1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
13 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-04 14:00+0300\n"
14 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
15 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
16 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
19 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
20 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
26 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
28 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
29 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
38 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
40 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
49 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
50 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
51 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
52 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
53 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
54 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
55 " &reportbug; command.\n"
61 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
63 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
64 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
65 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
72 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
73 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
74 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
75 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
81 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
83 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
90 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
91 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
92 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
93 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
94 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
95 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
106 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
107 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
108 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
119 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
120 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
121 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
122 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
123 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
124 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
125 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
136 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
137 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
138 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
139 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
140 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
141 " times to set different options.\n"
152 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
153 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
154 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
155 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
156 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
157 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
158 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
159 " or several other variations.\n"
165 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
166 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
167 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
168 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
169 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
176 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
177 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
178 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
179 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
187 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
188 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
189 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
198 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
199 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
200 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
201 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
209 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
210 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
211 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
220 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
221 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
222 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
223 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
224 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
225 " from a separate source\n"
226 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
227 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
235 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
236 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
237 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
246 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
247 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
248 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
249 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
257 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
258 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
259 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
268 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
269 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
270 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
272 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
280 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
281 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
282 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
291 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
292 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
293 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
294 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
302 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
303 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
304 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
305 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
314 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
315 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
316 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
317 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
318 " </para></listitem>\n"
327 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
328 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
329 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
330 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
336 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
337 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
338 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
339 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
340 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
341 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
342 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
345 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
346 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
347 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
354 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
355 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
356 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
357 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
358 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
359 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
360 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
361 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
362 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
369 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
370 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
376 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
377 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
383 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
384 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
385 "\"target_release\">"
391 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
392 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
398 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
399 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
405 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
406 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
412 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
413 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
419 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
420 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
426 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
427 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
433 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
434 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
435 "\"temporary_directory\">"
441 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
442 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
448 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
449 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
455 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
456 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
463 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
464 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
471 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
472 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
478 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
479 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
483 #: apt-get.8.xml:26 apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-key.8.xml:25 apt-mark.8.xml:26
484 #: apt-secure.8.xml:25 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26
488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
489 #: apt-get.8.xml:27 apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-key.8.xml:26 apt-mark.8.xml:27
490 #: apt-secure.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
491 #: apt.conf.5.xml:32 apt_preferences.5.xml:26 sources.list.5.xml:27
492 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27
496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
498 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
502 #: apt-get.8.xml:38 apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-key.8.xml:37 apt-mark.8.xml:38
503 #: apt-secure.8.xml:50 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
504 #: apt.conf.5.xml:41 apt_preferences.5.xml:36 sources.list.5.xml:36
505 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38
510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
513 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
514 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
515 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
516 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
520 #: apt-get.8.xml:44 apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-cdrom.8.xml:51 apt-config.8.xml:44
521 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54
523 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
524 "one of the commands below must be present."
527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
530 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
531 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
532 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
533 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
534 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
535 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
536 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
537 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
538 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
544 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
545 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
546 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
547 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
548 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
549 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
550 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
551 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
552 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
553 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
559 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
560 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
561 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
562 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
563 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
564 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
565 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
566 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
567 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
568 "individual packages."
571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
574 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
575 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
576 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
577 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
578 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
585 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
586 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
587 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
588 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
589 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the package"
590 "(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. The "
591 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
592 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
593 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
594 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
595 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
596 "get's conflict resolution system."
599 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
602 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
603 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
604 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
605 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
606 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
607 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
613 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
620 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
621 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
622 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
623 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
624 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
625 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
626 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
632 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
633 "installation policy for individual packages."
636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
639 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
640 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
641 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
642 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
643 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
644 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
651 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
652 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
653 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
654 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
655 "installed instead of removed."
658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
661 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
662 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
669 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
670 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
671 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
672 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
673 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
674 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
675 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
681 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
682 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
683 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
684 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
685 "versions or none at all."
688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
691 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
692 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
693 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
694 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
695 "package will not be unpacked."
698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
701 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
702 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
703 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
704 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
711 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
712 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
713 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
719 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
720 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
721 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
722 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
723 "option> option instead."
726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
729 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
730 "and checks for broken dependencies."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
736 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
743 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
744 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
745 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
746 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
747 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
748 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
755 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
756 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
757 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
758 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
759 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
760 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
764 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
767 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
768 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
769 "now no longer needed."
772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
775 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
776 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
777 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
778 "variable (e.g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs\">packages."
779 "debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://changelogs."
780 "ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> for "
781 "Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
782 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
783 "<option>install</option> command."
786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
787 #: apt-get.8.xml:258 apt-cache.8.xml:248 apt-mark.8.xml:108
788 #: apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
789 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504
793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
796 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
797 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
803 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
804 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
810 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
811 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
817 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
818 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
819 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
820 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
821 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
822 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
823 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
824 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
825 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
826 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
827 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
833 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
834 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
835 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
836 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
837 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
838 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
839 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
845 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
846 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
847 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
853 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
854 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
855 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
856 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
857 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
858 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
859 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
862 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
865 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
866 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
867 "Simulate</literal>."
