1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
10 "Project-Id-Version: apt-doc 1.0.5\n"
11 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
12 "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-11 23:36+0200\n"
13 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
14 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
15 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
18 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
19 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
25 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
27 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
28 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
37 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
39 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
48 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
49 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
50 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
51 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
52 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
53 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
54 " &reportbug; command.\n"
60 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
62 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
63 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
64 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
71 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
72 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
73 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
74 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
80 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
82 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
89 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
90 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
91 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
92 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
93 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
94 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
105 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
106 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
107 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
118 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
119 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
120 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
121 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
122 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
123 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
124 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
135 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
136 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
137 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
138 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
139 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
140 " times to set different options.\n"
151 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
152 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
153 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
154 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
155 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
156 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
157 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
158 " or several other variations.\n"
164 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
165 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
166 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
167 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
168 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
175 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
176 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
177 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
178 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
186 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
187 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
188 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
197 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
198 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
199 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
200 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
208 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
209 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
210 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
219 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
220 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
221 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
222 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
223 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
224 " from a separate source\n"
225 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
226 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
234 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
235 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
236 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
245 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
246 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
247 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
248 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
256 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
257 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
258 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
267 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
268 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
269 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
271 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
279 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
280 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
281 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
290 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
291 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
292 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
293 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
301 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
302 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
303 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
304 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
313 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
314 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
315 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
316 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
317 " </para></listitem>\n"
326 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
327 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
328 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
329 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
335 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
336 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
337 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
338 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
339 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
340 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
341 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
344 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
345 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
346 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
353 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
354 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
355 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
356 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
357 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
358 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
359 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
360 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
361 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
368 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
369 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
375 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
376 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
382 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
383 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
384 "\"target_release\">"
390 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
391 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
397 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
398 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
404 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
405 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
411 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
412 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
418 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
419 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
425 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
426 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
432 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
433 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
434 "\"temporary_directory\">"
440 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
441 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
447 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
448 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
454 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
455 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
462 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
463 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
470 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
471 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
477 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
478 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
482 #: apt.8.xml:21 apt-get.8.xml:22 apt-cache.8.xml:22 apt-key.8.xml:21
483 #: apt-mark.8.xml:22 apt-secure.8.xml:21 apt-cdrom.8.xml:21 apt-config.8.xml:22
487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
488 #: apt.8.xml:22 apt-get.8.xml:23 apt-cache.8.xml:23 apt-key.8.xml:22
489 #: apt-mark.8.xml:23 apt-secure.8.xml:22 apt-cdrom.8.xml:22 apt-config.8.xml:23
490 #: apt.conf.5.xml:28 apt_preferences.5.xml:22 sources.list.5.xml:23
491 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:23 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:23 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:23
495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
497 msgid "command-line interface"
500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
501 #: apt.8.xml:33 apt-get.8.xml:34 apt-cache.8.xml:34 apt-key.8.xml:33
502 #: apt-mark.8.xml:34 apt-secure.8.xml:46 apt-cdrom.8.xml:33 apt-config.8.xml:34
503 #: apt.conf.5.xml:37 apt_preferences.5.xml:32 sources.list.5.xml:32
504 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:34 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:34 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:34
509 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
512 "<command>apt</command> (Advanced Package Tool) is the command-line tool for "
513 "handling packages. It provides a commandline interface for the package "
514 "management of the system. See also &apt-get; and &apt-cache; for more low-"
515 "level command options."
518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
521 "<literal>list</literal> is used to display a list of packages. It supports "
522 "shell pattern for matching package names and the following options: "
523 "<option>--installed</option>, <option>--upgradable</option>, <option>--"
524 "upgradeable</option>, <option>--all-versions</option> are supported."
527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
530 "<literal>search</literal> searches for the given term(s) and display "
534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
537 "<literal>show</literal> shows the package information for the given "
541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
544 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more package names desired "
545 "for installation or upgrading."
548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
549 #: apt.8.xml:72 apt-get.8.xml:112
551 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
552 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
553 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
554 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
555 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
556 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
559 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
560 #: apt.8.xml:82 apt-get.8.xml:147
562 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
563 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
564 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
565 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
566 "installed instead of removed."
569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
570 #: apt.8.xml:89 apt-get.8.xml:217 apt-get.8.xml:227
574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
575 #: apt.8.xml:89 apt-get.8.xml:217 apt-get.8.xml:227
576 msgid "alias since 1.1)"
579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
580 #: apt.8.xml:90 apt-get.8.xml:228
582 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
583 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
584 "now no longer needed."
587 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
590 "<literal>edit-sources</literal> lets you edit your sources.list file and "
591 "provides basic sanity checks."
594 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
597 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
598 "from their sources."
601 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
604 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
605 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
606 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. New packages will be installed, "
607 "but existing packages will never be removed."
610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
613 "<literal>full-upgrade</literal> performs the function of upgrade but may "
614 "also remove installed packages if that is required in order to resolve a "
618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
619 #: apt.8.xml:126 apt-get.8.xml:262 apt-cache.8.xml:246 apt-mark.8.xml:104
620 #: apt-config.8.xml:80 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:48 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:44
621 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:500
625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
630 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
633 "The &apt; commandline is designed as a end-user tool and it may change the "
634 "output between versions. While it tries to not break backward compatibility "
635 "there is no guarantee for it either. All features of &apt; are available in "
636 "&apt-cache; and &apt-get; via APT options. Please prefer using these "
637 "commands in your scripts."
640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
642 msgid "Differences to &apt-get;"
645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
648 "The <command>apt</command> command is meant to be pleasant for end users and "
649 "does not need to be backward compatible like &apt-get;. Therefore some "
650 "options are different:"
653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
656 msgid "The option <literal>DPkg::Progress-Fancy</literal> is enabled."
657 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
662 msgid "The option <literal>APT::Color</literal> is enabled."
663 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
668 "A new <literal>list</literal> command is available similar to <literal>dpkg "
672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
676 "The option <literal>upgrade</literal> has <literal>--with-new-pkgs</literal> "
677 "enabled by default."
678 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
681 #: apt.8.xml:176 apt-get.8.xml:597 apt-cache.8.xml:359 apt-key.8.xml:191
682 #: apt-mark.8.xml:127 apt-secure.8.xml:187 apt-cdrom.8.xml:148
683 #: apt-config.8.xml:105 apt.conf.5.xml:1321 apt_preferences.5.xml:716
684 #: sources.list.5.xml:470 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:66 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:59
685 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:603
688 msgstr "Consulte também"
690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
693 "&apt-get;, &apt-cache;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, The APT "
694 "User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto."
697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
698 #: apt.8.xml:182 apt-get.8.xml:603 apt-cache.8.xml:364 apt-mark.8.xml:131
699 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:153 apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70
700 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607
704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
707 "<command>apt</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
713 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
719 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
720 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
721 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &aptitude;, "
722 "&synaptic; and &wajig;."
725 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
726 #: apt-get.8.xml:40 apt-cache.8.xml:40 apt-cdrom.8.xml:47 apt-config.8.xml:40
727 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:50
729 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
730 "one of the commands below must be present."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
736 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
737 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
738 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
739 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
740 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
741 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
742 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
743 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
744 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
747 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
750 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
751 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
752 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
753 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
754 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
755 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
756 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
757 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
758 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
759 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
765 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
766 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
767 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
768 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
769 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
770 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
771 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
772 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
773 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
774 "individual packages."
777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
780 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
781 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
782 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
783 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
784 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
788 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
791 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
792 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
793 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
794 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
795 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the "
796 "package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. "
797 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
798 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
799 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
800 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
801 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
802 "get's conflict resolution system."
805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
808 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
815 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
816 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
817 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
818 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
819 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
820 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
821 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
827 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
828 "installation policy for individual packages."
831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
834 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
835 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
836 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
837 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
838 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
839 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
846 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
847 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
854 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
855 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
856 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
857 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
858 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
859 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
860 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
866 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
867 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
868 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
869 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
870 "versions or none at all."
873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
876 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
877 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
878 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
879 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
880 "package will not be unpacked."
883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
886 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
887 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
888 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
889 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
893 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
896 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
897 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
898 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
904 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
905 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
906 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
907 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
908 "option> option instead."
911 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
914 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
915 "and checks for broken dependencies."
918 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
921 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
928 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
929 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
930 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
931 "partial/</filename>."
934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
937 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
938 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
939 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
940 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
941 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
942 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
946 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
949 "<literal>changelog</literal> tries to download the changelog of a package "
950 "and displays it through <command>sensible-pager</command>. By default it "
951 "displays the changelog for the version that is installed. However, you can "
952 "specify the same options as for the <option>install</option> command."
955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
958 "Displays by default a deb822 formatted listing of information about all data "
959 "files (aka index targets) <command>apt-get update</command> would download. "
960 "Supports a <option>--format</option> option to modify the output format as "
961 "well as accepts lines of the default output to filter the records by. The "
962 "command is mainly used as an interface for external tools working with APT "
963 "to get information as well as filenames for downloaded files so they can use "
964 "them as well instead of downloading them again on their own. Detailed "
965 "documentation is omitted here and can instead be found in the source tree in "
966 "<literal><filename>doc/acquire-additional-files.txt</filename></literal>."
969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
972 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
973 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
979 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
980 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
983 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
986 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
987 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
993 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
994 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
995 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
996 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
997 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
998 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
999 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
1000 "means using <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of the "
1001 "offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> "
1002 "may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
1003 "Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
1006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1007 #: apt-get.8.xml:297
1009 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
1010 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
1011 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
1012 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
1013 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
1014 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
1015 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
1018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1019 #: apt-get.8.xml:308
1021 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
1022 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
1023 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
1026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1027 #: apt-get.8.xml:315
1029 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1030 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1031 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1032 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
1033 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
1034 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
1035 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
1038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1039 #: apt-get.8.xml:330
1041 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur based on the "
1042 "current system state but do not actually change the system. Locking will be "
1043 "disabled (<option>Debug::NoLocking</option>) so the system state could "
1044 "change while <command>apt-get</command> is running. Simulations can also be "
1045 "executed by non-root users which might not have read access to all apt "
1046 "configuration distorting the simulation. A notice expressing this warning "
1047 "is also shown by default for non-root users (<option>APT::Get::Show-User-"
1048 "Simulation-Note</option>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</"
1052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1053 #: apt-get.8.xml:340
1055 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
1056 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
1057 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
1058 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
1059 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
1062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1063 #: apt-get.8.xml:348
1065 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
1066 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
1067 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
1068 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
1069 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
1072 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1073 #: apt-get.8.xml:356
1075 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1076 "Assume-No</literal>."
1079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1080 #: apt-get.8.xml:361
1082 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
1083 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
1086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1087 #: apt-get.8.xml:367
1089 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
1090 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
1093 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1094 #: apt-get.8.xml:373
1096 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
1097 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
1098 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
1099 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
1100 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
1101 "Architecture</literal>."
1104 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1105 #: apt-get.8.xml:383
1107 "This option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package "
1108 "is built by <command>apt-get source --compile</command> and how build "
1109 "dependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More "
1110 "than one build profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them with "
1111 "a comma. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Build-Profiles</literal>."
1114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1115 #: apt-get.8.xml:394
1117 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
1118 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
1121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1122 #: apt-get.8.xml:399
1124 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
1125 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
1126 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
1127 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
1130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1131 #: apt-get.8.xml:406
1133 "Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with "
1134 "<literal>upgrade</literal>. This is useful if the update of a installed "
1135 "package requires new dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the "
1136 "package back <literal>upgrade</literal> will upgrade the package and install "
1137 "the new dependencies. Note that <literal>upgrade</literal> with this option "
1138 "will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item: "
1139 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New</literal>."
1142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1143 #: apt-get.8.xml:418
1145 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1146 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
1147 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
1148 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
1151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1152 #: apt-get.8.xml:425
1154 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1155 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
1156 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
1157 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
1160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1161 #: apt-get.8.xml:433
1163 "This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting "
1164 "if it is doing downgrades. It should not be used except in very special "
1165 "situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration "
1166 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-downgrades</literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1."
1169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1170 #: apt-get.8.xml:441
1172 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1173 "without prompting if it is removing essentials. It should not be used except "
1174 "in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! "
1175 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-remove-essential</literal>. "
1176 "Introduced in APT 1.1."
1179 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1180 #: apt-get.8.xml:449
1182 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1183 "without prompting if it is changing held packages. It should not be used "
1184 "except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your "
1185 "system! Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-change-held-packages</"
1186 "literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1."
1189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1190 #: apt-get.8.xml:457
1192 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1193 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
1194 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
1195 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
1196 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>. This is deprecated and replaced by "
1197 "<option>--allow-downgrades</option>, <option>--allow-remove-essential</"
1198 "option>, <option>--allow-change-held-packages</option> in 1.1."
1201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1202 #: apt-get.8.xml:465
1204 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
1205 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
1206 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
1207 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
1208 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
1209 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
1210 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1211 "Print-URIs</literal>."
1214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1215 #: apt-get.8.xml:476
1217 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
1218 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
1219 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
1220 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
1223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1224 #: apt-get.8.xml:484
1226 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
1227 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
1230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1231 #: apt-get.8.xml:489
1233 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
1234 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
1235 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
1236 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
1237 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1238 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
1241 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1242 #: apt-get.8.xml:499
1244 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
1245 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
1246 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
1247 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
1248 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
1249 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
1250 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
1251 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
1252 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
1255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1256 #: apt-get.8.xml:514
1258 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
1259 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
1260 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
1261 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
1264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1265 #: apt-get.8.xml:521
1267 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
1268 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
1271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1272 #: apt-get.8.xml:527
1274 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
1275 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
1276 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
1277 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
1280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1281 #: apt-get.8.xml:534
1283 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
1284 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
1285 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
1286 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
1287 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
1288 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
1292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1293 #: apt-get.8.xml:545
1295 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
1296 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
1297 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
1300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1301 #: apt-get.8.xml:551
1303 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
1304 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
1307 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1308 #: apt-get.8.xml:556
1310 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
1311 "can be useful while working with local repositories, but is a huge security "
1312 "risk if data authenticity isn't ensured in another way by the user itself. "
1313 "The usage of the <option>Trusted</option> option for &sources-list; entries "
1314 "should usually be preferred over this global override. Configuration Item: "
1315 "<literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
1318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1319 #: apt-get.8.xml:566
1321 "Forbid the update command to acquire unverifiable data from configured "
1322 "sources. Apt will fail at the update command for repositories without valid "
1323 "cryptographically signatures. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
1324 "AllowInsecureRepositories</literal>."
