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1 # Exercising Bison on conflicts. -*- Autotest -*-
2
3 # Copyright (C) 2002-2005, 2007, 2009-2012 Free Software Foundation,
4 # Inc.
5
6 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
9 # (at your option) any later version.
10 #
11 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 # GNU General Public License for more details.
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18
19 AT_BANNER([[Conflicts.]])
20
21
22 ## ---------------- ##
23 ## S/R in initial. ##
24 ## ---------------- ##
25
26 # I once hacked Bison in such a way that it lost its reductions on the
27 # initial state (because it was confusing it with the last state). It
28 # took me a while to strip down my failures to this simple case. So
29 # make sure it finds the s/r conflict below.
30
31 AT_SETUP([S/R in initial])
32
33 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
34 [[%expect 1
35 %%
36 exp: e 'e';
37 e: 'e' | /* Nothing. */;
38 ]])
39
40 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y], 0, [],
41 [[input.y:4.9: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: e: /* empty */
42 ]])
43
44 AT_BISON_CHECK([-fcaret -o input.c input.y], 0, [],
45 [[input.y:4.9: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts
46 e: 'e' | /* Nothing. */;
47 ^
48 ]])
49
50 AT_CLEANUP
51
52
53 ## ------------------- ##
54 ## %nonassoc and eof. ##
55 ## ------------------- ##
56
57 AT_SETUP([%nonassoc and eof])
58
59 AT_BISON_OPTION_PUSHDEFS
60 AT_DATA_GRAMMAR([input.y],
61 [[
62 %{
63 #include <stdio.h>
64 #include <stdlib.h>
65 #include <string.h>
66 #include <assert.h>
67
68 #define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
69 ]AT_YYERROR_DEFINE[
70 /* The current argument. */
71 static const char *input;
72
73 static int
74 yylex (void)
75 {
76 static size_t toknum;
77 assert (toknum <= strlen (input));
78 return input[toknum++];
79 }
80
81 %}
82
83 %nonassoc '<' '>'
84
85 %%
86 expr: expr '<' expr
87 | expr '>' expr
88 | '0'
89 ;
90 %%
91 int
92 main (int argc, const char *argv[])
93 {
94 input = argc <= 1 ? "" : argv[1];
95 return yyparse ();
96 }
97 ]])
98 AT_BISON_OPTION_POPDEFS
99
100 m4_pushdef([AT_NONASSOC_AND_EOF_CHECK],
101 [AT_BISON_CHECK([$1[ -o input.c input.y]])
102 AT_COMPILE([input])
103
104 m4_pushdef([AT_EXPECTING], [m4_if($2, [correct], [[, expecting $end]])])
105
106 AT_PARSER_CHECK([./input '0<0'])
107 AT_PARSER_CHECK([./input '0<0<0'], [1], [],
108 [syntax error, unexpected '<'AT_EXPECTING
109 ])
110
111 AT_PARSER_CHECK([./input '0>0'])
112 AT_PARSER_CHECK([./input '0>0>0'], [1], [],
113 [syntax error, unexpected '>'AT_EXPECTING
114 ])
115
116 AT_PARSER_CHECK([./input '0<0>0'], [1], [],
117 [syntax error, unexpected '>'AT_EXPECTING
118 ])
119
120 m4_popdef([AT_EXPECTING])])
121
122 # Expected token list is missing.
123 AT_NONASSOC_AND_EOF_CHECK([], [[incorrect]])
124
125 # We must disable default reductions in inconsistent states in order to
126 # have an explicit list of all expected tokens.
127 AT_NONASSOC_AND_EOF_CHECK([[-Dlr.default-reductions=consistent]],
128 [[correct]])
129
130 # lr.default-reductions=consistent happens to work for this test case.
131 # However, for other grammars, lookahead sets can be merged for
132 # different left contexts, so it is still possible to have an incorrect
133 # expected list. Canonical LR is almost a general solution (that is, it
134 # can fail only when %nonassoc is used), so make sure it gives the same
135 # result as above.
136 AT_NONASSOC_AND_EOF_CHECK([[-Dlr.type=canonical-lr]], [[correct]])
137
138 # parse.lac=full is a completely general solution that does not require
139 # any of the above sacrifices. Of course, it does not extend the
140 # language-recognition power of LALR to (IE)LR, but it does ensure that
141 # the reported list of expected tokens matches what the given parser
142 # would have accepted in place of the unexpected token.
143 AT_NONASSOC_AND_EOF_CHECK([[-Dparse.lac=full]], [[correct]])
144
145 m4_popdef([AT_NONASSOC_AND_EOF_CHECK])
146
147 AT_CLEANUP
148
149
150
151 ## -------------------------------------- ##
152 ## %error-verbose and consistent errors. ##
153 ## -------------------------------------- ##
154
155 AT_SETUP([[%error-verbose and consistent errors]])
156
157 m4_pushdef([AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK], [
158
159 AT_BISON_OPTION_PUSHDEFS([$1])
160
161 m4_pushdef([AT_YYLEX_PROTOTYPE],
162 [AT_SKEL_CC_IF([[int yylex (yy::parser::semantic_type *lvalp)]],
163 [[int yylex (YYSTYPE *lvalp)]])])
164
165 AT_SKEL_JAVA_IF([AT_DATA], [AT_DATA_GRAMMAR])([input.y],
166 [AT_SKEL_JAVA_IF([[
167
168 %code imports {
169 import java.io.IOException;
170 }]], [[
171
172 %code {]AT_SKEL_CC_IF([[
173 #include <cassert>
174 #include <string>]], [[
175 #include <assert.h>
176 #include <stdio.h>
177 ]AT_YYERROR_DECLARE])[
178 ]AT_YYLEX_PROTOTYPE[;
179 #define USE(Var)
180 }
181
182 ]AT_SKEL_CC_IF([[%defines]], [[%define api.pure]])])[
183
184 ]$1[
185
186 %error-verbose
187
188 %%
189
190 ]$2[
191
192 ]AT_SKEL_JAVA_IF([[%code lexer {]], [[%%]])[
193
194 /*--------.
