t len
);
1713 Restores the string passed to the constructor to the usable state by calling
1714 wxString::UngetWriteBuf() on it.
1719 Returns the writable pointer to a buffer of the size at least equal to the
1720 length specified in the constructor.
1722 wxStringCharType
* operator wxStringCharType
*();
1726 /** @addtogroup group_funcmacro_string */
1730 Allows to extend a function with the signature:
1731 @code bool SomeFunc(const wxUniChar& c) @endcode
1732 which operates on a single character, to an entire wxString.
1734 E.g. if you want to check if an entire string contains only digits,
1737 if (wxStringCheck<wxIsdigit>(myString))
1738 ... // the entire string contains oly digits!
1740 ... // at least one character of myString is not a digit
1743 @return @true if the given function returns a non-zero value for all
1744 characters of the @a val string.
1746 template<bool (T
)(const wxUniChar
& c
)>
1747 inline bool wxStringCheck(const wxString
& val
);