1327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1328 #: apt-get.8.xml:574
1330 "Show user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages "
1331 "are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machine parsable version of this "
1332 "data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration "
1333 "Item: <literal>Dpkg::Progress</literal> and <literal>Dpkg::Progress-Fancy</"
1337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1338 #: apt-get.8.xml:587 apt-cache.8.xml:352 apt-key.8.xml:170 apt-mark.8.xml:121
1339 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1315 apt_preferences.5.xml:709
1343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1344 #: apt-get.8.xml:598
1346 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, "
1347 "&apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the "
1351 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1352 #: apt-get.8.xml:604
1354 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
1358 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1359 #: apt-cache.8.xml:29
1360 msgid "query the APT cache"
1363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1364 #: apt-cache.8.xml:35
1366 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
1367 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
1368 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
1369 "output from the package metadata."
1372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1373 #: apt-cache.8.xml:45
1375 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
1376 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
1379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1380 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49 apt-cache.8.xml:137 apt-cache.8.xml:161
1381 #: apt-cache.8.xml:183 apt-cache.8.xml:188 apt-cache.8.xml:204
1382 #: apt-cache.8.xml:222 apt-cache.8.xml:234
1383 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
1386 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1387 #: apt-cache.8.xml:50
1389 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
1390 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
1391 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
1392 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
1393 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
1394 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
1395 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
1396 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
1397 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
1400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1401 #: apt-cache.8.xml:62
1404 "Package: libreadline2\n"
1405 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
1406 "Reverse Depends: \n"
1407 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
1408 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
1410 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
1413 "Reverse Provides: \n"
1416 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1417 #: apt-cache.8.xml:74
1419 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
1420 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
1421 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
1422 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
1423 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
1424 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
1425 "best to consult the apt source code."
1428 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1429 #: apt-cache.8.xml:83
1431 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
1432 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
1435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1436 #: apt-cache.8.xml:86
1438 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
1442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1443 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
1445 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
1446 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
1447 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
1448 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
1451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1452 #: apt-cache.8.xml:96
1454 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1455 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
1456 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
1457 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
1458 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
1459 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
1462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1463 #: apt-cache.8.xml:104
1465 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
1466 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
1467 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
1468 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
1471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1472 #: apt-cache.8.xml:110
1474 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1475 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
1476 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
1477 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
1480 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1481 #: apt-cache.8.xml:117
1483 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
1484 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
1485 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
1486 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
1487 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
1490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1491 #: apt-cache.8.xml:124
1493 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
1494 "found in the cache. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
1495 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
1496 "larger than the number of total package names."
1499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1500 #: apt-cache.8.xml:130
1502 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
1503 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
1506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1507 #: apt-cache.8.xml:138
1509 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
1510 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
1511 "records that declare the name to be a binary package. Use <option>--only-"
1512 "source</option> to display only source package names."
1515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1516 #: apt-cache.8.xml:147
1518 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
1519 "It is primarily for debugging."
1522 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1523 #: apt-cache.8.xml:152
1525 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
1526 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
1529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1530 #: apt-cache.8.xml:157
1532 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
1536 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1537 #: apt-cache.8.xml:162
1539 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
1540 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
1543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1544 #: apt-cache.8.xml:167
1545 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
1548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1549 #: apt-cache.8.xml:168
1551 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
1552 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
1553 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
1554 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
1555 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
1556 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
1557 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
1558 "description is not searched, only the package name and provided packages are."
1561 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1562 #: apt-cache.8.xml:179
1564 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
1568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1569 #: apt-cache.8.xml:184
1571 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
1572 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
1575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1576 #: apt-cache.8.xml:189
1578 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
1582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1583 #: apt-cache.8.xml:193
1585 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
1587 "<programlisting>\n"
1588 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1591 #: apt-cache.8.xml:194
1593 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
1594 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
1595 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
1596 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
1600 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1601 #: apt-cache.8.xml:199
1603 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
1604 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
1605 "the generated list."
1608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1609 #: apt-cache.8.xml:205
1611 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
1612 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1613 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
1614 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
1615 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
1616 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
1617 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
1618 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
1621 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1622 #: apt-cache.8.xml:214
1624 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
1625 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
1626 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
1627 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
1630 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1631 #: apt-cache.8.xml:219
1632 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
1635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1636 #: apt-cache.8.xml:223
1638 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
1639 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
1642 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1643 #: apt-cache.8.xml:227
1645 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
1647 "<programlisting>\n"
1648 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1651 #: apt-cache.8.xml:228
1653 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
1654 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
1655 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
1656 "selection of the named package."
1659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1660 #: apt-cache.8.xml:235
1662 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
1663 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
1664 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
1665 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
1666 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
1667 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
1668 "Architecture</literal>)."
1671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1672 #: apt-cache.8.xml:251
1674 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
1675 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
1676 "pkgcache</literal>."
1679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1680 #: apt-cache.8.xml:257
1682 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
1683 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
1684 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
1685 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
1686 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
1689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1690 #: apt-cache.8.xml:265
1692 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1693 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1694 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
1695 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1699 #: apt-cache.8.xml:272
1701 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
1702 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
1703 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
1706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1707 #: apt-cache.8.xml:286
1709 "Per default the <command>depends</command> and <command>rdepends</command> "
1710 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1711 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1712 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1713 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1717 #: apt-cache.8.xml:294
1719 "Per default <command>depends</command> and <command>rdepends</command> print "
1720 "only dependencies explicitly expressed in the metadata. With this flag it "
1721 "will also show dependencies implicitely added based on the encountered "
1722 "data. A <literal>Conflicts: foo</literal> e.g. expresses implicitely that "
1723 "this package also conflicts with the package foo from any other "
1724 "architecture. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::ShowImplicit</"
1728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1729 #: apt-cache.8.xml:304
1731 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1732 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1736 #: apt-cache.8.xml:309
1738 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1739 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1740 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1741 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1742 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1743 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1746 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1747 #: apt-cache.8.xml:318
1749 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1750 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1751 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1755 #: apt-cache.8.xml:324
1757 "Only search on the package and provided package names, not the long "
1758 "descriptions. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1762 #: apt-cache.8.xml:329
1764 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1765 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1766 "AllNames</literal>."
1769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1770 #: apt-cache.8.xml:335
1772 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1773 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1774 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1778 #: apt-cache.8.xml:342
1780 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1781 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1782 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1786 #: apt-cache.8.xml:360
1787 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1790 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1791 #: apt-cache.8.xml:365
1793 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1799 msgid "APT key management utility"
1802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1805 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
1806 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
1807 "keys will be considered trusted."
1810 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1815 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1818 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
1819 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
1820 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
1823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1825 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
1828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1830 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
1833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1835 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
1838 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1840 msgid "List trusted keys."
1843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1844 #: apt-key.8.xml:103
1845 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
1848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1849 #: apt-key.8.xml:114
1851 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
1855 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1856 #: apt-key.8.xml:126
1858 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
1859 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
1860 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
1861 "distribution, e.g. the &keyring-package; package in &keyring-distro;."
1864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1865 #: apt-key.8.xml:140
1867 "Perform an update working similarly to the <command>update</command> command "
1868 "above, but get the archive keyring from a URI instead and validate it "
1869 "against a master key. This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build "
1870 "configured to have a server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. "
1871 "APT in Debian does not support this command, relying on <command>update</"
1872 "command> instead, but Ubuntu's APT does."
1875 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1876 #: apt-key.8.xml:156 apt-cdrom.8.xml:76
1880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1881 #: apt-key.8.xml:157
1883 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
1887 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1888 #: apt-key.8.xml:160
1890 "With this option it is possible to specify a particular keyring file the "
1891 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
1892 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
1893 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
1894 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
1898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1899 #: apt-key.8.xml:175
1901 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
1902 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
1904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1905 #: apt-key.8.xml:176
1906 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
1909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1910 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
1911 msgid "&keyring-filename;"
1914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1915 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
1916 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive trusted keys."
1919 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1920 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
1921 msgid "&keyring-removed-filename;"
1924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1925 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
1926 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive removed trusted keys."
1929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1930 #: apt-key.8.xml:193
1932 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
1933 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1936 #: apt-mark.8.xml:29
1937 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
1940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1941 #: apt-mark.8.xml:35
1943 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
1944 "being automatically installed."
1947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1948 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
1950 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
1951 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
1952 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
1953 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
1954 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
1957 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1958 #: apt-mark.8.xml:48
1960 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
1961 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
1962 "installed packages depend on this package."
1965 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1966 #: apt-mark.8.xml:56
1968 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
1969 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
1970 "if no other packages depend on it."
1973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1974 #: apt-mark.8.xml:64
1976 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as held back, which will "
1977 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
1978 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
1979 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
1980 "affected by the <option>--file</option> option."
1983 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1984 #: apt-mark.8.xml:74
1986 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
1987 "package to allow all actions again."
1990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1991 #: apt-mark.8.xml:80
1993 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
1994 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
1995 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
1996 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
1999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2000 #: apt-mark.8.xml:88
2002 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2003 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2004 "installed packages instead."
2007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2008 #: apt-mark.8.xml:95
2010 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2011 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2014 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2015 #: apt-mark.8.xml:111
2017 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2018 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
2019 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
2020 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
2023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2024 #: apt-mark.8.xml:132
2026 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2030 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2031 #: apt-secure.8.xml:43
2032 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2036 #: apt-secure.8.xml:48
2038 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2039 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2040 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2041 "the Release file signing key."
2044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2045 #: apt-secure.8.xml:56
2047 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature, or with a signature "
2048 "that apt does not have a key for, that package is considered untrusted, and "
2049 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2050 "currently only warn for unsigned archives; future releases might force all "
2051 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2055 #: apt-secure.8.xml:65
2057 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2058 "authentication feature."
2061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2062 #: apt-secure.8.xml:70
2063 msgid "Trusted archives"
2066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2067 #: apt-secure.8.xml:73
2069 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of several "
2070 "steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this chain; "
2071 "trusting an archive does not mean that you trust its packages not to contain "
2072 "malicious code, but means that you trust the archive maintainer. It's the "
2073 "archive maintainer's responsibility to ensure that the archive's integrity "
2077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2078 #: apt-secure.8.xml:81
2080 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2081 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2082 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2083 "packages respectively)."
2086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2087 #: apt-secure.8.xml:88
2089 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2090 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. In order to become "
2091 "effective, this upload needs to be signed by a key contained in the Debian "
2092 "Maintainers keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). Maintainers' "
2093 "keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established procedures to "
2094 "ensure the identity of the key holder."
2097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2098 #: apt-secure.8.xml:98
2100 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2101 "maintainer signature is stripped off, and checksums of the package are "
2102 "computed and put in the Packages file. The checksums of all of the Packages "
2103 "files are then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is "
2104 "then signed by the archive key for this &keyring-distro; release, and "
2105 "distributed alongside the packages and the Packages files on &keyring-"
2106 "distro; mirrors. The keys are in the &keyring-distro; archive keyring "
2107 "available in the &keyring-package; package."
2110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2111 #: apt-secure.8.xml:109
2113 "End users can check the signature of the Release file, extract a checksum of "
2114 "a package from it and compare it with the checksum of the package they "
2115 "downloaded by hand - or rely on APT doing this automatically."
2118 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2119 #: apt-secure.8.xml:114
2121 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2122 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2126 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
2128 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2129 "checking, malicious agents can introduce themselves into the package "
2130 "download process and provide malicious software either by controlling a "
2131 "network element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue "
2132 "server (through ARP or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2135 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2136 #: apt-secure.8.xml:127
2138 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2139 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
2140 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
2144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2145 #: apt-secure.8.xml:134
2147 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
2148 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
2149 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
2150 "package signature."
2153 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2154 #: apt-secure.8.xml:140
2155 msgid "User configuration"
2158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2159 #: apt-secure.8.xml:142
2161 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
2162 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys, although an installation of "
2163 "this release will automatically contain the default Debian archive signing "
2164 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
2167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2168 #: apt-secure.8.xml:149
2170 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
2171 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
2172 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
2173 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
2174 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
2178 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2179 #: apt-secure.8.xml:158
2180 msgid "Archive configuration"
2183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2184 #: apt-secure.8.xml:160
2186 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
2187 "maintenance you have to:"
2190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2191 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
2193 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
2194 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
2195 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
2198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2199 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
2201 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
2202 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
2203 "gpg Release</command>."
2206 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2207 #: apt-secure.8.xml:174
2209 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
2210 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
2214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2215 #: apt-secure.8.xml:181
2217 "Whenever the contents of the archive change (new packages are added or "
2218 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps outlined "
2222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2223 #: apt-secure.8.xml:189
2225 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
2226 "&debsign;, &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
2229 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2230 #: apt-secure.8.xml:193
2232 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
2233 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
2234 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
2235 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
2236 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
2237 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
2240 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2241 #: apt-secure.8.xml:206
2242 msgid "Manpage Authors"
2245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2246 #: apt-secure.8.xml:208
2248 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
2249 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
2252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2253 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:28
2254 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
2257 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2258 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:34
2260 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
2261 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
2262 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
2263 "burns and verifying the index files."
2266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2267 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:41
2269 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
2270 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
2271 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
2274 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2275 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:52
2277 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
2278 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
2279 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
2280 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
2284 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2285 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:60
2287 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
2288 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
2292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2293 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:68
2295 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
2299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2300 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:81
2302 "Do not try to auto-detect the CD-ROM path. Usually combined with the "
2303 "<option>--cdrom</option> option. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
2304 "cdrom::AutoDetect</literal>."
2307 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2308 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:89
2310 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
2311 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
2312 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
2315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2316 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:98
2318 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
2319 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
2320 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
2323 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2324 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:107
2326 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
2327 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
2328 "NoMount</literal>."
2331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2332 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:115
2334 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
2335 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
2336 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
2337 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
2340 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2341 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:125
2343 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
2344 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
2345 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
2348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2349 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:136
2351 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
2352 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
2353 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
2356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2357 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:149
2359 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
2360 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2363 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:154
2365 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2370 #: apt-config.8.xml:29
2371 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
2374 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2375 #: apt-config.8.xml:35
2377 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
2378 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
2379 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
2380 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
2383 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2384 #: apt-config.8.xml:47
2386 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
2387 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
2388 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
2389 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
2393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
2394 #: apt-config.8.xml:55
2398 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
2402 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2403 #: apt-config.8.xml:60
2405 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
2406 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
2409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2410 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
2412 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
2413 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
2414 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
2417 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2418 #: apt-config.8.xml:73
2419 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
2422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2423 #: apt-config.8.xml:86
2425 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
2426 "empty to remove them from the output."