870 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
873 "Simulated runs performed as a user will automatically deactivate locking "
874 "(<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>), and if the option <literal>APT::Get::"
875 "Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (as it is by default) a notice "
876 "will also be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation. Runs "
877 "performed as root do not trigger either NoLocking or the notice - superusers "
878 "should know what they are doing without further warnings from <literal>apt-"
882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
885 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
886 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
887 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
888 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
889 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
892 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
895 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
896 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
897 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
898 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
899 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
902 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
905 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
906 "Assume-No</literal>."
909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
912 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
913 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
919 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
920 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
926 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
927 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
928 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
929 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
930 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
931 "Architecture</literal>"
934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
937 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
938 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
944 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
945 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
946 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
947 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
950 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
953 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
954 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
955 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
956 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
959 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
962 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
963 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
964 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
965 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
971 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
972 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
973 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
974 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
975 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
981 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
982 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
983 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
984 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
985 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
986 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
987 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
988 "Print-URIs</literal>."
991 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
994 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
995 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
996 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
997 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
1000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1001 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
1003 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
1004 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
1007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1008 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
1010 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
1011 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
1012 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
1013 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
1014 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1015 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
1018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1019 #: apt-get.8.xml:450
1021 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
1022 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
1023 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
1024 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
1025 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
1026 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
1027 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
1028 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
1029 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
1032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1033 #: apt-get.8.xml:465
1035 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
1036 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
1037 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
1038 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
1041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1042 #: apt-get.8.xml:472
1044 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
1045 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
1048 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1049 #: apt-get.8.xml:478
1051 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
1052 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
1053 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
1054 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
1057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1058 #: apt-get.8.xml:485
1060 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
1061 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
1062 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
1063 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
1064 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
1065 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
1069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1070 #: apt-get.8.xml:496
1072 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
1073 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
1074 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
1077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1078 #: apt-get.8.xml:502
1080 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
1081 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
1084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1085 #: apt-get.8.xml:507
1087 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
1088 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1089 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
1092 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1093 #: apt-get.8.xml:518 apt-cache.8.xml:343 apt-key.8.xml:174 apt-mark.8.xml:125
1094 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1118 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1099 #: apt-get.8.xml:528 apt-cache.8.xml:350 apt-key.8.xml:195 apt-mark.8.xml:131
1100 #: apt-secure.8.xml:192 apt-cdrom.8.xml:144 apt-config.8.xml:109
1101 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1124 apt_preferences.5.xml:705 sources.list.5.xml:252
1102 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63
1103 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607
1106 msgstr "Consulte também"
1108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1109 #: apt-get.8.xml:529
1111 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
1112 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
1113 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
1116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1117 #: apt-get.8.xml:534 apt-cache.8.xml:355 apt-mark.8.xml:135
1118 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:149 apt-config.8.xml:114 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74
1119 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611
1123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1124 #: apt-get.8.xml:535
1126 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
1130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1131 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
1132 msgid "query the APT cache"
1135 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1136 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
1138 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
1139 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
1140 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
1141 "output from the package metadata."
1144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1145 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
1147 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
1148 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
1151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1152 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
1153 #: apt-cache.8.xml:185 apt-cache.8.xml:190 apt-cache.8.xml:206
1154 #: apt-cache.8.xml:224 apt-cache.8.xml:236
1155 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
1158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1159 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
1161 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
1162 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
1163 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
1164 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
1165 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
1166 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
1167 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
1168 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
1169 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
1172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1173 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
1176 "Package: libreadline2\n"
1177 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
1178 "Reverse Depends: \n"
1179 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
1180 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
1182 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
1185 "Reverse Provides: \n"
1188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1189 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
1191 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
1192 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
1193 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
1194 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
1195 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
1196 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
1197 "best to consult the apt source code."
1200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1201 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
1203 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
1204 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
1207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1208 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
1210 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
1214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1215 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
1217 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
1218 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
1219 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
1220 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
1223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1224 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
1226 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1227 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
1228 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
1229 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
1230 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
1231 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
1234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1235 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
1237 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
1238 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
1239 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
1240 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
1243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1244 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
1246 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1247 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
1248 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
1249 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
1252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1253 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
1255 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
1256 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
1257 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
1258 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
1259 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
1262 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1263 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
1265 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
1266 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
1267 "total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
1268 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
1269 "larger than the number of total package names."
1272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1273 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
1275 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
1276 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
1279 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1280 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
1282 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
1283 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
1284 "records that declare the name to be a binary package."
1287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1288 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
1290 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
1291 "It is primarily for debugging."
1294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1295 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
1297 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
1298 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
1301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1302 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
1304 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
1308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1309 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
1311 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
1312 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
1315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1316 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
1317 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
1320 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1321 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
1323 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
1324 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
1325 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
1326 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
1327 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
1328 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
1329 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
1330 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
1333 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1334 #: apt-cache.8.xml:181
1336 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
1340 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1341 #: apt-cache.8.xml:186
1343 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
1344 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
1347 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1348 #: apt-cache.8.xml:191
1350 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
1354 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1355 #: apt-cache.8.xml:195
1357 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
1359 "<programlisting>\n"
1360 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1363 #: apt-cache.8.xml:196
1365 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
1366 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
1367 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
1368 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
1372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1373 #: apt-cache.8.xml:201
1375 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
1376 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
1377 "the generated list."
