1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-21 07:56+0300\n"
13 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
14 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
15 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
18 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
19 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
36 msgid "Debian GNU/Linux"
47 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
70 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
71 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
72 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
73 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
85 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
86 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
97 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
108 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
115 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
116 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
117 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
120 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
122 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
124 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
125 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
138 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
141 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
143 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
150 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
152 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
153 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
162 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
164 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
173 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
174 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
175 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
176 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
177 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
178 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
179 " &reportbug; command.\n"
185 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
187 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
188 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
189 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
196 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
197 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
198 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
199 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
205 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
207 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
214 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
215 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
216 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
217 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
218 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
219 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
230 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
231 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
232 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
243 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
244 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
245 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
246 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
247 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
248 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
249 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
260 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
261 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
262 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
263 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
264 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
265 " times to set different options.\n"
276 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
277 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
278 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
279 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
280 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
281 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
282 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
283 " or several other variations.\n"
289 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
290 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
291 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
292 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
293 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
300 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
301 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
302 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
303 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
311 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
312 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
313 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
322 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
323 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
324 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
325 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
333 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
334 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
335 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended). </para></listitem>\n"
344 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
345 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
346 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
347 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
348 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
349 " from a separate source\n"
350 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
351 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
359 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
360 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
361 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
370 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
371 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
372 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
373 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
381 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
382 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
383 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
392 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
393 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
394 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
396 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
404 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
405 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
406 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended).</para></listitem>\n"
415 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
416 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
417 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
418 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
426 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
427 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
428 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
429 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
438 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
439 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
440 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
441 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
442 " </para></listitem>\n"
451 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
452 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
453 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
454 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
460 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
461 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
462 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
463 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
464 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
465 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
466 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
469 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
470 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
471 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
478 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
479 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
480 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
481 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
482 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
483 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
484 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
485 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
486 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
493 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
494 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
500 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
501 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
507 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
508 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
509 "\"target_release\">"
515 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
516 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
522 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
523 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
529 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
530 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
536 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
537 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
543 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
544 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
550 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
551 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
557 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
558 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
559 "\"temporary_directory\">"
565 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
566 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
572 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
573 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
579 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
580 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
587 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
588 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
595 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
596 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
602 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
603 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
607 #: apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26 apt-get.8.xml:26
608 #: apt-key.8.xml:25 apt-mark.8.xml:26 apt-secure.8.xml:25
612 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
613 #: apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
614 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27 apt-get.8.xml:27
615 #: apt-key.8.xml:26 apt-mark.8.xml:27 apt-secure.8.xml:26
616 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt.conf.5.xml:31 apt_preferences.5.xml:26
617 #: sources.list.5.xml:27
621 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
622 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
623 msgid "query the APT cache"
626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
627 #: apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
628 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38 apt-get.8.xml:38
629 #: apt-key.8.xml:37 apt-mark.8.xml:38 apt-secure.8.xml:50
630 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt.conf.5.xml:40 apt_preferences.5.xml:36
631 #: sources.list.5.xml:36
636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
637 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
639 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
640 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
641 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
642 "output from the package metadata."
645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
646 #: apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-get.8.xml:44
648 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
649 "one of the commands below must be present."
652 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
653 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
655 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
656 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
660 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
661 #: apt-cache.8.xml:187 apt-cache.8.xml:192 apt-cache.8.xml:208
662 #: apt-cache.8.xml:226 apt-cache.8.xml:238
663 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
667 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
669 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
670 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
671 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
672 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
673 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
674 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
675 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
676 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
677 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
681 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
684 "Package: libreadline2\n"
685 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
686 "Reverse Depends: \n"
687 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
688 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
690 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
693 "Reverse Provides: \n"
696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
697 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
699 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
700 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
701 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
702 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
703 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
704 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
705 "best to consult the apt source code."
708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
709 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
711 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
712 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
715 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
716 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
718 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
722 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
723 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
725 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
726 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
727 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
728 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
732 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
734 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
735 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
736 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
737 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian GNU/Linux system is a pure virtual "
738 "package; several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no "
739 "package named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
743 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
745 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
746 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
747 "Debian GNU/Linux system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only "
748 "one package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
752 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
754 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
755 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
756 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian GNU/Linux system, \"debconf"
757 "\" is both an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
761 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
763 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
764 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
765 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
766 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
767 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
771 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
773 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
774 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
775 "total package names. If more than one distribution (both \"stable\" and "
776 "\"unstable\", for instance), is being accessed, this value can be "
777 "considerably larger than the number of total package names."
780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
781 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
783 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
784 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
787 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
788 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
790 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
791 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
792 "records that declare the name to be a Binary."
795 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
796 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
798 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
799 "It is primarily for debugging."
802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
803 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
805 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
806 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
810 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
812 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
817 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
819 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
820 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
824 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
825 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
829 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
831 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
832 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see "
833 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle><command>regex</command></refentrytitle> "
834 "<manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It searches the package names and "
835 "the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular expression and prints out "
836 "the package name and the short description, including virtual package "
837 "names. If <option>--full</option> is given then output identical to "
838 "<literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched package, and if "
839 "<option>--names-only</option> is given then the long description is not "
840 "searched, only the package name is."
843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
844 #: apt-cache.8.xml:183
846 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
851 #: apt-cache.8.xml:188
853 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
854 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
858 #: apt-cache.8.xml:193
860 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
865 #: apt-cache.8.xml:197
867 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
870 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
873 #: apt-cache.8.xml:198
875 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
876 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
877 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
878 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
883 #: apt-cache.8.xml:203
885 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
886 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
887 "the generated list."
890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
891 #: apt-cache.8.xml:209
893 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
894 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
895 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
896 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
897 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
898 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
899 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
900 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
904 #: apt-cache.8.xml:218
906 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
907 "pure provides are triangles, mixed provides are diamonds, missing packages "
908 "are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped [leaf packages], blue "
909 "lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
913 #: apt-cache.8.xml:223
914 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
918 #: apt-cache.8.xml:227
920 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
921 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
925 #: apt-cache.8.xml:231
927 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
930 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
933 #: apt-cache.8.xml:232
935 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
936 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
937 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
938 "selection of the named package."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
942 #: apt-cache.8.xml:239
944 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
945 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
946 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
947 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
948 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
949 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
950 "Architecture</literal>)."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
954 #: apt-cache.8.xml:250 apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52
955 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504 apt-get.8.xml:259 apt-mark.8.xml:108
956 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
961 #: apt-cache.8.xml:255
963 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
964 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
965 "pkgcache</literal>."
968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
969 #: apt-cache.8.xml:261
971 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
972 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
973 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
974 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
975 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
979 #: apt-cache.8.xml:269
981 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
982 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
983 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
984 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
988 #: apt-cache.8.xml:276
990 "Print only important dependencies; for use with unmet and depends. Causes "
991 "only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to be printed. Configuration Item: "
992 "<literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
996 #: apt-cache.8.xml:289
998 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
999 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1000 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1001 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1002 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1006 #: apt-cache.8.xml:296
1008 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1009 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1013 #: apt-cache.8.xml:301
1015 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1016 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1017 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will displayed "
1018 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1019 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1020 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1024 #: apt-cache.8.xml:310
1026 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1027 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1028 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1032 #: apt-cache.8.xml:316
1034 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1035 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1039 #: apt-cache.8.xml:321
1041 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1042 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1043 "AllNames</literal>."
1046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1047 #: apt-cache.8.xml:327
1049 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1050 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1051 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1055 #: apt-cache.8.xml:334
1057 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1058 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1059 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
1063 #: apt-cache.8.xml:339 apt-cdrom.8.xml:140 apt-config.8.xml:104
1064 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:63 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:591 apt-get.8.xml:514
1065 #: apt-mark.8.xml:122 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:58
1066 msgid "&apt-commonoptions;"
1069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1070 #: apt-cache.8.xml:344 apt-get.8.xml:519 apt-key.8.xml:174 apt-mark.8.xml:126
1071 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1117 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
1076 #: apt-cache.8.xml:346
1077 msgid "&file-sourceslist; &file-statelists;"
1080 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1081 #: apt-cache.8.xml:351 apt-cdrom.8.xml:145 apt-config.8.xml:109
1082 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607 apt-get.8.xml:529
1083 #: apt-key.8.xml:195 apt-mark.8.xml:132 apt-secure.8.xml:192
1084 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt.conf.5.xml:1123 apt_preferences.5.xml:705
1085 #: sources.list.5.xml:255
1088 msgstr "Consulte também"
1090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1091 #: apt-cache.8.xml:352
1092 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1095 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1096 #: apt-cache.8.xml:356 apt-cdrom.8.xml:150 apt-config.8.xml:114
1097 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611 apt-get.8.xml:535
1098 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67
1102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1103 #: apt-cache.8.xml:357
1105 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1109 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1110 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
1111 msgid "APT CDROM management utility"
1114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1115 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
1117 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CDROM to APTs list of "
1118 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
1119 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
1120 "burns and verifying the index files."
1123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1124 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
1126 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
1127 "system, it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disk in a multi-cd set "
1128 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
1131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1132 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
1134 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
1135 "unmount the CDROM device, prompt for a disk to be inserted and then proceed "
1136 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
1137 "<filename>disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
1141 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1142 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
1144 "APT uses a CDROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
1145 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
1149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1150 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
1152 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
1156 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1157 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:51
1159 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given "
1160 "one of the commands below must be present. <placeholder type=\"variablelist"
1164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1165 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:81 apt-key.8.xml:160
1169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1170 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:86
1172 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the cdrom. This mount point must "
1173 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
1174 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
1177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1178 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:95
1180 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disk or override the disks given label. "
1181 "This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a new "
1182 "label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
1185 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1186 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:104
1188 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
1189 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
1190 "NoMount</literal>."
1193 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1194 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:112
1196 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
1197 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
1198 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
1199 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
1202 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1203 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:122
1205 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
1206 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
1207 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
1210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1211 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:133
1213 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
1214 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
1215 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
1218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1219 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:146
1221 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
1222 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1224 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1225 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:151
1227 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1231 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1232 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
1233 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
1236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1237 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
1239 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
1240 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
1241 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
1242 "manner that is easy to use by scripted applications."
1245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1246 #: apt-config.8.xml:44 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54
1248 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given "
1249 "one of the commands below must be present."
1252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1253 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
1255 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
1256 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
1257 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists a series of "
1258 "shell assignments commands for each present value. In a shell script it "
1259 "should be used like:"
1262 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1263 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
1267 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
1271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1272 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
1274 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
1275 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
1278 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1279 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
1281 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
1282 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
1283 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
1286 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1287 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
1288 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
1291 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1292 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
1294 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
1295 "empty to remove them from the output."