2429 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
2430 #: apt-config.8.xml:91
2431 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
2434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2435 #: apt-config.8.xml:92
2437 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
2438 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
2439 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
2440 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
2441 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
2442 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
2445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2446 #: apt-config.8.xml:106 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:67 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:60
2447 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:604
2455 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2456 #: apt-config.8.xml:111
2458 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
2463 #: apt.conf.5.xml:16
2464 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
2467 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
2468 #: apt.conf.5.xml:17
2469 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
2472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
2473 #: apt.conf.5.xml:27 apt_preferences.5.xml:21 sources.list.5.xml:22
2477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2478 #: apt.conf.5.xml:34
2479 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
2482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2483 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
2485 "<filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file shared "
2486 "by all the tools in the APT suite of tools, though it is by no means the "
2487 "only place options can be set. The suite also shares a common command line "
2488 "parser to provide a uniform environment."
2491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
2492 #: apt.conf.5.xml:44
2494 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
2498 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2499 #: apt.conf.5.xml:46
2501 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
2505 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2506 #: apt.conf.5.xml:48
2508 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
2509 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
2510 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
2511 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
2512 "ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
2513 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will "
2514 "be silently ignored."
2517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2518 #: apt.conf.5.xml:55
2520 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
2523 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2524 #: apt.conf.5.xml:57
2526 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
2527 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
2530 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2531 #: apt.conf.5.xml:61
2535 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2536 #: apt.conf.5.xml:62
2538 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
2539 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
2540 "notation; for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
2541 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
2542 "their parent groups."
2545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2546 #: apt.conf.5.xml:68
2548 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
2549 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
2550 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
2551 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
2552 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The "
2553 "quotation marks and trailing semicolon are required. The value must be on "
2554 "one line, and there is no kind of string concatenation. Values must not "
2555 "include backslashes or extra quotation marks. Option names are made up of "
2556 "alphanumeric characters and the characters \"/-:._+\". A new scope can be "
2557 "opened with curly braces, like this:"
2560 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2561 #: apt.conf.5.xml:81
2566 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
2567 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
2572 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2573 #: apt.conf.5.xml:89
2575 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
2576 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
2577 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, separated by a semicolon."
2580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2581 #: apt.conf.5.xml:94
2583 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
2586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2587 #: apt.conf.5.xml:97
2589 "In general the sample configuration file &configureindex; is a good guide "
2590 "for how it should look."
2593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2594 #: apt.conf.5.xml:100
2596 "Case is not significant in names of configuration items, so in the previous "
2597 "example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
2600 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2601 #: apt.conf.5.xml:103
2603 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as can "
2604 "be seen in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. If "
2605 "you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
2606 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option in the same way as "
2607 "any other option by reassigning a new value to the option."
2610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2611 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
2613 "Two special commands are defined: <literal>#include</literal> (which is "
2614 "deprecated and not supported by alternative implementations) and "
2615 "<literal>#clear</literal>. <literal>#include</literal> will include the "
2616 "given file, unless the filename ends in a slash, in which case the whole "
2617 "directory is included. <literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of "
2618 "the configuration tree. The specified element and all its descendants are "
2619 "erased. (Note that these lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
2622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2623 #: apt.conf.5.xml:118
2625 "The <literal>#clear</literal> command is the only way to delete a list or a "
2626 "complete scope. Reopening a scope (or using the syntax described below with "
2627 "an appended <literal>::</literal>) will <emphasis>not</emphasis> override "
2628 "previously written entries. Options can only be overridden by addressing a "
2629 "new value to them - lists and scopes can't be overridden, only cleared."
2632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2633 #: apt.conf.5.xml:126
2635 "All of the APT tools take an -o option which allows an arbitrary "
2636 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
2637 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
2638 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
2639 "element to a list, add a trailing <literal>::</literal> to the name of the "
2640 "list. (As you might suspect, the scope syntax can't be used on the command "
2644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2645 #: apt.conf.5.xml:134
2647 "Note that appending items to a list using <literal>::</literal> only works "
2648 "for one item per line, and that you should not use it in combination with "
2649 "the scope syntax (which adds <literal>::</literal> implicitly). Using both "
2650 "syntaxes together will trigger a bug which some users unfortunately depend "
2651 "on: an option with the unusual name \"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts "
2652 "like every other option with a name. This introduces many problems; for one "
2653 "thing, users who write multiple lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> "
2654 "syntax in the hope of appending to a list will achieve the opposite, as only "
2655 "the last assignment for this option \"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. "
2656 "Future versions of APT will raise errors and stop working if they encounter "
2657 "this misuse, so please correct such statements now while APT doesn't "
2658 "explicitly complain about them."
2661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2662 #: apt.conf.5.xml:149
2663 msgid "The APT Group"
2666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2667 #: apt.conf.5.xml:150
2669 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
2670 "options for all of the tools."
2673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2674 #: apt.conf.5.xml:155
2676 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
2677 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
2681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2682 #: apt.conf.5.xml:162
2684 "All Architectures the system supports. For instance, CPUs implementing the "
2685 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) "
2686 "instruction set are also able to execute binaries compiled for the "
2687 "<literal>i386</literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set. This list "
2688 "is used when fetching files and parsing package lists. The initial default "
2689 "is always the system's native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</"
2690 "literal>), and foreign architectures are added to the default list when they "
2691 "are registered via <command>dpkg --add-architecture</command>."
2694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2695 #: apt.conf.5.xml:176
2697 "List of all build profiles enabled for build-dependency resolution, without "
2698 "the \"<literal>profile.</literal>\" namespace prefix. By default this list "
2699 "is empty. The <envar>DEB_BUILD_PROFILES</envar> as used by &dpkg-"
2700 "buildpackage; overrides the list notation."
2703 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2704 #: apt.conf.5.xml:184
2706 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version is "
2707 "available. Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: "
2708 "'stable', 'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', "
2709 "'4.0', '5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
2712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2713 #: apt.conf.5.xml:190
2715 "Ignore held packages; this global option causes the problem resolver to "
2716 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
2719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2720 #: apt.conf.5.xml:195
2722 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
2723 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
2724 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
2725 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
2728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2729 #: apt.conf.5.xml:203
2731 "Defaults to on, which will cause APT to install essential and important "
2732 "packages as soon as possible in an install/upgrade operation, in order to "
2733 "limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call. If this option is disabled, APT "
2734 "treats an important package in the same way as an extra package: between the "
2735 "unpacking of the package A and its configuration there can be many other "
2736 "unpack or configuration calls for other unrelated packages B, C etc. If "
2737 "these cause the &dpkg; call to fail (e.g. because package B's maintainer "
2738 "scripts generate an error), this results in a system state in which package "
2739 "A is unpacked but unconfigured - so any package depending on A is now no "
2740 "longer guaranteed to work, as its dependency on A is no longer satisfied."
2743 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2744 #: apt.conf.5.xml:215
2746 "The immediate configuration marker is also applied in the potentially "
2747 "problematic case of circular dependencies, since a dependency with the "
2748 "immediate flag is equivalent to a Pre-Dependency. In theory this allows APT "
2749 "to recognise a situation in which it is unable to perform immediate "
2750 "configuration, abort, and suggest to the user that the option should be "
2751 "temporarily deactivated in order to allow the operation to proceed. Note "
2752 "the use of the word \"theory\" here; in the real world this problem has "
2753 "rarely been encountered, in non-stable distribution versions, and was caused "
2754 "by wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an "
2755 "already broken state; so you should not blindly disable this option, as the "
2756 "scenario mentioned above is not the only problem it can help to prevent in "
2760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2761 #: apt.conf.5.xml:228
2763 "Before a big operation like <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> is run with this "
2764 "option disabled you should try to explicitly <literal>install</literal> the "
2765 "package APT is unable to configure immediately; but please make sure you "
2766 "also report your problem to your distribution and to the APT team with the "
2767 "buglink below, so they can work on improving or correcting the upgrade "
2771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2772 #: apt.conf.5.xml:239
2774 "Never enable this option unless you <emphasis>really</emphasis> know what "
2775 "you are doing. It permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to "
2776 "break a Conflicts/Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depends loop between two "
2777 "essential packages. <emphasis>Such a loop should never exist and is a grave "
2778 "bug</emphasis>. This option will work if the essential packages are not "
2779 "<command>tar</command>, <command>gzip</command>, <command>libc</command>, "
2780 "<command>dpkg</command>, <command>dash</command> or anything that those "
2781 "packages depend on."
2784 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2785 #: apt.conf.5.xml:251
2787 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
2788 "the available information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint of "
2789 "the size the cache will grow to, and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
2790 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
2791 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT; otherwise it will "
2792 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
2793 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
2794 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
2795 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the cache size will be increased in the event "
2796 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. This "
2797 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
2798 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
2799 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
2800 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
2801 "automatic growth of the cache is disabled."
2804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2805 #: apt.conf.5.xml:267
2806 msgid "Defines which packages are considered essential build dependencies."
2809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2810 #: apt.conf.5.xml:271
2812 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool; please see its documentation "
2813 "for more information about the options here."
2816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2817 #: apt.conf.5.xml:276
2819 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool; please see its "
2820 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2824 #: apt.conf.5.xml:281
2826 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool; please see its "
2827 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2831 #: apt.conf.5.xml:287
2832 msgid "The Acquire Group"
2835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2836 #: apt.conf.5.xml:288
2838 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
2839 "packages as well as the various \"acquire methods\" responsible for the "
2840 "download itself (see also &sources-list;)."
2843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2844 #: apt.conf.5.xml:295
2846 "Security related option defaulting to true, as giving a Release file's "
2847 "validation an expiration date prevents replay attacks over a long timescale, "
2848 "and can also for example help users to identify mirrors that are no longer "
2849 "updated - but the feature depends on the correctness of the clock on the "
2850 "user system. Archive maintainers are encouraged to create Release files with "
2851 "the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header, but if they don't or a stricter "
2852 "value is desired the <literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option below can be "
2853 "used. The <option>Check-Valid-Until</option> option of &sources-list; "
2854 "entries should be preferred to disable the check selectively instead of "
2855 "using this global override."
2858 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2859 #: apt.conf.5.xml:310
2861 "Maximum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2862 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2863 "should be considered valid. If the Release file itself includes a "
2864 "<literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of the two is used as "
2865 "the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</literal> which stands "
2866 "for \"valid forever\". Archive specific settings can be made by appending "
2867 "the label of the archive to the option name. Preferably, the same can be "
2868 "achieved for specific &sources-list; entries by using the <option>Valid-"
2869 "Until-Max</option> option there."
2872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2873 #: apt.conf.5.xml:323
2875 "Minimum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2876 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2877 "should be considered valid. Use this if you need to use a seldom updated "
2878 "(local) mirror of a more frequently updated archive with a <literal>Valid-"
2879 "Until</literal> header instead of completely disabling the expiration date "
2880 "checking. Archive specific settings can and should be used by appending the "
2881 "label of the archive to the option name. Preferably, the same can be "
2882 "achieved for specific &sources-list; entries by using the <option>Valid-"
2883 "Until-Min</option> option there."
2886 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2887 #: apt.conf.5.xml:336
2889 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for indexes (like "
2890 "<filename>Packages</filename> files) instead of downloading whole ones. True "
2891 "by default. Preferably, this can be set for specific &sources-list; entries "
2892 "or index files by using the <option>PDiffs</option> option there."
2895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2896 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341
2898 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: "
2899 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be used to specify a maximum number of "
2900 "PDiff files should be downloaded to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</"
2901 "literal> on the other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all "
2902 "patches compared to the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is "
2903 "exceeded the complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
2906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2907 #: apt.conf.5.xml:351
2909 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
2910 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
2911 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
2912 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
2913 "connection per URI type will be opened."
2916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2917 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
2919 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
2920 "files the given number of times."
2923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2924 #: apt.conf.5.xml:364
2926 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
2927 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
2930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2931 #: apt.conf.5.xml:369
2933 "<literal>http::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for HTTP URIs. "
2934 "It is in the standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2935 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2936 "<literal>http::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2937 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2938 "settings is specified, <envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will "
2942 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2943 #: apt.conf.5.xml:377
2945 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
2946 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy not to use its cached "
2947 "response under any circumstances. <literal>Max-Age</literal> sets the "
2948 "allowed maximum age (in seconds) of an index file in the cache of the "
2949 "proxy. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the proxy should not "
2950 "store the requested archive files in its cache, which can be used to prevent "
2951 "the proxy from polluting its cache with (big) .deb files."
2954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2955 #: apt.conf.5.xml:387 apt.conf.5.xml:475
2957 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
2958 "method; this value applies to the connection as well as the data timeout."
2961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2962 #: apt.conf.5.xml:390
2964 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
2965 "enable HTTP pipelining (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
2966 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are sent in a "
2967 "pipeline. APT tries to detect and workaround misbehaving webservers and "
2968 "proxies at runtime, but if you know that yours does not conform to the "
2969 "HTTP/1.1 specification pipelining can be disabled by setting the value to 0. "
2970 "It is enabled by default with the value 10."
2973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2974 #: apt.conf.5.xml:397
2976 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls whether APT will "
2977 "follow redirects, which is enabled by default."
2980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2981 #: apt.conf.5.xml:400
2983 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
2984 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobytes per second. The default "
2985 "value is 0 which deactivates the limit and tries to use all available "
2986 "bandwidth. Note that this option implicitly disables downloading from "
2987 "multiple servers at the same time."