1380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1381 #: apt-cache.8.xml:207
1383 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
1384 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1385 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
1386 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
1387 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
1388 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
1389 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
1390 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
1393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1394 #: apt-cache.8.xml:216
1396 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
1397 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
1398 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
1399 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
1402 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1403 #: apt-cache.8.xml:221
1404 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
1407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1408 #: apt-cache.8.xml:225
1410 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
1411 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
1414 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1415 #: apt-cache.8.xml:229
1417 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
1419 "<programlisting>\n"
1420 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1423 #: apt-cache.8.xml:230
1425 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
1426 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
1427 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
1428 "selection of the named package."
1431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1432 #: apt-cache.8.xml:237
1434 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
1435 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
1436 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
1437 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
1438 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
1439 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
1440 "Architecture</literal>)."
1443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1444 #: apt-cache.8.xml:253
1446 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
1447 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
1448 "pkgcache</literal>."
1451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1452 #: apt-cache.8.xml:259
1454 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
1455 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
1456 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
1457 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
1458 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
1461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1462 #: apt-cache.8.xml:267
1464 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1465 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1466 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
1467 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1471 #: apt-cache.8.xml:274
1473 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
1474 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
1475 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
1478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1479 #: apt-cache.8.xml:288
1481 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
1482 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1483 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1484 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1485 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1489 #: apt-cache.8.xml:295
1491 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1492 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1496 #: apt-cache.8.xml:300
1498 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1499 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1500 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1501 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1502 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1503 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1507 #: apt-cache.8.xml:309
1509 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1510 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1511 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1514 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1515 #: apt-cache.8.xml:315
1517 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1518 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1522 #: apt-cache.8.xml:320
1524 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1525 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1526 "AllNames</literal>."
1529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1530 #: apt-cache.8.xml:326
1532 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1533 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1534 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1537 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1538 #: apt-cache.8.xml:333
1540 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1541 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1542 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1546 #: apt-cache.8.xml:351
1547 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1551 #: apt-cache.8.xml:356
1553 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1557 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1559 msgid "APT key management utility"
1562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1565 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
1566 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
1567 "keys will be considered trusted."
1570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1578 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
1579 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
1580 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
1583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1585 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
1588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1590 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
1593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1595 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
1598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1600 msgid "List trusted keys."
1603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1604 #: apt-key.8.xml:107
1605 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
1608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1609 #: apt-key.8.xml:118
1611 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
1615 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1616 #: apt-key.8.xml:130
1618 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
1619 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
1620 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
1621 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
1625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1626 #: apt-key.8.xml:144
1628 "Work similar to the <command>update</command> command above, but get the "
1629 "archive keyring from an URI instead and validate it against a master key. "
1630 "This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have a "
1631 "server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. APT in Debian does "
1632 "not support this command and relies on <command>update</command> instead, "
1633 "but Ubuntu's APT does."
1636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1637 #: apt-key.8.xml:160 apt-cdrom.8.xml:80
1641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1642 #: apt-key.8.xml:161
1644 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
1648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1649 #: apt-key.8.xml:164
1651 "With this option it is possible to specify a specific keyring file the "
1652 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
1653 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
1654 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
1655 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
1659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1660 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
1662 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
1663 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
1665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1666 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
1667 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
1670 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1671 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
1672 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
1675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1676 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
1677 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
1680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1681 #: apt-key.8.xml:187
1683 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
1686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1687 #: apt-key.8.xml:188
1688 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
1691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1692 #: apt-key.8.xml:197
1694 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
1695 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1698 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
1699 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
1702 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1703 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
1705 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
1706 "being automatically installed."
1709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1710 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
1712 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
1713 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
1714 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
1715 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
1716 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
1719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1720 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
1722 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
1723 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
1724 "installed packages depend on this package."
1727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1728 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
1730 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
1731 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
1732 "if no other packages depend on it."
1735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1736 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
1738 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as hold back, which will "
1739 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
1740 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
1741 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
1742 "effected by the <option>--file</option> option."
1745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1746 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
1748 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
1749 "package to allow all actions again."
1752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1753 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
1755 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
1756 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
1757 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
1758 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
1761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1762 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
1764 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
1765 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
1766 "installed packages instead."
1769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1770 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
1772 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
1773 "the same way as for the other show commands."
1776 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1777 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
1779 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
1780 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
1781 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
1782 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
1785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1786 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136
1788 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
1792 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1793 #: apt-secure.8.xml:47
1794 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
1797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1798 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52
1800 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
1801 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
1802 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
1803 "the Release file signing key."
1806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1807 #: apt-secure.8.xml:60
1809 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature or with a signature "
1810 "that apt does not have a key for that package is considered untrusted and "
1811 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
1812 "currently only warn for unsigned archives, future releases might force all "
1813 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
1816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1817 #: apt-secure.8.xml:69
1819 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
1820 "authentication feature."
