1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
13 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-30 12:50+0300\n"
14 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
15 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
16 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
19 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
20 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
26 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
28 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
29 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
38 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
40 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
49 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
50 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
51 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
52 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
53 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
54 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
55 " &reportbug; command.\n"
61 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
63 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
64 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
65 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
72 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
73 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
74 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
75 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
81 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
83 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
90 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
91 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
92 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
93 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
94 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
95 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
106 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
107 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
108 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
119 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
120 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
121 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
122 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
123 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
124 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
125 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
136 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
137 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
138 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
139 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
140 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
141 " times to set different options.\n"
152 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
153 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
154 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
155 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
156 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
157 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
158 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
159 " or several other variations.\n"
165 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
166 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
167 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
168 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
169 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
176 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
177 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
178 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
179 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
187 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
188 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
189 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
198 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
199 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
200 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
201 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
209 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
210 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
211 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
220 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
221 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
222 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
223 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
224 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
225 " from a separate source\n"
226 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
227 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
235 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
236 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
237 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
246 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
247 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
248 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
249 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
257 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
258 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
259 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
268 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
269 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
270 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
272 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
280 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
281 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
282 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
291 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
292 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
293 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
294 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
302 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
303 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
304 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
305 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
314 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
315 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
316 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
317 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
318 " </para></listitem>\n"
327 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
328 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
329 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
330 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
336 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
337 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
338 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
339 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
340 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
341 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
342 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
345 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
346 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
347 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
354 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
355 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
356 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
357 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
358 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
359 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
360 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
361 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
362 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
369 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
370 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
376 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
377 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
383 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
384 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
385 "\"target_release\">"
391 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
392 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
398 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
399 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
405 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
406 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
412 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
413 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
419 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
420 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
426 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
427 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
433 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
434 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
435 "\"temporary_directory\">"
441 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
442 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
448 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
449 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
455 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
456 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
463 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
464 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
471 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
472 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
478 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
479 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
483 #: apt-get.8.xml:26 apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-key.8.xml:25 apt-mark.8.xml:26
484 #: apt-secure.8.xml:25 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26
488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
489 #: apt-get.8.xml:27 apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-key.8.xml:26 apt-mark.8.xml:27
490 #: apt-secure.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
491 #: apt.conf.5.xml:32 apt_preferences.5.xml:26 sources.list.5.xml:27
492 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27
496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
498 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
502 #: apt-get.8.xml:38 apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-key.8.xml:37 apt-mark.8.xml:38
503 #: apt-secure.8.xml:50 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
504 #: apt.conf.5.xml:41 apt_preferences.5.xml:36 sources.list.5.xml:36
505 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38
510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
513 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
514 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
515 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
516 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
520 #: apt-get.8.xml:44 apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-cdrom.8.xml:51 apt-config.8.xml:44
521 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54
523 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
524 "one of the commands below must be present."
527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
530 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
531 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
532 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
533 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
534 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
535 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
536 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
537 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
538 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
544 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
545 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
546 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
547 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
548 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
549 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
550 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
551 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
552 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
553 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
559 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
560 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
561 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
562 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
563 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
564 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
565 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
566 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
567 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
568 "individual packages."
571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
574 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
575 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
576 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
577 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
578 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
585 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
586 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
587 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
588 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
589 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the package"
590 "(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. The "
591 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
592 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
593 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
594 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
595 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
596 "get's conflict resolution system."
599 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
602 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
603 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
604 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
605 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
606 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
607 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
613 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
620 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
621 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
622 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
623 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
624 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
625 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
626 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
632 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
633 "installation policy for individual packages."
636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
639 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
640 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
641 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
642 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
643 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
644 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
651 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
652 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
653 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
654 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
655 "installed instead of removed."
658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
661 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
662 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
669 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
670 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
671 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
672 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
673 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
674 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
675 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
681 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
682 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
683 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
684 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
685 "versions or none at all."
688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
691 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
692 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
693 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
694 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
695 "package will not be unpacked."
698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
701 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
702 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
703 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
704 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
711 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
712 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
713 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
719 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
720 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
721 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
722 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
723 "option> option instead."
726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
729 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
730 "and checks for broken dependencies."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
736 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
743 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
744 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
745 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
746 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
747 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
748 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
755 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
756 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
757 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
758 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
759 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
760 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
764 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
767 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
768 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
769 "now no longer needed."
772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
775 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
776 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
777 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
778 "variable (e.g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs\">packages."
779 "debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://changelogs."
780 "ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> for "
781 "Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
782 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
783 "<option>install</option> command."
786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
787 #: apt-get.8.xml:258 apt-cache.8.xml:248 apt-mark.8.xml:108
788 #: apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
789 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504
793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
796 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
797 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
803 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
804 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
810 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
811 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
817 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
818 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
819 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
820 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
821 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
822 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
823 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
824 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
825 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
826 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
827 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
833 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
834 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
835 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
836 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
837 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
838 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
839 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
845 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
846 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
847 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
853 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
854 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
855 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
856 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
857 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
858 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
859 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
862 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
865 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
866 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
867 "Simulate</literal>."
870 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
873 "Simulated runs performed as a user will automatically deactivate locking "
874 "(<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>), and if the option <literal>APT::Get::"
875 "Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (as it is by default) a notice "
876 "will also be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation. Runs "
877 "performed as root do not trigger either NoLocking or the notice - superusers "
878 "should know what they are doing without further warnings from <literal>apt-"
882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
885 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
886 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
887 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
888 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
889 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
892 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
895 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
896 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
897 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
898 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
899 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
902 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
905 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
906 "Assume-No</literal>."
909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
912 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
913 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
919 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
920 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
926 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
927 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
928 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
929 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
930 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
931 "Architecture</literal>"
934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
937 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
938 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
944 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
945 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
946 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
947 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
950 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
953 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
954 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
955 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
956 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
959 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
962 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
963 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
964 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
965 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
971 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
972 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
973 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
974 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
975 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
981 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
982 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
983 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
984 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
985 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
986 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
987 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
988 "Print-URIs</literal>."
991 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
994 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
995 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
996 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
997 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
1000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1001 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
1003 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
1004 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
1007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1008 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
1010 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
1011 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
1012 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
1013 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
1014 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1015 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
1018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1019 #: apt-get.8.xml:450
1021 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
1022 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
1023 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
1024 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
1025 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
1026 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
1027 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
1028 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
1029 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
1032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1033 #: apt-get.8.xml:465
1035 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
1036 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
1037 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
1038 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
1041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1042 #: apt-get.8.xml:472
1044 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
1045 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
1048 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1049 #: apt-get.8.xml:478
1051 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
1052 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
1053 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
1054 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
1057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1058 #: apt-get.8.xml:485
1060 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
1061 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
1062 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
1063 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
1064 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
1065 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
1069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1070 #: apt-get.8.xml:496
1072 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
1073 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
1074 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
1077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1078 #: apt-get.8.xml:502
1080 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
1081 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
1084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1085 #: apt-get.8.xml:507
1087 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
1088 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1089 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
1092 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1093 #: apt-get.8.xml:518 apt-cache.8.xml:343 apt-key.8.xml:174 apt-mark.8.xml:125
1094 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1156 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1099 #: apt-get.8.xml:528 apt-cache.8.xml:350 apt-key.8.xml:195 apt-mark.8.xml:131
1100 #: apt-secure.8.xml:191 apt-cdrom.8.xml:144 apt-config.8.xml:109
1101 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1162 apt_preferences.5.xml:705 sources.list.5.xml:252
1102 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63
1103 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607
1106 msgstr "Consulte também"
1108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1109 #: apt-get.8.xml:529
1111 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
1112 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
1113 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
1116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1117 #: apt-get.8.xml:534 apt-cache.8.xml:355 apt-mark.8.xml:135
1118 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:149 apt-config.8.xml:114 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74
1119 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611
1123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1124 #: apt-get.8.xml:535
1126 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
1130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1131 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
1132 msgid "query the APT cache"
1135 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1136 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
1138 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
1139 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
1140 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
1141 "output from the package metadata."
1144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1145 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
1147 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
1148 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
1151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1152 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
1153 #: apt-cache.8.xml:185 apt-cache.8.xml:190 apt-cache.8.xml:206
1154 #: apt-cache.8.xml:224 apt-cache.8.xml:236
1155 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
1158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1159 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
1161 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
1162 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
1163 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
1164 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
1165 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
1166 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
1167 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
1168 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
1169 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
1172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1173 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
1176 "Package: libreadline2\n"
1177 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
1178 "Reverse Depends: \n"
1179 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
1180 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
1182 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
1185 "Reverse Provides: \n"
1188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1189 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
1191 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
1192 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
1193 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
1194 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
1195 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
1196 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
1197 "best to consult the apt source code."
1200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1201 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
1203 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
1204 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
1207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1208 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
1210 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
1214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1215 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
1217 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
1218 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
1219 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
1220 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
1223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1224 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
1226 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1227 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
1228 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
1229 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
1230 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
1231 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
1234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1235 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
1237 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
1238 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
1239 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
1240 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
1243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1244 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
1246 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1247 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
1248 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
1249 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
1252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1253 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
1255 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
1256 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
1257 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
1258 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
1259 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
1262 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1263 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
1265 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
1266 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
1267 "total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
1268 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
1269 "larger than the number of total package names."
1272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1273 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
1275 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
1276 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
1279 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1280 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
1282 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
1283 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
1284 "records that declare the name to be a binary package."
1287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1288 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
1290 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
1291 "It is primarily for debugging."
1294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1295 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
1297 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
1298 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
1301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1302 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
1304 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
1308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1309 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
1311 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
1312 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
1315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1316 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
1317 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
1320 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1321 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
1323 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
1324 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
1325 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
1326 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
1327 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
1328 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
1329 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
1330 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
1333 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1334 #: apt-cache.8.xml:181
1336 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
1340 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1341 #: apt-cache.8.xml:186
1343 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
1344 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
1347 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1348 #: apt-cache.8.xml:191
1350 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
1354 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1355 #: apt-cache.8.xml:195
1357 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
1359 "<programlisting>\n"
1360 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1363 #: apt-cache.8.xml:196
1365 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
1366 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
1367 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
1368 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
1372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1373 #: apt-cache.8.xml:201
1375 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
1376 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
1377 "the generated list."