1298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1299 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
1300 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
1303 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1304 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
1306 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
1307 "the name of the option, %f with the complete optionname and %v "
1308 "with the value of the option. Use uppercase letters and special characters "
1309 "in the value will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be savely used in a "
1310 "quoted-string as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced "
1311 "by a newline, %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %"
1315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1316 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
1317 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
1325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1326 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
1328 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
1333 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26
1337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1338 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
1339 msgid "Utility to extract DebConf config and templates from Debian packages"
1342 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1343 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
1345 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
1346 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
1347 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
1348 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
1352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1353 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
1354 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
1357 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1358 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
1360 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
1361 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
1362 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
1363 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
1364 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
1367 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1368 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
1370 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted debconf template files and "
1371 "config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::"
1375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1376 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
1378 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
1379 "decimal 100 on error."
1382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1383 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
1384 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
1387 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1388 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
1390 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
1391 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
1392 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
1396 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1397 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
1399 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
1400 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
1401 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
1402 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
1403 "generation process for a complete archive."
1406 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1407 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
1409 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
1410 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
1411 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
1412 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
1416 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1417 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
1419 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
1420 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
1421 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
1422 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
1425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1426 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
1428 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
1431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1432 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
1434 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
1435 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1436 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
1437 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
1440 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1441 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
1443 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
1444 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
1445 "change the source override file that will be used."
1448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1449 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
1451 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
1452 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1453 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
1454 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
1455 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
1456 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
1459 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1460 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
1462 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
1463 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
1464 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and the "
1465 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
1466 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
1467 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
1468 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
1469 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
1470 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a Release file containing a MD5, SHA1 "
1471 "and SHA256 digest for each file."
1474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1475 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
1477 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
1478 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
1479 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
1480 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
1481 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
1482 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
1483 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
1484 "<literal>Description</literal>."
1487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1488 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
1490 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
1491 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
1492 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
1493 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
1494 "maintaining the required settings."
1497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1498 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
1500 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
1501 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
1504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1505 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
1506 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
1509 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1510 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
1512 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
1513 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
1514 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
1515 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
1516 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
1517 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
1520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1521 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
1523 "The generate configuration has 4 separate sections, each described below."
1526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1527 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
1532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1533 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
1535 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
1536 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
1537 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
1538 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
1541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1542 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
1544 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
1545 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
1549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1550 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
1551 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
1554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1555 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
1556 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files"
1559 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1560 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
1562 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
1563 "literal> setting is used below."
1566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1567 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
1568 msgid "Default Section"
1571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1572 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
1574 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
1575 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
1576 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
1579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1580 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
1582 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the Package index files. It "
1583 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
1584 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
1588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1589 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
1591 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
1592 "defaults to '.deb'."
1595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1596 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
1598 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1599 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
1602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1603 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
1605 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
1606 "defaults to '.dsc'."
1609 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1610 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
1612 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1613 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
1616 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1617 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
1619 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1620 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
1623 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1624 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
1626 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
1627 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
1628 "Links</literal> setting."
1631 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1632 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
1634 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
1635 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
1638 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1639 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
1641 "Sets if long descriptions should be included in the Packages file or split "
1642 "out into a master Translation-en file."
1645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1646 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
1647 msgid "TreeDefault Section"
1650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1651 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
1653 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
1654 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
1655 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
1658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1659 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
1661 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
1662 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
1666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1667 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
1669 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
1670 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
1671 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
1672 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
1673 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
1674 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
1677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1678 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
1680 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1681 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
1684 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1685 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
1687 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
1688 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
1691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1692 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
1694 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1695 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
1698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1699 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
1701 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1702 "source/Sources</filename>"
1705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1706 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
1708 "Set the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if they "
1709 "should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1710 "$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
1713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1714 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
1716 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
1717 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
1721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1722 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
1724 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)"
1725 "</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files to map onto a "
1726 "single Contents file (such as the default) then <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1727 "command> will integrate those package files together automatically."
1730 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1731 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
1732 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
1735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1736 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
1738 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
1739 "can share the same database."
1742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1743 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
1745 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1746 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1747 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
1750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1751 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
1753 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1754 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1755 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
1756 "when processing source indexes."
1759 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1760 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
1761 msgid "Tree Section"
1764 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1765 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
1767 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
1768 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
1769 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
1770 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
1774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1775 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
1777 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
1778 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
1779 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
1780 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
1783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1784 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
1786 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
1787 "can be use in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
1791 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
1792 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
1795 "for i in Sections do \n"
1796 " for j in Architectures do\n"
1797 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
1801 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1802 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
1804 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1805 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
1809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1810 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
1812 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
1813 "distribution, typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
1817 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1818 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
1820 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
1821 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
1822 "this tree has a source archive."
1825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1826 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
1828 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
1829 "and maintainer address information."
1832 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1833 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
1835 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
1839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1840 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
1841 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
1844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1845 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
1846 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
1849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1850 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
1851 msgid "BinDirectory Section"
1854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1855 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
1857 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
1858 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
1859 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
1860 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
1861 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
1864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1865 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
1866 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
1869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1870 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
1872 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
1873 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
1876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1877 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
1878 msgid "Sets the Contents file output. (optional)"
1881 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1882 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
1883 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
1886 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1887 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
1888 msgid "Sets the source override file."
1891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1892 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
1893 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
1896 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1897 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
1898 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
1901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1902 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
1903 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
1906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1907 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
1908 msgid "The Binary Override File"
1911 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1912 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
1914 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
1915 "contains 4 fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package name, "
1916 "the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the the "
1917 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
1918 "permutation field."
1921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1922 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
1924 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
1927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1928 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
1933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1934 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
1936 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
1937 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
1938 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
1939 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
1940 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
1944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1945 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
1946 msgid "The Source Override File"
1949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1950 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
1952 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
1953 "contains 2 fields separated by spaces. The first fields is the source "
1954 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
1957 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1958 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
1959 msgid "The Extra Override File"
1962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1963 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
1965 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
1966 "the output. It has 3 columns, the first is the package, the second is the "
1967 "tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
1970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1971 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
1973 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
1974 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
1975 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
1976 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
1977 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
1978 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
1979 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
1980 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
1981 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
1984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1985 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
1987 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
1988 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
1991 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1992 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
1994 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1995 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1996 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1997 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
2000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2001 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
2003 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
2004 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
2005 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
2006 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
2009 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2010 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
2012 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
2013 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
2014 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
2015 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
2016 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
2019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2020 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
2022 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
2023 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
2027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2028 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
2030 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
2031 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
2034 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2035 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
2037 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
2038 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
2039 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
2040 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
2043 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2044 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
2046 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
2047 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
2048 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
2049 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
2050 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
2051 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
2052 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
2053 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
2057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2058 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
2060 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
2061 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
2062 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
2063 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
2064 "in the generate command."
2067 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2068 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596 apt.conf.5.xml:1111 apt_preferences.5.xml:545
2069 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
2074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
2075 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
2077 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
2080 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2081 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
2083 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
2084 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
2087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2088 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
2090 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
2094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2096 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
2099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2102 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
2103 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
2104 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
2105 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
2108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2111 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
2112 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
2113 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
2114 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
2115 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
2116 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
2117 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
2118 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
2119 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
2122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2125 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
2126 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
2127 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
2128 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
2129 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
2130 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
2131 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
2132 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
2133 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
2134 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
2137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2140 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
2141 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
2142 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
2143 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
2144 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
2148 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2151 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
2152 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
2153 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
2154 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
2155 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. So, "
2156 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages. The "
2157 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations "
2158 "from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-preferences; "
2159 "for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual packages."
2162 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2165 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
2166 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
2167 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, libc6 would "
2168 "be the argument provided, not <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All "
2169 "packages required by the package(s) specified for installation will also be "
2170 "retrieved and installed. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> "
2171 "file is used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the "
2172 "package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2173 "removed if it is installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate "
2174 "a package to install. These latter features may be used to override "
2175 "decisions made by apt-get's conflict resolution system."
2178 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2179 #: apt-get.8.xml:116
2181 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
2182 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
2183 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
2184 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
2185 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
2186 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
2189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2190 #: apt-get.8.xml:123
2192 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
2196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2197 #: apt-get.8.xml:126
2199 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
2200 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
2201 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
2202 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
2203 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
2204 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
2205 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
2208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2209 #: apt-get.8.xml:137
2211 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
2212 "installation policy for individual packages."
2215 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2216 #: apt-get.8.xml:141
2218 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
2219 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
2220 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
2221 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
2222 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
2223 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
2227 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2228 #: apt-get.8.xml:151
2230 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
2231 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package "
2232 "leaves its configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the "
2233 "package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2234 "installed instead of removed."
2237 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2238 #: apt-get.8.xml:159
2240 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
2241 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
2245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2246 #: apt-get.8.xml:164
2248 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
2249 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
2250 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
2251 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
2252 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
2253 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
2254 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
2257 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2258 #: apt-get.8.xml:172
2260 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
2261 "src</literal> type lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you "
2262 "will need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources "
2263 "from. If you don't do this you will properly get another (newer, older or "
2264 "none) source version than the one you have installed or could install."
2267 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2268 #: apt-get.8.xml:179
2270 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
2271 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
2272 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
2273 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
2274 "package will not be unpacked."
2277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2278 #: apt-get.8.xml:186
2280 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
2281 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
2282 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
2283 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
2287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2288 #: apt-get.8.xml:192
2290 "Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they exist "
2291 "only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source tar "
2295 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2296 #: apt-get.8.xml:198
2298 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
2299 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
2300 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
2301 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
2302 "option> option instead."
2305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2306 #: apt-get.8.xml:205
2308 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
2309 "and checks for broken dependencies."
2312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2313 #: apt-get.8.xml:210
2315 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
2316 "current directory."
2319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2320 #: apt-get.8.xml:216
2322 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
2323 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
2324 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
2325 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
2326 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
2327 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
2331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2332 #: apt-get.8.xml:226
2334 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
2335 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
2336 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
2337 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
2338 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
2339 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
2343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2344 #: apt-get.8.xml:236
2346 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
2347 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
2348 "now no longer needed."
2351 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2352 #: apt-get.8.xml:241
2354 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
2355 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
2356 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
2357 "variable (e. g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs"
2358 "\">packages.debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://"
2359 "changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> "
2360 "for Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
2361 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
2362 "<option>install</option> command."