1823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1824 #: apt-secure.8.xml:74
1825 msgid "Trusted archives"
1828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1829 #: apt-secure.8.xml:77
1831 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of "
1832 "different steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this "
1833 "chain, trusting an archive does not mean that the packages that you trust it "
1834 "do not contain malicious code but means that you trust the archive "
1835 "maintainer. It's the archive maintainer responsibility to ensure that the "
1836 "archive integrity is correct."
1839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1840 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
1842 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
1843 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
1844 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
1845 "packages respectively)."
1848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1849 #: apt-secure.8.xml:92
1851 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
1852 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. This upload in order to "
1853 "become effective needs to be signed by a key of a maintainer within the "
1854 "Debian maintainer's keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). "
1855 "Maintainer's keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established "
1856 "procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder."
1859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1860 #: apt-secure.8.xml:102
1862 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
1863 "maintainer signature is stripped off, an MD5 sum of the package is computed "
1864 "and put in the Packages file. The MD5 sum of all of the packages files are "
1865 "then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is then signed "
1866 "by the archive key (which is created once a year) and distributed through "
1867 "the FTP server. This key is also on the Debian keyring."
1870 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1871 #: apt-secure.8.xml:112
1873 "Any end user can check the signature of the Release file, extract the MD5 "
1874 "sum of a package from it and compare it with the MD5 sum of the package he "
1875 "downloaded. Prior to version 0.6 only the MD5 sum of the downloaded Debian "
1876 "package was checked. Now both the MD5 sum and the signature of the Release "
1880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1881 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
1883 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
1884 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
1887 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1888 #: apt-secure.8.xml:124
1890 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
1891 "checking, a malicious agent can introduce himself in the package download "
1892 "process and provide malicious software either by controlling a network "
1893 "element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue server "
1894 "(through arp or DNS spoofing attacks)."
1897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1898 #: apt-secure.8.xml:132
1900 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
1901 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
1902 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
1906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1907 #: apt-secure.8.xml:139
1909 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
1910 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
1911 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
1912 "package signature."
1915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1916 #: apt-secure.8.xml:145
1917 msgid "User configuration"
1920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1921 #: apt-secure.8.xml:147
1923 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
1924 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys although an installation of "
1925 "this release will automatically provide the default Debian archive signing "
1926 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
1929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1930 #: apt-secure.8.xml:154
1932 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
1933 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
1934 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
1935 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
1936 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
1940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1941 #: apt-secure.8.xml:163
1942 msgid "Archive configuration"
1945 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1946 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
1948 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
1949 "maintenance you have to:"
1952 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1953 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
1955 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
1956 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
1957 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
1960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1961 #: apt-secure.8.xml:175
1963 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
1964 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
1965 "gpg Release</command>."
1968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1969 #: apt-secure.8.xml:179
1971 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
1972 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
1976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1977 #: apt-secure.8.xml:186
1979 "Whenever the contents of the archive changes (new packages are added or "
1980 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps previously "
1984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1985 #: apt-secure.8.xml:194
1987 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
1988 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
1991 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1992 #: apt-secure.8.xml:198
1994 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
1995 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
1996 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
1997 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1998 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
1999 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
2002 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2003 #: apt-secure.8.xml:211
2004 msgid "Manpage Authors"
2007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2008 #: apt-secure.8.xml:213
2010 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
2011 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
2014 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2015 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
2016 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
2019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2020 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
2022 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
2023 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
2024 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
2025 "burns and verifying the index files."
2028 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2029 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
2031 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
2032 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
2033 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
2036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2037 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
2039 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
2040 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
2041 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
2042 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
2046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2047 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
2049 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
2050 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
2054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2055 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
2057 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
2061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2062 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:85
2064 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
2065 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
2066 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
2069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2070 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:94
2072 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
2073 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
2074 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
2077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2078 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:103
2080 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
2081 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
2082 "NoMount</literal>."
2085 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2086 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:111
2088 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
2089 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
2090 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
2091 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
2094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2095 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:121
2097 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
2098 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
2099 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
2102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2103 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:132
2105 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
2106 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
2107 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
2110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2111 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:145
2113 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
2114 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2117 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:150
2119 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2124 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
2125 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
2128 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2129 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
2131 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
2132 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
2133 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
2134 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
2137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2138 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
2140 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
2141 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
2142 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
2143 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
2147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
2148 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
2152 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
2156 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2157 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
2159 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
2160 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
2163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2164 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
2166 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
2167 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
2168 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
2171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2172 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
2173 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
2176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2177 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
2179 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
2180 "empty to remove them from the output."
2183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
2184 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
2185 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
2188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2189 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
2191 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
2192 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
2193 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
2194 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
2195 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
2196 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
2199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2200 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
2201 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
2209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2210 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
2212 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
2217 #: apt.conf.5.xml:20
2218 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
2221 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
2222 #: apt.conf.5.xml:21
2223 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
2226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
2227 #: apt.conf.5.xml:31 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
2231 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2232 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
2233 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
2236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2237 #: apt.conf.5.xml:42
2239 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file for the APT "
2240 "suite of tools, but by far not the only place changes to options can be "
2241 "made. All tools therefore share the configuration files and also use a "
2242 "common command line parser to provide a uniform environment."