1380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1381 #: apt-cache.8.xml:207
1383 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
1384 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1385 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
1386 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
1387 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
1388 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
1389 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
1390 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
1393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1394 #: apt-cache.8.xml:216
1396 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
1397 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
1398 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
1399 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
1402 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1403 #: apt-cache.8.xml:221
1404 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
1407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1408 #: apt-cache.8.xml:225
1410 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
1411 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
1414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1415 #: apt-cache.8.xml:229
1417 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
1419 "<programlisting>\n"
1420 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1423 #: apt-cache.8.xml:230
1425 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
1426 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
1427 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
1428 "selection of the named package."
1431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1432 #: apt-cache.8.xml:237
1434 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
1435 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
1436 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
1437 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
1438 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
1439 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
1440 "Architecture</literal>)."
1443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1444 #: apt-cache.8.xml:253
1446 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
1447 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
1448 "pkgcache</literal>."
1451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1452 #: apt-cache.8.xml:259
1454 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
1455 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
1456 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
1457 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
1458 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
1461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1462 #: apt-cache.8.xml:267
1464 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1465 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1466 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
1467 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1471 #: apt-cache.8.xml:274
1473 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
1474 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
1475 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
1478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1479 #: apt-cache.8.xml:288
1481 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
1482 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1483 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1484 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1485 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1489 #: apt-cache.8.xml:295
1491 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1492 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1496 #: apt-cache.8.xml:300
1498 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1499 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1500 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1501 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1502 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1503 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1507 #: apt-cache.8.xml:309
1509 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1510 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1511 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1514 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1515 #: apt-cache.8.xml:315
1517 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1518 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1522 #: apt-cache.8.xml:320
1524 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1525 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1526 "AllNames</literal>."
1529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1530 #: apt-cache.8.xml:326
1532 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1533 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1534 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1537 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1538 #: apt-cache.8.xml:333
1540 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1541 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1542 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1546 #: apt-cache.8.xml:351
1547 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1551 #: apt-cache.8.xml:356
1553 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1557 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1559 msgid "APT key management utility"
1562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1565 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
1566 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
1567 "keys will be considered trusted."
1570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1578 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
1579 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
1580 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
1583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1585 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
1588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1590 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
1593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1595 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
1598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1600 msgid "List trusted keys."
1603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1604 #: apt-key.8.xml:107
1605 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
1608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1609 #: apt-key.8.xml:118
1611 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
1615 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1616 #: apt-key.8.xml:130
1618 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
1619 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
1620 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
1621 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
1625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1626 #: apt-key.8.xml:144
1628 "Perform an update working similarly to the <command>update</command> command "
1629 "above, but get the archive keyring from a URI instead and validate it "
1630 "against a master key. This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build "
1631 "configured to have a server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. "
1632 "APT in Debian does not support this command, relying on <command>update</"
1633 "command> instead, but Ubuntu's APT does."
1636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1637 #: apt-key.8.xml:160 apt-cdrom.8.xml:80
1641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1642 #: apt-key.8.xml:161
1644 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
1648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1649 #: apt-key.8.xml:164
1651 "With this option it is possible to specify a particular keyring file the "
1652 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
1653 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
1654 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
1655 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
1659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1660 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
1662 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
1663 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
1665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1666 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
1667 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
1670 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1671 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
1672 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
1675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1676 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
1677 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
1680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1681 #: apt-key.8.xml:187
1683 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
1686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1687 #: apt-key.8.xml:188
1688 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
1691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1692 #: apt-key.8.xml:197
1694 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
1695 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1698 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
1699 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
1702 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1703 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
1705 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
1706 "being automatically installed."
1709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1710 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
1712 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
1713 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
1714 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
1715 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
1716 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
1719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1720 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
1722 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
1723 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
1724 "installed packages depend on this package."
1727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1728 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
1730 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
1731 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
1732 "if no other packages depend on it."
1735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1736 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
1738 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as held back, which will "
1739 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
1740 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
1741 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
1742 "affected by the <option>--file</option> option."
1745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1746 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
1748 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
1749 "package to allow all actions again."
1752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1753 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
1755 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
1756 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
1757 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
1758 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
1761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1762 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
1764 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
1765 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
1766 "installed packages instead."
1769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1770 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
1772 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
1773 "the same way as for the other show commands."
1776 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1777 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
1779 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
1780 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
1781 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
1782 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
1785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1786 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136
1788 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
1792 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1793 #: apt-secure.8.xml:47
1794 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
1797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1798 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52
1800 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
1801 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
1802 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
1803 "the Release file signing key."
1806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1807 #: apt-secure.8.xml:60
1809 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature, or with a signature "
1810 "that apt does not have a key for, that package is considered untrusted, and "
1811 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
1812 "currently only warn for unsigned archives; future releases might force all "
1813 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
1816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1817 #: apt-secure.8.xml:69
1819 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
1820 "authentication feature."
1823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1824 #: apt-secure.8.xml:74
1825 msgid "Trusted archives"
1828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1829 #: apt-secure.8.xml:77
1831 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of several "
1832 "steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this chain; "
1833 "trusting an archive does not mean that you trust its packages not to contain "
1834 "malicious code, but means that you trust the archive maintainer. It's the "
1835 "archive maintainer's responsibility to ensure that the archive's integrity "
1839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1840 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
1842 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
1843 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
1844 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
1845 "packages respectively)."
1848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1849 #: apt-secure.8.xml:92
1851 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
1852 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. In order to become "
1853 "effective, this upload needs to be signed by a key contained in the Debian "
1854 "Maintainers keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). Maintainers' "
1855 "keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established procedures to "
1856 "ensure the identity of the key holder."
1859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1860 #: apt-secure.8.xml:102
1862 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
1863 "maintainer signature is stripped off, and checksums of the package are "
1864 "computed and put in the Packages file. The checksums of all of the Packages "
1865 "files are then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is "
1866 "then signed by the archive key for this Debian release, and distributed "
1867 "alongside the packages and the Packages files on Debian mirrors. The keys "
1868 "are in the Debian archive keyring available in the <package>debian-archive-"
1869 "keyring</package> package."
1872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1873 #: apt-secure.8.xml:113
1875 "End users can check the signature of the Release file, extract a checksum of "
1876 "a package from it and compare it with the checksum of the package they "
1877 "downloaded by hand - or rely on APT doing this automatically."
1880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1881 #: apt-secure.8.xml:118
1883 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
1884 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
1887 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1888 #: apt-secure.8.xml:123
1890 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
1891 "checking, malicious agents can introduce themselves into the package "
1892 "download process and provide malicious software either by controlling a "
1893 "network element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue "
1894 "server (through ARP or DNS spoofing attacks)."
1897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1898 #: apt-secure.8.xml:131
1900 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
1901 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
1902 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
1906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1907 #: apt-secure.8.xml:138
1909 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
1910 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
1911 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
1912 "package signature."
1915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1916 #: apt-secure.8.xml:144
1917 msgid "User configuration"
1920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1921 #: apt-secure.8.xml:146
1923 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
1924 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys, although an installation of "
1925 "this release will automatically contain the default Debian archive signing "
1926 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
1929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1930 #: apt-secure.8.xml:153
1932 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
1933 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
1934 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
1935 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
1936 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
1940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1941 #: apt-secure.8.xml:162
1942 msgid "Archive configuration"
1945 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1946 #: apt-secure.8.xml:164
1948 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
1949 "maintenance you have to:"
1952 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1953 #: apt-secure.8.xml:169
1955 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
1956 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
1957 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
1960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1961 #: apt-secure.8.xml:174
1963 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
1964 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
1965 "gpg Release</command>."
1968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1969 #: apt-secure.8.xml:178
1971 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
1972 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
1976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1977 #: apt-secure.8.xml:185
1979 "Whenever the contents of the archive change (new packages are added or "
1980 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps outlined "
1984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1985 #: apt-secure.8.xml:193
1987 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
1988 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
1991 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1992 #: apt-secure.8.xml:197
1994 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
1995 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
1996 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
1997 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1998 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
1999 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
2002 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2003 #: apt-secure.8.xml:210
2004 msgid "Manpage Authors"
2007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2008 #: apt-secure.8.xml:212
2010 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
2011 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
2014 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2015 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
2016 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
2019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2020 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
2022 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
2023 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
2024 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
2025 "burns and verifying the index files."
2028 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2029 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
2031 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
2032 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
2033 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
2036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2037 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
2039 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
2040 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
2041 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
2042 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
2046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2047 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
2049 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
2050 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
2054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2055 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
2057 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
2061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2062 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:85
2064 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
2065 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
2066 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
2069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2070 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:94
2072 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
2073 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
2074 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
2077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2078 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:103
2080 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
2081 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
2082 "NoMount</literal>."
2085 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2086 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:111
2088 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
2089 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
2090 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
2091 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
2094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2095 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:121
2097 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
2098 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
2099 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
2102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2103 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:132
2105 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
2106 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
2107 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
2110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2111 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:145
2113 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
2114 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2117 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:150
2119 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2124 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
2125 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
2128 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2129 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
2131 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
2132 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
2133 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
2134 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
2137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2138 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
2140 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
2141 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
2142 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
2143 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
2147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
2148 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
2152 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
2156 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2157 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
2159 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
2160 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
2163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2164 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
2166 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
2167 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
2168 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
2171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2172 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
2173 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
2176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2177 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
2179 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
2180 "empty to remove them from the output."
2183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
2184 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
2185 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
2188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2189 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
2191 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
2192 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
2193 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
2194 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
2195 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
2196 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
2199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2200 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
2201 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
2209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2210 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
2212 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
2217 #: apt.conf.5.xml:20
2218 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
2221 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
2222 #: apt.conf.5.xml:21
2223 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
2226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
2227 #: apt.conf.5.xml:31 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
2231 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2232 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
2233 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
2236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2237 #: apt.conf.5.xml:42
2239 "<filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file shared "
2240 "by all the tools in the APT suite of tools, though it is by no means the "
2241 "only place options can be set. The suite also shares a common command line "
2242 "parser to provide a uniform environment."