2990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2991 #: apt.conf.5.xml:407
2993 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
2994 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
2995 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
2998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2999 #: apt.conf.5.xml:411
3001 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy-Auto-Detect</literal> can be used to specify "
3002 "an external command to discover the http proxy to use. Apt expects the "
3003 "command to output the proxy on stdout in the style <literal>http://proxy:"
3004 "port/</literal>. This will override the generic <literal>Acquire::http::"
3005 "Proxy</literal> but not any specific host proxy configuration set via "
3006 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy::$HOST</literal>. See the &squid-deb-proxy-"
3007 "client; package for an example implementation that uses avahi. This option "
3008 "takes precedence over the legacy option name <literal>ProxyAutoDetect</"
3012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3013 #: apt.conf.5.xml:429
3015 "The <literal>Cache-control</literal>, <literal>Timeout</literal>, "
3016 "<literal>AllowRedirect</literal>, <literal>Dl-Limit</literal> and "
3017 "<literal>proxy</literal> options work for HTTPS URIs in the same way as for "
3018 "the <literal>http</literal> method, and default to the same values if they "
3019 "are not explicitly set. The <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is not "
3023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3024 #: apt.conf.5.xml:437
3026 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3027 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is the "
3028 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3029 "suboption determines whether or not the server's host certificate should be "
3030 "verified against trusted certificates. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</"
3031 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</"
3032 "literal> boolean suboption determines whether or not the server's hostname "
3033 "should be verified. <literal><host>::Verify-Host</literal> is the "
3034 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslCert</literal> determines what "
3035 "certificate to use for client authentication. <literal><host>::"
3036 "SslCert</literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslKey</"
3037 "literal> determines what private key to use for client authentication. "
3038 "<literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is the corresponding per-host "
3039 "option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides default SSL version to "
3040 "use. It can contain either of the strings '<literal>TLSv1</literal>' or "
3041 "'<literal>SSLv3</literal>'. <literal><host>::SslForceVersion</"
3042 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option."
3045 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3046 #: apt.conf.5.xml:458
3048 "<literal>ftp::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for FTP URIs. "
3049 "It is in the standard form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
3050 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
3051 "<literal>ftp::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
3052 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
3053 "settings is specified, <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be "
3054 "used. To use an FTP proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</"
3055 "literal> script in the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands "
3056 "to send to tell the proxy server what to connect to. Please see "
3057 "&configureindex; for an example of how to do this. The substitution "
3058 "variables representing the corresponding URI component are <literal>"
3059 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal>, <literal>"
3060 "$(SITE_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE)</"
3061 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal>."
3064 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3065 #: apt.conf.5.xml:478
3067 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3068 "to leave passive mode on; it works in nearly every environment. However, "
3069 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode FTP used "
3070 "instead. This can be done globally or for connections that go through a "
3071 "proxy or for a specific host (see the sample config file for examples)."
3074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3075 #: apt.conf.5.xml:485
3077 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3078 "envar> environment variable to an HTTP URL - see the discussion of the http "
3079 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3080 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3084 #: apt.conf.5.xml:490
3086 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3087 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3088 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3089 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3090 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3093 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3094 #: apt.conf.5.xml:504
3096 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3100 #: apt.conf.5.xml:499
3102 "For URIs using the <literal>cdrom</literal> method, the only configurable "
3103 "option is the mount point, <literal>cdrom::Mount</literal>, which must be "
3104 "the mount point for the CD-ROM (or DVD, or whatever) drive as specified in "
3105 "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to provide alternate mount "
3106 "and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be listed in the fstab. The "
3107 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3108 "<literal>cdrom</literal> block. It is important to have the trailing slash. "
3109 "Unmount commands can be specified using UMount."
3112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3113 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
3115 "For GPGV URIs the only configurable option is <literal>gpgv::Options</"
3116 "literal>, which passes additional parameters to gpgv."
3119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3120 #: apt.conf.5.xml:523
3122 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3126 #: apt.conf.5.xml:518
3128 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3129 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3130 "compression formats. By default the acquire methods can decompress "
3131 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3132 "command> compressed files; with this setting more formats can be added on "
3133 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3134 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3138 #: apt.conf.5.xml:528
3140 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3143 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3144 #: apt.conf.5.xml:531
3146 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3150 #: apt.conf.5.xml:524
3152 "Also, the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3153 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3154 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3155 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simply add the "
3156 "preferred type first - default types not already added will be implicitly "
3157 "appended to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3158 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3159 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3160 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3161 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this: "
3162 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3163 "<literal>bz2</literal> to the list explicitly as it will be added "
3167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3168 #: apt.conf.5.xml:538
3170 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3174 #: apt.conf.5.xml:533
3176 "Note that the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable></"
3177 "literal> will be checked at run time. If this option has been set, the "
3178 "method will only be used if this file exists; e.g. for the <literal>bzip2</"
3179 "literal> method (the inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout"
3180 "\" id=\"0\"/> Note also that list entries specified on the command line will "
3181 "be added at the end of the list specified in the configuration files, but "
3182 "before the default entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones "
3183 "specified in the configuration files you can set the option direct - not in "
3184 "list style. This will not override the defined list; it will only prefix "
3185 "the list with this type."
3188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3189 #: apt.conf.5.xml:543
3191 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3192 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3193 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3197 #: apt.conf.5.xml:550
3199 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3200 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3201 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3202 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3206 #: apt.conf.5.xml:558
3208 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3209 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the description-"
3210 "translations. APT will try to display the first available description in the "
3211 "language which is listed first. Languages can be defined with their short or "
3212 "long language codes. Note that not all archives provide "
3213 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every language - the long "
3214 "language codes are especially rare."
3217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3218 #: apt.conf.5.xml:575
3220 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3224 #: apt.conf.5.xml:563
3226 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3227 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: it will be "
3228 "replaced at runtime with the language codes extracted from the "
3229 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3230 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3231 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3232 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3233 "force APT to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3234 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3235 "meaning code which will stop the search for a suitable "
3236 "<filename>Translation</filename> file. This tells APT to download these "
3237 "translations too, without actually using them unless the environment "
3238 "specifies the languages. So the following example configuration will result "
3239 "in the order \"en, de\" in an English locale or \"de, en\" in a German one. "
3240 "Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used unless APT is used in a French "
3241 "locale (where the order would be \"fr, de, en\"). <placeholder type="
3242 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
3245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3246 #: apt.conf.5.xml:576
3248 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3249 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3250 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3251 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3255 #: apt.conf.5.xml:585
3256 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv4 protocol."
3259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3260 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
3261 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv6 protocol."
3264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3265 #: apt.conf.5.xml:597
3267 "The maximum file size of Release/Release.gpg/InRelease files. The default "
3271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3272 #: apt.conf.5.xml:604
3274 "This option controls if apt will use the DNS SRV server record as specified "
3275 "in RFC 2782 to select an alternative server to connect to. The default is "
3279 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3280 #: apt.conf.5.xml:613
3282 "Allow the update operation to load data files from a repository without a "
3283 "trusted signature. If enabled this option no data files will be loaded and "
3284 "the update operation fails with a error for this source. The default is "
3285 "false for backward compatibility. This will be changed in the future."
3288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3289 #: apt.conf.5.xml:624
3291 "Allow that a repository that was previously gpg signed to become unsigned "
3292 "durign a update operation. When there is no valid signature of a perviously "
3293 "trusted repository apt will refuse the update. This option can be used to "
3294 "override this protection. You almost certainly never want to enable this. "
3295 "The default is false. Note that apt will still consider packages from this "
3296 "source untrusted and warn about them if you try to install them."
3299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3300 #: apt.conf.5.xml:636
3304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3305 #: apt.conf.5.xml:638
3307 "Acquiring changelogs can only be done if an URI is known from where to get "
3308 "them. Preferable the Release file indicates this in a 'Changelogs' field. "
3309 "If this isn't available the Label/Origin field of the Release file is used "
3310 "to check if a <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Label::<replaceable>LABEL</"
3311 "replaceable></literal> or <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Origin::"
3312 "<replaceable>ORIGIN</replaceable></literal> option exists and if so this "
3313 "value is taken. The value in the Release file can be overridden with "
3314 "<literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Override::Label::<replaceable>LABEL</"
3315 "replaceable></literal> or <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Override::"
3316 "Origin::<replaceable>ORIGIN</replaceable></literal>. The value should be a "
3317 "normal URI to a text file, expect that package specific data is replaced "
3318 "with the placeholder <literal>CHANGEPATH</literal>. The value for it is: 1. "
3319 "if the package is from a component (e.g. <literal>main</literal>) this is "
3320 "the first part otherwise it is omitted, 2. the first letter of source "
3321 "package name, expect if the source package name starts with '<literal>lib</"
3322 "literal>' in which case it will be the first four letters. 3. The complete "
3323 "source package name. 4. the complete name again and 5. the source version. "
3324 "The first (if present), second, third and fourth part are separated by a "
3325 "slash ('<literal>/</literal>') and between the fourth and fifth part is an "
3326 "underscore ('<literal>_</literal>'). The special value '<literal>no</"
3327 "literal>' is available for this option indicating that this source can't be "
3328 "used to acquire changelog files from. Another source will be tried if "
3329 "available in this case."
3332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3333 #: apt.conf.5.xml:666
3337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3338 #: apt.conf.5.xml:668
3340 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3341 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3342 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3343 "&dpkg; status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3344 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3345 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub-items if they do not "
3346 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3350 #: apt.conf.5.xml:675
3352 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3353 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3354 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3355 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3356 "be turned off by setting <literal>pkgcache</literal> or "
3357 "<literal>srcpkgcache</literal> to <literal>\"\"</literal>. This will slow "
3358 "down startup but save disk space. It is probably preferable to turn off the "
3359 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3360 "the default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3364 #: apt.conf.5.xml:685
3366 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3367 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3368 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3369 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3370 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3373 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3374 #: apt.conf.5.xml:691
3376 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3377 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3378 "main config file is loaded."
3381 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3382 #: apt.conf.5.xml:695
3384 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3385 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3386 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3387 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3388 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3389 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3392 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3393 #: apt.conf.5.xml:703
3395 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3396 "set, all paths will be relative to <literal>RootDir</literal>, "
3397 "<emphasis>even paths that are specified absolutely</emphasis>. So, for "
3398 "instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is set to <filename>/tmp/staging</"
3399 "filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</literal> is set to <filename>/var/"
3400 "lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the status file will be looked up in "
3401 "<filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>. If you want to "
3402 "prefix only relative paths, set <literal>Dir</literal> instead."
3405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3406 #: apt.conf.5.xml:717
3408 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3409 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3410 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3411 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3412 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3413 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3416 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3417 #: apt.conf.5.xml:726
3418 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3422 #: apt.conf.5.xml:728
3424 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3425 "control the default behavior. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3429 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3430 #: apt.conf.5.xml:733
3432 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of <literal>always</literal>, "
3433 "<literal>prompt</literal>, <literal>auto</literal>, <literal>pre-auto</"
3434 "literal> and <literal>never</literal>. <literal>always</literal> and "
3435 "<literal>prompt</literal> will remove all packages from the cache after "
3436 "upgrading, <literal>prompt</literal> (the default) does so conditionally. "
3437 "<literal>auto</literal> removes only those packages which are no longer "
3438 "downloadable (replaced with a new version for instance). <literal>pre-auto</"
3439 "literal> performs this action before downloading new packages."
3442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3443 #: apt.conf.5.xml:747
3445 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3446 "options when it is run for the install phase."
3449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3450 #: apt.conf.5.xml:752
3452 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3453 "options when it is run for the update phase."
3456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3457 #: apt.conf.5.xml:757
3459 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
3460 "The default is to prompt only on error."
3463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3464 #: apt.conf.5.xml:763
3465 msgid "How APT calls &dpkg;"
3468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3469 #: apt.conf.5.xml:764
3471 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
3472 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
3475 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3476 #: apt.conf.5.xml:769
3478 "This is a list of options to pass to &dpkg;. The options must be specified "
3479 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
3483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3484 #: apt.conf.5.xml:775
3486 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3487 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3488 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3489 "fail APT will abort."
3492 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3493 #: apt.conf.5.xml:782
3495 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3496 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3497 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3498 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass the filenames of all .deb files it is "
3499 "going to install to the commands, one per line on the requested file "
3500 "descriptor, defaulting to standard input."
3503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3504 #: apt.conf.5.xml:789
3506 "Version 2 of this protocol sends more information through the requested file "
3507 "descriptor: a line with the text <literal>VERSION 2</literal>, the APT "
3508 "configuration space, and a list of package actions with filename and version "
3512 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3513 #: apt.conf.5.xml:794
3515 "Each configuration directive line has the form <literal>key=value</"
3516 "literal>. Special characters (equal signs, newlines, nonprintable "
3517 "characters, quotation marks, and percent signs in <literal>key</literal> and "
3518 "newlines, nonprintable characters, and percent signs in <literal>value</"
3519 "literal>) are %-encoded. Lists are represented by multiple <literal>key::"
3520 "=value</literal> lines with the same key. The configuration section ends "
3521 "with a blank line."
3524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3525 #: apt.conf.5.xml:802
3527 "Package action lines consist of five fields in Version 2: old version, "
3528 "direction of version change (< for upgrades, > for downgrades, = for "
3529 "no change), new version, action. The version fields are \"-\" for no version "
3530 "at all (for example when installing a package for the first time; no version "
3531 "is treated as earlier than any real version, so that is an upgrade, "
3532 "indicated as <literal>- < 1.23.4</literal>). The action field is "
3533 "\"**CONFIGURE**\" if the package is being configured, \"**REMOVE**\" if it "
3534 "is being removed, or the filename of a .deb file if it is being unpacked."
3537 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3538 #: apt.conf.5.xml:812
3540 "In Version 3 after each version field follows the architecture of this "
3541 "version, which is \"-\" if there is no version, and a field showing the "
3542 "MultiArch type \"same\", foreign\", \"allowed\" or \"none\". Note that \"none"
3543 "\" is an incorrect typename which is just kept to remain compatible, it "
3544 "should be read as \"no\" and users are encouraged to support both."
3547 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3548 #: apt.conf.5.xml:818
3550 "The version of the protocol to be used for the command "
3551 "<literal><replaceable>cmd</replaceable></literal> can be chosen by setting "
3552 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::Version</"
3553 "literal> accordingly, the default being version 1. If APT isn't supporting "
3554 "the requested version it will send the information in the highest version it "
3555 "has support for instead."
3558 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3559 #: apt.conf.5.xml:825
3561 "The file descriptor to be used to send the information can be requested with "
3562 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::InfoFD</"
3563 "literal> which defaults to <literal>0</literal> for standard input and is "
3564 "available since version 0.9.11. Support for the option can be detected by "
3565 "looking for the environment variable <envar>APT_HOOK_INFO_FD</envar> which "
3566 "contains the number of the used file descriptor as a confirmation."
3569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3570 #: apt.conf.5.xml:835
3572 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking &dpkg;, the default is "
3573 "<filename>/</filename>."