2245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
2246 #: apt.conf.5.xml:47
2248 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
2252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2253 #: apt.conf.5.xml:49
2255 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
2259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2260 #: apt.conf.5.xml:51
2262 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
2263 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
2264 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
2265 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
2266 "ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
2267 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this case it will be "
2271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2272 #: apt.conf.5.xml:58
2274 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
2277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2278 #: apt.conf.5.xml:60
2280 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
2281 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
2284 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2285 #: apt.conf.5.xml:64
2289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2290 #: apt.conf.5.xml:65
2292 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
2293 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
2294 "notation, for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
2295 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
2296 "their parent groups."
2299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2300 #: apt.conf.5.xml:71
2302 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
2303 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
2304 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
2305 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
2306 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The trailing "
2307 "semicolon and the quotes are required. The value must be on one line, and "
2308 "there is no kind of string concatenation. It must not include inside "
2309 "quotes. The behavior of the backslash \"\\\" and escaped characters inside "
2310 "a value is undefined and it should not be used. An option name may include "
2311 "alphanumerical characters and the \"/-:._+\" characters. A new scope can be "
2312 "opened with curly braces, like:"
2315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2316 #: apt.conf.5.xml:85
2321 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
2322 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
2327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2328 #: apt.conf.5.xml:93
2330 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
2331 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
2332 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, each separated by a semicolon."
2335 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2336 #: apt.conf.5.xml:98
2338 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
2341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2342 #: apt.conf.5.xml:101
2344 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
2345 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
2348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2349 #: apt.conf.5.xml:105
2351 "The names of the configuration items are not case-sensitive. So in the "
2352 "previous example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
2355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2356 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
2358 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as it "
2359 "can be see in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. "
2360 "If you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
2361 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option as every other "
2362 "option by reassigning a new value to the option."
2365 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2366 #: apt.conf.5.xml:113
2368 "Two specials are allowed, <literal>#include</literal> (which is deprecated "
2369 "and not supported by alternative implementations) and <literal>#clear</"
2370 "literal>: <literal>#include</literal> will include the given file, unless "
2371 "the filename ends in a slash, then the whole directory is included. "
2372 "<literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of the configuration tree. "
2373 "The specified element and all its descendants are erased. (Note that these "
2374 "lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
2377 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2378 #: apt.conf.5.xml:121
2380 "The #clear command is the only way to delete a list or a complete scope. "
2381 "Reopening a scope or the ::-style described below will <emphasis>not</"
2382 "emphasis> override previously written entries. Only options can be "
2383 "overridden by addressing a new value to it - lists and scopes can't be "
2384 "overridden, only cleared."
2387 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2388 #: apt.conf.5.xml:126
2390 "All of the APT tools take a -o option which allows an arbitrary "
2391 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
2392 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
2393 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
2394 "element to a list, add a trailing :: to the name of the list. (As you might "
2395 "suspect: The scope syntax can't be used on the command line.)"
2398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2399 #: apt.conf.5.xml:133
2401 "Note that you can use :: only for appending one item per line to a list and "
2402 "that you should not use it in combination with the scope syntax. (The scope "
2403 "syntax implicit insert ::) Using both syntaxes together will trigger a bug "
2404 "which some users unfortunately depend on: An option with the unusual name "
2405 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts like every other option with a name. "
2406 "These introduces many problems including that a user who writes multiple "
2407 "lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> syntax in the hope to append to a "
2408 "list will gain the opposite as only the last assignment for this option "
2409 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. Upcoming APT versions will raise "
2410 "errors and will stop working if they encounter this misuse, so please "
2411 "correct such statements now as long as APT doesn't complain explicit about "
2415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2416 #: apt.conf.5.xml:145
2417 msgid "The APT Group"
2420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2421 #: apt.conf.5.xml:146
2423 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
2424 "options for all of the tools."
2427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2428 #: apt.conf.5.xml:151
2430 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
2431 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
2435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2436 #: apt.conf.5.xml:157
2438 "All Architectures the system supports. Processors implementing the "
2439 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) instruction "
2440 "set are e.g. also able to execute binaries compiled for the <literal>i386</"
2441 "literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set; This list is use when "
2442 "fetching files and parsing package lists. The internal default is always the "
2443 "native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</literal>) and all foreign "
2444 "architectures it can retrieve by calling <command>dpkg --print-foreign-"
2445 "architectures</command>."