2245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
2246 #: apt.conf.5.xml:48
2248 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
2252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2253 #: apt.conf.5.xml:50
2255 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
2259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2260 #: apt.conf.5.xml:52
2262 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
2263 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
2264 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
2265 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
2266 "ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
2267 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will "
2268 "be silently ignored."
2271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2272 #: apt.conf.5.xml:59
2274 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
2277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2278 #: apt.conf.5.xml:61
2280 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
2281 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
2284 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2285 #: apt.conf.5.xml:65
2289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2290 #: apt.conf.5.xml:66
2292 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
2293 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
2294 "notation; for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
2295 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
2296 "their parent groups."
2299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2300 #: apt.conf.5.xml:72
2302 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
2303 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
2304 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
2305 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
2306 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The "
2307 "quotation marks and trailing semicolon are required. The value must be on "
2308 "one line, and there is no kind of string concatenation. Values must not "
2309 "include backslashes or extra quotation marks. Option names are made up of "
2310 "alphanumeric characters and the characters \"/-:._+\". A new scope can be "
2311 "opened with curly braces, like this:"
2314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2315 #: apt.conf.5.xml:85
2320 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
2321 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
2326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2327 #: apt.conf.5.xml:93
2329 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
2330 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
2331 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, separated by a semicolon."
2334 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2335 #: apt.conf.5.xml:98
2337 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
2340 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2341 #: apt.conf.5.xml:101
2343 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
2344 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
2347 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2348 #: apt.conf.5.xml:105
2350 "Case is not significant in names of configuration items, so in the previous "
2351 "example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
2354 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2355 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
2357 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as can "
2358 "be seen in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. If "
2359 "you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
2360 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option in the same way as "
2361 "any other option by reassigning a new value to the option."
2364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2365 #: apt.conf.5.xml:113
2367 "Two special commands are defined: <literal>#include</literal> (which is "
2368 "deprecated and not supported by alternative implementations) and "
2369 "<literal>#clear</literal>. <literal>#include</literal> will include the "
2370 "given file, unless the filename ends in a slash, in which case the whole "
2371 "directory is included. <literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of "
2372 "the configuration tree. The specified element and all its descendants are "
2373 "erased. (Note that these lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
2376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2377 #: apt.conf.5.xml:123
2379 "The <literal>#clear</literal> command is the only way to delete a list or a "
2380 "complete scope. Reopening a scope (or using the syntax described below with "
2381 "an appended <literal>::</literal>) will <emphasis>not</emphasis> override "
2382 "previously written entries. Options can only be overridden by addressing a "
2383 "new value to them - lists and scopes can't be overridden, only cleared."
2386 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2387 #: apt.conf.5.xml:131
2389 "All of the APT tools take an -o option which allows an arbitrary "
2390 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
2391 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
2392 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
2393 "element to a list, add a trailing <literal>::</literal> to the name of the "
2394 "list. (As you might suspect, the scope syntax can't be used on the command "
2398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2399 #: apt.conf.5.xml:139
2401 "Note that appending items to a list using <literal>::</literal> only works "
2402 "for one item per line, and that you should not use it in combination with "
2403 "the scope syntax (which adds <literal>::</literal> implicitly). Using both "
2404 "syntaxes together will trigger a bug which some users unfortunately depend "
2405 "on: an option with the unusual name \"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts "
2406 "like every other option with a name. This introduces many problems; for one "
2407 "thing, users who write multiple lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> "
2408 "syntax in the hope of appending to a list will achieve the opposite, as only "
2409 "the last assignment for this option \"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. "
2410 "Future versions of APT will raise errors and stop working if they encounter "
2411 "this misuse, so please correct such statements now while APT doesn't "
2412 "explicitly complain about them."
2415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2416 #: apt.conf.5.xml:154
2417 msgid "The APT Group"
2420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2421 #: apt.conf.5.xml:155
2423 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
2424 "options for all of the tools."
2427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2428 #: apt.conf.5.xml:160
2430 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
2431 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
2435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2436 #: apt.conf.5.xml:167
2438 "All Architectures the system supports. For instance, CPUs implementing the "
2439 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) "
2440 "instruction set are also able to execute binaries compiled for the "
2441 "<literal>i386</literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set. This list "
2442 "is used when fetching files and parsing package lists. The initial default "
2443 "is always the system's native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</"
2444 "literal>), and foreign architectures are added to the default list when they "
2445 "are registered via <command>dpkg --add-architecture</command>."
2448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2449 #: apt.conf.5.xml:180
2451 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version is "
2452 "available. Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: "
2453 "'stable', 'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', "
2454 "'4.0', '5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
2457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2458 #: apt.conf.5.xml:186
2460 "Ignore held packages; this global option causes the problem resolver to "
2461 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
2464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2465 #: apt.conf.5.xml:191
2467 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
2468 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
2469 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
2470 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
2473 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2474 #: apt.conf.5.xml:199
2476 "Defaults to on, which will cause APT to install essential and important "
2477 "packages as soon as possible in an install/upgrade operation, in order to "
2478 "limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call. If this option is disabled, APT "
2479 "treats an important package in the same way as an extra package: between the "
2480 "unpacking of the package A and its configuration there can be many other "
2481 "unpack or configuration calls for other unrelated packages B, C etc. If "
2482 "these cause the &dpkg; call to fail (e.g. because package B's maintainer "
2483 "scripts generate an error), this results in a system state in which package "
2484 "A is unpacked but unconfigured - so any package depending on A is now no "
2485 "longer guaranteed to work, as its dependency on A is no longer satisfied."
2488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2489 #: apt.conf.5.xml:211
2491 "The immediate configuration marker is also applied in the potentially "
2492 "problematic case of circular dependencies, since a dependency with the "
2493 "immediate flag is equivalent to a Pre-Dependency. In theory this allows APT "
2494 "to recognise a situation in which it is unable to perform immediate "
2495 "configuration, abort, and suggest to the user that the option should be "
2496 "temporarily deactivated in order to allow the operation to proceed. Note "
2497 "the use of the word \"theory\" here; in the real world this problem has "
2498 "rarely been encountered, in non-stable distribution versions, and was caused "
2499 "by wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an "
2500 "already broken state; so you should not blindly disable this option, as the "
2501 "scenario mentioned above is not the only problem it can help to prevent in "
2505 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2506 #: apt.conf.5.xml:224
2508 "Before a big operation like <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> is run with this "
2509 "option disabled you should try to explicitly <literal>install</literal> the "
2510 "package APT is unable to configure immediately; but please make sure you "
2511 "also report your problem to your distribution and to the APT team with the "
2512 "buglink below, so they can work on improving or correcting the upgrade "
2516 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2517 #: apt.conf.5.xml:235
2519 "Never enable this option unless you <emphasis>really</emphasis> know what "
2520 "you are doing. It permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to "
2521 "break a Conflicts/Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depends loop between two "
2522 "essential packages. <emphasis>Such a loop should never exist and is a grave "
2523 "bug</emphasis>. This option will work if the essential packages are not "
2524 "<command>tar</command>, <command>gzip</command>, <command>libc</command>, "
2525 "<command>dpkg</command>, <command>dash</command> or anything that those "
2526 "packages depend on."
2529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2530 #: apt.conf.5.xml:247
2532 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
2533 "the available information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint of "
2534 "the size the cache will grow to, and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
2535 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
2536 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT; otherwise it will "
2537 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
2538 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
2539 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
2540 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the cache size will be increased in the event "
2541 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. This "
2542 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
2543 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
2544 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
2545 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
2546 "automatic growth of the cache is disabled."
2549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2550 #: apt.conf.5.xml:263
2551 msgid "Defines which packages are considered essential build dependencies."
2554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2555 #: apt.conf.5.xml:267
2557 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool; please see its documentation "
2558 "for more information about the options here."
2561 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2562 #: apt.conf.5.xml:272
2564 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool; please see its "
2565 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2569 #: apt.conf.5.xml:277
2571 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool; please see its "
2572 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2576 #: apt.conf.5.xml:283
2577 msgid "The Acquire Group"
2580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2581 #: apt.conf.5.xml:284
2583 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
2584 "packages as well as the various \"acquire methods\" responsible for the "
2585 "download itself (see also &sources-list;)."
2588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2589 #: apt.conf.5.xml:291
2591 "Security related option defaulting to true, as giving a Release file's "
2592 "validation an expiration date prevents replay attacks over a long timescale, "
2593 "and can also for example help users to identify mirrors that are no longer "
2594 "updated - but the feature depends on the correctness of the clock on the "
2595 "user system. Archive maintainers are encouraged to create Release files with "
2596 "the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header, but if they don't or a stricter "
2597 "value is desired the <literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option below can be "
2601 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2602 #: apt.conf.5.xml:304
2604 "Maximum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2605 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2606 "should be considered valid. If the Release file itself includes a "
2607 "<literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of the two is used as "
2608 "the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</literal> which stands "
2609 "for \"valid forever\". Archive specific settings can be made by appending "
2610 "the label of the archive to the option name."
2613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2614 #: apt.conf.5.xml:316
2616 "Minimum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2617 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2618 "should be considered valid. Use this if you need to use a seldom updated "
2619 "(local) mirror of a more frequently updated archive with a <literal>Valid-"
2620 "Until</literal> header instead of completely disabling the expiration date "
2621 "checking. Archive specific settings can and should be used by appending the "
2622 "label of the archive to the option name."
2625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2626 #: apt.conf.5.xml:328
2628 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for indexes (like "
2629 "<filename>Packages</filename> files) instead of downloading whole ones. True "
2633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2634 #: apt.conf.5.xml:331
2636 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: "
2637 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be used to specify a maximum number of "
2638 "PDiff files should be downloaded to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</"
2639 "literal> on the other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all "
2640 "patches compared to the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is "
2641 "exceeded the complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
2644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2645 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341
2647 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
2648 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
2649 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
2650 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
2651 "connection per URI type will be opened."