2365 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2366 #: apt-get.8.xml:264
2368 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
2369 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
2372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2373 #: apt-get.8.xml:269
2375 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
2376 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
2379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2380 #: apt-get.8.xml:274
2382 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
2383 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
2386 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2387 #: apt-get.8.xml:279
2389 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
2390 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
2391 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
2392 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
2393 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
2394 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
2395 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
2396 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
2397 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
2398 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
2399 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
2402 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2403 #: apt-get.8.xml:294
2405 "Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
2406 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
2407 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
2408 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
2409 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
2410 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
2411 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
2414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2415 #: apt-get.8.xml:305
2417 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
2418 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
2419 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
2422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2423 #: apt-get.8.xml:312
2425 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
2426 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
2427 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
2428 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never "
2429 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
2430 "may decided to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
2431 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
2434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2435 #: apt-get.8.xml:327
2437 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
2438 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2439 "Simulate</literal>."
2442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2443 #: apt-get.8.xml:331
2445 "Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</"
2446 "literal>) automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this "
2447 "is only a simulation, if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-"
2448 "Note</literal> is set (Default: true). Neither NoLocking nor the notice "
2449 "will be triggered if run as root (root should know what he is doing without "
2450 "further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>)."
2453 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2454 #: apt-get.8.xml:337
2456 "Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg "
2457 "operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets "
2458 "indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks "
2459 "that are of no consequence (rare)."
2462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2463 #: apt-get.8.xml:346
2465 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
2466 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
2467 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
2468 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
2469 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
2472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2473 #: apt-get.8.xml:354
2475 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2476 "Assume-No</literal>."
2479 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2480 #: apt-get.8.xml:359
2482 "Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be "
2483 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
2486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2487 #: apt-get.8.xml:365
2489 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
2490 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
2493 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2494 #: apt-get.8.xml:371
2496 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
2497 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
2498 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
2499 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
2500 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
2501 "Architecture</literal>"
2504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2505 #: apt-get.8.xml:381
2507 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
2508 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
2511 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2512 #: apt-get.8.xml:386
2514 "Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
2515 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
2516 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
2517 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
2520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2521 #: apt-get.8.xml:393
2523 "Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2524 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
2525 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
2526 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
2529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2530 #: apt-get.8.xml:400
2532 "Do not install new packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2533 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
2534 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
2535 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
2538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2539 #: apt-get.8.xml:408
2541 "Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
2542 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
2543 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
2544 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
2545 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
2548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2549 #: apt-get.8.xml:416
2551 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
2552 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected md5 "
2553 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
2554 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
2555 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
2556 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
2557 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2558 "Print-URIs</literal>."
2561 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2562 #: apt-get.8.xml:427
2564 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
2565 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
2566 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
2567 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
2570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2571 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
2573 "Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
2574 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
2577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2578 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
2580 "This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn "
2581 "it off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the "
2582 "contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete "
2583 "files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently "
2584 "change your source list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-"
2585 "Cleanup</literal>."
2588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2589 #: apt-get.8.xml:451
2591 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates a "
2592 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
2593 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
2594 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
2595 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
2596 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
2597 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
2598 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
2599 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
2602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2603 #: apt-get.8.xml:466
2605 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
2606 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</"
2607 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
2608 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
2611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2612 #: apt-get.8.xml:473
2614 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
2615 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
2618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2619 #: apt-get.8.xml:479
2621 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
2622 "literal>, then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> "
2623 "command, removing the unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
2624 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
2627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2628 #: apt-get.8.xml:486
2630 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
2631 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
2632 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
2633 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
2634 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
2635 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
2639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2640 #: apt-get.8.xml:497
2642 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
2643 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
2644 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
2647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2648 #: apt-get.8.xml:503
2650 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
2651 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
2654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2655 #: apt-get.8.xml:508
2657 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
2658 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2659 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
2662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
2663 #: apt-get.8.xml:521
2665 "&file-sourceslist; &file-aptconf; &file-preferences; &file-cachearchives; "
2669 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2670 #: apt-get.8.xml:530
2672 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
2673 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
2674 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
2677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2678 #: apt-get.8.xml:536
2680 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
2684 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2686 msgid "APT key management utility"
2689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2692 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
2693 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
2694 "keys will be considered trusted."
2697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2702 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2705 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
2706 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
2707 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
2710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2712 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
2715 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2717 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
2720 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2722 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
2725 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2727 msgid "List trusted keys."
2730 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2731 #: apt-key.8.xml:107
2732 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
2735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2736 #: apt-key.8.xml:118
2738 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
2742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2743 #: apt-key.8.xml:130
2745 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
2746 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
2747 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
2748 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
2752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2753 #: apt-key.8.xml:144
2755 "Work similar to the <command>update</command> command above, but get the "
2756 "archive keyring from an URI instead and validate it against a master key. "
2757 "This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have a "
2758 "server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. APT in Debian does "
2759 "not support this command and relies on <command>update</command> instead, "
2760 "but Ubuntu's APT does."
2763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2764 #: apt-key.8.xml:161
2766 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
2770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2771 #: apt-key.8.xml:164
2773 "With this option it is possible to specify a specific keyring file the "
2774 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
2775 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
2776 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
2777 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
2781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
2782 #: apt-key.8.xml:177
2783 msgid "&file-trustedgpg;"
2786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2787 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
2789 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
2790 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
2792 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2793 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
2794 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
2797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2798 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
2799 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
2802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2803 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
2804 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
2807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2808 #: apt-key.8.xml:187
2810 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
2813 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2814 #: apt-key.8.xml:188
2815 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
2818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2819 #: apt-key.8.xml:197
2821 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
2822 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2825 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
2826 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
2829 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2830 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
2832 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
2833 "being automatically installed."
2836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2837 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
2839 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
2840 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
2841 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
2842 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
2843 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
2846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2847 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
2849 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
2850 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
2851 "installed packages depend on this package."
2854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2855 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
2857 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
2858 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
2859 "if no other packages depend on it."
2862 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2863 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
2865 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as hold back, which will "
2866 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
2867 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
2868 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
2869 "effected by the <option>--filename</option> option."
2872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2873 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
2875 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
2876 "package to allow all actions again."
2879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2880 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
2882 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
2883 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
2884 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
2885 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
2888 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2889 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
2891 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2892 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2893 "installed packages instead."
2896 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2897 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
2899 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2900 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><filename>
2904 #: apt-mark.8.xml:112 apt-mark.8.xml:113
2906 msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
2908 "<programlisting>\n"
2909 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
2911 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2912 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
2914 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2915 "<filename><replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable></filename> instead "
2916 "of from the default location, which is <filename>extended_status</filename> "
2917 "in the directory defined by the Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</"
2921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
2922 #: apt-mark.8.xml:128
2923 msgid " &file-extended_states;"
2926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2927 #: apt-mark.8.xml:133
2929 msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
2930 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2933 #: apt-mark.8.xml:137
2935 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2939 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2940 #: apt-secure.8.xml:47
2941 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2945 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52
2947 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2948 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2949 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2950 "the Release file signing key."
2953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2954 #: apt-secure.8.xml:60
2956 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature or with a signature "
2957 "that apt does not have a key for that package is considered untrusted and "
2958 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2959 "currently only warn for unsigned archives, future releases might force all "
2960 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2964 #: apt-secure.8.xml:69
2966 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2967 "authentication feature."
2970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2971 #: apt-secure.8.xml:74
2972 msgid "Trusted archives"
2975 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2976 #: apt-secure.8.xml:77
2978 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of "
2979 "different steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this "
2980 "chain, trusting an archive does not mean that the packages that you trust it "
2981 "do not contain malicious code but means that you trust the archive "
2982 "maintainer. It's the archive maintainer responsibility to ensure that the "
2983 "archive integrity is correct."
2986 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2987 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
2989 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2990 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2991 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2992 "packages respectively)."
2995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2996 #: apt-secure.8.xml:92
2998 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2999 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. This upload in order to "
3000 "become effective needs to be signed by a key of a maintainer within the "
3001 "Debian maintainer's keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). "
3002 "Maintainer's keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established "
3003 "procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder."
3006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3007 #: apt-secure.8.xml:102
3009 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
3010 "maintainer signature is stripped off, an MD5 sum of the package is computed "
3011 "and put in the Packages file. The MD5 sum of all of the packages files are "
3012 "then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is then signed "
3013 "by the archive key (which is created once a year) and distributed through "
3014 "the FTP server. This key is also on the Debian keyring."
3017 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3018 #: apt-secure.8.xml:112
3020 "Any end user can check the signature of the Release file, extract the MD5 "
3021 "sum of a package from it and compare it with the MD5 sum of the package he "
3022 "downloaded. Prior to version 0.6 only the MD5 sum of the downloaded Debian "
3023 "package was checked. Now both the MD5 sum and the signature of the Release "
3027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3028 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
3030 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
3031 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
3034 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3035 #: apt-secure.8.xml:124
3037 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
3038 "checking, a malicious agent can introduce himself in the package download "
3039 "process and provide malicious software either by controlling a network "
3040 "element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue server "
3041 "(through arp or DNS spoofing attacks)."
3044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3045 #: apt-secure.8.xml:132
3047 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
3048 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
3049 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
3053 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3054 #: apt-secure.8.xml:139
3056 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
3057 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
3058 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
3059 "package signature."
3062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3063 #: apt-secure.8.xml:145
3064 msgid "User configuration"
3067 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3068 #: apt-secure.8.xml:147
3070 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
3071 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys although an installation of "
3072 "this release will automatically provide the default Debian archive signing "
3073 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
3076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3077 #: apt-secure.8.xml:154
3079 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
3080 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
3081 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
3082 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
3083 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
3087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3088 #: apt-secure.8.xml:163
3089 msgid "Archive configuration"
3092 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3093 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
3095 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
3096 "maintenance you have to:"
3099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3100 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
3102 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
3103 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
3104 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
3107 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3108 #: apt-secure.8.xml:175
3110 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
3111 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
3112 "gpg Release</command>."
3115 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3116 #: apt-secure.8.xml:179
3118 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
3119 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
3123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3124 #: apt-secure.8.xml:186
3126 "Whenever the contents of the archive changes (new packages are added or "
3127 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps previously "
3131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3132 #: apt-secure.8.xml:194
3134 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
3135 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
3138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3139 #: apt-secure.8.xml:198
3141 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
3142 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
3143 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
3144 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
3145 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
3146 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
3149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3150 #: apt-secure.8.xml:211
3151 msgid "Manpage Authors"
3154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3155 #: apt-secure.8.xml:213
3157 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
3158 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
3161 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3162 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
3163 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
3166 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3167 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
3169 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (Source index or "
3170 "Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
3171 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
3172 "internal sorting rules."