2448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2449 #: apt.conf.5.xml:167
2451 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version available. "
2452 "Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: 'stable', "
2453 "'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', '4.0', "
2454 "'5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
2457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2458 #: apt.conf.5.xml:173
2460 "Ignore Held packages; This global option causes the problem resolver to "
2461 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
2464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2465 #: apt.conf.5.xml:178
2467 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
2468 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
2469 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
2470 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
2473 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2474 #: apt.conf.5.xml:185
2476 "Defaults to on which will cause APT to install essential and important "
2477 "packages as fast as possible in the install/upgrade operation. This is done "
2478 "to limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call: If this option is disabled APT "
2479 "does treat an important package in the same way as an extra package: Between "
2480 "the unpacking of the important package A and his configuration can then be "
2481 "many other unpack or configuration calls, e.g. for package B which has no "
2482 "relation to A, but causes the dpkg call to fail (e.g. because maintainer "
2483 "script of package B generates an error) which results in a system state in "
2484 "which package A is unpacked but unconfigured - each package depending on A "
2485 "is now no longer guaranteed to work as their dependency on A is not longer "
2486 "satisfied. The immediate configuration marker is also applied to all "
2487 "dependencies which can generate a problem if the dependencies e.g. form a "
2488 "circle as a dependency with the immediate flag is comparable with a Pre-"
2489 "Dependency. So in theory it is possible that APT encounters a situation in "
2490 "which it is unable to perform immediate configuration, errors out and refers "
2491 "to this option so the user can deactivate the immediate configuration "
2492 "temporarily to be able to perform an install/upgrade again. Note the use of "
2493 "the word \"theory\" here as this problem was only encountered by now in real "
2494 "world a few times in non-stable distribution versions and was caused by "
2495 "wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an already "
2496 "broken state, so you should not blindly disable this option as the mentioned "
2497 "scenario above is not the only problem immediate configuration can help to "
2498 "prevent in the first place. Before a big operation like <literal>dist-"
2499 "upgrade</literal> is run with this option disabled it should be tried to "
2500 "explicitly <literal>install</literal> the package APT is unable to configure "
2501 "immediately, but please make sure to report your problem also to your "
2502 "distribution and to the APT team with the buglink below so they can work on "
2503 "improving or correcting the upgrade process."
2506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2507 #: apt.conf.5.xml:208
2509 "Never Enable this option unless you -really- know what you are doing. It "
2510 "permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to break a Conflicts/"
2511 "Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depend loop between two essential packages. SUCH "
2512 "A LOOP SHOULD NEVER EXIST AND IS A GRAVE BUG. This option will work if the "
2513 "essential packages are not tar, gzip, libc, dpkg, bash or anything that "
2514 "those packages depend on."
2517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2518 #: apt.conf.5.xml:217
2520 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
2521 "the 'available' information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint "
2522 "to which size the Cache will grow and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
2523 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
2524 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT otherwise it will "
2525 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
2526 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
2527 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
2528 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the Cache size will be increased in the event "
2529 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. These "
2530 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
2531 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
2532 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
2533 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
2534 "automatic grow of the cache is disabled."
2537 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2538 #: apt.conf.5.xml:233
2539 msgid "Defines which package(s) are considered essential build dependencies."
2542 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2543 #: apt.conf.5.xml:237
2545 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool, please see its documentation "
2546 "for more information about the options here."
2549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2550 #: apt.conf.5.xml:242
2552 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool, please see its "
2553 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2557 #: apt.conf.5.xml:247
2559 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool, please see its "
2560 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2564 #: apt.conf.5.xml:253
2565 msgid "The Acquire Group"
2568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2569 #: apt.conf.5.xml:254
2571 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
2572 "packages and the URI handlers."
2575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2576 #: apt.conf.5.xml:259
2578 "Security related option defaulting to true as an expiring validation for a "
2579 "Release file prevents longtime replay attacks and can e.g. also help users "
2580 "to identify no longer updated mirrors - but the feature depends on the "
2581 "correctness of the time on the user system. Archive maintainers are "
2582 "encouraged to create Release files with the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> "
2583 "header, but if they don't or a stricter value is volitional the following "
2584 "<literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option can be used."
2587 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2588 #: apt.conf.5.xml:270
2590 "Seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was created "
2591 "(indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). If the Release file "
2592 "itself includes a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of "
2593 "the two is used as the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</"
2594 "literal> which stands for \"for ever valid\". Archive specific settings can "
2595 "be made by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
2598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2599 #: apt.conf.5.xml:281
2601 "Minimum of seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was "
2602 "created (indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). Use this if you "
2603 "need to use a seldomly updated (local) mirror of a more regular updated "
2604 "archive with a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header instead of completely "
2605 "disabling the expiration date checking. Archive specific settings can and "
2606 "should be used by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
2609 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2610 #: apt.conf.5.xml:292
2612 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for Packages or "
2613 "Sources files instead of downloading whole ones. True by default."
2616 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2617 #: apt.conf.5.xml:295
2619 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: With "
2620 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be specified how many PDiff files are "
2621 "downloaded at most to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</literal> on the "
2622 "other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all patches compared to "
2623 "the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is exceeded the "
2624 "complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
2627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2628 #: apt.conf.5.xml:305
2630 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
2631 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
2632 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
2633 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
2634 "connection per URI type will be opened."
2637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2638 #: apt.conf.5.xml:313
2640 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
2641 "files the given number of times."
2644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2645 #: apt.conf.5.xml:318
2647 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
2648 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
2651 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2652 #: apt.conf.5.xml:323
2654 "HTTP URIs; http::Proxy is the default http proxy to use. It is in the "
2655 "standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per "
2656 "host proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>http::Proxy::"
2657 "<host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
2658 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
2659 "<envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used."