2654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2655 #: apt.conf.5.xml:349
2657 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
2658 "files the given number of times."
2661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2662 #: apt.conf.5.xml:354
2664 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
2665 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
2668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2669 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
2671 "<literal>http::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for HTTP URIs. "
2672 "It is in the standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2673 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2674 "<literal>http::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2675 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2676 "settings is specified, <envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will "
2680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2681 #: apt.conf.5.xml:367
2683 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
2684 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy not to use its cached "
2685 "response under any circumstances. <literal>Max-Age</literal> sets the "
2686 "allowed maximum age (in seconds) of an index file in the cache of the "
2687 "proxy. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the proxy should not "
2688 "store the requested archive files in its cache, which can be used to prevent "
2689 "the proxy from polluting its cache with (big) .deb files."
2692 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2693 #: apt.conf.5.xml:377 apt.conf.5.xml:449
2695 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
2696 "method; this value applies to the connection as well as the data timeout."
2699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2700 #: apt.conf.5.xml:380
2702 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
2703 "enable HTTP pipelining (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
2704 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are sent in a "
2705 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
2706 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
2707 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
2708 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
2711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2712 #: apt.conf.5.xml:387
2714 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls whether APT will "
2715 "follow redirects, which is enabled by default."
2718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2719 #: apt.conf.5.xml:390
2721 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
2722 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobytes. The default value is 0 "
2723 "which deactivates the limit and tries to use all available bandwidth (note "
2724 "that this option implicitly disables downloading from multiple servers at "
2728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2729 #: apt.conf.5.xml:395
2731 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
2732 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
2733 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
2736 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2737 #: apt.conf.5.xml:403
2739 "The <literal>Cache-control</literal>, <literal>Timeout</literal>, "
2740 "<literal>AllowRedirect</literal>, <literal>Dl-Limit</literal> and "
2741 "<literal>proxy</literal> options work for HTTPS URIs in the same way as for "
2742 "the <literal>http</literal> method, and default to the same values if they "
2743 "are not explicitly set. The <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is not "
2747 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2748 #: apt.conf.5.xml:411
2750 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
2751 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is the "
2752 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
2753 "suboption determines whether or not the server's host certificate should be "
2754 "verified against trusted certificates. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</"
2755 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</"
2756 "literal> boolean suboption determines whether or not the server's hostname "
2757 "should be verified. <literal><host>::Verify-Host</literal> is the "
2758 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslCert</literal> determines what "
2759 "certificate to use for client authentication. <literal><host>::"
2760 "SslCert</literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslKey</"
2761 "literal> determines what private key to use for client authentication. "
2762 "<literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is the corresponding per-host "
2763 "option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides default SSL version to "
2764 "use. It can contain either of the strings '<literal>TLSv1</literal>' or "
2765 "'<literal>SSLv3</literal>'. <literal><host>::SslForceVersion</"
2766 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option."
2769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2770 #: apt.conf.5.xml:432
2772 "<literal>ftp::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for FTP URIs. "
2773 "It is in the standard form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2774 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2775 "<literal>ftp::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2776 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2777 "settings is specified, <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be "
2778 "used. To use an FTP proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</"
2779 "literal> script in the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands "
2780 "to send to tell the proxy server what to connect to. Please see "
2781 "&configureindex; for an example of how to do this. The substitution "
2782 "variables representing the corresponding URI component are <literal>"
2783 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal>, <literal>"
2784 "$(SITE_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE)</"
2785 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal>."
2788 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2789 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
2791 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
2792 "to leave passive mode on; it works in nearly every environment. However, "
2793 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode FTP used "
2794 "instead. This can be done globally or for connections that go through a "
2795 "proxy or for a specific host (see the sample config file for examples)."
2798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2799 #: apt.conf.5.xml:459
2801 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
2802 "envar> environment variable to an HTTP URL - see the discussion of the http "
2803 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
2804 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
2807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2808 #: apt.conf.5.xml:464
2810 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
2811 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
2812 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
2813 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
2814 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
2817 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
2818 #: apt.conf.5.xml:478
2820 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
2823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2824 #: apt.conf.5.xml:473
2826 "For URIs using the <literal>cdrom</literal> method, the only configurable "
2827 "option is the mount point, <literal>cdrom::Mount</literal>, which must be "
2828 "the mount point for the CD-ROM (or DVD, or whatever) drive as specified in "
2829 "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to provide alternate mount "
2830 "and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be listed in the fstab. The "
2831 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
2832 "<literal>cdrom</literal> block. It is important to have the trailing slash. "
2833 "Unmount commands can be specified using UMount."
2836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2837 #: apt.conf.5.xml:486
2839 "For GPGV URIs the only configurable option is <literal>gpgv::Options</"
2840 "literal>, which passes additional parameters to gpgv."
2843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2844 #: apt.conf.5.xml:497
2846 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
2849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2850 #: apt.conf.5.xml:492
2852 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
2853 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
2854 "compression formats. By default the acquire methods can decompress "
2855 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
2856 "command> compressed files; with this setting more formats can be added on "
2857 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
2858 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
2861 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2862 #: apt.conf.5.xml:502
2864 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
2867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2868 #: apt.conf.5.xml:505
2870 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
2873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2874 #: apt.conf.5.xml:498
2876 "Also, the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
2877 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
2878 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
2879 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simply add the "
2880 "preferred type first - default types not already added will be implicitly "
2881 "appended to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
2882 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
2883 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
2884 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
2885 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this: "
2886 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
2887 "<literal>bz2</literal> to the list explicitly as it will be added "
2891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
2892 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
2894 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
2897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2898 #: apt.conf.5.xml:507
2900 "Note that the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable></"
2901 "literal> will be checked at run time. If this option has been set, the "
2902 "method will only be used if this file exists; e.g. for the <literal>bzip2</"
2903 "literal> method (the inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout"
2904 "\" id=\"0\"/> Note also that list entries specified on the command line will "
2905 "be added at the end of the list specified in the configuration files, but "
2906 "before the default entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones "
2907 "specified in the configuration files you can set the option direct - not in "
2908 "list style. This will not override the defined list; it will only prefix "
2909 "the list with this type."
2912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2913 #: apt.conf.5.xml:517
2915 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
2916 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
2917 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
2920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2921 #: apt.conf.5.xml:524
2923 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
2924 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
2925 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
2926 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
2929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2930 #: apt.conf.5.xml:532
2932 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
2933 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the description-"
2934 "translations. APT will try to display the first available description in the "
2935 "language which is listed first. Languages can be defined with their short or "
2936 "long language codes. Note that not all archives provide "
2937 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every language - the long "
2938 "language codes are especially rare."
2941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
2942 #: apt.conf.5.xml:549
2944 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
2947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2948 #: apt.conf.5.xml:537
2950 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
2951 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: it will be "
2952 "replaced at runtime with the language codes extracted from the "
2953 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
2954 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
2955 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
2956 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
2957 "force APT to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
2958 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
2959 "meaning code which will stop the search for a suitable "
2960 "<filename>Translation</filename> file. This tells APT to download these "
2961 "translations too, without actually using them unless the environment "
2962 "specifies the languages. So the following example configuration will result "
2963 "in the order \"en, de\" in an English locale or \"de, en\" in a German one. "
2964 "Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used unless APT is used in a French "
2965 "locale (where the order would be \"fr, de, en\"). <placeholder type="
2966 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
2969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2970 #: apt.conf.5.xml:550
2972 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
2973 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
2974 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
2975 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
2978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2979 #: apt.conf.5.xml:560
2983 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2984 #: apt.conf.5.xml:562
2986 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
2987 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
2988 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
2989 "&dpkg; status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
2990 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
2991 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub-items if they do not "
2992 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
2995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2996 #: apt.conf.5.xml:569
2998 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
2999 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3000 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3001 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3002 "be turned off by setting their names to the empty string. This will slow "
3003 "down startup but save disk space. It is probably preferable to turn off the "
3004 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3005 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3008 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3009 #: apt.conf.5.xml:578
3011 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3012 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3013 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3014 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3015 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3019 #: apt.conf.5.xml:584
3021 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3022 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3023 "main config file is loaded."
3026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3027 #: apt.conf.5.xml:588
3029 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3030 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3031 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3032 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3033 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3034 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3038 #: apt.conf.5.xml:596
3040 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3041 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3042 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3043 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3044 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3045 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3046 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3051 #: apt.conf.5.xml:609
3053 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3054 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3055 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3056 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3057 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3058 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3062 #: apt.conf.5.xml:618
3063 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3067 #: apt.conf.5.xml:620
3069 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3070 "control the default behavior. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3075 #: apt.conf.5.xml:625
3077 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of <literal>always</literal>, "
3078 "<literal>prompt</literal>, <literal>auto</literal>, <literal>pre-auto</"
3079 "literal> and <literal>never</literal>. <literal>always</literal> and "
3080 "<literal>prompt</literal> will remove all packages from the cache after "
3081 "upgrading, <literal>prompt</literal> (the default) does so conditionally. "
3082 "<literal>auto</literal> removes only those packages which are no longer "
3083 "downloadable (replaced with a new version for instance). <literal>pre-auto</"
3084 "literal> performs this action before downloading new packages."
3087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3088 #: apt.conf.5.xml:639
3090 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3091 "options when it is run for the install phase."
3094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3095 #: apt.conf.5.xml:644
3097 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3098 "options when it is run for the update phase."
3101 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3102 #: apt.conf.5.xml:649
3104 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
3105 "The default is to prompt only on error."
3108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3109 #: apt.conf.5.xml:655
3110 msgid "How APT calls &dpkg;"
3113 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3114 #: apt.conf.5.xml:656
3116 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
3117 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
3120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3121 #: apt.conf.5.xml:661
3123 "This is a list of options to pass to &dpkg;. The options must be specified "
3124 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
3128 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3129 #: apt.conf.5.xml:667
3131 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3132 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3133 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3134 "fail APT will abort."