3175 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3176 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
3177 msgid "All output is sent to stdout, the input must be a seekable file."
3180 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3181 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
3183 "Use Source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
3184 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
3187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3188 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
3190 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
3194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
3195 #: apt.conf.5.xml:20
3196 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
3199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
3200 #: apt.conf.5.xml:30 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
3204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3205 #: apt.conf.5.xml:37
3206 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
3209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3210 #: apt.conf.5.xml:41
3212 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file for the APT "
3213 "suite of tools, but by far not the only place changes to options can be "
3214 "made. All tools therefore share the configuration files and also use a "
3215 "common command line parser to provide a uniform environment."
3218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
3219 #: apt.conf.5.xml:46
3221 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
3225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3226 #: apt.conf.5.xml:48
3228 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
3232 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3233 #: apt.conf.5.xml:50
3235 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
3236 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
3237 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
3238 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
3239 "ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
3240 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this case it will be "
3244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3245 #: apt.conf.5.xml:57
3247 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
3250 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3251 #: apt.conf.5.xml:59
3253 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
3254 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
3257 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3258 #: apt.conf.5.xml:63
3262 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3263 #: apt.conf.5.xml:64
3265 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
3266 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
3267 "notation, for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
3268 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
3269 "their parent groups."
3272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3273 #: apt.conf.5.xml:70
3275 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
3276 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
3277 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
3278 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
3279 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The trailing "
3280 "semicolon and the quotes are required. The value must be on one line, and "
3281 "there is no kind of string concatenation. It must not include inside "
3282 "quotes. The behavior of the backslash \"\\\" and escaped characters inside "
3283 "a value is undefined and it should not be used. An option name may include "
3284 "alphanumerical characters and the \"/-:._+\" characters. A new scope can be "
3285 "opened with curly braces, like:"
3288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3289 #: apt.conf.5.xml:84
3294 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
3295 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
3300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3301 #: apt.conf.5.xml:92
3303 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
3304 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
3305 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, each separated by a semicolon."
3308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3309 #: apt.conf.5.xml:97
3311 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
3314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3315 #: apt.conf.5.xml:100
3317 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
3318 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
3321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3322 #: apt.conf.5.xml:104
3324 "The names of the configuration items are not case-sensitive. So in the "
3325 "previous example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
3328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3329 #: apt.conf.5.xml:107
3331 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as it "
3332 "can be see in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. "
3333 "If you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
3334 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option as every other "
3335 "option by reassigning a new value to the option."
3338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3339 #: apt.conf.5.xml:112
3341 "Two specials are allowed, <literal>#include</literal> (which is deprecated "
3342 "and not supported by alternative implementations) and <literal>#clear</"
3343 "literal>: <literal>#include</literal> will include the given file, unless "
3344 "the filename ends in a slash, then the whole directory is included. "
3345 "<literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of the configuration tree. "
3346 "The specified element and all its descendants are erased. (Note that these "
3347 "lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
3350 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3351 #: apt.conf.5.xml:120
3353 "The #clear command is the only way to delete a list or a complete scope. "
3354 "Reopening a scope or the ::-style described below will <emphasis>not</"
3355 "emphasis> override previously written entries. Only options can be "
3356 "overridden by addressing a new value to it - lists and scopes can't be "
3357 "overridden, only cleared."
3360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3361 #: apt.conf.5.xml:125
3363 "All of the APT tools take a -o option which allows an arbitrary "
3364 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
3365 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
3366 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
3367 "element to a list, add a trailing :: to the name of the list. (As you might "
3368 "suspect: The scope syntax can't be used on the command line.)"
3371 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3372 #: apt.conf.5.xml:132
3374 "Note that you can use :: only for appending one item per line to a list and "
3375 "that you should not use it in combination with the scope syntax. (The scope "
3376 "syntax implicit insert ::) Using both syntaxes together will trigger a bug "
3377 "which some users unfortunately depend on: An option with the unusual name "
3378 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts like every other option with a name. "
3379 "These introduces many problems including that a user who writes multiple "
3380 "lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> syntax in the hope to append to a "
3381 "list will gain the opposite as only the last assignment for this option "
3382 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. Upcoming APT versions will raise "
3383 "errors and will stop working if they encounter this misuse, so please "
3384 "correct such statements now as long as APT doesn't complain explicit about "
3388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3389 #: apt.conf.5.xml:144
3390 msgid "The APT Group"
3393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3394 #: apt.conf.5.xml:145
3396 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
3397 "options for all of the tools."
3400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3401 #: apt.conf.5.xml:150
3403 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
3404 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
3408 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3409 #: apt.conf.5.xml:156
3411 "All Architectures the system supports. Processors implementing the "
3412 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) instruction "
3413 "set are e.g. also able to execute binaries compiled for the <literal>i386</"
3414 "literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set; This list is use when "
3415 "fetching files and parsing package lists. The internal default is always the "
3416 "native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</literal>) and all foreign "
3417 "architectures it can retrieve by calling <command>dpkg --print-foreign-"
3418 "architectures</command>."
3421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3422 #: apt.conf.5.xml:166
3424 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version available. "
3425 "Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: 'stable', "
3426 "'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', '4.0', "
3427 "'5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
3430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3431 #: apt.conf.5.xml:172
3433 "Ignore Held packages; This global option causes the problem resolver to "
3434 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
3437 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3438 #: apt.conf.5.xml:177
3440 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
3441 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
3442 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
3443 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
3446 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3447 #: apt.conf.5.xml:184
3449 "Defaults to on which will cause APT to install essential and important "
3450 "packages as fast as possible in the install/upgrade operation. This is done "
3451 "to limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call: If this option is disabled APT "
3452 "does treat an important package in the same way as an extra package: Between "
3453 "the unpacking of the important package A and his configuration can then be "
3454 "many other unpack or configuration calls, e.g. for package B which has no "
3455 "relation to A, but causes the dpkg call to fail (e.g. because maintainer "
3456 "script of package B generates an error) which results in a system state in "
3457 "which package A is unpacked but unconfigured - each package depending on A "
3458 "is now no longer guaranteed to work as their dependency on A is not longer "
3459 "satisfied. The immediate configuration marker is also applied to all "
3460 "dependencies which can generate a problem if the dependencies e.g. form a "
3461 "circle as a dependency with the immediate flag is comparable with a Pre-"
3462 "Dependency. So in theory it is possible that APT encounters a situation in "
3463 "which it is unable to perform immediate configuration, errors out and refers "
3464 "to this option so the user can deactivate the immediate configuration "
3465 "temporarily to be able to perform an install/upgrade again. Note the use of "
3466 "the word \"theory\" here as this problem was only encountered by now in real "
3467 "world a few times in non-stable distribution versions and was caused by "
3468 "wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an already "
3469 "broken state, so you should not blindly disable this option as the mentioned "
3470 "scenario above is not the only problem immediate configuration can help to "
3471 "prevent in the first place. Before a big operation like <literal>dist-"
3472 "upgrade</literal> is run with this option disabled it should be tried to "
3473 "explicitly <literal>install</literal> the package APT is unable to configure "
3474 "immediately, but please make sure to report your problem also to your "
3475 "distribution and to the APT team with the buglink below so they can work on "
3476 "improving or correcting the upgrade process."
3479 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3480 #: apt.conf.5.xml:207
3482 "Never Enable this option unless you -really- know what you are doing. It "
3483 "permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to break a Conflicts/"
3484 "Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depend loop between two essential packages. SUCH "
3485 "A LOOP SHOULD NEVER EXIST AND IS A GRAVE BUG. This option will work if the "
3486 "essential packages are not tar, gzip, libc, dpkg, bash or anything that "
3487 "those packages depend on."
3490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3491 #: apt.conf.5.xml:216
3493 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
3494 "the 'available' information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint "
3495 "to which size the Cache will grow and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
3496 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
3497 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT otherwise it will "
3498 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
3499 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
3500 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
3501 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the Cache size will be increased in the event "
3502 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. These "
3503 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
3504 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
3505 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
3506 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
3507 "automatic grow of the cache is disabled."
3510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3511 #: apt.conf.5.xml:232
3512 msgid "Defines which package(s) are considered essential build dependencies."
3515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3516 #: apt.conf.5.xml:236
3518 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool, please see its documentation "
3519 "for more information about the options here."
3522 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3523 #: apt.conf.5.xml:241
3525 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool, please see its "
3526 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3530 #: apt.conf.5.xml:246
3532 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool, please see its "
3533 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3536 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3537 #: apt.conf.5.xml:252
3538 msgid "The Acquire Group"
3541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3542 #: apt.conf.5.xml:258
3544 "Security related option defaulting to true as an expiring validation for a "
3545 "Release file prevents longtime replay attacks and can e.g. also help users "
3546 "to identify no longer updated mirrors - but the feature depends on the "
3547 "correctness of the time on the user system. Archive maintainers are "
3548 "encouraged to create Release files with the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> "
3549 "header, but if they don't or a stricter value is volitional the following "
3550 "<literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option can be used."
3553 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3554 #: apt.conf.5.xml:269
3556 "Seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was created "
3557 "(indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). If the Release file "
3558 "itself includes a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of "
3559 "the two is used as the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</"
3560 "literal> which stands for \"for ever valid\". Archive specific settings can "
3561 "be made by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3564 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3565 #: apt.conf.5.xml:280
3567 "Minimum of seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was "
3568 "created (indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). Use this if you "
3569 "need to use a seldomly updated (local) mirror of a more regular updated "
3570 "archive with a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header instead of completely "
3571 "disabling the expiration date checking. Archive specific settings can and "
3572 "should be used by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3576 #: apt.conf.5.xml:291
3578 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for Packages or "
3579 "Sources files instead of downloading whole ones. True by default."
3582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3583 #: apt.conf.5.xml:294
3585 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: With "
3586 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be specified how many PDiff files are "
3587 "downloaded at most to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</literal> on the "
3588 "other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all patches compared to "
3589 "the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is exceeded the "
3590 "complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
3593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3594 #: apt.conf.5.xml:304
3596 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
3597 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
3598 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
3599 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
3600 "connection per URI type will be opened."
3603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3604 #: apt.conf.5.xml:312
3606 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
3607 "files the given number of times."
3610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3611 #: apt.conf.5.xml:317
3613 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
3614 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
3617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3618 #: apt.conf.5.xml:322
3620 "HTTP URIs; http::Proxy is the default http proxy to use. It is in the "
3621 "standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per "
3622 "host proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>http::Proxy::"
3623 "<host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3624 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3625 "<envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used."