195 | yylex. |
196 `--------*/]AT_SKEL_JAVA_IF([[
197
198 public String input = "]$3[";
199 public int index = 0;
200 public int yylex ()
201 {
202 if (index < input.length ())
203 return input.charAt (index++);
204 else
205 return 0;
206 }
207 public Object getLVal ()
208 {
209 return new Integer(1);
210 }]], [[
211
212 ]AT_YYLEX_PROTOTYPE[
213 {
214 static char const *input = "]$3[";
215 *lvalp = 1;
216 return *input++;
217 }]])[
218 ]AT_YYERROR_DEFINE[
219 ]AT_SKEL_JAVA_IF([[
220 };
221
222 %%]])[
223
224 /*-------.
225 | main. |
226 `-------*/]AT_SKEL_JAVA_IF([[
227
228 class input
229 {
230 public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException
231 {
232 YYParser p = new YYParser ();
233 p.parse ();
234 }
235 }]], [AT_SKEL_CC_IF([[
236
237 int
238 main (void)
239 {
240 yy::parser parser;
241 return parser.parse ();
242 }]], [[
243
244 int
245 main (void)
246 {
247 return yyparse ();
248 }]])])[
249 ]])
250
251 AT_FULL_COMPILE([[input]])
252
253 m4_pushdef([AT_EXPECTING], [m4_if($5, [ab], [[, expecting 'a' or 'b']],
254 $5, [a], [[, expecting 'a']],
255 $5, [b], [[, expecting 'b']])])
256
257 AT_SKEL_JAVA_IF([AT_JAVA_PARSER_CHECK([[input]], [[0]]],
258 [AT_PARSER_CHECK([[./input]], [[1]]]),
259 [[]],
260 [[syntax error, unexpected ]$4[]AT_EXPECTING[
261 ]])
262
263 m4_popdef([AT_EXPECTING])
264 m4_popdef([AT_YYLEX_PROTOTYPE])
265 AT_BISON_OPTION_POPDEFS
266
267 ])
268
269 m4_pushdef([AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
270 [[%nonassoc 'a';
271
272 start: consistent-error-on-a-a 'a' ;
273
274 consistent-error-on-a-a:
275 'a' default-reduction
276 | 'a' default-reduction 'a'
277 | 'a' shift
278 ;
279
280 default-reduction: /*empty*/ ;
281 shift: 'b' ;
282
283 // Provide another context in which all rules are useful so that this
284 // test case looks a little more realistic.
285 start: 'b' consistent-error-on-a-a 'c' ;
286 ]])
287
288 m4_pushdef([AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT], [[a]])
289
290 # Unfortunately, no expected tokens are reported even though 'b' can be
291 # accepted. Nevertheless, the main point of this test is to make sure
292 # that at least the unexpected token is reported. In a previous version
293 # of Bison, it wasn't reported because the error is detected in a
294 # consistent state with an error action, and that case always triggered
295 # the simple "syntax error" message.
296 #
297 # The point isn't to test IELR here, but state merging happens to
298 # complicate this example.
299 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type ielr]],
300 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
301 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
302 [[$end]], [[none]])
303 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type ielr
304 %glr-parser]],
305 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
306 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
307 [[$end]], [[none]])
308 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type ielr
309 %language "c++"]],
310 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
311 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
312 [[$end]], [[none]])
313 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type ielr
314 %language "java"]],
315 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
316 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
317 [[end of input]], [[none]])
318
319 # Even canonical LR doesn't foresee the error for 'a'!
320 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type ielr
321 %define lr.default-reductions consistent]],
322 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
323 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
324 [[$end]], [[ab]])
325 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type ielr
326 %define lr.default-reductions accepting]],
327 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
328 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
329 [[$end]], [[ab]])
330 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type canonical-lr]],
331 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
332 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
333 [[$end]], [[ab]])
334
335 # Only LAC gets it right.
336 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type canonical-lr
337 %define parse.lac full]],
338 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
339 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
340 [[$end]], [[b]])
341 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type ielr
342 %define parse.lac full]],
343 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR],
344 [AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT],
345 [[$end]], [[b]])
346
347 m4_popdef([AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_GRAMMAR])
348 m4_popdef([AT_PREVIOUS_STATE_INPUT])
349
350 m4_pushdef([AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
351 [[%nonassoc 'a';
352
353 // If $$ = 0 here, then we know that the 'a' destructor is being invoked
354 // incorrectly for the 'b' set in the semantic action below. All 'a'
355 // tokens are returned by yylex, which sets $$ = 1.
356 %destructor {
357 if (!$$)
358 fprintf (stderr, "Wrong destructor.\n");
359 } 'a';
360
361 // Rather than depend on an inconsistent state to induce reading a
362 // lookahead as in the previous grammar, just assign the lookahead in a
363 // semantic action. That lookahead isn't needed before either error
364 // action is encountered. In a previous version of Bison, this was a
365 // problem as it meant yychar was not translated into yytoken before
366 // either error action. The second error action thus invoked a
367 // destructor that it selected according to the incorrect yytoken. The
368 // first error action would have reported an incorrect unexpected token
369 // except that, due to the bug described in the previous grammar, the
370 // unexpected token was not reported at all.