3137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3138 #: apt.conf.5.xml:674
3140 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3141 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3142 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3143 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass the filenames of all .deb files it is "
3144 "going to install to the commands, one per line on standard input."
3147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3148 #: apt.conf.5.xml:680
3150 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
3151 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
3152 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
3153 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
3154 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
3157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3158 #: apt.conf.5.xml:688
3160 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking &dpkg;, the default is "
3161 "<filename>/</filename>."
3164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3165 #: apt.conf.5.xml:693
3167 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages; the "
3168 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
3171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3172 #: apt.conf.5.xml:698
3173 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
3176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3177 #: apt.conf.5.xml:699
3179 "APT can call &dpkg; in such a way as to let it make aggressive use of "
3180 "triggers over multiple calls of &dpkg;. Without further options &dpkg; will "
3181 "use triggers once each time it runs. Activating these options can therefore "
3182 "decrease the time needed to perform the install or upgrade. Note that it is "
3183 "intended to activate these options per default in the future, but as it "
3184 "drastically changes the way APT calls &dpkg; it needs a lot more testing. "
3185 "<emphasis>These options are therefore currently experimental and should not "
3186 "be used in production environments.</emphasis> It also breaks progress "
3187 "reporting such that all front-ends will currently stay around half (or more) "
3188 "of the time in the 100% state while it actually configures all packages."
3191 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
3192 #: apt.conf.5.xml:714
3195 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
3196 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
3197 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
3198 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
3201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3202 #: apt.conf.5.xml:708
3204 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
3205 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
3206 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
3207 "enough to help testing them, create a new configuration file and test a "
3208 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
3209 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
3210 "reports. Asking &dpkg; for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
3211 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
3212 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3215 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3216 #: apt.conf.5.xml:721
3218 "Add the no triggers flag to all &dpkg; calls (except the ConfigurePending "
3219 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
3220 "short: &dpkg; will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it "
3221 "is explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option "
3222 "exists (undocumented) also in older APT versions with a slightly different "
3223 "meaning: Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure "
3224 "calls to &dpkg; - now APT will also add this flag to the unpack and remove "
3228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3229 #: apt.conf.5.xml:729
3231 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
3232 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". The default value is \"<literal>all</literal>"
3233 "\", which causes APT to configure all packages. The \"<literal>smart</"
3234 "literal>\" way is to configure only packages which need to be configured "
3235 "before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends), and let the rest be "
3236 "configured by &dpkg; with a call generated by the ConfigurePending option "
3237 "(see below). On the other hand, \"<literal>no</literal>\" will not configure "
3238 "anything, and totally relies on &dpkg; for configuration (which at the "
3239 "moment will fail if a Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to "
3240 "any value other than <literal>all</literal> will implicitly also activate "
3241 "the next option by default, as otherwise the system could end in an "
3242 "unconfigured and potentially unbootable state."
3245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3246 #: apt.conf.5.xml:744
3248 "If this option is set APT will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
3249 "command> to let &dpkg; handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
3250 "option is activated automatically per default if the previous option is not "
3251 "set to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating it could be useful if you "
3252 "want to run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these "
3253 "sceneries you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
3256 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3257 #: apt.conf.5.xml:751
3259 "Useful for the <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
3260 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal>, and "
3261 "&dpkg; treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a "
3262 "showstopper for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will "
3263 "process all triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
3266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3267 #: apt.conf.5.xml:764
3270 "OrderList::Score {\n"
3272 "\tEssential 200;\n"
3274 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
3278 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3279 #: apt.conf.5.xml:757
3281 "Essential packages (and their dependencies) should be configured immediately "
3282 "after unpacking. It is a good idea to do this quite early in the upgrade "
3283 "process as these configure calls also currently require <literal>DPkg::"
3284 "TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers (which may not "
3285 "be needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the immediate flag "
3286 "is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is rated higher). "
3287 "These option and the others in the same group can be used to change the "
3288 "scoring. The following example shows the settings with their default "
3289 "values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3293 #: apt.conf.5.xml:777
3294 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
3297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3298 #: apt.conf.5.xml:778
3300 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
3301 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by the "
3302 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See the top of this script "
3303 "for the brief documentation of these options."
3306 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3307 #: apt.conf.5.xml:786
3308 msgid "Debug options"
3311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3312 #: apt.conf.5.xml:788
3314 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
3315 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
3316 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
3317 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
3318 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
3322 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3323 #: apt.conf.5.xml:799
3325 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
3326 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
3330 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3331 #: apt.conf.5.xml:807
3333 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
3334 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
3335 "literal>) as a non-root user."
3338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3339 #: apt.conf.5.xml:816
3341 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
3342 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
3346 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
3348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3349 #: apt.conf.5.xml:824
3351 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
3355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3356 #: apt.conf.5.xml:834
3357 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
3360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3361 #: apt.conf.5.xml:843
3363 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
3366 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3367 #: apt.conf.5.xml:854
3368 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
3371 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3372 #: apt.conf.5.xml:865
3373 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
3376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3377 #: apt.conf.5.xml:876
3378 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
3381 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3382 #: apt.conf.5.xml:887
3384 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
3385 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
3388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3389 #: apt.conf.5.xml:898
3391 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
3392 "stored on CD-ROMs."
3395 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3396 #: apt.conf.5.xml:908
3397 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
3400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3401 #: apt.conf.5.xml:918
3403 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
3404 "literal> libraries."
3407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3408 #: apt.conf.5.xml:928
3410 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
3411 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
3415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3416 #: apt.conf.5.xml:939
3418 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
3419 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
3422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3423 #: apt.conf.5.xml:951
3424 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
3427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3428 #: apt.conf.5.xml:961
3430 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
3431 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
3434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3435 #: apt.conf.5.xml:971
3437 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
3438 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
3441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3442 #: apt.conf.5.xml:983
3444 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
3445 "index diffs instead of full indices."
3448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3449 #: apt.conf.5.xml:994
3451 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
3454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3455 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1005
3457 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
3458 "the removal of unused packages."
3461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3462 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1015
3464 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
3465 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
3466 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
3467 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
3468 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
3471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3472 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1029
3474 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are marked as keep/install/"
3475 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
3476 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional "
3477 "spaces under the original entry. The format for each line is "
3478 "<literal>MarkKeep</literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or "
3479 "<literal>MarkInstall</literal> followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -"
3480 "> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is "
3481 "the current version of the package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version "
3482 "considered for installation and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, "
3483 "but not considered for installation (because of a low pin score). The later "
3484 "two can be omitted if there is none or if it is the same as the installed "
3485 "version. <literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package "
3489 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3490 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1050
3492 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
3493 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
3496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3497 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1061
3499 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
3500 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
3503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3504 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1072
3506 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
3507 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
3510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3511 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1084
3513 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
3516 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3517 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1095
3518 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
3521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3522 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1105
3524 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
3525 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
3528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3529 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1116
3531 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
3532 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
3533 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
3536 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3537 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1128
3539 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
3543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3544 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1150 apt_preferences.5.xml:545 sources.list.5.xml:211
3545 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596
3550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3551 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1151
3553 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
3557 #. ? reading apt.conf
3558 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3559 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1163
3561 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
3562 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
3564 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3565 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
3567 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
3568 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
3570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3571 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
3574 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
3575 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
3576 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
3579 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
3580 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
3583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3584 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
3587 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
3588 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
3589 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
3590 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
3591 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
3592 "priority for installation. The APT preferences override the priorities that "
3593 "APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the user control "
3594 "over which one is selected for installation."
3596 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
3597 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
3598 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
3599 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
3600 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
3601 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
3602 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
3603 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
3604 "selecionada para instalação."
3606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3607 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
3610 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
3611 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
3612 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
3613 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences do not affect the choice of "
3614 "instance, only the choice of version."
3616 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
3617 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
3618 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
3619 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
3620 "a escolha da instância."
3622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3623 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
3625 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
3626 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
3627 "not question the preferences, so wrong settings can lead to uninstallable "
3628 "packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even more problems "
3629 "will arise if multiple distribution releases are mixed without a good "
3630 "understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a specific "
3631 "release aren't tested in (and therefore don't always work as expected in) "
3632 "older or newer releases, or together with other packages from different "
3633 "releases. You have been warned."
3636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3637 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
3639 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
3640 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
3641 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
3642 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
3643 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
3644 "that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the "
3645 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which "
3646 "case it will be silently ignored."
3649 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3650 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
3652 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
3653 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
3655 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3656 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
3658 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
3660 "<programlisting>\n"
3661 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
3663 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3664 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
3666 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3668 "<programlisting>\n"
3669 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3672 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
3675 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
3676 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
3677 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
3678 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
3679 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
3680 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
3681 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
3682 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
3683 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
3684 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
3685 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
3687 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
3688 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
3689 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
3690 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
3691 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
3692 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
3693 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
3694 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
3696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3697 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
3700 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
3701 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
3703 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
3704 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
3707 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3708 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
3711 msgstr "prioridade 100"
3713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3714 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
3716 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
3717 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
3718 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
3719 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
3722 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3723 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
3725 msgid "priority 100"
3726 msgstr "prioridade 100"
3728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3729 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
3731 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
3732 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
3733 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
3734 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
3737 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3738 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
3740 msgid "priority 500"
3741 msgstr "prioridade 500"
3743 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3744 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
3747 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
3750 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
3752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3753 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
3755 msgid "priority 990"
3756 msgstr "prioridade 990"
3758 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3759 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
3762 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
3764 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
3766 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3767 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
3770 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
3771 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
3772 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
3773 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
3774 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
3775 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
3777 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
3778 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
3779 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
3781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3782 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
3785 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
3786 "determine which version of a package to install."