3576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3577 #: apt.conf.5.xml:840
3579 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages; the "
3580 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
3583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3584 #: apt.conf.5.xml:845
3585 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
3588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3589 #: apt.conf.5.xml:846
3591 "APT can call &dpkg; in such a way as to let it make aggressive use of "
3592 "triggers over multiple calls of &dpkg;. Without further options &dpkg; will "
3593 "use triggers once each time it runs. Activating these options can therefore "
3594 "decrease the time needed to perform the install or upgrade. Note that it is "
3595 "intended to activate these options per default in the future, but as it "
3596 "drastically changes the way APT calls &dpkg; it needs a lot more testing. "
3597 "<emphasis>These options are therefore currently experimental and should not "
3598 "be used in production environments.</emphasis> It also breaks progress "
3599 "reporting such that all front-ends will currently stay around half (or more) "
3600 "of the time in the 100% state while it actually configures all packages."
3603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
3604 #: apt.conf.5.xml:861
3607 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
3608 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
3609 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
3610 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
3613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3614 #: apt.conf.5.xml:855
3616 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
3617 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
3618 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
3619 "enough to help testing them, create a new configuration file and test a "
3620 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
3621 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
3622 "reports. Asking &dpkg; for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
3623 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
3624 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3628 #: apt.conf.5.xml:868
3630 "Add the no triggers flag to all &dpkg; calls (except the ConfigurePending "
3631 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
3632 "short: &dpkg; will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it "
3633 "is explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option "
3634 "exists (undocumented) also in older APT versions with a slightly different "
3635 "meaning: Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure "
3636 "calls to &dpkg; - now APT will also add this flag to the unpack and remove "
3640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3641 #: apt.conf.5.xml:876
3643 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
3644 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". The default value is \"<literal>all</literal>"
3645 "\", which causes APT to configure all packages. The \"<literal>smart</"
3646 "literal>\" way is to configure only packages which need to be configured "
3647 "before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends), and let the rest be "
3648 "configured by &dpkg; with a call generated by the ConfigurePending option "
3649 "(see below). On the other hand, \"<literal>no</literal>\" will not configure "
3650 "anything, and totally relies on &dpkg; for configuration (which at the "
3651 "moment will fail if a Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to "
3652 "any value other than <literal>all</literal> will implicitly also activate "
3653 "the next option by default, as otherwise the system could end in an "
3654 "unconfigured and potentially unbootable state."
3657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3658 #: apt.conf.5.xml:891
3660 "If this option is set APT will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
3661 "command> to let &dpkg; handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
3662 "option is activated automatically per default if the previous option is not "
3663 "set to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating it could be useful if you "
3664 "want to run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these "
3665 "sceneries you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
3668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3669 #: apt.conf.5.xml:898
3671 "Useful for the <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
3672 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal>, and "
3673 "&dpkg; treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a "
3674 "showstopper for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will "
3675 "process all triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
3678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3679 #: apt.conf.5.xml:911
3682 "OrderList::Score {\n"
3684 "\tEssential 200;\n"
3686 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
3690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3691 #: apt.conf.5.xml:904
3693 "Essential packages (and their dependencies) should be configured immediately "
3694 "after unpacking. It is a good idea to do this quite early in the upgrade "
3695 "process as these configure calls also currently require <literal>DPkg::"
3696 "TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers (which may not "
3697 "be needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the immediate flag "
3698 "is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is rated higher). "
3699 "These option and the others in the same group can be used to change the "
3700 "scoring. The following example shows the settings with their default "
3701 "values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3705 #: apt.conf.5.xml:924
3706 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
3709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3710 #: apt.conf.5.xml:925
3712 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
3713 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by the "
3714 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See the top of this script "
3715 "for the brief documentation of these options."
3718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3719 #: apt.conf.5.xml:933
3720 msgid "Debug options"
3723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3724 #: apt.conf.5.xml:935
3726 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
3727 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
3728 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
3729 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
3730 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
3734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3735 #: apt.conf.5.xml:946
3737 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
3738 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
3742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3743 #: apt.conf.5.xml:954
3745 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
3746 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
3747 "literal>) as a non-root user."
3750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3751 #: apt.conf.5.xml:963
3753 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
3754 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
3758 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
3760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3761 #: apt.conf.5.xml:971
3763 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
3767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3768 #: apt.conf.5.xml:981
3769 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
3772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3773 #: apt.conf.5.xml:990
3775 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
3778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3779 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1001
3780 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
3783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3784 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1012
3785 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
3788 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3789 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1023
3790 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
3793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3794 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1034
3796 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
3797 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
3800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3801 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1045
3803 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
3804 "stored on CD-ROMs."
3807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3808 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1055
3809 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
3812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3813 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1065
3815 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
3816 "literal> libraries."
3819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3820 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1075
3822 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
3823 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
3827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3828 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1086
3830 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
3831 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
3834 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3835 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1098
3836 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
3839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3840 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1108
3842 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
3843 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
3846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3847 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1118
3849 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
3850 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
3853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3854 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1130
3856 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
3857 "index diffs instead of full indices."
3860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3861 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1141
3863 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
3866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3867 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1152
3869 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
3870 "the removal of unused packages."
3873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3874 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1162
3876 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
3877 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
3878 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
3879 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
3880 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
3883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3884 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1176
3886 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are marked as keep/install/"
3887 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
3888 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional "
3889 "spaces under the original entry. The format for each line is "
3890 "<literal>MarkKeep</literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or "
3891 "<literal>MarkInstall</literal> followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -"
3892 "> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is "
3893 "the current version of the package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version "
3894 "considered for installation and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, "
3895 "but not considered for installation (because of a low pin score). The later "
3896 "two can be omitted if there is none or if it is the same as the installed "
3897 "version. <literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package "
3901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3902 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1197
3904 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
3905 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
3908 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3909 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1208
3911 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
3912 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
3915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3916 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1219
3918 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
3919 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
3922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3923 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1231
3925 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
3928 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3929 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1242
3930 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
3933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3934 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1252
3936 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
3937 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
3940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3941 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1263
3943 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
3944 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
3945 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
3948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3949 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1275
3951 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
3955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3956 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1285
3958 "Display the external commands that are called by apt hooks. This includes e."
3959 "g. the config options <literal>DPkg::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal> or "
3960 "<literal>APT::Update::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal>."
3963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3964 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1309 apt_preferences.5.xml:556 sources.list.5.xml:375
3965 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:592
3970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3971 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1310
3973 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
3977 #. ? reading apt.conf
3978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3979 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1322
3981 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
3982 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
3984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3985 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:28
3987 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
3988 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
3990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3991 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:33
3994 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
3995 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
3996 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
3999 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4000 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4004 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:38
4007 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4008 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4009 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4010 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4011 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4012 "priority for installation. The APT preferences override the priorities that "
4013 "APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the user control "
4014 "over which one is selected for installation."
4016 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4017 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4018 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4019 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4020 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4021 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4022 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4023 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4024 "selecionada para instalação."
4026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4027 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:48
4030 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4031 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4032 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4033 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences do not affect the choice of "
4034 "instance, only the choice of version."
4036 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4037 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4038 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4039 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4040 "a escolha da instância."
4042 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4043 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:55
4045 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4046 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4047 "not question the preferences, so wrong settings can lead to uninstallable "
4048 "packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even more problems "
4049 "will arise if multiple distribution releases are mixed without a good "
4050 "understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a specific "
4051 "release aren't tested in (and therefore don't always work as expected in) "
4052 "older or newer releases, or together with other packages from different "
4053 "releases. You have been warned."
4056 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4057 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:66
4059 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4060 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4061 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4062 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4063 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4064 "that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the "
4065 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which "
4066 "case it will be silently ignored."
4069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4070 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:75
4072 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4073 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4076 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:90
4078 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4080 "<programlisting>\n"
4081 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4084 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:93
4086 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4088 "<programlisting>\n"
4089 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4092 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:77
4095 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4096 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4097 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4098 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4099 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4100 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4101 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4102 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4103 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4104 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4105 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4107 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4108 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4109 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4110 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4111 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4112 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4113 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4114 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4117 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
4120 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4121 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
4123 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4124 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4128 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:102
4131 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4134 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:103
4136 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4137 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4138 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4139 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4143 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:109
4145 msgid "priority 100"
4146 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4148 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4149 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:110
4151 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4152 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4153 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4154 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4158 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:117
4160 msgid "priority 500"
4161 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4164 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:118
4166 msgid "to the versions that do not belong to the target release."
4168 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4171 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4173 msgid "priority 990"
4174 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4177 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:123
4179 msgid "to the versions that belong to the target release."
4181 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4184 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
4186 "The highest of those priorities whose description matches the version is "
4187 "assigned to the version."
4190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4191 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:131
4194 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4195 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4196 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4197 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4198 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4199 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4201 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4202 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4203 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4206 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:138
4209 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4210 "determine which version of a package to install."
4212 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4213 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4215 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4216 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:141
4219 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4220 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4221 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4222 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4223 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4225 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4226 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4227 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4228 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4229 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4230 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4232 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4233 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:147
4235 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4236 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4238 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4239 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4242 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4243 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4245 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4246 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4248 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4249 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:151
4252 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4253 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4254 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4256 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4257 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4258 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4261 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:157
4264 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4265 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4266 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4267 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4268 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4270 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4271 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4272 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4273 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4274 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4278 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:164
4281 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4282 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4283 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4284 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4286 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4287 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4288 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4289 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4290 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4293 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:169
4296 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4297 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4298 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4299 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4300 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4301 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4302 "than the installed version."
4304 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4305 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4306 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4307 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4308 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4309 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4310 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4313 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:178
4315 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4316 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4319 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:180
4322 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4323 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4324 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4325 "specific form and a general form."
4327 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4328 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4329 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4330 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4333 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:186
4336 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4337 "specified packages with a specified version or version range. For example, "
4338 "the following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4339 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4340 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by "
4343 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4344 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4345 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4346 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4347 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4350 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:193
4354 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4355 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4357 "<programlisting>\n"
4359 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4360 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4363 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:199
4366 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4367 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4368 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4369 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4370 "fully qualified domain name."
4372 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4373 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4374 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4375 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4376 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4379 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:205
4382 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4383 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4384 "all package versions available from the local site."
4386 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4387 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4388 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4392 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:210
4396 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4397 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4399 "<programlisting>\n"
4401 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4402 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4405 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:215
4407 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4408 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4409 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4410 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4413 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4414 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:219
4418 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4419 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4421 "<programlisting>\n"
4423 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4424 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4426 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4427 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:223
4430 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4431 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4432 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4433 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4436 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4437 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4438 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4439 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4440 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4441 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4444 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:228
4447 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4448 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4451 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4452 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4453 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4455 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4456 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:232
4460 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4461 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4463 "<programlisting>\n"
4465 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4466 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4469 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:237
4472 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4473 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4476 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4477 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4478 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4480 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4481 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:241
4485 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4486 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4488 "<programlisting>\n"
4490 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4491 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4493 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4494 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:246
4497 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4498 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4499 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>&stable-version;</literal>\"."
4501 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4502 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4503 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4507 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:251
4511 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4512 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4514 "<programlisting>\n"
4516 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
4517 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4520 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:258
4522 "The effect of the comma operator is similar to an \"and\" in logic: All "
4523 "conditions must be satisfied for the pin to match. There is one exception: "
4524 "For any type of condition (such as two \"a\" conditions), only the last such "
4525 "condition is checked."
4528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4529 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:266
4530 msgid "Regular expressions and &glob; syntax"
4533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4534 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:268
4536 "APT also supports pinning by &glob; expressions, and regular expressions "
4537 "surrounded by slashes. For example, the following example assigns the "
4538 "priority 500 to all packages from experimental where the name starts with "
4539 "gnome (as a &glob;-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX "
4540 "extended regular expression surrounded by slashes)."
4543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4544 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:277
4547 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4548 "Pin: release a=experimental\n"
4549 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4551 "<programlisting>\n"
4553 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4554 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4557 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:283
4559 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4560 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4561 "packages from a release starting with &ubuntu-codename;."
4564 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4565 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:289
4569 "Pin: release n=&ubuntu-codename;*\n"
4570 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4572 "<programlisting>\n"
4574 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4575 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4578 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:295
4580 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4581 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4582 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4583 "the future; thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4584 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4585 "Package field is not considered a &glob; expression in itself."
4588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4589 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:311
4591 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
4592 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
4594 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4595 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:314
4598 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
4599 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
4601 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
4602 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
4603 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
4605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4606 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:319
4607 msgid "P >= 1000"
4608 msgstr "P >= 1000"
4610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4611 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
4614 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
4617 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
4618 "dowgrade do pacote"
4620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4621 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:324
4622 msgid "990 <= P < 1000"
4623 msgstr "990 <= P < 1000"
4625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4626 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:325
4629 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
4630 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
4632 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
4633 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4636 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:330
4637 msgid "500 <= P < 990"
4638 msgstr "500 <= P < 990"
4640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4641 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:331
4644 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4645 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
4647 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4648 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4651 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:336
4652 msgid "100 <= P < 500"
4653 msgstr "100 <= P < 500"
4655 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4656 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:337
4659 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4660 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
4662 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4663 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
4666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4667 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:342
4668 msgid "0 < P < 100"
4669 msgstr "0 < P < 100"
4671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4672 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
4675 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
4678 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
4679 "instalada do pacote"
4681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4682 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:347
4686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4687 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:348
4689 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
4690 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
4692 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4693 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:351
4697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4698 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:352
4699 msgid "has undefined behaviour, do not use it."
4702 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4703 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:358
4706 "The first specific-form record matching an available package version "
4707 "determines the priority of the package version. Failing that, the priority "
4708 "of the package is defined as the maximum of all priorities defined by "
4709 "generic-form records matching the version. Records defined using patterns "
4710 "in the Pin field other than \"*\" are treated like specific-form records."
4712 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
4713 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
4714 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
4715 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
4716 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
4717 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
4719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4720 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:366
4723 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
4724 "presented earlier:"
4726 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
4727 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
4729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4730 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:370
4734 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4735 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4738 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4739 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4742 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4743 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4745 "<programlisting>\n"
4747 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4748 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4751 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4752 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4755 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4756 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4758 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4759 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
4763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4764 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:385
4767 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
4768 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
4769 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> &good-perl;"
4770 "* version of <literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version "
4771 "is &bad-perl;*, then <literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
4773 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
4774 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
4775 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
4776 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
4777 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
4779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4780 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:390
4783 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
4784 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
4785 "versions belonging to the target release."