3628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3629 #: apt.conf.5.xml:330
3631 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
3632 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy to not use its cached "
3633 "response under any circumstances, <literal>Max-Age</literal> is sent only "
3634 "for index files and tells the cache to refresh its object if it is older "
3635 "than the given number of seconds. Debian updates its index files daily so "
3636 "the default is 1 day. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the cache "
3637 "should never store this request, it is only set for archive files. This may "
3638 "be useful to prevent polluting a proxy cache with very large .deb files. "
3639 "Note: Squid 2.0.2 does not support any of these options."
3642 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3643 #: apt.conf.5.xml:340 apt.conf.5.xml:406
3645 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
3646 "method, this applies to all things including connection timeout and data "
3650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3651 #: apt.conf.5.xml:343
3653 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
3654 "enabled HTTP pipeling (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
3655 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are send in a "
3656 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
3657 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
3658 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
3659 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
3662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3663 #: apt.conf.5.xml:350
3665 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls if APT will follow "
3666 "redirects, which is enabled by default."
3669 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3670 #: apt.conf.5.xml:353
3672 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
3673 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobyte. The default value is 0 "
3674 "which deactivates the limit and tries uses as much as possible of the "
3675 "bandwidth (Note that this option implicit deactivates the download from "
3676 "multiple servers at the same time.)"
3679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3680 #: apt.conf.5.xml:358
3682 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3683 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3684 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3688 #: apt.conf.5.xml:365
3690 "HTTPS URIs. Cache-control, Timeout, AllowRedirect, Dl-Limit and proxy "
3691 "options are the same as for <literal>http</literal> method and will also "
3692 "default to the options from the <literal>http</literal> method if they are "
3693 "not explicitly set for https. <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is "
3694 "not supported yet."
3697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3698 #: apt.conf.5.xml:371
3700 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3701 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is "
3702 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3703 "suboption determines whether verify server's host certificate against "
3704 "trusted certificates or not. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</literal> "
3705 "is corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</literal> boolean "
3706 "suboption determines whether verify server's hostname or not. <literal><"
3707 "host>::Verify-Host</literal> is corresponding per-host option. "
3708 "<literal>SslCert</literal> determines what certificate to use for client "
3709 "authentication. <literal><host>::SslCert</literal> is corresponding "
3710 "per-host option. <literal>SslKey</literal> determines what private key to "
3711 "use for client authentication. <literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is "
3712 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides "
3713 "default SSL version to use. Can contain 'TLSv1' or 'SSLv3' string. "
3714 "<literal><host>::SslForceVersion</literal> is corresponding per-host "
3718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3719 #: apt.conf.5.xml:390
3721 "FTP URIs; ftp::Proxy is the default ftp proxy to use. It is in the standard "
3722 "form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per host "
3723 "proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>ftp::Proxy::<"
3724 "host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3725 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3726 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used. To use a ftp "
3727 "proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</literal> script in "
3728 "the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands to send to tell "
3729 "the proxy server what to connect to. Please see &configureindex; for an "
3730 "example of how to do this. The substitution variables available are <literal>"
3731 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal> <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal> <literal>"
3732 "$(SITE_USER)</literal> <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal> <literal>$(SITE)</"
3733 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal> Each is taken from it's "
3734 "respective URI component."
3737 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3738 #: apt.conf.5.xml:409
3740 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3741 "to leave passive mode on, it works in nearly every environment. However "
3742 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode ftp used "
3743 "instead. This can be done globally, for connections that go through a proxy "
3744 "or for a specific host (See the sample config file for examples)."
3747 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3748 #: apt.conf.5.xml:416
3750 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3751 "envar> environment variable to a http url - see the discussion of the http "
3752 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3753 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3756 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3757 #: apt.conf.5.xml:421
3759 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3760 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3761 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3762 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3763 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3766 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3767 #: apt.conf.5.xml:434
3769 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3773 #: apt.conf.5.xml:429
3775 "CDROM URIs; the only setting for CDROM URIs is the mount point, "
3776 "<literal>cdrom::Mount</literal> which must be the mount point for the CDROM "
3777 "drive as specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to "
3778 "provide alternate mount and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be "
3779 "listed in the fstab (such as an SMB mount and old mount packages). The "
3780 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3781 "cdrom block. It is important to have the trailing slash. Unmount commands "
3782 "can be specified using UMount."
3785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3786 #: apt.conf.5.xml:440
3788 "GPGV URIs; the only option for GPGV URIs is the option to pass additional "
3789 "parameters to gpgv. <literal>gpgv::Options</literal> Additional options "
3793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3794 #: apt.conf.5.xml:451
3796 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3799 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3800 #: apt.conf.5.xml:446
3802 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3803 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3804 "compression formats. Per default the acquire methods can decompress "
3805 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3806 "command> compressed files, with this setting more formats can be added on "
3807 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3808 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3812 #: apt.conf.5.xml:456
3814 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3817 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3818 #: apt.conf.5.xml:459
3820 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3824 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
3826 "Also the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3827 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3828 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3829 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simple add the "
3830 "preferred type at first - not already added default types will be added at "
3831 "run time to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3832 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3833 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3834 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3835 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this "
3836 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3837 "<literal>bz2</literal> explicit to the list as it will be added automatic."
3840 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3841 #: apt.conf.5.xml:463
3843 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3847 #: apt.conf.5.xml:461
3849 "Note that at run time the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</"
3850 "replaceable></literal> will be checked: If this setting exists the method "
3851 "will only be used if this file exists, e.g. for the bzip2 method (the "
3852 "inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> Note "
3853 "also that list entries specified on the command line will be added at the "
3854 "end of the list specified in the configuration files, but before the default "
3855 "entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones specified in the "
3856 "configuration files you can set the option direct - not in list style. This "
3857 "will not override the defined list, it will only prefix the list with this "
3861 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3862 #: apt.conf.5.xml:468
3864 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3865 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3866 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3870 #: apt.conf.5.xml:475
3872 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3873 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3874 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3875 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3879 #: apt.conf.5.xml:483
3881 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3882 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the Description-"
3883 "Translations. APT will try to display the first available Description in the "
3884 "Language which is listed at first. Languages can be defined with their short "
3885 "or long Languagecodes. Note that not all archives provide "
3886 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every Language - especially the "
3887 "long Languagecodes are rare, so please inform you which ones are available "
3888 "before you set here impossible values."
3891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3892 #: apt.conf.5.xml:499
3894 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3898 #: apt.conf.5.xml:489
3900 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3901 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: It will be "
3902 "replaced at runtime with the languagecodes extracted from the "
3903 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3904 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3905 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3906 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3907 "force apt to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3908 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3909 "meaning code which will stop the search for a fitting <filename>Translation</"
3910 "filename> file. This can be used by the system administrator to let APT "
3911 "know that it should download also this files without actually use them if "
3912 "the environment doesn't specify this languages. So the following example "
3913 "configuration will result in the order \"en, de\" in an english and in \"de, "
3914 "en\" in a german localization. Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used "
3915 "if APT is not used in a french localization, in such an environment the "
3916 "order would be \"fr, de, en\". <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id="
3920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3921 #: apt.conf.5.xml:500
3923 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3924 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3925 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3926 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3930 #: apt.conf.5.xml:253
3932 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
3933 "packages and the URI handlers. <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
3936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3937 #: apt.conf.5.xml:511
3941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3942 #: apt.conf.5.xml:513
3944 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3945 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3946 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3947 "dpkg status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3948 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3949 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub items if they do not "
3950 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3954 #: apt.conf.5.xml:520
3956 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3957 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3958 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3959 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3960 "be turned off by setting their names to be blank. This will slow down "
3961 "startup but save disk space. It is probably preferred to turn off the "
3962 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3963 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3966 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3967 #: apt.conf.5.xml:529
3969 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3970 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3971 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3972 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3973 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3977 #: apt.conf.5.xml:535
3979 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3980 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3981 "main config file is loaded."
3984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3985 #: apt.conf.5.xml:539
3987 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3988 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3989 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3990 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3991 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3992 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3996 #: apt.conf.5.xml:547
3998 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3999 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
4000 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
4001 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
4002 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
4003 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
4004 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
4008 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4009 #: apt.conf.5.xml:560
4011 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
4012 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
4013 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
4014 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
4015 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
4016 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
4019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4020 #: apt.conf.5.xml:569
4021 msgid "APT in DSelect"
4024 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4025 #: apt.conf.5.xml:571
4027 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
4028 "control the default behaviour. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
4032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4033 #: apt.conf.5.xml:576
4035 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto, pre-auto "
4036 "and never. always and prompt will remove all packages from the cache after "
4037 "upgrading, prompt (the default) does so conditionally. auto removes only "
4038 "those packages which are no longer downloadable (replaced with a new version "
4039 "for instance). pre-auto performs this action before downloading new "
4043 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4044 #: apt.conf.5.xml:585
4046 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4047 "when it is run for the install phase."
4050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4051 #: apt.conf.5.xml:590
4053 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4054 "when it is run for the update phase."
4057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4058 #: apt.conf.5.xml:595
4060 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
4061 "The default is to prompt only on error."
4064 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4065 #: apt.conf.5.xml:601
4066 msgid "How APT calls dpkg"
4069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4070 #: apt.conf.5.xml:602
4072 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
4073 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
4076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4077 #: apt.conf.5.xml:607
4079 "This is a list of options to pass to dpkg. The options must be specified "
4080 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
4084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4085 #: apt.conf.5.xml:613
4087 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
4088 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4089 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4090 "fail APT will abort."
4093 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4094 #: apt.conf.5.xml:620
4096 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking dpkg. Like "
4097 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4098 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4099 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass to the commands on standard input the "
4100 "filenames of all .deb files it is going to install, one per line."
4103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4104 #: apt.conf.5.xml:626
4106 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
4107 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
4108 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
4109 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
4110 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
4113 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4114 #: apt.conf.5.xml:634
4116 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking dpkg, the default is <filename>/"
4120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4121 #: apt.conf.5.xml:639
4123 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages, the "
4124 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
4127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4128 #: apt.conf.5.xml:644
4129 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
4132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4133 #: apt.conf.5.xml:645
4135 "APT can call dpkg in a way so it can make aggressive use of triggers over "
4136 "multiple calls of dpkg. Without further options dpkg will use triggers only "
4137 "in between his own run. Activating these options can therefore decrease the "
4138 "time needed to perform the install / upgrade. Note that it is intended to "
4139 "activate these options per default in the future, but as it changes the way "
4140 "APT calling dpkg drastically it needs a lot more testing. <emphasis>These "
4141 "options are therefore currently experimental and should not be used in "
4142 "productive environments.</emphasis> Also it breaks the progress reporting so "
4143 "all frontends will currently stay around half (or more) of the time in the "
4144 "100% state while it actually configures all packages."