371 start: error-reduce consistent-error 'a' { USE ($][3); } ;
372
373 error-reduce:
374 'a' 'a' consistent-reduction consistent-error 'a'
375 { USE (($][1, $][2, $][5)); }
376 | 'a' error
377 { USE ($][1); }
378 ;
379
380 consistent-reduction: /*empty*/ {
381 assert (yychar == ]AT_SKEL_CC_IF([[yyempty_]], [[YYEMPTY]])[);
382 yylval = 0;
383 yychar = 'b';
384 } ;
385
386 consistent-error:
387 'a' { USE ($][1); }
388 | /*empty*/ %prec 'a'
389 ;
390
391 // Provide another context in which all rules are useful so that this
392 // test case looks a little more realistic.
393 start: 'b' consistent-error 'b' ;
394 ]])
395 m4_pushdef([AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT], [[aa]])
396
397 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[]],
398 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
399 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
400 [['b']], [[none]])
401 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%glr-parser]],
402 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
403 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
404 [['b']], [[none]])
405 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%language "c++"]],
406 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
407 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
408 [['b']], [[none]])
409 # No Java test because yychar cannot be manipulated by users.
410
411 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.default-reductions consistent]],
412 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
413 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
414 [['b']], [[none]])
415
416 # Canonical LR doesn't foresee the error for 'a'!
417 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.default-reductions accepting]],
418 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
419 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
420 [[$end]], [[a]])
421 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define lr.type canonical-lr]],
422 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
423 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
424 [[$end]], [[a]])
425
426 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define parse.lac full]],
427 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
428 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
429 [['b']], [[none]])
430 AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK([[%define parse.lac full
431 %define lr.default-reductions accepting]],
432 [AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR],
433 [AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT],
434 [[$end]], [[none]])
435
436 m4_popdef([AT_USER_ACTION_GRAMMAR])
437 m4_popdef([AT_USER_ACTION_INPUT])
438
439 m4_popdef([AT_CONSISTENT_ERRORS_CHECK])
440
441 AT_CLEANUP
442
443
444
445 ## ------------------------------------------------------- ##
446 ## LAC: %nonassoc requires splitting canonical LR states. ##
447 ## ------------------------------------------------------- ##
448
449 # This test case demonstrates that, when %nonassoc is used, canonical
450 # LR(1) parser table construction followed by conflict resolution
451 # without further state splitting is not always sufficient to produce a
452 # parser that can detect all syntax errors as soon as possible on one
453 # token of lookahead. However, LAC solves the problem completely even
454 # with minimal LR parser tables.
455
456 AT_SETUP([[LAC: %nonassoc requires splitting canonical LR states]])
457 AT_BISON_OPTION_PUSHDEFS
458 AT_DATA_GRAMMAR([[input.y]],
459 [[%code {
460 #include <stdio.h>
461 ]AT_YYERROR_DECLARE[
462 ]AT_YYLEX_DECLARE[
463 }
464
465 %error-verbose
466 %nonassoc 'a'
467
468 %%
469
470 start:
471 'a' problem 'a' // First context.
472 | 'b' problem 'b' // Second context.
473 | 'c' reduce-nonassoc // Just makes reduce-nonassoc useful.
474 ;
475
476 problem:
477 look reduce-nonassoc
478 | look 'a'
479 | look 'b'
480 ;
481
482 // For the state reached after shifting the 'a' in these productions,
483 // lookahead sets are the same in both the first and second contexts.
484 // Thus, canonical LR reuses the same state for both contexts. However,
485 // the lookahead 'a' for the reduction "look: 'a'" later becomes an
486 // error action only in the first context. In order to immediately
487 // detect the syntax error on 'a' here for only the first context, this
488 // canonical LR state would have to be split into two states, and the
489 // 'a' lookahead would have to be removed from only one of the states.
490 look:
491 'a' // Reduction lookahead set is always ['a', 'b'].
492 | 'a' 'b'
493 | 'a' 'c' // 'c' is forgotten as an expected token.
494 ;
495
496 reduce-nonassoc: %prec 'a';
497
498 %%
499 ]AT_YYERROR_DEFINE[
500 ]AT_YYLEX_DEFINE(["aaa"])[
501
502 int
503 main (void)
504 {
505 return yyparse ();
506 }
507 ]])
508 AT_BISON_OPTION_POPDEFS
509
510 # Show canonical LR's failure.
511 AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Dlr.type=canonical-lr -o input.c input.y]],
512 [[0]], [[]],
513 [[input.y: conflicts: 2 shift/reduce
514 ]])
515 AT_COMPILE([[input]])
516 AT_PARSER_CHECK([[./input]], [[1]], [[]],
517 [[syntax error, unexpected 'a', expecting 'b'
518 ]])
519
520 # It's corrected by LAC.
521 AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Dlr.type=canonical-lr -Dparse.lac=full \
522 -o input.c input.y]], [[0]], [[]],
523 [[input.y: conflicts: 2 shift/reduce
524 ]])
525 AT_COMPILE([[input]])
526 AT_PARSER_CHECK([[./input]], [[1]], [[]],
527 [[syntax error, unexpected 'a', expecting 'b' or 'c'
528 ]])
529
530 # IELR is sufficient when LAC is used.