4787 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
4788 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
4789 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
4791 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4792 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:394
4795 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
4796 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
4797 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
4798 "and no version of the package is already installed."
4800 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
4801 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
4802 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
4803 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
4806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4807 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:404
4809 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
4810 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
4812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4813 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:406
4816 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
4817 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
4818 "describe the packages available at that location."
4820 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
4821 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
4822 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
4824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4825 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:410
4828 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4829 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
4830 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
4831 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
4832 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
4833 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
4834 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4836 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
4837 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
4838 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
4839 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
4840 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
4841 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
4842 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
4845 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4846 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:418
4848 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
4849 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
4851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4852 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:419
4854 msgid "gives the package name"
4855 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
4857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4858 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:422 apt_preferences.5.xml:472
4860 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
4861 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
4863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4864 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:423
4866 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
4867 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
4869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4870 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
4873 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4874 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
4875 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
4876 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
4877 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
4878 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
4879 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
4880 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4882 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
4883 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
4884 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
4885 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
4886 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
4887 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
4888 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
4889 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
4892 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4893 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
4895 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
4896 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
4898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4899 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:440
4902 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4903 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
4904 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4905 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
4906 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
4909 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4910 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4911 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4912 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4913 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4914 "requerer a linha :"
4916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4917 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:450
4919 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4921 "<programlisting>\n"
4922 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4925 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:456
4927 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
4928 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4931 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:457
4934 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4935 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
4936 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4937 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
4938 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
4939 "preferences file would require the line:"
4941 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4942 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4943 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4944 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4945 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4946 "requerer a linha :"
4948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4949 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:466
4951 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4953 "<programlisting>\n"
4954 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4957 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:473
4960 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
4961 "belong to Debian release version &stable-version;. Note that there is "
4962 "normally no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and "
4963 "<literal>unstable</literal> distributions because they have not been "
4964 "released yet. Specifying this in the APT preferences file would require one "
4965 "of the following lines."
4967 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
4968 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
4969 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
4970 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
4971 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
4974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4975 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:482
4978 "Pin: release v=&stable-version;\n"
4979 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4980 "Pin: release &stable-version;\n"
4982 "<programlisting>\n"
4983 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
4984 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
4985 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
4987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4988 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:491
4990 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
4991 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4993 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4994 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:492
4997 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
4998 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
4999 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5000 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5001 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5002 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5004 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5005 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5006 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5007 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5008 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5009 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5010 "requerer a linha :"
5012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5013 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:501
5015 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5017 "<programlisting>\n"
5018 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5021 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:507
5023 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5024 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5027 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:508
5030 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5031 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5032 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5035 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5036 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5037 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5038 "requerer a linha :"
5040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5041 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:514
5043 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5045 "<programlisting>\n"
5046 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5048 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5049 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:520
5051 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5052 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5055 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:521
5058 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5059 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5060 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5063 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5064 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5065 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5067 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5068 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:527
5070 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5072 "<programlisting>\n"
5073 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5076 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:534
5079 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5080 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5081 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5082 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5083 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5084 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5085 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5086 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5087 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5088 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5090 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5091 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5092 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5093 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5094 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5095 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5096 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5097 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5098 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5099 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5101 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5102 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
5104 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5105 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5107 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5108 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
5111 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5112 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5113 "provides a place for comments."
5115 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5116 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5117 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5120 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:558
5122 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5123 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5126 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:566
5129 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5130 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5132 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5133 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5136 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5137 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5139 "<programlisting>\n"
5140 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5141 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5143 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5144 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5147 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5148 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5151 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:560
5154 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5155 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5156 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5157 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5158 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5160 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5161 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5162 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5163 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5164 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5166 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5167 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:583 apt_preferences.5.xml:629
5168 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:687
5171 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5173 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5175 "<programlisting>\n"
5176 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5178 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5180 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5181 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
5184 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5185 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5186 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5189 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5190 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5191 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5193 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5194 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:595
5196 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5198 "<programlisting>\n"
5199 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5202 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:589
5205 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5206 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5207 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5208 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5210 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5211 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5212 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5215 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:601
5217 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5218 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5220 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5221 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:610
5225 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5226 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5229 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5230 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5233 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5234 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5236 "<programlisting>\n"
5238 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5239 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5242 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5243 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5246 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5247 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5249 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5250 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:603
5253 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5254 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5255 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5256 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5257 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5258 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5260 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5261 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5262 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5263 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5264 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5267 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
5270 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5271 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5272 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5275 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5276 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para "
5277 "a(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5279 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5280 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:644
5282 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5284 "<programlisting>\n"
5285 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5288 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:635
5291 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5292 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5293 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5294 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5295 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5296 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5297 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5299 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5300 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5301 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5302 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5303 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5304 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5305 "recente que a versão instalada."
5307 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5308 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:651
5309 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5313 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:665
5316 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5317 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5319 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5320 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5322 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5324 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5325 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5328 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5329 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5331 "<programlisting>\n"
5332 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5333 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5335 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5336 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5339 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5340 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5342 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5343 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:653
5345 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5346 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5347 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5348 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5349 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5350 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5351 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5352 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5353 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5354 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5357 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5358 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
5361 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5362 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5363 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5364 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5366 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5367 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5368 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5371 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:702
5373 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5375 "<programlisting>\n"
5376 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5379 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:693
5382 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5383 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5384 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5385 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5386 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5387 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5388 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5390 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5391 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5392 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5393 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5394 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5395 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5396 "recente que a versão instalada."
5398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5399 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:717
5401 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5402 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5405 #: sources.list.5.xml:29
5406 msgid "List of configured APT data sources"
5409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5410 #: sources.list.5.xml:34
5412 "The source list <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> and the the files "
5413 "contained in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename> are designed to "
5414 "support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The "
5415 "files list one source per line (one line style) or contain multiline stanzas "
5416 "defining one or more sources per stanza (deb822 style), with the most "
5417 "preferred source listed first (in case a single version is available from "
5418 "more than one source). The information available from the configured sources "
5419 "is acquired by <command>apt-get update</command> (or by an equivalent "
5420 "command from another APT front-end)."
5423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5424 #: sources.list.5.xml:45
5425 msgid "sources.list.d"
5428 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5429 #: sources.list.5.xml:46
5431 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5432 "add sources.list entries in separate files. Two different file formats are "
5433 "allowed as described in the next two sections. Filenames need to have "
5434 "either the extension <filename>.list</filename> or <filename>.sources</"
5435 "filename> depending on the contained format. The filenames may only contain "
5436 "letters (a-z and A-Z), digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period "
5437 "(.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a "
5438 "file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-"
5439 "Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will be silently "
5443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5444 #: sources.list.5.xml:58
5445 msgid "one line style format"
5448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5449 #: sources.list.5.xml:60
5451 "Files in this format have the extension <filename>.list</filename>. Each "
5452 "line specifying a source starts with a type (e.g. <literal>deb-src</"
5453 "literal>) followed by options and arguments for this type. Individual "
5454 "entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines are ignored, "
5455 "and a <literal>#</literal> character anywhere on a line marks the remainder "
5456 "of that line as a comment. Consequently an entry can be disabled by "
5457 "commenting out the entire line. If options should be provided they are "
5458 "separated by spaces and all of them together are enclosed by square brackets "
5459 "(<literal>[]</literal>) included in the line after the type separated from "
5460 "it with a space. If an option allows multiple values these are separated "
5461 "from each other with a comma (<literal>,</literal>). An option name is "
5462 "separated from its value(s) by a equal sign (<literal>=</literal>). "
5463 "Multivalue options have also <literal>-=</literal> and <literal>+=</literal> "
5464 "as separator which instead of replacing the default with the given value(s) "
5465 "modify the default value(s) to remove or include the given values."
5468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5469 #: sources.list.5.xml:79
5471 "This is the traditional format and supported by all apt versions. Note that "
5472 "not all options as described below are supported by all apt versions. Note "
5473 "also that some older applications parsing this format on its own might not "
5474 "expect to encounter options as they were uncommon before the introduction of "
5475 "multi-architecture support."
5478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5479 #: sources.list.5.xml:87
5480 msgid "deb822 style format"
5483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5484 #: sources.list.5.xml:89
5486 "Files in this format have the extension <filename>.sources</filename>. The "
5487 "format is similar in syntax to other files used by Debian and its "
5488 "derivatives, like the metadata itself apt will download from the configured "
5489 "sources or the <filename>debian/control</filename> file in a Debian source "
5490 "package. Individual entries are separated by an empty line, additional "
5491 "empty lines are ignored, and a <literal>#</literal> character at the start "
5492 "of the line marks the entire line as a comment. An entry can hence be "
5493 "disabled by commenting out each line belonging to the stanza, but it is "
5494 "usually easier to add the field \"Enabled: no\" to the stanza to disable the "
5495 "entry. Removing the field or setting it to yes reenables it. Options have "
5496 "the same syntax as every other field: A fieldname separated by a colon "
5497 "(<literal>:</literal>) and optionally spaces from its value(s). Note "
5498 "especially that multiple values are separated by spaces, not by commas as in "
5499 "the one line format. Multivalue fields like <literal>Architectures</literal> "
5500 "also have <literal>Architectures-Add</literal> and <literal>Architectures-"
5501 "Remove</literal> to modify the default value rather than replacing it."
5504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5505 #: sources.list.5.xml:108
5507 "This is a new format supported by apt itself since version 1.1. Previous "
5508 "versions ignore such files with a notice message as described earlier. It "
5509 "is intended to make this format gradually the default format and deprecating "
5510 "the previously described one line style format as it is easier to create, "
5511 "extend and modify by humans and machines alike especially if a lot of "
5512 "sources and/or options are involved. Developers who are working with and/or "
5513 "parsing apt sources are highly encouraged to add support for this format and "
5514 "to contact the APT team to coordinate and share this work. Users can freely "
5515 "adopt this format already, but could encounter problems with software not "
5516 "supporting the format yet."
5519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5520 #: sources.list.5.xml:123
5521 msgid "The deb and deb-src types: General Format"
5524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5525 #: sources.list.5.xml:124
5527 "The <literal>deb</literal> type references a typical two-level Debian "
5528 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. The "
5529 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally a suite name like "
5530 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5531 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5532 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal>, "
5533 "<literal>contrib</literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-"
5534 "src</literal> type references a Debian distribution's source code in the "
5535 "same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> "
5536 "line is required to fetch source indexes."
5539 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5540 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
5542 "The format for two one line style entries using the <literal>deb</literal> "
5543 "and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5547 #: sources.list.5.xml:138
5550 "deb [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]\n"
5551 "deb-src [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]"
5554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5555 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
5558 " Types: deb deb-src\n"
5561 " Components: [component1] [component2] [...]\n"
5562 " option1: value1\n"
5563 " option2: value2\n"
5567 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5568 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
5570 "Alternatively the equivalent entry in deb822 style looks like this: "
5571 "<placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
5574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5575 #: sources.list.5.xml:152
5577 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5578 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5579 "<literal>suite</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5580 "components must be omitted and <literal>suite</literal> must end with a "
5581 "slash (<literal>/</literal>). This is useful for the case when only a "
5582 "particular sub-directory of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. "
5583 "If <literal>suite</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one "
5584 "<literal>component</literal> must be present."
5587 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5588 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
5590 "<literal>suite</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)</"
5591 "literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (such as <literal>amd64</"
5592 "literal> or <literal>armel</literal>) used on the system. This permits "
5593 "architecture-independent <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. "
5594 "In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path, "
5595 "<literal>APT</literal> will automatically generate a URI with the current "
5596 "architecture otherwise."
5599 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5600 #: sources.list.5.xml:169
5602 "Especially in the one line style format since only one distribution can be "
5603 "specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for the same "
5604 "URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at that "
5605 "location is desired. APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a "
5606 "complete set internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same "
5607 "Internet host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not "
5608 "inefficiently establish a connection, close it, do something else, and then "
5609 "re-establish a connection to that same host. APT also parallelizes "
5610 "connections to different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low "
5614 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5615 #: sources.list.5.xml:181
5617 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5618 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5619 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5620 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5623 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5624 #: sources.list.5.xml:188
5626 msgid "&sourceslist-list-format;"
5629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5630 #: sources.list.5.xml:190
5632 msgid "&sourceslist-sources-format;"
5635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5636 #: sources.list.5.xml:186
5638 "As an example, the sources for your distribution could look like this in one "
5639 "line style format: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or like "
5640 "this in deb822 style format: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"1\"/>"
5643 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5644 #: sources.list.5.xml:193
5645 msgid "The deb and deb-src types: Options"
5648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5649 #: sources.list.5.xml:194
5651 "Each source entry can have options specified modifying which and how the "
5652 "source is accessed and data acquired from it. Format, syntax and names of "
5653 "the options varies between the two formats one line and deb822 style as "
5654 "described, but they have both the same options available. For simplicity we "
5655 "list the deb822 fieldname and provide the one line name in brackets. "
5656 "Remember that beside setting multivalue options explicitly, there is also "
5657 "the option to modify them based on the default, but we aren't listing those "
5658 "names explicitly here. Unsupported options are silently ignored by all APT "
5662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5663 #: sources.list.5.xml:205
5665 "<option>Architectures</option> (<option>arch</option>) is a multivalue "
5666 "option defining for which architectures information should be downloaded. If "
5667 "this option isn't set the default is all architectures as defined by the "
5668 "<option>APT::Architectures</option> config option."
5671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5672 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
5674 "<option>Languages</option> (<option>lang</option>) is a multivalue option "
5675 "defining for which languages information like translated package "
5676 "descriptions should be downloaded. If this option isn't set the default is "
5677 "all languages as defined by the <option>Acquire::Languages</option> config "
5681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5682 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
5684 "<option>Targets</option> (<option>target</option>) is a multivalue option "
5685 "defining which download targets apt will try to acquire from this source. If "
5686 "not specified, the default set is defined by the <option>Acquire::"
5687 "IndexTargets</option> configuration scope. Aditionally, specific targets "
5688 "can be enabled or disabled by using the identifier as field name instead of "
5689 "using this multivalue option."