4147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
4148 #: apt.conf.5.xml:660
4151 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
4152 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
4153 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
4154 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
4157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4158 #: apt.conf.5.xml:654
4160 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
4161 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
4162 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
4163 "enough to help testing them create a new configuration file and test a "
4164 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
4165 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
4166 "reports. Asking dpkg for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
4167 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
4168 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4172 #: apt.conf.5.xml:667
4174 "Add the no triggers flag to all dpkg calls (except the ConfigurePending "
4175 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
4176 "short: dpkg will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it is "
4177 "explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option exists "
4178 "(undocumented) also in older apt versions with a slightly different meaning: "
4179 "Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure calls to "
4180 "dpkg - now apt will add these flag also to the unpack and remove calls."
4183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4184 #: apt.conf.5.xml:675
4186 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
4187 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". \"<literal>all</literal>\" is the default "
4188 "value and causes APT to configure all packages explicit. The "
4189 "\"<literal>smart</literal>\" way is it to configure only packages which need "
4190 "to be configured before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends) and "
4191 "let the rest configure by dpkg with a call generated by the next option. "
4192 "\"<literal>no</literal>\" on the other hand will not configure anything and "
4193 "totally rely on dpkg for configuration (which will at the moment fail if a "
4194 "Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to another than the all "
4195 "value will implicitly activate also the next option per default as otherwise "
4196 "the system could end in an unconfigured status which could be unbootable!"
4199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4200 #: apt.conf.5.xml:686
4202 "If this option is set apt will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
4203 "command> to let dpkg handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
4204 "option is activated automatic per default if the previous option is not set "
4205 "to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating could be useful if you want to "
4206 "run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these sceneries "
4207 "you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
4210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4211 #: apt.conf.5.xml:693
4213 "Useful for <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
4214 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal> and dpkg "
4215 "treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a dealbreaker "
4216 "for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will process all "
4217 "triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
4220 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4221 #: apt.conf.5.xml:699
4223 "As the configuration can be deferred to be done at the end by dpkg it can be "
4224 "tried to order the unpack series only by critical needs, e.g. by Pre-"
4225 "Depends. Default is true and therefore the \"old\" method of ordering in "
4226 "various steps by everything. While both method were present in earlier APT "
4227 "versions the <literal>OrderCritical</literal> method was unused, so this "
4228 "method is very experimental and needs further improvements before becoming "
4232 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
4233 #: apt.conf.5.xml:714
4236 "OrderList::Score {\n"
4238 "\tEssential 200;\n"
4240 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
4244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4245 #: apt.conf.5.xml:707
4247 "Essential packages (and there dependencies) should be configured immediately "
4248 "after unpacking. It will be a good idea to do this quite early in the "
4249 "upgrade process as these these configure calls require currently also "
4250 "<literal>DPkg::TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers "
4251 "(which maybe not needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the "
4252 "immediate flag is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is "
4253 "higher rated). These option and the others in the same group can be used to "
4254 "change the scoring. The following example shows the settings with there "
4255 "default values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4258 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4259 #: apt.conf.5.xml:727
4260 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
4263 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4264 #: apt.conf.5.xml:728
4266 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
4267 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by "
4268 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See header of this script for "
4269 "the brief documentation of these options."
4272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4273 #: apt.conf.5.xml:736
4274 msgid "Debug options"
4277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4278 #: apt.conf.5.xml:738
4280 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
4281 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
4282 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
4283 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
4284 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
4288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4289 #: apt.conf.5.xml:749
4291 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
4292 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
4296 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4297 #: apt.conf.5.xml:757
4299 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
4300 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
4301 "literal>) as a non-root user."
4304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4305 #: apt.conf.5.xml:766
4307 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
4308 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
4312 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
4314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4315 #: apt.conf.5.xml:774
4317 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
4321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4322 #: apt.conf.5.xml:784
4323 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
4326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4327 #: apt.conf.5.xml:793
4329 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
4332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4333 #: apt.conf.5.xml:804
4334 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
4337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4338 #: apt.conf.5.xml:815
4339 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
4342 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4343 #: apt.conf.5.xml:826
4344 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
4347 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4348 #: apt.conf.5.xml:837
4350 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
4351 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
4354 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4355 #: apt.conf.5.xml:848
4357 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
4358 "stored on CD-ROMs."
4361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4362 #: apt.conf.5.xml:858
4363 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
4366 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4367 #: apt.conf.5.xml:868
4369 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
4370 "literal> libraries."
4373 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4374 #: apt.conf.5.xml:878
4376 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
4377 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
4381 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4382 #: apt.conf.5.xml:889
4384 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
4385 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
4388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4389 #: apt.conf.5.xml:901
4390 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
4393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4394 #: apt.conf.5.xml:911
4396 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
4397 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
4400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4401 #: apt.conf.5.xml:921
4403 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
4404 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
4407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4408 #: apt.conf.5.xml:933
4410 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
4411 "index diffs instead of full indices."
4414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4415 #: apt.conf.5.xml:944
4417 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
4420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4421 #: apt.conf.5.xml:955
4423 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
4424 "the removal of unused packages."
4427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4428 #: apt.conf.5.xml:965
4430 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
4431 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
4432 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
4433 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
4434 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
4437 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4438 #: apt.conf.5.xml:979
4440 "Generate debug messages describing which package is marked as keep/install/"
4441 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
4442 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional space "
4443 "under the original entry. The format for each line is <literal>MarkKeep</"
4444 "literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or <literal>MarkInstall</literal> "
4445 "followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)"
4446 "</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is the current version of the "
4447 "package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version considered for installation "
4448 "and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, but not considered for "
4449 "installation (because of a low pin score). The later two can be omitted if "
4450 "there is none or if it is the same version as the installed. "
4451 "<literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package appears in."
4454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4455 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1001
4456 msgid "Dump the default configuration to standard error on startup."
4459 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4460 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1011
4462 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
4463 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
4466 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4467 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1022
4469 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
4470 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
4473 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4474 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1033
4476 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
4477 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
4480 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4481 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1045
4483 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
4486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4487 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1056
4488 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
4491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4492 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1066
4494 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
4495 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
4498 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4499 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1077
4501 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
4502 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
4503 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
4506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4507 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1089
4509 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
4513 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4514 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1112
4516 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
4520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
4521 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1119
4522 msgid "&file-aptconf;"
4525 #. ? reading apt.conf
4526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4527 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1124
4529 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
4530 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4533 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
4535 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
4536 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
4538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4539 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
4542 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4543 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4544 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4547 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4548 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4552 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
4555 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4556 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4557 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4558 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4559 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4560 "priority for installation. The APT preferences file overrides the "
4561 "priorities that APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the "
4562 "user control over which one is selected for installation."
4564 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4565 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4566 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4567 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4568 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4569 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4570 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4571 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4572 "selecionada para instalação."
4574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4575 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
4578 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4579 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4580 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4581 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences file does not affect the "
4582 "choice of instance, only the choice of version."
4584 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4585 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4586 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4587 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4588 "a escolha da instância."
4590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4591 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
4593 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4594 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4595 "not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to "
4596 "uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even "
4597 "more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without "
4598 "a good understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a "
4599 "specific release aren't tested in and therefore doesn't always work as "
4600 "expected in older or newer releases or together with other packages from "
4601 "different releases. You have been warned."
4604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4605 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
4607 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4608 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4609 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4610 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4611 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4612 "that it has ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the "
4613 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this "
4614 "case it will be silently ignored."
4617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4618 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
4620 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4621 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4623 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4624 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
4626 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4628 "<programlisting>\n"
4629 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4631 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4632 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
4634 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4636 "<programlisting>\n"
4637 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4640 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
4643 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4644 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4645 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4646 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4647 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4648 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4649 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4650 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4651 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4652 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4653 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4655 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4656 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4657 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4658 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4659 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4660 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4661 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4662 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4665 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
4668 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4670 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4671 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
4673 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4674 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4675 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4676 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4680 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
4682 msgid "priority 100"
4683 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4685 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4686 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
4688 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4689 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4690 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4691 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4695 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
4697 msgid "priority 500"
4698 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4701 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4704 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
4707 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
4709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4710 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
4712 msgid "priority 990"
4713 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4715 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4716 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
4719 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
4721 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4724 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
4727 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4728 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign: "
4729 "<placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
4731 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4732 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4736 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
4739 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4740 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4741 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4742 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4743 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4744 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4746 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4747 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4748 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4751 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
4754 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4755 "determine which version of a package to install."
4757 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4758 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4761 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
4764 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4765 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4766 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4767 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4768 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4770 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4771 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4772 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4773 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4774 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4775 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4778 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4780 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4781 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4784 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
4787 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4788 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4790 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4791 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4794 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
4797 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4798 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4799 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4801 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4802 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4803 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4806 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
4809 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4810 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4811 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4812 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4813 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4815 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4816 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4817 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4818 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4819 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4822 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4823 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
4826 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4827 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4828 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4829 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4831 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4832 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4833 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4834 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4835 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4837 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4838 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
4841 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4842 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4843 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4844 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4845 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4846 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4847 "than the installed version."
4849 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4850 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4851 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4852 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4853 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4854 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4855 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4858 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
4860 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4861 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4864 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
4867 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4868 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4869 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4870 "specific form and a general form."
4872 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4873 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4874 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4875 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4877 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4878 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
4881 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4882 "specified packages and specified version or version range. For example, the "
4883 "following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4884 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4885 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by spaces."
4887 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4888 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4889 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4890 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4891 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4893 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4894 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
4898 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4899 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4901 "<programlisting>\n"
4903 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4904 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4907 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
4910 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4911 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4912 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4913 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4914 "fully qualified domain name."
4916 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4917 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4918 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4919 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4920 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4923 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
4926 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4927 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4928 "all package versions available from the local site."
4930 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4931 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4932 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4936 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
4940 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4941 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4943 "<programlisting>\n"
4945 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4946 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4949 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
4951 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4952 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4953 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4954 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4957 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4958 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
4962 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4963 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4965 "<programlisting>\n"
4967 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4968 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4971 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4974 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4975 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4976 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4977 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4980 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4981 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4982 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4983 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4984 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4985 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4988 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4991 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4992 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4995 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4996 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4997 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
5000 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
5004 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5005 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5007 "<programlisting>\n"
5009 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5010 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5013 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
5016 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
5017 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
5020 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
5021 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
5022 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
5024 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
5025 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
5029 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5030 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5032 "<programlisting>\n"
5034 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5035 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5038 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
5041 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
5042 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
5043 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>3.0</literal>\"."