531 AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Dlr.type=ielr -Dparse.lac=full -o input.c input.y]],
532 [[0]], [[]],
533 [[input.y: conflicts: 2 shift/reduce
534 ]])
535 AT_COMPILE([[input]])
536 AT_PARSER_CHECK([[./input]], [[1]], [[]],
537 [[syntax error, unexpected 'a', expecting 'b' or 'c'
538 ]])
539
540 AT_CLEANUP
541
542 ## ------------------------- ##
543 ## Unresolved SR Conflicts. ##
544 ## ------------------------- ##
545
546 AT_SETUP([Unresolved SR Conflicts])
547
548 AT_KEYWORDS([report])
549
550 AT_DATA([input.y],
551 [[%token NUM OP
552 %%
553 exp: exp OP exp | NUM;
554 ]])
555
556 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c --report=all input.y], 0, [],
557 [input.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce
558 ])
559
560 # Check the contents of the report.
561 AT_CHECK([cat input.output], [],
562 [[State 5 conflicts: 1 shift/reduce
563
564
565 Grammar
566
567 0 $accept: exp $end
568
569 1 exp: exp OP exp
570 2 | NUM
571
572
573 Terminals, with rules where they appear
574
575 $end (0) 0
576 error (256)
577 NUM (258) 2
578 OP (259) 1
579
580
581 Nonterminals, with rules where they appear
582
583 $accept (5)
584 on left: 0
585 exp (6)
586 on left: 1 2, on right: 0 1
587
588
589 State 0
590
591 0 $accept: . exp $end
592 1 exp: . exp OP exp
593 2 | . NUM
594
595 NUM shift, and go to state 1
596
597 exp go to state 2
598
599
600 State 1
601
602 2 exp: NUM .
603
604 $default reduce using rule 2 (exp)
605
606
607 State 2
608
609 0 $accept: exp . $end
610 1 exp: exp . OP exp
611
612 $end shift, and go to state 3
613 OP shift, and go to state 4
614
615
616 State 3
617
618 0 $accept: exp $end .
619
620 $default accept
621
622
623 State 4
624
625 1 exp: . exp OP exp
626 1 | exp OP . exp
627 2 | . NUM
628
629 NUM shift, and go to state 1
630
631 exp go to state 5
632
633
634 State 5
635
636 1 exp: exp . OP exp
637 1 | exp OP exp . [$end, OP]
638
639 OP shift, and go to state 4
640
641 OP [reduce using rule 1 (exp)]
642 $default reduce using rule 1 (exp)
643 ]])
644
645 AT_CLEANUP
646
647
648
649 ## ----------------------- ##
650 ## Resolved SR Conflicts. ##
651 ## ----------------------- ##
652
653 AT_SETUP([Resolved SR Conflicts])
654
655 AT_KEYWORDS([report])
656
657 AT_DATA([input.y],
658 [[%token NUM OP
659 %left OP
660 %%
661 exp: exp OP exp | NUM;
662 ]])
663
664 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c --report=all input.y])
665
666 # Check the contents of the report.
667 AT_CHECK([cat input.output], [],
668 [[Grammar
669
670 0 $accept: exp $end
671
672 1 exp: exp OP exp
673 2 | NUM
674
675
676 Terminals, with rules where they appear
677
678 $end (0) 0
679 error (256)
680 NUM (258) 2
681 OP (259) 1
682
683
684 Nonterminals, with rules where they appear
685
686 $accept (5)
687 on left: 0
688 exp (6)
689 on left: 1 2, on right: 0 1
690
691
692 State 0
693
694 0 $accept: . exp $end
695 1 exp: . exp OP exp
696 2 | . NUM
697
698 NUM shift, and go to state 1
699
700 exp go to state 2
701
702
703 State 1
704
705 2 exp: NUM .
706
707 $default reduce using rule 2 (exp)
708
709
710 State 2
711
712 0 $accept: exp . $end
713 1 exp: exp . OP exp
714
715 $end shift, and go to state 3
716 OP shift, and go to state 4
717
718
719 State 3
720
721 0 $accept: exp $end .
722
723 $default accept
724
725
726 State 4
727
728 1 exp: . exp OP exp
729 1 | exp OP . exp
730 2 | . NUM
731
732 NUM shift, and go to state 1
733
734 exp go to state 5
735
736
737 State 5
738
739 1 exp: exp . OP exp
740 1 | exp OP exp . [$end, OP]
741
742 $default reduce using rule 1 (exp)
743
744 Conflict between rule 1 and token OP resolved as reduce (%left OP).
745 ]])
746
747 AT_CLEANUP
748
749
750 ## -------------------------------- ##
751 ## Defaulted Conflicted Reduction. ##
752 ## -------------------------------- ##
753
754 # When there are RR conflicts, some rules are disabled. Usually it is
755 # simply displayed as:
756 #
757 # $end reduce using rule 3 (num)
758 # $end [reduce using rule 4 (id)]
759 #
760 # But when `reduce 3' is the default action, we'd produce:
761 #
762 # $end [reduce using rule 4 (id)]
763 # $default reduce using rule 3 (num)
764 #
765 # In this precise case (a reduction is masked by the default
766 # reduction), we make the `reduce 3' explicit:
767 #
768 # $end reduce using rule 3 (num)
769 # $end [reduce using rule 4 (id)]
770 # $default reduce using rule 3 (num)
771 #
772 # Maybe that's not the best display, but then, please propose something
773 # else.