5692 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5693 #: sources.list.5.xml:230
5695 "<option>PDiffs</option> (<option>pdiffs</option>) is a yes/no value which "
5696 "controls if APT should try to use PDiffs to update old indexes instead of "
5697 "downloading the new indexes entirely. The value of this option is ignored if "
5698 "the repository doesn't announce the availability of PDiffs. Defaults to the "
5699 "value of the option with the same name for a specific index file defined in "
5700 "the <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</option> scope, which itself default to "
5701 "the value of configuration option <option>Acquire::PDiffs</option> which "
5702 "defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5706 #: sources.list.5.xml:245
5708 "Further more, there are options which if set effect <emphasis>all</emphasis> "
5709 "sources with the same URI and Suite, so they have to be set on all such "
5710 "entries and can not be varied between different components. APT will try to "
5711 "detect and error out on such anomalies."
5714 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5715 #: sources.list.5.xml:252
5717 "<option>Signed-By</option> (<option>signed-by</option>) is either an "
5718 "absolute path to a keyring file (has to be accessible and readable for the "
5719 "<literal>_apt</literal> user, so ensure everyone has read-permissions on the "
5720 "file) or a fingerprint of a key in either the <filename>trusted.gpg</"
5721 "filename> keyring or in one of the keyrings in the <filename>trusted.gpg.d/</"
5722 "filename> directory (see <command>apt-key fingerprint</command>). If the "
5723 "option is set only the key(s) in this keyring or only the key with this "
5724 "fingerprint is used for the &apt-secure; verification of this repository. "
5725 "Otherwise all keys in the trusted keyrings are considered valid signers for "
5729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5730 #: sources.list.5.xml:266
5732 "<option>Check-Valid-Until</option> (<option>check-valid-until</option>) is "
5733 "a yes/no value which controls if APT should try to detect replay attacks. A "
5734 "repository creator can declare until then the data provided in the "
5735 "repository should be considered valid and if this time is reached, but no "
5736 "new data is provided the data is considered expired and an error is raised. "
5737 "Beside increasing security as a malicious attacker can't sent old data "
5738 "forever denying a user to be able to upgrade to a new version, this also "
5739 "helps users identify mirrors which are no longer updated. Some repositories "
5740 "like historic archives aren't updated anymore by design through, so this "
5741 "check can be disabled by setting this option to <literal>no</literal>. "
5742 "Defaults to the value of configuration option <option>Acquire::Check-Valid-"
5743 "Until</option> which itself defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5746 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5747 #: sources.list.5.xml:283
5749 "<option>Valid-Until-Min</option> (<option>valid-until-min</option>) and "
5750 "<option>Valid-Until-Max</option> (<option>valid-until-max</option>) can be "
5751 "used to raise or lower the time period in seconds in which the data from "
5752 "this repository is considered valid. -Max can be especially useful if the "
5753 "repository provides no Valid-Until field on its Release file to set your own "
5754 "value, while -Min can be used to increase the valid time on seldom updated "
5755 "(local) mirrors of a more frequently updated but less accessible archive "
5756 "(which is in the sources.list as well) instead of disabling the check "
5757 "entirely. Default to the value of the configuration options "
5758 "<option>Acquire::Min-ValidTime</option> and <option>Acquire::Max-ValidTime</"
5759 "option> which are both unset by default."
5762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5763 #: sources.list.5.xml:305
5764 msgid "URI specification"
5767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5768 #: sources.list.5.xml:307
5769 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
5772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5773 #: sources.list.5.xml:311
5775 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5776 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
5780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5781 #: sources.list.5.xml:318
5783 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
5784 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
5787 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5788 #: sources.list.5.xml:325
5790 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
5791 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
5792 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
5793 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
5794 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
5798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5799 #: sources.list.5.xml:336
5801 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
5802 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
5803 "Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified by using the "
5804 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify an "
5805 "HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using this "
5806 "environment variable and <emphasis>only</emphasis> this environment "
5807 "variable. Proxies using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be "
5811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5812 #: sources.list.5.xml:348
5814 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
5815 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
5816 "This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with "
5820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5821 #: sources.list.5.xml:355
5823 "The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and access "
5824 "the files as a given user. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys is "
5825 "recommended. The standard <command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> "
5826 "commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host."
5829 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5830 #: sources.list.5.xml:362
5831 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
5834 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5835 #: sources.list.5.xml:364
5837 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, "
5838 "which should follow the naming scheme <package>apt-transport-"
5839 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. For instance, the APT team "
5840 "also maintains the package <package>apt-transport-https</package>, which "
5841 "provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http "
5842 "method. Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available - see &apt-"
5843 "transport-debtorrent;."
5846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5847 #: sources.list.5.xml:376
5849 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/apt/debian for "
5850 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
5853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5854 #: sources.list.5.xml:378
5856 msgid "deb file:/home/apt/debian stable main contrib non-free"
5859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5860 #: sources.list.5.xml:379
5864 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
5866 "Components: main contrib non-free"
5869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5870 #: sources.list.5.xml:384
5871 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
5874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5875 #: sources.list.5.xml:385
5877 msgid "deb file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5881 #: sources.list.5.xml:386
5885 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
5886 "Suites: unstable\n"
5887 "Components: main contrib non-free"
5890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5891 #: sources.list.5.xml:391
5892 msgid "Source line for the above"
5895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5896 #: sources.list.5.xml:392
5898 msgid "deb-src file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5902 #: sources.list.5.xml:393
5906 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
5907 "Suites: unstable\n"
5908 "Components: main contrib non-free"
5911 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5912 #: sources.list.5.xml:399
5914 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
5915 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
5916 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
5919 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5920 #: sources.list.5.xml:401
5923 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
5924 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
5927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5928 #: sources.list.5.xml:403
5932 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
5933 "Suites: &stable-codename;\n"
5934 "Components: main\n"
5937 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
5938 "Suites: &stable-codename;\n"
5939 "Components: main\n"
5940 "Architectures: amd64 armel\n"
5943 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5944 #: sources.list.5.xml:415
5946 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
5950 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5951 #: sources.list.5.xml:417
5953 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
5956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5957 #: sources.list.5.xml:418
5961 "URIs: http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive\n"
5966 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5967 #: sources.list.5.xml:423
5969 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5970 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
5973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5974 #: sources.list.5.xml:425
5976 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
5979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5980 #: sources.list.5.xml:426
5984 "URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian\n"
5985 "Suites: &stable-codename;\n"
5986 "Components: contrib"
5989 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5990 #: sources.list.5.xml:431
5992 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5993 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
5994 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
5995 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
5998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5999 #: sources.list.5.xml:435
6001 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6004 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6005 #: sources.list.5.xml:436
6009 "URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian\n"
6010 "Suites: unstable\n"
6011 "Components: contrib"
6014 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6015 #: sources.list.5.xml:448
6017 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6021 #: sources.list.5.xml:449
6025 "URIs: http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe\n"
6026 "Suites: unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6029 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6030 #: sources.list.5.xml:441
6032 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6033 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6034 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6035 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6036 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6037 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6038 "id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"1\"/>"
6041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6042 #: sources.list.5.xml:454
6044 "Uses HTTP to get binary packages as well as sources from the stable, testing "
6045 "and unstable suites and the components main and contrib."
6048 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6049 #: sources.list.5.xml:456
6052 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib\n"
6053 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib\n"
6054 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib\n"
6055 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib\n"
6056 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib\n"
6057 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib"
6060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6061 #: sources.list.5.xml:462
6064 "Types: deb deb-src\n"
6065 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
6066 "Suites: stable testing unstable\n"
6067 "Components: main contrib\n"
6070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6071 #: sources.list.5.xml:471
6073 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-conf;"
6074 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
6077 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:22 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:22 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:22
6081 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6082 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:29
6084 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
6088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6089 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:35
6091 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
6092 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
6093 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
6094 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
6098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6099 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:40
6100 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
6103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6104 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:41
6106 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
6107 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
6108 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
6109 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXXXX</filename> and "
6110 "<filename>package.config.XXXXXX</filename>"
6113 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6114 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:54
6116 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
6117 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6118 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
6121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6122 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71
6124 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
6125 "decimal 100 on error."
6128 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6129 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:29
6130 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
6133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6134 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:35
6136 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (source index or "
6137 "package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
6138 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
6139 "internal sorting rules."
6142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6143 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:41
6145 "All output is sent to standard output; the input must be a seekable file."
6148 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6149 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:50
6151 "Use source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6152 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
6155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6156 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
6158 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6162 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6163 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:29
6164 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
6167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6168 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:35
6170 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
6171 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
6172 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
6176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6177 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
6179 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
6180 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
6181 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
6182 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
6183 "generation process for a complete archive."
6186 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6187 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:45
6189 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
6190 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
6191 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
6192 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
6196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6197 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:56
6199 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
6200 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
6201 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
6202 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
6205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6206 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:61 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:85
6208 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
6211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6212 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:66
6214 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
6215 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
6216 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
6217 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
6220 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6221 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:71
6223 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
6224 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
6225 "change the source override file that will be used."
6228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6229 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:78
6231 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
6232 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
6233 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
6234 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
6235 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
6236 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
6239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6240 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:90
6242 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
6243 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
6244 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
6245 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
6246 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
6247 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
6248 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
6249 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
6250 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
6251 "containing an MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 digest for each file."
6254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6255 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:100
6257 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
6258 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
6259 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
6260 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
6261 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
6262 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
6263 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
6264 "<literal>Description</literal>."
6267 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6268 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:113
6270 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
6271 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
6272 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
6273 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
6274 "maintaining the required settings."
6277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6278 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:122
6280 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
6281 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
6284 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6285 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:128
6286 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
6289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6290 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:130
6292 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
6293 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
6294 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
6295 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
6296 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
6297 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
6300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6301 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:138
6303 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
6306 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6307 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:140
6309 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
6310 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
6312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6313 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
6315 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
6316 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
6317 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
6318 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
6321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6322 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:149
6324 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
6325 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
6329 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6330 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:156
6331 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
6334 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6335 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:161
6336 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
6339 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6340 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:166
6342 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
6343 "literal> setting is used below."
6346 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6347 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:172
6349 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
6350 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6353 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:174
6355 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
6356 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
6357 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
6360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6361 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:180
6363 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the package index files. It "
6364 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
6365 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
6369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6370 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:188
6372 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
6373 "defaults to '.deb'."
6376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6377 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:194
6379 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6380 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
6383 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6384 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:200
6386 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
6387 "defaults to '.dsc'."
6390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6391 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:206
6393 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6394 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
6397 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6398 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:212
6400 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6401 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
6404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6405 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:218
6407 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
6408 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
6409 "Links</literal> setting."
6412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6413 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:225
6415 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
6416 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
6419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6420 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:232 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:378
6422 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
6423 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
6424 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
6427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6428 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:238
6430 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
6431 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6434 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:240
6436 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
6437 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
6438 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
6441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6442 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:247
6444 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
6445 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
6449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6450 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:254
6452 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
6453 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
6454 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
6455 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
6456 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
6457 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
6460 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6461 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:265
6463 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
6464 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
6467 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6468 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:271
6470 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
6471 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
6474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6475 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:277
6477 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6478 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
6481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6482 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:283
6484 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6485 "source/Sources</filename>"
6488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6489 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:289
6491 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
6492 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
6493 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
6496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6497 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:296
6499 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
6500 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
6504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6505 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:303
6507 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6508 "Contents-$(ARCH)</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files "
6509 "to map onto a single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-"
6510 "ftparchive</command> will integrate those package files together "
6514 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6515 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:312
6516 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
6519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6520 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:317
6522 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
6523 "can share the same database."
6526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6527 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:323
6529 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6530 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6531 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
6534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6535 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:330
6537 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6538 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6539 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
6540 "when processing source indexes."
6543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6544 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:338
6546 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
6547 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6550 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:340
6552 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
6553 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
6554 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
6555 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
6559 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6560 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:345
6562 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
6563 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
6564 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
6565 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
6568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6569 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:350
6571 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
6572 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
6576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
6577 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:356
6580 "for i in Sections do \n"
6581 " for j in Architectures do\n"
6582 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
6586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6587 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:353
6589 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
6590 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
6594 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6595 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:364
6597 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
6598 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
6602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6603 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:371
6605 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
6606 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
6607 "this tree has a source archive."
6610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6611 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:384
6613 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
6614 "and maintainer address information."
6617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6618 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:390
6620 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
6624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6625 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:396 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:442
6626 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
6629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6630 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:401 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:447
6631 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
6634 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6635 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:406
6637 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
6638 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
6640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6641 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:408
6643 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
6644 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
6645 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
6646 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
6647 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
6650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6651 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:416
6652 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
6655 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6656 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:421
6658 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
6659 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
6662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6663 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:427
6664 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
6667 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6668 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:432
6669 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
6672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6673 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:437
6674 msgid "Sets the source override file."
6677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6678 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:452
6679 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
6682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6683 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:457
6684 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
6687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6688 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:462
6689 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
6692 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6693 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:469
6694 msgid "The Binary Override File"
6697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6698 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:470
6700 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
6701 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
6702 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
6703 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
6704 "permutation field."
6707 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6708 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:476
6710 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
6713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6714 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:478
6719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6720 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:475
6722 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
6723 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6724 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
6725 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
6726 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
6730 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6731 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:486
6732 msgid "The Source Override File"
6735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6736 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:488
6738 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
6739 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
6740 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
6743 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6744 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:493
6745 msgid "The Extra Override File"
6748 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6749 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:495
6751 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
6752 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
6753 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
6756 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6757 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:506
6759 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
6760 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
6761 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
6762 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
6763 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
6764 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
6765 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
6766 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
6767 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
6770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6771 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:517
6773 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
6774 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
6777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6778 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:523
6780 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
6781 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
6782 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
6783 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
6786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6787 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:531
6789 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
6790 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
6791 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
6792 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
6795 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6796 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:539
6798 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
6799 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
6800 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
6801 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
6802 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
6805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6806 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:549
6808 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
6809 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
6813 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6814 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:555
6816 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6817 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
6820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6821 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:560
6823 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
6824 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
6825 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
6826 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
6829 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6830 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:568
6832 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
6833 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
6834 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
6835 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
6836 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
6837 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
6838 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
6839 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
6843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6844 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:580
6846 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
6847 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
6848 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
6849 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
6850 "in the generate command."
6853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
6854 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
6856 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
6859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6860 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:594
6862 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
6863 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
6866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6867 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
6869 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6873 #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
6874 #: guide.dbk:9 offline.dbk:9
6878 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
6880 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6883 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><personname>
6884 #: guide.dbk:17 offline.dbk:17
6885 msgid "Jason Gunthorpe"
6888 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><email>
6889 #: guide.dbk:17 offline.dbk:17
6890 msgid "jgg@debian.org"
6893 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
6894 #: guide.dbk:21 offline.dbk:21
6895 msgid "Version &apt-product-version;"
6898 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
6901 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6904 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
6907 "<copyright><year>1998</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
6910 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><title>
6911 #: guide.dbk:32 offline.dbk:33
6912 msgid "License Notice"
6915 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
6916 #: guide.dbk:34 offline.dbk:35
6918 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6919 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6920 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6921 "or (at your option) any later version."