5045 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
5046 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
5047 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
5050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
5051 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
5055 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5056 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5058 "<programlisting>\n"
5060 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
5061 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5064 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
5065 msgid "Regular expressions and glob() syntax"
5068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5069 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
5071 "APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular expressions "
5072 "surrounded by /. For example, the following example assigns the priority 500 "
5073 "to all packages from experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob"
5074 "()-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular "
5075 "expression surrounded by slashes)."
5078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5079 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
5082 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
5083 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
5084 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5086 "<programlisting>\n"
5088 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5089 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5092 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
5094 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
5095 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
5096 "packages from a release starting with karmic."
5099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5100 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
5104 "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
5105 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
5107 "<programlisting>\n"
5109 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5110 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5113 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
5115 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
5116 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
5117 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
5118 "the future, thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
5119 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
5120 "Package field is not considered a glob() expression in itself."
5123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5124 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
5126 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
5127 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
5129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5130 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
5133 msgstr "P > 1000"
5135 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5136 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
5139 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
5142 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
5143 "dowgrade do pacote"
5145 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5146 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
5148 msgid "990 < P <=1000"
5149 msgstr "990 < P <=1000"
5151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5152 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
5155 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
5156 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
5158 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
5159 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5161 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5162 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
5164 msgid "500 < P <=990"
5165 msgstr "500 < P <=990"
5167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5168 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
5171 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5172 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
5174 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5175 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5178 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
5180 msgid "100 < P <=500"
5181 msgstr "100 < P <=500"
5183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5184 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
5187 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5188 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
5190 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5191 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
5194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5195 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
5197 msgid "0 < P <=100"
5198 msgstr "0 <= P <=100"
5200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5201 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
5204 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
5207 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
5208 "instalada do pacote"
5210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5211 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
5216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5217 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
5219 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
5220 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
5222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5223 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
5226 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
5227 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking): "
5228 "<placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
5230 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
5231 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
5232 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
5234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5235 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
5238 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
5239 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
5240 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
5241 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
5243 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
5244 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
5245 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
5246 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
5247 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
5248 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
5250 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5251 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
5254 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
5255 "presented earlier:"
5257 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
5258 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
5260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5261 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
5265 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5266 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5269 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5270 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5273 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5274 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5276 "<programlisting>\n"
5278 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5279 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5282 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5283 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5286 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5287 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5290 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
5294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5295 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
5298 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
5299 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
5300 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> 5.8* version of "
5301 "<literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version is 5.9*, then "
5302 "<literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
5304 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
5305 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
5306 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
5307 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
5308 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
5310 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5311 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
5314 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
5315 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
5316 "versions belonging to the target release."
5318 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
5319 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
5320 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
5322 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5323 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
5326 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
5327 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
5328 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
5329 "and no version of the package is already installed."
5331 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
5332 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
5333 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
5334 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
5337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5338 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
5340 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
5341 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
5343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5344 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
5347 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
5348 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
5349 "describe the packages available at that location."
5351 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
5352 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
5353 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
5355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5356 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
5358 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
5359 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
5361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5362 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
5364 msgid "gives the package name"
5365 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
5367 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5368 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
5370 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
5371 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
5373 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5374 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
5376 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
5377 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
5379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5380 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
5383 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5384 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
5385 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
5386 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
5387 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
5388 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
5389 "relevant for setting APT priorities: <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id="
5392 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
5393 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
5394 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
5395 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
5396 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
5397 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
5398 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
5401 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5402 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
5404 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
5405 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
5407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5408 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
5411 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5412 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
5413 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5414 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
5415 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
5418 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5419 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5420 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5421 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5422 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5423 "requerer a linha :"
5425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5426 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
5428 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5430 "<programlisting>\n"
5431 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5434 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
5436 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
5437 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5439 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5440 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
5443 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5444 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
5445 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5446 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
5447 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
5448 "preferences file would require the line:"
5450 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5451 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5452 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5453 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5454 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5455 "requerer a linha :"
5457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5458 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
5460 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5462 "<programlisting>\n"
5463 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5465 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5466 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
5469 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
5470 "belong to Debian GNU/Linux release version 3.0. Note that there is normally "
5471 "no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</"
5472 "literal> distributions because they have not been released yet. Specifying "
5473 "this in the APT preferences file would require one of the following lines."
5475 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
5476 "pertencer a distribuição Debian GNU/Linux versão 3.0. Note que normalmente "
5477 "não existe número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> "
5478 "e <literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas "
5479 "ainda. Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma "
5480 "das linhas a seguir."
5482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5483 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
5486 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5487 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5488 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5490 "<programlisting>\n"
5491 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5492 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
5493 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5496 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
5498 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
5499 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5502 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
5505 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5506 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5507 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5508 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5509 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5510 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5512 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5513 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5514 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5515 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5516 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5517 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5518 "requerer a linha :"
5520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5521 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
5523 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5525 "<programlisting>\n"
5526 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5529 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
5531 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5532 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5535 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
5538 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5539 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5540 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5543 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5544 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5545 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5546 "requerer a linha :"
5548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5549 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
5551 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5553 "<programlisting>\n"
5554 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5557 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
5559 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5560 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5563 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
5566 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5567 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5568 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5571 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5572 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5573 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5576 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
5578 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5580 "<programlisting>\n"
5581 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5584 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
5587 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5588 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
5589 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
5590 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
5591 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
5592 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
5593 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
5594 "relevant for setting APT priorities: <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id="
5597 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
5598 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
5599 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
5600 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
5601 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
5602 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
5603 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
5604 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
5607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5608 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
5611 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5612 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5613 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5614 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5615 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5616 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5617 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5618 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5619 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5620 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5622 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5623 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5624 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5625 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5626 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5627 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5628 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5629 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5630 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5631 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5634 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
5636 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5637 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5640 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
5643 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5644 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5645 "provides a place for comments."
5647 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5648 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5649 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5651 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5652 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
5654 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5655 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5658 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
5661 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5662 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5664 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5665 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5668 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5669 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5671 "<programlisting>\n"
5672 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5673 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5675 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5676 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5679 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5680 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5683 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
5686 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5687 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5688 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5689 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5690 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5692 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5693 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5694 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5695 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5696 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5699 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
5700 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
5703 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5705 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5707 "<programlisting>\n"
5708 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5710 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5713 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
5716 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5717 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5718 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5721 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5722 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5723 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5725 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5726 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
5728 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5730 "<programlisting>\n"
5731 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5734 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
5737 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5738 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5739 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5740 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5742 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5743 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5744 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5746 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5747 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
5749 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5750 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5753 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
5757 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5758 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5761 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5762 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5765 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5766 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5768 "<programlisting>\n"
5770 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5771 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5774 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5775 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5778 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5779 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5782 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
5785 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5786 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5787 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5788 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5789 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5790 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5792 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5793 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5794 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5795 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5796 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5799 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
5802 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5803 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5804 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5807 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5808 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a"
5809 "(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5812 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
5814 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5816 "<programlisting>\n"
5817 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5820 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
5823 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5824 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5825 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5826 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5827 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5828 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5829 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5831 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5832 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5833 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5834 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5835 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5836 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5837 "recente que a versão instalada."
5839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5840 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
5841 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5845 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
5848 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5849 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5851 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5852 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5854 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5856 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5857 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5860 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5861 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5863 "<programlisting>\n"
5864 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5865 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5867 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5868 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5871 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5872 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5875 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
5877 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5878 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5879 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5880 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5881 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5882 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5883 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5884 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5885 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5886 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5890 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
5893 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5894 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5895 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5896 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5898 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5899 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5900 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5902 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5903 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
5905 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5907 "<programlisting>\n"
5908 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5911 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
5914 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5915 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5916 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5917 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5918 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5919 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5920 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5922 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5923 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5924 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5925 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5926 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5927 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5928 "recente que a versão instalada."
5930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
5931 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:700
5933 msgid "&file-preferences;"
5934 msgstr "apt_preferences"
5936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5937 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
5939 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5940 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5942 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5943 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
5944 msgid "Package resource list for APT"
5947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5948 #: sources.list.5.xml:37
5950 "The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package "
5951 "distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page "
5952 "documents only the packaging system used by the Debian GNU/Linux system. "
5953 "This control file is <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>."
5956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5957 #: sources.list.5.xml:42
5959 "The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a "
5960 "variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most "
5961 "preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: <literal>type uri "
5962 "args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal> determines the format "
5963 "for <literal>args</literal>. <literal>uri</literal> is a Universal Resource "
5964 "Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known "
5965 "Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a "
5966 "comment by using a #."
5969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5970 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
5971 msgid "sources.list.d"
5974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5975 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
5977 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5978 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5979 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5980 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5981 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5982 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file "
5983 "doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5984 "configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored."
5987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5988 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5989 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5992 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5993 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5995 "The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian "
5996 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically, "
5997 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archivename like "
5998 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5999 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
6000 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> <literal>contrib</"
6001 "literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-src</literal> type "
6002 "describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the "
6003 "<literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required "
6004 "to fetch source indexes."
6007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6008 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
6010 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
6011 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
6014 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6015 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
6017 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
6020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6021 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
6023 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
6024 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
6025 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
6026 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
6027 "a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section "
6028 "of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If <literal>distribution</"
6029 "literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one <literal>component</"
6030 "literal> must be present."
6033 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6034 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
6036 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
6037 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, "
6038 "powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent "
6039 "<filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only "
6040 "of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will "
6041 "automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise."
6044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6045 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
6047 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
6048 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
6049 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
6050 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
6051 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
6052 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
6053 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
6054 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
6055 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
6056 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
6059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6060 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
6062 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surounded by "
6063 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
6064 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
6065 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
6066 "following settings are supported by APT, note though that unsupported "
6067 "settings will be ignored silently:"
6070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6071 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
6073 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
6074 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
6075 "packages information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
6076 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
6077 "will be downloaded."
6080 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6081 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
6083 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
6084 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
6085 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
6086 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
6087 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
6088 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
6091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6092 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
6094 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
6095 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
6096 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
6097 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
6100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6101 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
6103 msgid "Some examples:"
6106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6107 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
6110 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
6111 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
6115 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6116 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
6117 msgid "URI specification"
6120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6121 #: sources.list.5.xml:146
6125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6126 #: sources.list.5.xml:148
6128 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
6129 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
6133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6134 #: sources.list.5.xml:153
6138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6139 #: sources.list.5.xml:155
6141 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CDROM drive with media swapping. "
6142 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
6145 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6146 #: sources.list.5.xml:160
6150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6151 #: sources.list.5.xml:162
6153 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
6154 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
6155 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
6156 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
6157 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
6161 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6162 #: sources.list.5.xml:171
6166 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6167 #: sources.list.5.xml:173
6169 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
6170 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
6171 "Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
6172 "envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http "
6173 "proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this "
6174 "method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be "
6178 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6179 #: sources.list.5.xml:182
6183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6184 #: sources.list.5.xml:184
6186 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
6187 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
6188 "This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT."