774
775 AT_SETUP([Defaulted Conflicted Reduction])
776 AT_KEYWORDS([report])
777
778 AT_DATA([input.y],
779 [[%%
780 exp: num | id;
781 num: '0';
782 id : '0';
783 %%
784 ]])
785
786 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c --report=all input.y], 0, [],
787 [[input.y: conflicts: 1 reduce/reduce
788 input.y:4.6-8: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: id: '0'
789 ]])
790
791 # Check the contents of the report.
792 AT_CHECK([cat input.output], [],
793 [[Rules useless in parser due to conflicts
794
795 4 id: '0'
796
797
798 State 1 conflicts: 1 reduce/reduce
799
800
801 Grammar
802
803 0 $accept: exp $end
804
805 1 exp: num
806 2 | id
807
808 3 num: '0'
809
810 4 id: '0'
811
812
813 Terminals, with rules where they appear
814
815 $end (0) 0
816 '0' (48) 3 4
817 error (256)
818
819
820 Nonterminals, with rules where they appear
821
822 $accept (4)
823 on left: 0
824 exp (5)
825 on left: 1 2, on right: 0
826 num (6)
827 on left: 3, on right: 1
828 id (7)
829 on left: 4, on right: 2
830
831
832 State 0
833
834 0 $accept: . exp $end
835 1 exp: . num
836 2 | . id
837 3 num: . '0'
838 4 id: . '0'
839
840 '0' shift, and go to state 1
841
842 exp go to state 2
843 num go to state 3
844 id go to state 4
845
846
847 State 1
848
849 3 num: '0' . [$end]
850 4 id: '0' . [$end]
851
852 $end reduce using rule 3 (num)
853 $end [reduce using rule 4 (id)]
854 $default reduce using rule 3 (num)
855
856
857 State 2
858
859 0 $accept: exp . $end
860
861 $end shift, and go to state 5
862
863
864 State 3
865
866 1 exp: num .
867
868 $default reduce using rule 1 (exp)
869
870
871 State 4
872
873 2 exp: id .
874
875 $default reduce using rule 2 (exp)
876
877
878 State 5
879
880 0 $accept: exp $end .
881
882 $default accept
883 ]])
884
885 AT_CLEANUP
886
887
888
889
890 ## -------------------- ##
891 ## %expect not enough. ##
892 ## -------------------- ##
893
894 AT_SETUP([%expect not enough])
895
896 AT_DATA([input.y],
897 [[%token NUM OP
898 %expect 0
899 %%
900 exp: exp OP exp | NUM;
901 ]])
902
903 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y], 1, [],
904 [input.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce
905 input.y: error: expected 0 shift/reduce conflicts
906 ])
907 AT_CLEANUP
908
909
910 ## --------------- ##
911 ## %expect right. ##
912 ## --------------- ##
913
914 AT_SETUP([%expect right])
915
916 AT_DATA([input.y],
917 [[%token NUM OP
918 %expect 1
919 %%
920 exp: exp OP exp | NUM;
921 ]])
922
923 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y])
924 AT_CLEANUP
925
926
927 ## ------------------ ##
928 ## %expect too much. ##
929 ## ------------------ ##
930
931 AT_SETUP([%expect too much])
932
933 AT_DATA([input.y],
934 [[%token NUM OP
935 %expect 2
936 %%
937 exp: exp OP exp | NUM;
938 ]])
939
940 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y], 1, [],
941 [input.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce
942 input.y: error: expected 2 shift/reduce conflicts
943 ])
944 AT_CLEANUP
945
946
947 ## ------------------------------- ##
948 ## %expect with reduce conflicts. ##
949 ## ------------------------------- ##
950
951 AT_SETUP([%expect with reduce conflicts])
952
953 AT_DATA([input.y],
954 [[%expect 0
955 %%
956 program: a 'a' | a a;
957 a: 'a';
958 ]])
959
960 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y], 1, [],
961 [input.y: conflicts: 1 reduce/reduce
962 input.y: error: expected 0 reduce/reduce conflicts
963 ])
964 AT_CLEANUP
965
966
967 ## ------------------------- ##
968 ## %prec with user strings. ##
969 ## ------------------------- ##
970
971 AT_SETUP([%prec with user string])
972
973 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
974 [[%%
975 exp:
976 "foo" %prec "foo"
977 ;
978 ]])
979
980 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y])
981 AT_CLEANUP
982
983
984 ## -------------------------------- ##
985 ## %no-default-prec without %prec. ##
986 ## -------------------------------- ##
987
988 AT_SETUP([%no-default-prec without %prec])
989
990 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
991 [[%left '+'
992 %left '*'
993
994 %%
995
996 %no-default-prec;
997
998 e: e '+' e
999 | e '*' e
1000 | '0'
1001 ;
1002 ]])
1003
1004 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y], 0, [],
1005 [[input.y: conflicts: 4 shift/reduce
1006 ]])
1007 AT_CLEANUP
1008
1009
1010 ## ----------------------------- ##
1011 ## %no-default-prec with %prec. ##
1012 ## ----------------------------- ##
1013
1014 AT_SETUP([%no-default-prec with %prec])
1015
1016 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
1017 [[%left '+'
1018 %left '*'
1019
1020 %%
1021
1022 %no-default-prec;
1023
1024 e: e '+' e %prec '+'
1025 | e '*' e %prec '*'
1026 | '0'
1027 ;
1028 ]])
1029
1030 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y])
1031 AT_CLEANUP
1032
1033
1034 ## --------------- ##
1035 ## %default-prec. ##
1036 ## --------------- ##
1037
1038 AT_SETUP([%default-prec])
1039
1040 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
1041 [[%left '+'
1042 %left '*'
1043
1044 %%
1045
1046 %default-prec;
1047
1048 e: e '+' e
1049 | e '*' e
1050 | '0'
1051 ;
1052 ]])
1053
1054 AT_BISON_CHECK([-o input.c input.y])
1055 AT_CLEANUP
1056
1057
1058 ## ---------------------------------------------- ##
1059 ## Unreachable States After Conflict Resolution. ##
1060 ## ---------------------------------------------- ##
1061
1062 AT_SETUP([[Unreachable States After Conflict Resolution]])
1063
1064 # If conflict resolution makes states unreachable, remove those states, report
1065 # rules that are then unused, and don't report conflicts in those states. Test
1066 # what happens when a nonterminal becomes useless as a result of state removal
1067 # since that causes lalr.o's goto map to be rewritten.