6924 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
6925 #: guide.dbk:43 offline.dbk:41
6927 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6928 "GPL for the full license."
6931 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
6936 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6939 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <command>dselect</"
6940 "command> method and the <command>apt-get</command> command line user "
6941 "interface. Both provide a way to install and remove packages as well as "
6942 "download new packages from the Internet."
6945 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
6947 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6950 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6953 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6954 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6955 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6958 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6961 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6962 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6963 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6964 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6965 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6968 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6971 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6972 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6973 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6977 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6980 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6981 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6982 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6983 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6986 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6989 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6990 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6991 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6992 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6993 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6994 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6995 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6996 "other mail transport agents."
6999 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7002 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
7003 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
7004 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
7005 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
7006 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
7007 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
7008 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
7009 "trying to manually fix packages."
7012 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7015 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
7016 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
7017 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
7018 "packages for installation."
7021 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7026 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7029 "<command>apt-get</command> provides a simple way to install packages from "
7030 "the command line. Unlike <command>dpkg</command>, <command>apt-get</command> "
7031 "does not understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and "
7032 "can only install .deb archives from a <emphasis>Source</emphasis>."
7035 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
7038 "If you are using an http proxy server you must set the http_proxy "
7039 "environment variable first, see sources.list(5)"
7042 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7045 "The first <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> thing that should be "
7046 "done before using <command>apt-get</command> is to fetch the package lists "
7047 "from the <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> so that it knows what packages are "
7048 "available. This is done with <literal>apt-get update</literal>. For instance,"
7051 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7055 "# apt-get update\n"
7056 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7057 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7058 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7059 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7062 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7064 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
7067 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7072 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7075 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
7076 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
7077 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
7078 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
7079 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
7080 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <command>dselect</"
7081 "command> or <literal>apt-get install</literal> can be used to force these "
7082 "packages to install."
7085 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7090 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7093 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
7094 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
7095 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
7096 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
7097 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
7098 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
7099 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
7102 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7104 msgid "dist-upgrade"
7107 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7110 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
7111 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
7112 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
7113 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
7114 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
7115 "<command>dselect</command>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then "
7116 "<command>dselect</command> can be used to install any packages that may have "
7120 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7123 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
7124 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
7127 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7130 "<command>apt-get</command> has several command line options that are "
7131 "detailed in its man page, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
7132 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The most useful "
7133 "option is <literal>-d</literal> which does not install the fetched files. If "
7134 "the system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired "
7135 "to start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <literal>-d</"
7136 "literal> is used the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running "
7137 "the command that caused them to be downloaded again without <literal>-d</"
7141 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7146 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7149 "The APT <command>dselect</command> method provides the complete APT system "
7150 "with the <command>dselect</command> package selection GUI. <command>dselect</"
7151 "command> is used to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT "
7152 "actually installs them."
7155 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7158 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <command>dselect</"
7159 "command> and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
7160 "<emphasis>Sources</emphasis> which are places to fetch archives from. These "
7161 "can be remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source "
7162 "can provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
7163 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
7164 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
7165 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
7166 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
7169 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7173 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
7175 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
7176 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
7179 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
7180 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
7181 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
7184 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:\n"
7187 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7190 "The <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> setup starts by asking for the base of the "
7191 "Debian archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the "
7192 "distribution to get."
7195 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7199 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
7200 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
7201 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
7203 " Distribution [stable]:\n"
7206 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7209 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, "
7210 "<emphasis>stable</emphasis> refers to the latest released version and "
7211 "<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> refers to the developmental version. "
7212 "<emphasis>non-US</emphasis> is only available on some mirrors and refers to "
7213 "packages that contain encryption technology or other things that cannot be "
7214 "exported from the United States. Importing these packages into the US is "
7218 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7222 " Please give the components to get\n"
7223 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
7225 " Components [main contrib non-free]:\n"
7228 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7231 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
7232 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
7233 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
7234 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
7237 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7240 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
7241 "until you have specified all that you want."
7244 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7247 "Before starting to use <command>dselect</command> it is necessary to update "
7248 "the available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset "
7249 "of <literal>apt-get update</literal> that makes the fetched information "
7250 "available to <command>dselect</command>. [U]pdate must be performed even if "
7251 "<literal>apt-get update</literal> has been run before."
7254 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7257 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
7258 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
7259 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
7263 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7266 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
7267 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place "
7268 "<literal>Dselect::clean \"prompt\";</literal> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
7271 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7273 msgid "The Interface"
7276 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
7279 "The <command>dselect</command> method actually is a set of wrapper scripts "
7280 "to <command>apt-get</command>. The method actually provides more "
7281 "functionality than is present in <command>apt-get</command> alone."
7284 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7287 "Both that APT <command>dselect</command> method and <command>apt-get</"
7288 "command> share the same interface. It is a simple system that generally "
7289 "tells you what it will do and then goes and does it. <placeholder type="
7290 "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
7291 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
7292 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
7295 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7300 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7303 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
7304 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
7305 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <literal>apt-get "
7309 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7314 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7315 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7318 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7321 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
7322 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
7323 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
7324 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
7327 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7330 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
7331 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
7332 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
7333 "will be printed out and <command>apt-get</command> will refuse to run."
7336 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7341 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7342 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7343 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
7344 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
7345 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
7346 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
7347 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
7348 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
7349 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
7350 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
7351 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
7352 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
7353 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
7354 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)\n"
7357 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7360 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
7361 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
7362 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
7363 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
7364 "problem is also included."
7367 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
7370 "APT however considers all known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken "
7374 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7377 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
7378 "is caused by <command>dpkg</command> missing some subtle relationships "
7379 "between packages when performing upgrades. <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
7380 "\"0\"/>. The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. "
7381 "In this situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents "
7385 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7388 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
7389 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
7390 "supplying the <literal>-f</literal> option to <command>apt-get</command> "
7391 "will cause APT to deduce a possible solution to the problem and then "
7392 "continue on. The APT <command>dselect</command> method always supplies the "
7393 "<literal>-f</literal> option to allow for easy continuation of failed "
7394 "maintainer scripts."
7397 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7400 "However, if the <literal>-f</literal> option is used to correct a seriously "
7401 "broken system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will "
7402 "either fail immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either "
7403 "case it is necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to "
7404 "correct the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
7407 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7409 msgid "The Status Report"
7412 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7415 "Before proceeding <command>apt-get</command> will present a report on what "
7416 "will happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being "
7417 "performed but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists "
7418 "reflect the final state of things, taking into account the <literal>-f</"
7419 "literal> option and any other relevant activities to the command being "
7423 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7425 msgid "The Extra Package list"
7428 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7432 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
7433 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
7434 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
7435 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
7436 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
7440 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7443 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
7444 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
7445 "generated for an <literal>install</literal> command. The listed packages are "
7446 "often the result of an Auto Install."
7449 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7451 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
7454 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7458 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
7459 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
7460 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
7461 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
7462 " nas xpilot xfig\n"
7465 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7468 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
7469 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
7470 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
7471 "The <literal>-f</literal> option is especially good at generating packages "
7472 "to remove so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain "
7473 "packages that are going to be removed because they are only partially "
7474 "installed, possibly due to an aborted installation."
7477 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7479 msgid "The New Packages list"
7482 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7486 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
7487 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base\n"
7490 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7493 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
7494 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
7498 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7500 msgid "The Kept Back list"
7503 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7507 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
7508 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
7509 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver\n"
7512 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7515 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
7516 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
7517 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
7518 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
7519 "to install is with <literal>apt-get install</literal> or by using "
7520 "<command>dselect</command> to resolve their problems."
7523 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7525 msgid "Held Packages warning"
7528 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7532 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
7536 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7539 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
7540 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
7541 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
7544 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7546 msgid "Final summary"
7549 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7552 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
7555 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7559 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
7560 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
7561 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used.\n"
7564 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7567 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
7568 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
7569 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
7570 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
7571 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
7572 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
7573 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
7574 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
7575 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
7576 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
7577 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
7578 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
7579 "the amount of space that will be freed."
7582 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7585 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
7586 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
7589 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7591 msgid "The Status Display"
7594 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7597 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
7601 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7605 "# apt-get update\n"
7606 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7607 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7608 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7609 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7610 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7611 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s\n"
7614 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7617 "The lines starting with <emphasis>Get</emphasis> are printed out when APT "
7618 "begins to fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the "
7619 "download. The first percent value on the progress line indicates the total "
7620 "percent done of all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files "
7621 "is unknown <literal>apt-get update</literal> estimates the percent done "
7622 "which causes some inaccuracies."
7625 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7628 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
7629 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
7630 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
7631 "<emphasis>Forking</emphasis> which means the OS is loading the download "
7632 "module. The first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the "
7633 "history lines. The next word is the short form name of the object being "
7634 "downloaded. For archives it will contain the name of the package that is "
7638 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7641 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
7642 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
7643 "<emphasis>Connecting</emphasis> to <emphasis>Waiting for file</emphasis> to "
7644 "<emphasis>Downloading</emphasis> or <emphasis>Resuming</emphasis>. The final "
7645 "value is the number of bytes downloaded from the remote site. Once the "
7646 "download begins this is represented as <literal>102/10.2k</literal> "
7647 "indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 kilobytes is expected. "
7648 "The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation to preserve space. After "
7649 "the size display is a percent meter for the file itself. The second last "
7650 "element is the instantaneous average speed. This values is updated every 5 "
7651 "seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for that period. Finally is "
7652 "shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated regularly and reflects "
7653 "the time to complete everything at the shown transfer rate."
7656 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7659 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7660 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7661 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7662 "for logging to a file, use the <literal>-q</literal> option to remove the "
7666 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7671 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7674 "APT uses <command>dpkg</command> for installing the archives and will switch "
7675 "over to the <command>dpkg</command> interface once downloading is completed. "
7676 "<command>dpkg</command> will also ask a number of questions as it processes "
7677 "the packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. "
7678 "Before each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and "
7679 "the questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7682 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
7684 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7687 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
7690 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7691 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7694 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
7697 "<copyright><year>1999</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
7700 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7702 msgid "Introduction"
7705 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7706 #: offline.dbk:50 offline.dbk:80 offline.dbk:192
7710 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7713 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7714 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7715 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7716 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7719 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7722 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7723 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7724 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7725 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7726 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7727 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7728 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <emphasis>remote host</"
7729 "emphasis> mean the machine downloading the packages, and <emphasis>target "
7730 "host</emphasis> the one with bad or no connection."
7733 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7736 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7737 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7738 "that the disc should be formatted with a filesystem that can handle long "
7739 "file names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7742 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7744 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7747 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7750 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7751 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7752 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7753 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7756 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7770 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7772 msgid "The configuration file"
7775 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7778 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7779 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7780 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7781 "the status file should be a copy of <emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
7782 "emphasis> from the <emphasis>target host</emphasis>. Please note, if you are "
7783 "using a local archive you must use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to "
7787 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7790 "<emphasis>apt.conf</emphasis> must contain the necessary information to make "
7794 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7800 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7801 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7802 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7804 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7809 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7810 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7811 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7812 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7814 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7815 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7816 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7818 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7819 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7823 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7826 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7827 "configuration file in <emphasis>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</"
7831 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7834 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy "
7835 "<emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</emphasis> to it. You will also need to "
7836 "create the directories outlined in the Overview, <emphasis>archives/partial/"
7837 "</emphasis> and <emphasis>lists/partial/</emphasis>. Then take the disc to "
7838 "the remote machine and configure the sources.list. On the remote machine "
7839 "execute the following:"
7842 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7846 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7847 " # apt-get update\n"
7848 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7849 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7850 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]\n"
7853 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7856 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7857 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7858 "such as <emphasis>dselect</emphasis>. However this presents a problem in "
7859 "communicating your selections back to the local computer."
7862 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7865 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7866 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7869 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7873 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7874 " # apt-get check\n"
7875 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7876 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7877 " [ Or any other APT command ]\n"
7880 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7883 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7884 "local one. This is very important!"
7887 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7890 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7891 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7892 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7893 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7894 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7897 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7899 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7902 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7905 "<emphasis>wget</emphasis> is a popular and portable download tool that can "
7906 "run on nearly any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the "
7907 "Debian machine already has a list of available packages."
7910 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7913 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7914 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7915 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7919 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7925 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7928 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7929 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7932 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7936 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7937 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7938 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7939 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script\n"
7942 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7945 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7949 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7952 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7953 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7954 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7955 "output on the disc."
7958 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7960 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7963 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7968 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7972 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7975 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7976 "installation can proceed using,"
7979 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7982 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade\n"
7985 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7987 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7992 #~ "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
7995 #~ "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão "
7999 #~ msgid "Some examples:"
8000 #~ msgstr "Exemplos"
8004 #~ "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
8005 #~ "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
8006 #~ "B<reportbug>(1) command."
8009 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
8011 #~ " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do "
8013 #~ " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
8014 #~ " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
8019 #~ msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
8022 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
8024 #~ " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
8030 #~ "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
8031 #~ "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
8033 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
8035 #~ "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
8036 #~ "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
8039 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
8040 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
8043 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
8045 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
8046 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
8049 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
8050 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
8053 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
8054 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
8057 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
8058 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
8062 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
8063 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
8064 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
8065 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
8067 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
8068 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
8070 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
8072 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
8073 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
8074 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
8079 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
8080 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
8081 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
8082 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
8086 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
8087 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
8091 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
8092 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
8093 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
8094 #~ "release ...</literal>."
8096 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
8097 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
8098 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
8099 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
8104 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
8105 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8106 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
8107 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8109 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
8110 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8111 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
8112 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8114 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
8115 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8116 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
8117 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
8118 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
8119 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8121 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
8122 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8123 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
8124 #~ "configuration \n"
8125 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
8126 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8129 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
8130 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8131 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
8132 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8134 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
8135 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8136 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
8137 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8139 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
8140 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8141 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
8142 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
8143 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
8144 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
8145 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8147 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
8148 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8149 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
8150 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
8151 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8154 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
8155 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"