2662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2663 #: apt.conf.5.xml:331
2665 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
2666 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy to not use its cached "
2667 "response under any circumstances, <literal>Max-Age</literal> is sent only "
2668 "for index files and tells the cache to refresh its object if it is older "
2669 "than the given number of seconds. Debian updates its index files daily so "
2670 "the default is 1 day. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the cache "
2671 "should never store this request, it is only set for archive files. This may "
2672 "be useful to prevent polluting a proxy cache with very large .deb files. "
2673 "Note: Squid 2.0.2 does not support any of these options."
2676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2677 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341 apt.conf.5.xml:407
2679 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
2680 "method, this applies to all things including connection timeout and data "
2684 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2685 #: apt.conf.5.xml:344
2687 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
2688 "enabled HTTP pipeling (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
2689 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are send in a "
2690 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
2691 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
2692 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
2693 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
2696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2697 #: apt.conf.5.xml:351
2699 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls if APT will follow "
2700 "redirects, which is enabled by default."
2703 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2704 #: apt.conf.5.xml:354
2706 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
2707 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobyte. The default value is 0 "
2708 "which deactivates the limit and tries uses as much as possible of the "
2709 "bandwidth (Note that this option implicit deactivates the download from "
2710 "multiple servers at the same time.)"
2713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2714 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
2716 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
2717 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
2718 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
2721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2722 #: apt.conf.5.xml:366
2724 "HTTPS URIs. Cache-control, Timeout, AllowRedirect, Dl-Limit and proxy "
2725 "options are the same as for <literal>http</literal> method and will also "
2726 "default to the options from the <literal>http</literal> method if they are "
2727 "not explicitly set for https. <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is "
2728 "not supported yet."
2731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2732 #: apt.conf.5.xml:372
2734 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
2735 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is "
2736 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
2737 "suboption determines whether verify server's host certificate against "
2738 "trusted certificates or not. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</literal> "
2739 "is corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</literal> boolean "
2740 "suboption determines whether verify server's hostname or not. <literal><"
2741 "host>::Verify-Host</literal> is corresponding per-host option. "
2742 "<literal>SslCert</literal> determines what certificate to use for client "
2743 "authentication. <literal><host>::SslCert</literal> is corresponding "
2744 "per-host option. <literal>SslKey</literal> determines what private key to "
2745 "use for client authentication. <literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is "
2746 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides "
2747 "default SSL version to use. Can contain 'TLSv1' or 'SSLv3' string. "
2748 "<literal><host>::SslForceVersion</literal> is corresponding per-host "
2752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2753 #: apt.conf.5.xml:391
2755 "FTP URIs; ftp::Proxy is the default ftp proxy to use. It is in the standard "
2756 "form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per host "
2757 "proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>ftp::Proxy::<"
2758 "host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
2759 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
2760 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used. To use a ftp "
2761 "proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</literal> script in "
2762 "the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands to send to tell "
2763 "the proxy server what to connect to. Please see &configureindex; for an "
2764 "example of how to do this. The substitution variables available are <literal>"
2765 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal> <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal> <literal>"
2766 "$(SITE_USER)</literal> <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal> <literal>$(SITE)</"
2767 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal> Each is taken from it's "
2768 "respective URI component."
2771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2772 #: apt.conf.5.xml:410
2774 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
2775 "to leave passive mode on, it works in nearly every environment. However "
2776 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode ftp used "
2777 "instead. This can be done globally, for connections that go through a proxy "
2778 "or for a specific host (See the sample config file for examples)."
2781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2782 #: apt.conf.5.xml:417
2784 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
2785 "envar> environment variable to a http url - see the discussion of the http "
2786 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
2787 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
2790 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2791 #: apt.conf.5.xml:422
2793 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
2794 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
2795 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
2796 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
2797 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
2800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
2801 #: apt.conf.5.xml:435
2803 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
2806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2807 #: apt.conf.5.xml:430
2809 "CD-ROM URIs; the only setting for CD-ROM URIs is the mount point, "
2810 "<literal>cdrom::Mount</literal> which must be the mount point for the CD-ROM "
2811 "drive as specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to "
2812 "provide alternate mount and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be "
2813 "listed in the fstab (such as an SMB mount and old mount packages). The "
2814 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
2815 "cdrom block. It is important to have the trailing slash. Unmount commands "
2816 "can be specified using UMount."
2819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2820 #: apt.conf.5.xml:441
2822 "GPGV URIs; the only option for GPGV URIs is the option to pass additional "
2823 "parameters to gpgv. <literal>gpgv::Options</literal> Additional options "
2827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2828 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
2830 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
2833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2834 #: apt.conf.5.xml:447
2836 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
2837 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
2838 "compression formats. Per default the acquire methods can decompress "
2839 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
2840 "command> compressed files, with this setting more formats can be added on "
2841 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
2842 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
2845 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2846 #: apt.conf.5.xml:457
2848 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
2851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2852 #: apt.conf.5.xml:460
2854 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
2857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2858 #: apt.conf.5.xml:453
2860 "Also the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
2861 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
2862 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
2863 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simple add the "
2864 "preferred type at first - not already added default types will be added at "
2865 "run time to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
2866 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
2867 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
2868 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
2869 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this "
2870 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
2871 "<literal>bz2</literal> explicit to the list as it will be added automatic."