6191 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6192 #: sources.list.5.xml:189
6196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6197 #: sources.list.5.xml:189
6201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6202 #: sources.list.5.xml:191
6204 "The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given "
6205 "user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with "
6206 "RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard "
6207 "<command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> commands to perform the "
6208 "file transfers from the remote."
6211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6212 #: sources.list.5.xml:199
6213 msgid "more recognizable URI types"
6216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6217 #: sources.list.5.xml:201
6219 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages "
6220 "which should follow the nameing scheme <literal>apt-transport-"
6221 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></literal>. The APT team e.g. maintains "
6222 "also the <literal>apt-transport-https</literal> package which provides "
6223 "access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but "
6224 "other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see "
6225 "<citerefentry> <refentrytitle><filename>apt-transport-debtorrent</filename></"
6226 "refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6229 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6230 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
6232 "The currently recognized URI types are cdrom, file, http, ftp, copy, ssh, "
6233 "rsh. <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
6236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6237 #: sources.list.5.xml:215
6239 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
6240 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
6243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6244 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
6246 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
6249 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6250 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
6251 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
6254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6255 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
6257 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6261 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
6262 msgid "Source line for the above"
6265 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6266 #: sources.list.5.xml:223
6268 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6272 #: sources.list.5.xml:225
6274 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
6275 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
6276 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
6279 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6280 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
6283 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
6284 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
6287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6288 #: sources.list.5.xml:230
6290 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
6294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6295 #: sources.list.5.xml:232
6297 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
6300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6301 #: sources.list.5.xml:234
6303 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6304 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
6307 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6308 #: sources.list.5.xml:236
6310 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
6313 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6314 #: sources.list.5.xml:238
6316 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6317 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
6318 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
6319 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
6322 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6323 #: sources.list.5.xml:242
6325 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6329 #: sources.list.5.xml:251
6331 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6334 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6335 #: sources.list.5.xml:244
6337 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6338 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6339 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6340 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6341 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6342 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6346 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6347 #: sources.list.5.xml:256
6349 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
6350 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6352 #. type: <title></title>
6354 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6357 #. type: <author></author>
6358 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6359 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6362 #. type: <version></version>
6364 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6367 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6370 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6373 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6375 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6379 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6381 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6382 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6383 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6384 "or (at your option) any later version."
6388 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6390 "For more details, on Debian GNU/Linux systems, see the file /usr/share/"
6391 "common-licenses/GPL for the full license."
6394 #. type: <heading></heading>
6402 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6403 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6404 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6405 "packages from the Internet."
6408 #. type: <heading></heading>
6410 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6416 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6417 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6418 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6424 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6425 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6426 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6427 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6428 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6434 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6435 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6436 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6443 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6444 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6445 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6446 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6452 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6453 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6454 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6455 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6456 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6457 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6458 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6459 "other mail transport agents."
6465 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6466 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6467 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6468 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6469 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6470 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6471 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6472 "trying to manually fix packages."
6478 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6479 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6480 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6481 "packages for installation."
6484 #. type: <heading></heading>
6492 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6493 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6494 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6495 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6501 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6502 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6503 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6504 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6505 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6509 #. type: <example></example>
6513 "# apt-get update\n"
6514 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6515 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6516 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6517 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6520 #. type: <p><taglist>
6522 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6525 #. type: <tag></tag>
6533 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6534 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6535 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6536 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6537 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6538 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6539 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6542 #. type: <tag></tag>
6550 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6551 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6552 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6553 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6554 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6555 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6556 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6559 #. type: <tag></tag>
6561 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6567 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6568 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6569 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6570 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6571 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6572 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6573 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6579 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6580 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6586 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6587 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6588 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6589 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6590 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6591 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6592 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6595 #. type: <heading></heading>
6603 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6604 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6605 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6612 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6613 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6614 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6615 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CDROMs. Each source can "
6616 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6617 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CDROM then it "
6618 "is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6619 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6620 "your CDROM before downloading from the Internet."
6623 #. type: <example></example>
6627 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6629 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6630 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6633 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6634 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6635 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6638 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6644 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6645 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6649 #. type: <example></example>
6653 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6654 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6655 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6657 " Distribution [stable]:"
6663 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6664 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6665 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6666 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6667 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6668 "into the US is legal however."
6671 #. type: <example></example>
6675 " Please give the components to get\n"
6676 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6678 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6684 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6685 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6686 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6687 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6693 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6694 "until you have specified all that you want."
6700 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6701 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6702 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6703 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6704 "tt> has been run before."
6710 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6711 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6712 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6719 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6720 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6721 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6724 #. type: <heading></heading>
6726 msgid "The Interface"
6732 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6733 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6734 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6735 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6736 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6737 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6738 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6739 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6742 #. type: <heading></heading>
6750 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6751 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6752 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6756 #. type: <example></example>
6761 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6762 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6768 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6769 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6770 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6771 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6777 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6778 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6779 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6780 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6783 #. type: <example></example>
6788 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6789 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6790 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6791 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6792 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6793 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6794 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6795 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6796 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6797 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6798 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6799 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6800 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6801 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6807 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6808 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6809 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6810 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6811 "problem is also included."
6817 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6818 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6819 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6820 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6821 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6822 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6829 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6830 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6831 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6832 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6833 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6834 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6840 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6841 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6842 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6843 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6844 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6847 #. type: <heading></heading>
6849 msgid "The Status Report"
6855 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6856 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6857 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6858 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6859 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6862 #. type: <heading></heading>
6864 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6867 #. type: <example></example>
6871 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6872 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6873 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6874 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6875 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6882 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6883 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6884 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6885 "result of an Auto Install."
6888 #. type: <heading></heading>
6890 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6893 #. type: <example></example>
6897 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6898 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6899 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6900 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6907 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6908 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6909 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6910 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6911 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6912 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6913 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6916 #. type: <heading></heading>
6918 msgid "The New Packages list"
6921 #. type: <example></example>
6925 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6926 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6932 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6933 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6937 #. type: <heading></heading>
6939 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6942 #. type: <example></example>
6946 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6947 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6948 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6954 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6955 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6956 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6957 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6958 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6959 "to resolve their problems."
6962 #. type: <heading></heading>
6964 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6967 #. type: <example></example>
6971 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6978 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6979 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6980 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6983 #. type: <heading></heading>
6985 msgid "Final summary"
6991 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6994 #. type: <example></example>
6998 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6999 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
7000 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
7006 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
7007 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
7008 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
7009 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
7010 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
7011 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
7012 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
7013 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
7014 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
7015 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
7016 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
7017 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
7018 "the amount of space that will be freed."
7024 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
7025 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
7028 #. type: <heading></heading>
7030 msgid "The Status Display"
7036 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
7040 #. type: <example></example>
7044 "# apt-get update\n"
7045 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7046 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7047 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7048 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7049 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7050 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
7056 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
7057 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
7058 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
7059 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
7060 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
7067 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
7068 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
7069 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
7070 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
7071 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
7072 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
7073 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
7079 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
7080 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
7081 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
7082 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
7083 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
7084 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
7085 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
7086 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
7087 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
7088 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
7089 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
7090 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
7097 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7098 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7099 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7100 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7104 #. type: <heading></heading>
7112 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7113 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7114 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7115 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7116 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7117 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7120 #. type: <title></title>
7122 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7125 #. type: <version></version>
7127 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7130 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7133 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7134 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7137 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7139 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7142 #. type: <heading></heading>
7144 msgid "Introduction"
7147 #. type: <heading></heading>
7148 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7155 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7156 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7157 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7158 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7164 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7165 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7166 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7167 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7168 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7169 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7170 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7171 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7172 "bad or no connection."
7178 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7179 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7180 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7181 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7184 #. type: <heading></heading>
7186 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7189 #. type: <p><example>
7192 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7193 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7194 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7195 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7198 #. type: <example></example>
7212 #. type: <heading></heading>
7214 msgid "The configuration file"
7220 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7221 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7222 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7223 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7224 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7225 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7228 #. type: <p><example>
7231 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7235 #. type: <example></example>
7241 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7242 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7243 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7245 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7250 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7251 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7252 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7253 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7255 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7256 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7257 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7259 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7260 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7264 #. type: </example></p>
7267 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7268 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7271 #. type: <p><example>
7274 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7275 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7276 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7277 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7278 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7281 #. type: <example></example>
7285 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7286 " # apt-get update\n"
7287 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7288 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7289 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7292 #. type: </example></p>
7295 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7296 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7297 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7298 "your selections back to the local computer."
7301 #. type: <p><example>
7304 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7305 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7308 #. type: <example></example>
7312 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7313 " # apt-get check\n"
7314 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7315 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7316 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7322 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7323 "local one. This is very important!"
7329 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7330 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7331 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7332 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7333 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7336 #. type: <heading></heading>
7338 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7344 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7345 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7346 "already has a list of available packages."
7352 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7353 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7354 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7358 #. type: <heading></heading>
7364 #. type: <p><example>
7367 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7368 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7371 #. type: <example></example>
7375 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7376 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7377 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7378 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7381 #. type: </example></p>
7384 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7391 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7392 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7393 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7394 "output on the disc."
7397 #. type: <p><example>
7399 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7402 #. type: <example></example>
7407 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7411 #. type: </example><example>
7414 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7415 "installation can proceed using,"
7418 #. type: <example></example>
7421 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7424 #. type: </example></p>
7426 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7430 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7431 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7435 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7436 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7437 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7438 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7440 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7441 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7443 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7445 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7446 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7447 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7452 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7453 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7454 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7455 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7459 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7460 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7464 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7465 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7466 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7467 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7469 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7470 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7471 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7472 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7477 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7478 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7479 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7480 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7482 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7483 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7484 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7485 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7487 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7488 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7489 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7490 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7491 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7492 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7494 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7495 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7496 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7497 #~ "configuration \n"
7498 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7499 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7502 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7503 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7504 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7505 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7507 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7508 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7509 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7510 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7512 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7513 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7514 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7515 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7516 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7517 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7518 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7520 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7521 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7522 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7523 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7524 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7527 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7528 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"
projects / apt.git / blob