3788 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
3789 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
3791 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3792 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
3795 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
3796 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
3797 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
3798 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
3799 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
3801 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
3802 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
3803 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
3804 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
3805 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
3806 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
3808 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3809 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
3811 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
3812 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
3814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3815 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
3818 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
3819 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
3821 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
3822 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
3824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3825 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
3828 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
3829 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
3830 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
3832 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
3833 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
3834 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
3836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3837 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
3840 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
3841 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
3842 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
3843 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
3844 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
3846 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
3847 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
3848 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
3849 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
3850 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
3853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3854 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
3857 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
3858 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
3859 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
3860 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
3862 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
3863 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
3864 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
3865 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
3866 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
3868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3869 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
3872 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
3873 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
3874 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
3875 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
3876 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
3877 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
3878 "than the installed version."
3880 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
3881 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
3882 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
3883 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
3884 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
3885 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
3886 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
3888 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3889 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
3891 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
3892 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
3894 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3895 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
3898 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
3899 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
3900 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
3901 "specific form and a general form."
3903 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
3904 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
3905 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
3906 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
3908 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3909 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
3912 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
3913 "specified packages with a specified version or version range. For example, "
3914 "the following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
3915 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
3916 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by "
3919 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
3920 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
3921 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
3922 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
3923 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
3925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
3926 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
3930 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
3931 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
3933 "<programlisting>\n"
3935 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
3936 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
3938 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3939 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
3942 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
3943 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
3944 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
3945 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
3946 "fully qualified domain name."
3948 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
3949 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
3950 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
3951 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
3952 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
3954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3955 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
3958 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
3959 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
3960 "all package versions available from the local site."
3962 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
3963 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
3964 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
3967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
3968 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
3972 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
3973 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
3975 "<programlisting>\n"
3977 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
3978 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
3980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3981 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
3983 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
3984 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
3985 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
3986 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
3989 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
3990 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
3994 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
3995 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
3997 "<programlisting>\n"
3999 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4000 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4002 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4003 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4006 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4007 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4008 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4009 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4012 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4013 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4014 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4015 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4016 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4017 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4020 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4023 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4024 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4027 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4028 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4029 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4032 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
4036 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4037 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4039 "<programlisting>\n"
4041 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4042 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4045 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4048 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4049 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4052 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4053 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4054 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4056 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4057 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
4061 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4062 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4064 "<programlisting>\n"
4066 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4067 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4070 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
4073 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4074 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4075 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>&stable-version;</literal>\"."
4077 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4078 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4079 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4083 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
4087 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4088 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4090 "<programlisting>\n"
4092 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
4093 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4095 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4096 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
4097 msgid "Regular expressions and &glob; syntax"
4100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4101 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
4103 "APT also supports pinning by &glob; expressions, and regular expressions "
4104 "surrounded by slashes. For example, the following example assigns the "
4105 "priority 500 to all packages from experimental where the name starts with "
4106 "gnome (as a &glob;-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX "
4107 "extended regular expression surrounded by slashes)."
4110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4111 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
4114 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4115 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
4116 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4118 "<programlisting>\n"
4120 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4121 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4124 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
4126 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4127 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4128 "packages from a release starting with &ubuntu-codename;."
4131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4132 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
4136 "Pin: release n=&ubuntu-codename;*\n"
4137 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4139 "<programlisting>\n"
4141 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4142 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4145 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
4147 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4148 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4149 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4150 "the future; thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4151 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4152 "Package field is not considered a &glob; expression in itself."
4155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4156 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
4158 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
4159 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
4161 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4162 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
4165 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
4166 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
4168 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
4169 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
4170 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
4172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4173 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
4174 msgid "P >= 1000"
4175 msgstr "P >= 1000"
4177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4178 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
4181 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
4184 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
4185 "dowgrade do pacote"
4187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4188 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
4189 msgid "990 <= P < 1000"
4190 msgstr "990 <= P < 1000"
4192 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4193 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
4196 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
4197 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
4199 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
4200 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4202 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4203 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
4204 msgid "500 <= P < 990"
4205 msgstr "500 <= P < 990"
4207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4208 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
4211 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4212 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
4214 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4215 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4218 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
4219 msgid "100 <= P < 500"
4220 msgstr "100 <= P < 500"
4222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4223 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
4226 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4227 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
4229 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4230 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
4233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4234 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
4235 msgid "0 < P < 100"
4236 msgstr "0 < P < 100"
4238 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4239 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
4242 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
4245 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
4246 "instalada do pacote"
4248 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4249 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
4253 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4254 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
4256 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
4257 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
4259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4260 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
4263 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
4264 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
4265 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
4266 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
4268 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
4269 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
4270 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
4271 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
4272 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
4273 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
4275 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4276 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
4279 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
4280 "presented earlier:"
4282 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
4283 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
4285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4286 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
4290 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4291 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4294 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4295 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4298 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4299 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4301 "<programlisting>\n"
4303 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4304 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4307 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4308 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4311 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4312 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4315 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
4319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4320 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
4323 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
4324 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
4325 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> &good-perl;"
4326 "* version of <literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version "
4327 "is &bad-perl;*, then <literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
4329 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
4330 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
4331 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
4332 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
4333 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
4335 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4336 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
4339 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
4340 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
4341 "versions belonging to the target release."
4343 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
4344 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
4345 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
4347 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4348 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
4351 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
4352 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
4353 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
4354 "and no version of the package is already installed."
4356 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
4357 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
4358 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
4359 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
4362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4363 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
4365 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
4366 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
4368 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4369 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
4372 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
4373 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
4374 "describe the packages available at that location."
4376 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
4377 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
4378 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
4380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4381 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
4384 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4385 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
4386 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
4387 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
4388 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
4389 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
4390 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4392 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
4393 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
4394 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
4395 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
4396 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
4397 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
4398 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
4401 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4402 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
4404 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
4405 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
4407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4408 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
4410 msgid "gives the package name"
4411 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
4413 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4414 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
4416 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
4417 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
4419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4420 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
4422 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
4423 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
4425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4426 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
4429 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4430 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
4431 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
4432 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
4433 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
4434 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
4435 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
4436 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4438 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
4439 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
4440 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
4441 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
4442 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
4443 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
4444 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
4445 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
4448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4449 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
4451 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
4452 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
4454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4455 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
4458 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4459 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
4460 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4461 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
4462 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
4465 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4466 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4467 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4468 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4469 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4470 "requerer a linha :"
4472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4473 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
4475 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4477 "<programlisting>\n"
4478 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4480 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4481 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
4483 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
4484 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4487 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
4490 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4491 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
4492 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4493 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
4494 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
4495 "preferences file would require the line:"
4497 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4498 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4499 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4500 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4501 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4502 "requerer a linha :"
4504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4505 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
4507 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4509 "<programlisting>\n"
4510 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4512 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4513 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
4516 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
4517 "belong to Debian release version &stable-version;. Note that there is "
4518 "normally no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and "
4519 "<literal>unstable</literal> distributions because they have not been "
4520 "released yet. Specifying this in the APT preferences file would require one "
4521 "of the following lines."
4523 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
4524 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
4525 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
4526 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
4527 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
4530 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4531 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
4534 "Pin: release v=&stable-version;\n"
4535 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4536 "Pin: release &stable-version;\n"
4538 "<programlisting>\n"
4539 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
4540 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
4541 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
4543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4544 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
4546 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
4547 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4550 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
4553 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
4554 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
4555 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
4556 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
4557 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
4558 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
4560 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
4561 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
4562 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4563 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
4564 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
4565 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4566 "requerer a linha :"
4568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4569 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
4571 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
4573 "<programlisting>\n"
4574 "Pin: release c=main\n"
4576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4577 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
4579 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
4580 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
4582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4583 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
4586 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4587 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4588 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
4591 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
4592 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
4593 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4594 "requerer a linha :"
4596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4597 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
4599 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4601 "<programlisting>\n"
4602 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4605 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
4607 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
4608 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
4610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4611 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
4614 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4615 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4616 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
4619 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
4620 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
4621 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
4623 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4624 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
4626 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4628 "<programlisting>\n"
4629 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4631 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4632 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
4635 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
4636 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
4637 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
4638 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
4639 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
4640 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
4641 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
4642 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
4643 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
4644 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
4646 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
4647 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
4648 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
4649 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
4650 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
4651 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
4652 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
4653 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
4654 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
4655 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
4657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4658 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
4660 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
4661 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
4663 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4664 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
4667 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
4668 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
4669 "provides a place for comments."
4671 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
4672 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
4673 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
4675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4676 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
4678 msgid "Tracking Stable"
4679 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
4681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4682 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
4685 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
4686 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
4688 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4689 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4692 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4693 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4695 "<programlisting>\n"
4696 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
4697 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
4699 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4700 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4703 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4704 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4707 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
4710 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
4711 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
4712 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
4713 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
4714 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4716 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
4717 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
4718 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
4719 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
4720 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
4722 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4723 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
4724 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
4727 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
4729 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
4731 "<programlisting>\n"
4732 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
4734 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
4736 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4737 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
4740 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4741 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
4742 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
4745 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
4746 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
4747 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
4749 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4750 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
4752 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
4754 "<programlisting>\n"
4755 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
4757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4758 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
4761 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4762 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
4763 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
4764 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4766 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4767 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
4768 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
4770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4771 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
4773 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
4774 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
4776 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4777 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
4781 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
4782 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4785 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4786 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4789 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4790 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4792 "<programlisting>\n"
4794 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
4795 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4798 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4799 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4802 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4803 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4806 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
4809 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
4810 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
4811 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
4812 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
4813 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
4814 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4816 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
4817 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
4818 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
4819 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
4820 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
4822 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4823 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
4826 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4827 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
4828 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
4831 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
4832 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a"
4833 "(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
4835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4836 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
4838 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
4840 "<programlisting>\n"
4841 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
4843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4844 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
4847 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4848 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
4849 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
4850 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
4851 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
4852 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
4853 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4855 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4856 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
4857 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
4858 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
4859 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
4860 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
4861 "recente que a versão instalada."