1068
1069 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
1070 [[%output "input.c"
1071 %left 'a'
1072
1073 %%
1074
1075 start: resolved_conflict 'a' reported_conflicts 'a' ;
1076
1077 /* S/R conflict resolved as reduce, so the state with item
1078 * (resolved_conflict: 'a' . unreachable1) and all it transition successors are
1079 * unreachable, and the associated production is useless. */
1080 resolved_conflict:
1081 'a' unreachable1
1082 | %prec 'a'
1083 ;
1084
1085 /* S/R conflict that need not be reported since it is unreachable because of
1086 * the previous conflict resolution. Nonterminal unreachable1 and all its
1087 * productions are useless. */
1088 unreachable1:
1089 'a' unreachable2
1090 |
1091 ;
1092
1093 /* Likewise for a R/R conflict and nonterminal unreachable2. */
1094 unreachable2: | ;
1095
1096 /* Make sure remaining S/R and R/R conflicts are still reported correctly even
1097 * when their states are renumbered due to state removal. */
1098 reported_conflicts:
1099 'a'
1100 | 'a'
1101 |
1102 ;
1103
1104 ]])
1105
1106 AT_BISON_CHECK([[--report=all input.y]], 0, [],
1107 [[input.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce, 1 reduce/reduce
1108 input.y:12.5-20: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: resolved_conflict: 'a' unreachable1
1109 input.y:20.5-20: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: unreachable1: 'a' unreachable2
1110 input.y:21.4: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: unreachable1: /* empty */
1111 input.y:25.13: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: unreachable2: /* empty */
1112 input.y:25.16: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: unreachable2: /* empty */
1113 input.y:31.5-7: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: reported_conflicts: 'a'
1114 input.y:32.4: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: reported_conflicts: /* empty */
1115 ]])
1116
1117 AT_CHECK([[cat input.output]], 0,
1118 [[Rules useless in parser due to conflicts
1119
1120 2 resolved_conflict: 'a' unreachable1
1121
1122 4 unreachable1: 'a' unreachable2
1123 5 | /* empty */
1124
1125 6 unreachable2: /* empty */
1126 7 | /* empty */
1127
1128 9 reported_conflicts: 'a'
1129 10 | /* empty */
1130
1131
1132 State 4 conflicts: 1 shift/reduce
1133 State 5 conflicts: 1 reduce/reduce
1134
1135
1136 Grammar
1137
1138 0 $accept: start $end
1139
1140 1 start: resolved_conflict 'a' reported_conflicts 'a'
1141
1142 2 resolved_conflict: 'a' unreachable1
1143 3 | /* empty */
1144
1145 4 unreachable1: 'a' unreachable2
1146 5 | /* empty */
1147
1148 6 unreachable2: /* empty */
1149 7 | /* empty */
1150
1151 8 reported_conflicts: 'a'
1152 9 | 'a'
1153 10 | /* empty */
1154
1155
1156 Terminals, with rules where they appear
1157
1158 $end (0) 0
1159 'a' (97) 1 2 4 8 9
1160 error (256)
1161
1162
1163 Nonterminals, with rules where they appear
1164
1165 $accept (4)
1166 on left: 0
1167 start (5)
1168 on left: 1, on right: 0
1169 resolved_conflict (6)
1170 on left: 2 3, on right: 1
1171 unreachable1 (7)
1172 on left: 4 5, on right: 2
1173 unreachable2 (8)
1174 on left: 6 7, on right: 4
1175 reported_conflicts (9)
1176 on left: 8 9 10, on right: 1
1177
1178
1179 State 0
1180
1181 0 $accept: . start $end
1182 1 start: . resolved_conflict 'a' reported_conflicts 'a'
1183 2 resolved_conflict: . 'a' unreachable1
1184 3 | . ['a']
1185
1186 $default reduce using rule 3 (resolved_conflict)
1187
1188 start go to state 1
1189 resolved_conflict go to state 2
1190
1191 Conflict between rule 3 and token 'a' resolved as reduce (%left 'a').
1192
1193
1194 State 1
1195
1196 0 $accept: start . $end
1197
1198 $end shift, and go to state 3
1199
1200
1201 State 2
1202
1203 1 start: resolved_conflict . 'a' reported_conflicts 'a'
1204
1205 'a' shift, and go to state 4
1206
1207
1208 State 3
1209
1210 0 $accept: start $end .
1211
1212 $default accept
1213
1214
1215 State 4
1216
1217 1 start: resolved_conflict 'a' . reported_conflicts 'a'
1218 8 reported_conflicts: . 'a'
1219 9 | . 'a'
1220 10 | . ['a']
1221
1222 'a' shift, and go to state 5
1223
1224 'a' [reduce using rule 10 (reported_conflicts)]
1225
1226 reported_conflicts go to state 6
1227
1228
1229 State 5
1230
1231 8 reported_conflicts: 'a' . ['a']
1232 9 | 'a' . ['a']
1233
1234 'a' reduce using rule 8 (reported_conflicts)
1235 'a' [reduce using rule 9 (reported_conflicts)]
1236 $default reduce using rule 8 (reported_conflicts)
1237
1238
1239 State 6
1240
1241 1 start: resolved_conflict 'a' reported_conflicts . 'a'
1242
1243 'a' shift, and go to state 7
1244
1245
1246 State 7
1247
1248 1 start: resolved_conflict 'a' reported_conflicts 'a' .
1249
1250 $default reduce using rule 1 (start)
1251 ]])
1252
1253 AT_DATA([[input-keep.y]],
1254 [[%define lr.keep-unreachable-states
1255 ]])
1256 AT_CHECK([[cat input.y >> input-keep.y]])
1257
1258 AT_BISON_CHECK([[input-keep.y]], 0, [],
1259 [[input-keep.y: conflicts: 2 shift/reduce, 2 reduce/reduce
1260 input-keep.y:22.4: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: unreachable1: /* empty */
1261 input-keep.y:26.16: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: unreachable2: /* empty */
1262 input-keep.y:32.5-7: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: reported_conflicts: 'a'
1263 input-keep.y:33.4: warning: rule useless in parser due to conflicts: reported_conflicts: /* empty */
1264 ]])
1265
1266 AT_CLEANUP
1267
1268
1269 ## ------------------------------------------------------------ ##
1270 ## Solved conflicts report for multiple reductions in a state. ##
1271 ## ------------------------------------------------------------ ##
1272
1273 AT_SETUP([[Solved conflicts report for multiple reductions in a state]])
1274
1275 # Used to lose earlier solved conflict messages even within a single S/R/R.
1276
1277 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
1278 [[%left 'a'
1279 %right 'b'
1280 %right 'c'
1281 %right 'd'
1282 %%
1283 start:
1284 'a'
1285 | empty_a 'a'
1286 | 'b'
1287 | empty_b 'b'
1288 | 'c'
1289 | empty_c1 'c'
1290 | empty_c2 'c'
1291 | empty_c3 'c'
1292 ;
1293 empty_a: %prec 'a' ;
1294 empty_b: %prec 'b' ;
1295 empty_c1: %prec 'c' ;
1296 empty_c2: %prec 'c' ;
1297 empty_c3: %prec 'd' ;
1298 ]])
1299 AT_BISON_CHECK([[--report=all -o input.c input.y]], 0, [], [ignore])
1300 AT_CHECK([[cat input.output | sed -n '/^State 0$/,/^State 1$/p']], 0,
1301 [[State 0
1302
1303 0 $accept: . start $end
1304 1 start: . 'a'
1305 2 | . empty_a 'a'
1306 3 | . 'b'
1307 4 | . empty_b 'b'
1308 5 | . 'c'
1309 6 | . empty_c1 'c'
1310 7 | . empty_c2 'c'
1311 8 | . empty_c3 'c'
1312 9 empty_a: . ['a']
1313 10 empty_b: . []
1314 11 empty_c1: . []
1315 12 empty_c2: . []
1316 13 empty_c3: . ['c']
1317
1318 'b' shift, and go to state 1
1319
1320 'c' reduce using rule 13 (empty_c3)
1321 $default reduce using rule 9 (empty_a)
1322
1323 start go to state 2
1324 empty_a go to state 3
1325 empty_b go to state 4
1326 empty_c1 go to state 5
1327 empty_c2 go to state 6
1328 empty_c3 go to state 7
1329
1330 Conflict between rule 9 and token 'a' resolved as reduce (%left 'a').
1331 Conflict between rule 10 and token 'b' resolved as shift (%right 'b').
1332 Conflict between rule 11 and token 'c' resolved as shift (%right 'c').
1333 Conflict between rule 12 and token 'c' resolved as shift (%right 'c').
1334 Conflict between rule 13 and token 'c' resolved as reduce ('c' < 'd').
1335
1336
1337 State 1
1338 ]])
1339
1340 AT_CLEANUP
1341
1342
1343 ## ------------------------------------------------------------ ##
1344 ## %nonassoc error actions for multiple reductions in a state. ##
1345 ## ------------------------------------------------------------ ##
1346
1347 # Used to abort when trying to resolve conflicts as %nonassoc error actions for
1348 # multiple reductions in a state.
1349
1350 # For a %nonassoc error action token, used to print the first remaining
1351 # reduction on that token without brackets.