4863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4864 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
4865 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
4868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4869 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
4872 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
4873 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
4875 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4876 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4878 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
4880 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
4881 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4884 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4885 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4887 "<programlisting>\n"
4888 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
4889 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
4891 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4892 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4895 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4896 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4899 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
4901 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
4902 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
4903 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
4904 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
4905 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
4906 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
4907 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
4908 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
4909 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
4910 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4913 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4914 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
4917 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4918 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
4919 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
4920 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4922 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
4923 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
4924 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
4926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4927 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
4929 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
4931 "<programlisting>\n"
4932 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
4934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4935 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
4938 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4939 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
4940 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
4941 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
4942 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
4943 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
4944 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4946 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4947 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
4948 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
4949 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
4950 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
4951 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
4952 "recente que a versão instalada."
4954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4955 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
4957 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4958 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4961 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
4962 msgid "List of configured APT data sources"
4965 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4966 #: sources.list.5.xml:38
4968 "The source list <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> is designed to "
4969 "support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The file "
4970 "lists one source per line, with the most preferred source listed first. The "
4971 "information available from the configured sources is acquired by "
4972 "<command>apt-get update</command> (or by an equivalent command from another "
4976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4977 #: sources.list.5.xml:45
4979 "Each line specifying a source starts with type (e.g. <literal>deb-src</"
4980 "literal>) followed by options and arguments for this type. Individual "
4981 "entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines are ignored, "
4982 "and a <literal>#</literal> character anywhere on a line marks the remainder "
4983 "of that line as a comment."
4986 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4987 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
4988 msgid "sources.list.d"
4991 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4992 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
4994 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
4995 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
4996 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
4997 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
4998 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
4999 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file, unless that "
5000 "file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5001 "configuration list - in which case it will be silently ignored."
5004 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5005 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5006 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5009 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5010 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5012 "The <literal>deb</literal> type references a typical two-level Debian "
5013 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. The "
5014 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archive name like "
5015 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5016 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5017 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal>, "
5018 "<literal>contrib</literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-"
5019 "src</literal> type references a Debian distribution's source code in the "
5020 "same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> "
5021 "line is required to fetch source indexes."
5024 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5025 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5027 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5028 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5032 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
5034 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
5037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5038 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
5040 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5041 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5042 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5043 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
5044 "a slash (<literal>/</literal>). This is useful for the case when only a "
5045 "particular sub-section of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If "
5046 "<literal>distribution</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one "
5047 "<literal>component</literal> must be present."
5050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5051 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
5053 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
5054 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (such as <literal>amd64</"
5055 "literal> or <literal>armel</literal>) used on the system. This permits "
5056 "architecture-independent <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. "
5057 "In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path, "
5058 "<literal>APT</literal> will automatically generate a URI with the current "
5059 "architecture otherwise."
5062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5063 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
5065 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
5066 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
5067 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
5068 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
5069 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
5070 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
5071 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
5072 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
5073 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
5074 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5078 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
5080 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surrounded by "
5081 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
5082 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
5083 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
5084 "following settings are supported by APT (note however that unsupported "
5085 "settings will be ignored silently):"
5088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5089 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
5091 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
5092 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
5093 "information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
5094 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
5095 "will be downloaded."
5098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5099 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
5101 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
5102 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
5103 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
5104 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
5105 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
5106 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
5109 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5110 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
5112 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5113 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5114 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5115 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5118 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5119 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
5121 msgid "Some examples:"
5124 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5125 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
5128 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
5129 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
5133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5134 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
5135 msgid "URI specification"
5138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5139 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
5140 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
5143 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5144 #: sources.list.5.xml:147
5146 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5147 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
5151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5152 #: sources.list.5.xml:154
5154 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
5155 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
5158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5159 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
5161 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
5162 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
5163 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
5164 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
5165 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
5169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5170 #: sources.list.5.xml:172
5172 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
5173 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
5174 "Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified by using the "
5175 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify an "
5176 "HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using this "
5177 "environment variable and <emphasis>only</emphasis> this environment "
5178 "variable. Proxies using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be "
5182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5183 #: sources.list.5.xml:184
5185 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
5186 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
5187 "This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with "
5191 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5192 #: sources.list.5.xml:191
5194 "The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and access "
5195 "the files as a given user. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys is "
5196 "recommended. The standard <command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> "
5197 "commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host."
5200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5201 #: sources.list.5.xml:198
5202 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
5205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5206 #: sources.list.5.xml:200
5208 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, "
5209 "which should follow the naming scheme <package>apt-transport-"
5210 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. For instance, the APT team "
5211 "also maintains the package <package>apt-transport-https</package>, which "
5212 "provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http "
5213 "method. Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available - see &apt-"
5214 "transport-debtorrent;."
5217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5218 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
5220 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
5221 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
5224 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5225 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
5227 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
5230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5231 #: sources.list.5.xml:216
5232 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
5235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5236 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
5238 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5241 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5242 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
5243 msgid "Source line for the above"
5246 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5247 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
5249 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5253 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
5255 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
5256 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
5257 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
5260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5261 #: sources.list.5.xml:224
5264 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
5265 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
5268 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5269 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
5271 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
5275 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5276 #: sources.list.5.xml:229
5278 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
5281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5282 #: sources.list.5.xml:231
5284 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5285 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
5288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5289 #: sources.list.5.xml:233
5291 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
5294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5295 #: sources.list.5.xml:235
5297 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5298 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
5299 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
5300 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
5303 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5304 #: sources.list.5.xml:239
5306 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
5309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5310 #: sources.list.5.xml:248
5312 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
5315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5316 #: sources.list.5.xml:241
5318 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
5319 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
5320 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
5321 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
5322 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
5323 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
5327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5328 #: sources.list.5.xml:253
5330 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
5331 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5333 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
5334 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26
5338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5339 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
5341 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
5345 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5346 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
5348 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
5349 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
5350 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
5351 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
5355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5356 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
5357 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
5360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5361 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
5363 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
5364 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
5365 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
5366 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
5367 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
5370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5371 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
5373 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
5374 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5375 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
5378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5379 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
5381 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
5382 "decimal 100 on error."
5385 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5386 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
5387 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
5390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5391 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
5393 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (source index or "
5394 "package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
5395 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
5396 "internal sorting rules."
5399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5400 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
5402 "All output is sent to standard output; the input must be a seekable file."
5405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5406 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
5408 "Use source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5409 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
5412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5413 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
5415 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
5419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5420 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
5421 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
5424 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5425 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
5427 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
5428 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
5429 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
5433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5434 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
5436 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
5437 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
5438 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
5439 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
5440 "generation process for a complete archive."
5443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5444 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
5446 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
5447 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
5448 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
5449 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
5453 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5454 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
5456 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
5457 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
5458 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
5459 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
5462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5463 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
5465 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
5468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5469 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
5471 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
5472 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5473 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
5474 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
5477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5478 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
5480 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
5481 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
5482 "change the source override file that will be used."
5485 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5486 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
5488 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
5489 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5490 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
5491 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
5492 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
5493 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
5496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5497 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
5499 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
5500 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
5501 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
5502 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
5503 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
5504 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
5505 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
5506 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
5507 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
5508 "containing an MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 digest for each file."
5511 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5512 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
5514 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
5515 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
5516 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
5517 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
5518 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
5519 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
5520 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
5521 "<literal>Description</literal>."
5524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5525 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
5527 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
5528 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
5529 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
5530 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
5531 "maintaining the required settings."
5534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5535 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
5537 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
5538 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
5541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5542 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
5543 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
5546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5547 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
5549 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
5550 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
5551 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
5552 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
5553 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
5554 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
5557 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5558 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
5560 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
5563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5564 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
5566 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
5567 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5570 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
5572 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
5573 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
5574 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
5575 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
5578 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5579 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
5581 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
5582 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
5586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5587 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
5588 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
5591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5592 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
5593 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
5596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5597 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
5599 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
5600 "literal> setting is used below."
5603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5604 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
5606 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
5607 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5609 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5610 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
5612 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
5613 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
5614 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
5617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5618 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
5620 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the package index files. It "
5621 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
5622 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
5626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5627 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
5629 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
5630 "defaults to '.deb'."
5633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5634 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
5636 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5637 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
5640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5641 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
5643 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
5644 "defaults to '.dsc'."
5647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5648 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
5650 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5651 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
5654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5655 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
5657 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5658 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
5661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5662 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
5664 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
5665 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
5666 "Links</literal> setting."
5669 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5670 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
5672 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
5673 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
5676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5677 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
5679 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
5680 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
5681 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
5684 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5685 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
5687 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
5688 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5691 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
5693 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
5694 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
5695 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
5698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5699 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
5701 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
5702 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
5706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5707 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
5709 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
5710 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
5711 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
5712 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
5713 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
5714 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
5717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5718 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
5720 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
5721 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
5724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5725 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
5727 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
5728 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
5731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5732 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
5734 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5735 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
5738 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5739 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
5741 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5742 "source/Sources</filename>"
5745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5746 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
5748 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
5749 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
5750 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
5753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5754 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
5756 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
5757 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
5761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5762 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
5764 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5765 "Contents-$(ARCH)</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files "
5766 "to map onto a single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-"
5767 "ftparchive</command> will integrate those package files together "
5771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5772 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
5773 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
5776 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5777 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
5779 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
5780 "can share the same database."
5783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5784 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
5786 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
5787 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
5788 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
5791 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5792 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
5794 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
5795 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
5796 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
5797 "when processing source indexes."
5800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5801 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
5803 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
5804 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5807 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
5809 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
5810 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
5811 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
5812 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
5816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5817 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
5819 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
5820 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
5821 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
5822 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
5825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5826 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
5828 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
5829 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
5833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5834 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
5837 "for i in Sections do \n"
5838 " for j in Architectures do\n"
5839 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
5843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5844 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
5846 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
5847 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
5851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5852 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
5854 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
5855 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
5859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5860 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
5862 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
5863 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
5864 "this tree has a source archive."
5867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5868 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
5870 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
5871 "and maintainer address information."
5874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5875 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
5877 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
5881 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5882 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
5883 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
5886 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5887 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
5888 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
5891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5892 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
5894 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
5895 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5898 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
5900 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
5901 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
5902 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
5903 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
5904 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
5907 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5908 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
5909 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
5912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5913 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
5915 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
5916 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
5919 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5920 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
5921 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
5924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5925 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
5926 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
5929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5930 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
5931 msgid "Sets the source override file."
5934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5935 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
5936 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
5939 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5940 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
5941 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
5944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5945 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
5946 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
5949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5950 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
5951 msgid "The Binary Override File"
5954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5955 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
5957 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
5958 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
5959 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
5960 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
5961 "permutation field."
5964 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5965 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
5967 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
5970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5971 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
5976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5977 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
5979 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
5980 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
5981 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
5982 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
5983 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
5987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5988 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
5989 msgid "The Source Override File"
5992 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5993 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
5995 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
5996 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
5997 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
6000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6001 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
6002 msgid "The Extra Override File"
6005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6006 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
6008 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
6009 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
6010 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
6013 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6014 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
6016 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
6017 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
6018 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
6019 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
6020 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
6021 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
6022 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
6023 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
6024 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
6027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6028 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
6030 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
6031 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
6034 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6035 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
6037 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
6038 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
6039 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
6040 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
6043 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6044 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
6046 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
6047 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
6048 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
6049 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
6052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6053 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
6055 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
6056 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
6057 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
6058 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
6059 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
6062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6063 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
6065 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
6066 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
6070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6071 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
6073 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6074 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
6077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6078 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
6080 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
6081 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
6082 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
6083 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
6086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6087 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
6089 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
6090 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
6091 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
6092 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
6093 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
6094 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
6095 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
6096 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
6100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6101 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
6103 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
6104 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
6105 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
6106 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
6107 "in the generate command."
6110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
6111 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
6113 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
6116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6117 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
6119 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
6120 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
6123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6124 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
6126 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6139 msgid "16 June 1998"
6156 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
6179 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
6180 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
6181 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
6182 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
6194 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
6195 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
6206 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
6217 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
6224 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
6225 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
6226 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
6229 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
6231 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
6233 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
6234 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
6247 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
6250 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
6252 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
6255 #. type: <title></title>
6257 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6260 #. type: <author></author>
6261 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6262 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6265 #. type: <version></version>
6267 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6270 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6273 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6276 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6278 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6282 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6284 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6285 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6286 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6287 "or (at your option) any later version."
6291 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6293 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6294 "GPL for the full license."
6297 #. type: <heading></heading>
6305 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6306 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6307 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6308 "packages from the Internet."
6311 #. type: <heading></heading>
6313 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6319 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6320 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6321 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6327 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6328 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6329 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6330 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6331 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6337 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6338 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6339 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6346 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6347 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6348 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6349 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6355 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6356 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6357 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6358 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6359 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6360 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6361 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6362 "other mail transport agents."
6368 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6369 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6370 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6371 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6372 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6373 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6374 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6375 "trying to manually fix packages."
6381 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6382 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6383 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6384 "packages for installation."
6387 #. type: <heading></heading>
6395 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6396 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6397 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6398 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6404 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6405 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6406 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6407 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6408 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6412 #. type: <example></example>
6416 "# apt-get update\n"
6417 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6418 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6419 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6420 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6423 #. type: <p><taglist>
6425 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6428 #. type: <tag></tag>
6436 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6437 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6438 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6439 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6440 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6441 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6442 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6445 #. type: <tag></tag>
6453 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6454 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6455 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6456 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6457 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6458 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6459 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6462 #. type: <tag></tag>
6464 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6470 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6471 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6472 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6473 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6474 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6475 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6476 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6482 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6483 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6489 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6490 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6491 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6492 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6493 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6494 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6495 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6498 #. type: <heading></heading>
6506 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6507 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6508 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6515 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6516 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6517 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6518 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source can "
6519 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6520 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
6521 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6522 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6523 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
6526 #. type: <example></example>
6530 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6532 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6533 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6536 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6537 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6538 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6541 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6547 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6548 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6552 #. type: <example></example>
6556 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6557 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6558 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6560 " Distribution [stable]:"
6566 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6567 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6568 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6569 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6570 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6571 "into the US is legal however."
6574 #. type: <example></example>
6578 " Please give the components to get\n"
6579 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6581 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6587 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6588 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6589 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6590 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6596 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6597 "until you have specified all that you want."
6603 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6604 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6605 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6606 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6607 "tt> has been run before."
6613 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6614 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6615 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6622 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6623 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6624 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6627 #. type: <heading></heading>
6629 msgid "The Interface"
6635 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6636 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6637 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6638 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6639 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6640 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6641 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6642 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6645 #. type: <heading></heading>
6653 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6654 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6655 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6659 #. type: <example></example>
6664 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6665 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6671 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6672 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6673 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6674 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6680 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6681 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6682 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6683 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6686 #. type: <example></example>
6691 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6692 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6693 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6694 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6695 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6696 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6697 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6698 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6699 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6700 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6701 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6702 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6703 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6704 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6710 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6711 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6712 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6713 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6714 "problem is also included."
6720 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6721 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6722 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6723 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6724 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6725 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6732 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6733 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6734 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6735 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6736 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6737 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6743 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6744 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6745 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6746 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6747 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6750 #. type: <heading></heading>
6752 msgid "The Status Report"
6758 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6759 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6760 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6761 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6762 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6765 #. type: <heading></heading>
6767 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6770 #. type: <example></example>
6774 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6775 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6776 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6777 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6778 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6785 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6786 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6787 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6788 "result of an Auto Install."
6791 #. type: <heading></heading>
6793 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6796 #. type: <example></example>
6800 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6801 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6802 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6803 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6810 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6811 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6812 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6813 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6814 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6815 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6816 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6819 #. type: <heading></heading>
6821 msgid "The New Packages list"
6824 #. type: <example></example>
6828 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6829 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6835 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6836 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6840 #. type: <heading></heading>
6842 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6845 #. type: <example></example>
6849 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6850 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6851 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6857 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6858 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6859 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6860 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6861 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6862 "to resolve their problems."
6865 #. type: <heading></heading>
6867 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6870 #. type: <example></example>
6874 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6881 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6882 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6883 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6886 #. type: <heading></heading>
6888 msgid "Final summary"
6894 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6897 #. type: <example></example>
6901 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6902 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6903 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6909 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
6910 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
6911 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
6912 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
6913 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
6914 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
6915 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
6916 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
6917 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
6918 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
6919 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
6920 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
6921 "the amount of space that will be freed."
6927 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
6928 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
6931 #. type: <heading></heading>
6933 msgid "The Status Display"
6939 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
6943 #. type: <example></example>
6947 "# apt-get update\n"
6948 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
6949 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6950 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
6951 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6952 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
6953 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
6959 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
6960 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
6961 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
6962 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
6963 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
6970 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
6971 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
6972 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
6973 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
6974 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
6975 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
6976 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
6982 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
6983 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
6984 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
6985 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
6986 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
6987 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
6988 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
6989 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
6990 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
6991 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
6992 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
6993 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
7000 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7001 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7002 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7003 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7007 #. type: <heading></heading>
7015 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7016 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7017 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7018 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7019 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7020 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7023 #. type: <title></title>
7025 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7028 #. type: <version></version>
7030 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7033 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7036 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7037 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7040 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7042 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7045 #. type: <heading></heading>
7047 msgid "Introduction"
7050 #. type: <heading></heading>
7051 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7058 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7059 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7060 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7061 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7067 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7068 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7069 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7070 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7071 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7072 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7073 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7074 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7075 "bad or no connection."
7081 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7082 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7083 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7084 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7087 #. type: <heading></heading>
7089 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7092 #. type: <p><example>
7095 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7096 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7097 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7098 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7101 #. type: <example></example>
7115 #. type: <heading></heading>
7117 msgid "The configuration file"
7123 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7124 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7125 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7126 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7127 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7128 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7131 #. type: <p><example>
7134 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7138 #. type: <example></example>
7144 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7145 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7146 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7148 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7153 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7154 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7155 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7156 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7158 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7159 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7160 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7162 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7163 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7167 #. type: </example></p>
7170 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7171 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7174 #. type: <p><example>
7177 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7178 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7179 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7180 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7181 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7184 #. type: <example></example>
7188 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7189 " # apt-get update\n"
7190 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7191 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7192 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7195 #. type: </example></p>
7198 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7199 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7200 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7201 "your selections back to the local computer."
7204 #. type: <p><example>
7207 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7208 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7211 #. type: <example></example>
7215 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7216 " # apt-get check\n"
7217 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7218 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7219 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7225 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7226 "local one. This is very important!"
7232 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7233 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7234 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7235 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7236 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7239 #. type: <heading></heading>
7241 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7247 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7248 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7249 "already has a list of available packages."
7255 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7256 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7257 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7261 #. type: <heading></heading>
7267 #. type: <p><example>
7270 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7271 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7274 #. type: <example></example>
7278 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7279 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7280 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7281 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7284 #. type: </example></p>
7287 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7294 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7295 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7296 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7297 "output on the disc."
7300 #. type: <p><example>
7302 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7305 #. type: <example></example>
7310 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7314 #. type: </example><example>
7317 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7318 "installation can proceed using,"
7321 #. type: <example></example>
7324 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7327 #. type: </example></p>
7329 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7335 #~ "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
7336 #~ "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
7338 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7340 #~ "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
7341 #~ "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
7344 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7345 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7348 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7350 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7351 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7354 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7355 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7358 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7359 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7362 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7363 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7367 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7368 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7369 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7370 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7372 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7373 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7375 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7377 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7378 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7379 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7384 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7385 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7386 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7387 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7391 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7392 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7396 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7397 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7398 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7399 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7401 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7402 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7403 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7404 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7409 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7410 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7411 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7412 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7414 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7415 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7416 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7417 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7419 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7420 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7421 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7422 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7423 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7424 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7426 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7427 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7428 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7429 #~ "configuration \n"
7430 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7431 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7434 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7435 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7436 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7437 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7439 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7440 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7441 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7442 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7444 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7445 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7446 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7447 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7448 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7449 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7450 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7452 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7453 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7454 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7455 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7456 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7459 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7460 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"