1352
1353 AT_SETUP([[%nonassoc error actions for multiple reductions in a state]])
1354
1355 AT_DATA([[input.y]],
1356 [[%nonassoc 'a' 'b' 'c'
1357 %%
1358 start:
1359 'a'
1360 | empty_a 'a'
1361 | 'b'
1362 | empty_b 'b'
1363 | 'c'
1364 | empty_c1 'c'
1365 | empty_c2 'c'
1366 | empty_c3 'c'
1367 ;
1368 empty_a: %prec 'a' ;
1369 empty_b: %prec 'b' ;
1370 empty_c1: %prec 'c' ;
1371 empty_c2: %prec 'c' ;
1372 empty_c3: %prec 'c' ;
1373 ]])
1374
1375 AT_BISON_CHECK([[--report=all -o input.c input.y]], 0, [], [ignore])
1376 AT_CHECK([[cat input.output | sed -n '/^State 0$/,/^State 1$/p']], 0,
1377 [[State 0
1378
1379 0 $accept: . start $end
1380 1 start: . 'a'
1381 2 | . empty_a 'a'
1382 3 | . 'b'
1383 4 | . empty_b 'b'
1384 5 | . 'c'
1385 6 | . empty_c1 'c'
1386 7 | . empty_c2 'c'
1387 8 | . empty_c3 'c'
1388 9 empty_a: . []
1389 10 empty_b: . []
1390 11 empty_c1: . []
1391 12 empty_c2: . ['c']
1392 13 empty_c3: . ['c']
1393
1394 'a' error (nonassociative)
1395 'b' error (nonassociative)
1396 'c' error (nonassociative)
1397
1398 'c' [reduce using rule 12 (empty_c2)]
1399 'c' [reduce using rule 13 (empty_c3)]
1400
1401 start go to state 1
1402 empty_a go to state 2
1403 empty_b go to state 3
1404 empty_c1 go to state 4
1405 empty_c2 go to state 5
1406 empty_c3 go to state 6
1407
1408 Conflict between rule 9 and token 'a' resolved as an error (%nonassoc 'a').
1409 Conflict between rule 10 and token 'b' resolved as an error (%nonassoc 'b').
1410 Conflict between rule 11 and token 'c' resolved as an error (%nonassoc 'c').
1411
1412
1413 State 1
1414 ]])
1415 AT_CLEANUP
1416
1417
1418 ## --------------------------------- ##
1419 ## -W versus %expect and %expect-rr ##
1420 ## --------------------------------- ##
1421
1422 AT_SETUP([[-W versus %expect and %expect-rr]])
1423
1424 AT_DATA([[sr-rr.y]],
1425 [[%glr-parser
1426 %%
1427 start: 'a' | A 'a' | B 'a' ;
1428 A: ;
1429 B: ;
1430 ]])
1431 AT_DATA([[sr.y]],
1432 [[%glr-parser
1433 %%
1434 start: 'a' | A 'a' ;
1435 A: ;
1436 ]])
1437 AT_DATA([[rr.y]],
1438 [[%glr-parser
1439 %%
1440 start: A | B ;
1441 A: ;
1442 B: ;
1443 ]])
1444
1445 AT_BISON_CHECK([[sr-rr.y]], [[0]], [[]],
1446 [[sr-rr.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce, 1 reduce/reduce
1447 ]])
1448 AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Wno-conflicts-sr sr-rr.y]], [[0]], [[]],
1449 [[sr-rr.y: conflicts: 1 reduce/reduce
1450 ]])
1451 AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Wno-conflicts-rr sr-rr.y]], [[0]], [[]],
1452 [[sr-rr.y: conflicts: 1 shift/reduce
1453 ]])
1454
1455 [for gram in sr-rr sr rr; do
1456 for sr_exp_i in '' 0 1 2; do
1457 for rr_exp_i in '' 0 1 2; do
1458 test -z "$sr_exp_i" && test -z "$rr_exp_i" && continue
1459
1460 # Build grammar file.
1461 sr_exp=0
1462 rr_exp=0
1463 file=$gram
1464 directives=
1465 if test -n "$sr_exp_i"; then
1466 sr_exp=$sr_exp_i
1467 file=$file-expect-$sr_exp
1468 directives="%expect $sr_exp"
1469 fi
1470 if test -n "$rr_exp_i"; then
1471 rr_exp=$rr_exp_i
1472 file=$file-expect-rr-$rr_exp
1473 directives="$directives %expect-rr $rr_exp"
1474 fi
1475 file=$file.y
1476 echo "$directives" > $file
1477 cat $gram.y >> $file
1478
1479 # Count actual conflicts.
1480 conflicts=
1481 sr_count=0
1482 rr_count=0
1483 if test $gram = sr || test $gram = sr-rr; then
1484 conflicts="1 shift/reduce"
1485 sr_count=1
1486 fi
1487 if test $gram = rr || test $gram = sr-rr; then
1488 if test -n "$conflicts"; then
1489 conflicts="$conflicts, "
1490 fi
1491 conflicts="${conflicts}1 reduce/reduce"
1492 rr_count=1
1493 fi
1494
1495 # Run tests.
1496 if test $sr_count -eq $sr_exp && test $rr_count -eq $rr_exp; then
1497 ]AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Wnone $file]])[
1498 ]AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Werror $file]])[
1499 else
1500 echo "$file: conflicts: $conflicts" > experr
1501 if test $sr_count -ne $sr_exp; then
1502 if test $sr_exp -ne 1; then s=s; else s= ; fi
1503 echo "$file: error: expected $sr_exp shift/reduce conflict$s" >> experr
1504 fi
1505 if test $rr_count -ne $rr_exp; then
1506 if test $rr_exp -ne 1; then s=s; else s= ; fi
1507 echo "$file: error: expected $rr_exp reduce/reduce conflict$s" >> experr
1508 fi
1509 ]AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Wnone $file]], [[1]], [[]], [[experr]])[
1510 ]AT_BISON_CHECK([[-Werror $file]], [[1]], [[]], [[experr]])[
1511 fi
1512 done
1513 done
1514 done]
1515
1516 AT_CLEANUP