2874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
2875 #: apt.conf.5.xml:464
2877 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
2880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2881 #: apt.conf.5.xml:462
2883 "Note that at run time the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</"
2884 "replaceable></literal> will be checked: If this setting exists the method "
2885 "will only be used if this file exists, e.g. for the bzip2 method (the "
2886 "inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> Note "
2887 "also that list entries specified on the command line will be added at the "
2888 "end of the list specified in the configuration files, but before the default "
2889 "entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones specified in the "
2890 "configuration files you can set the option direct - not in list style. This "
2891 "will not override the defined list, it will only prefix the list with this "
2895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2896 #: apt.conf.5.xml:469
2898 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
2899 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
2900 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
2903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2904 #: apt.conf.5.xml:476
2906 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
2907 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
2908 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
2909 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
2912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2913 #: apt.conf.5.xml:484
2915 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
2916 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the Description-"
2917 "Translations. APT will try to display the first available Description in the "
2918 "Language which is listed at first. Languages can be defined with their short "
2919 "or long Languagecodes. Note that not all archives provide "
2920 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every Language - especially the "
2921 "long Languagecodes are rare, so please inform you which ones are available "
2922 "before you set here impossible values."
2925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
2926 #: apt.conf.5.xml:500
2928 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
2931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2932 #: apt.conf.5.xml:490
2934 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
2935 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: It will be "
2936 "replaced at runtime with the languagecodes extracted from the "
2937 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
2938 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
2939 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
2940 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
2941 "force apt to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
2942 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
2943 "meaning code which will stop the search for a fitting <filename>Translation</"
2944 "filename> file. This can be used by the system administrator to let APT "
2945 "know that it should download also this files without actually use them if "
2946 "the environment doesn't specify this languages. So the following example "
2947 "configuration will result in the order \"en, de\" in an english and in \"de, "
2948 "en\" in a german localization. Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used "
2949 "if APT is not used in a french localization, in such an environment the "
2950 "order would be \"fr, de, en\". <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id="
2954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2955 #: apt.conf.5.xml:501
2957 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
2958 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
2959 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
2960 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
2963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2964 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
2968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2969 #: apt.conf.5.xml:514
2971 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
2972 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
2973 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
2974 "dpkg status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
2975 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
2976 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub items if they do not "
2977 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
2980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2981 #: apt.conf.5.xml:521
2983 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
2984 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
2985 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
2986 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
2987 "be turned off by setting their names to be blank. This will slow down "
2988 "startup but save disk space. It is probably preferred to turn off the "
2989 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
2990 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
2993 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2994 #: apt.conf.5.xml:530
2996 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
2997 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
2998 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
2999 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3000 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3004 #: apt.conf.5.xml:536
3006 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3007 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3008 "main config file is loaded."
3011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3012 #: apt.conf.5.xml:540
3014 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3015 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3016 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3017 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3018 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3019 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3022 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3023 #: apt.conf.5.xml:548
3025 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3026 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3027 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3028 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3029 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3030 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3031 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3036 #: apt.conf.5.xml:561
3038 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3039 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3040 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3041 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3042 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3043 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3047 #: apt.conf.5.xml:570
3048 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3051 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3052 #: apt.conf.5.xml:572
3054 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3055 "control the default behaviour. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3060 #: apt.conf.5.xml:577
3062 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto, pre-auto "
3063 "and never. always and prompt will remove all packages from the cache after "
3064 "upgrading, prompt (the default) does so conditionally. auto removes only "
3065 "those packages which are no longer downloadable (replaced with a new version "
3066 "for instance). pre-auto performs this action before downloading new "
3070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3071 #: apt.conf.5.xml:586
3073 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
3074 "when it is run for the install phase."
3077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3078 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
3080 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
3081 "when it is run for the update phase."
3084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3085 #: apt.conf.5.xml:596
3087 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
3088 "The default is to prompt only on error."
3091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3092 #: apt.conf.5.xml:602
3093 msgid "How APT calls dpkg"
3096 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3097 #: apt.conf.5.xml:603
3099 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
3100 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
3103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3104 #: apt.conf.5.xml:608
3106 "This is a list of options to pass to dpkg. The options must be specified "
3107 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
3111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3112 #: apt.conf.5.xml:614
3114 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3115 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3116 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
3117 "fail APT will abort."
3120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3121 #: apt.conf.5.xml:621
3123 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking dpkg. Like "
3124 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3125 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
3126 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass to the commands on standard input the "
3127 "filenames of all .deb files it is going to install, one per line."
3130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3131 #: apt.conf.5.xml:627
3133 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
3134 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
3135 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
3136 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
3137 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
3140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3141 #: apt.conf.5.xml:635
3143 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking dpkg, the default is <filename>/"
3147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3148 #: apt.conf.5.xml:640
3150 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages, the "
3151 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
3154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3155 #: apt.conf.5.xml:645
3156 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
3159 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3160 #: apt.conf.5.xml:646
3162 "APT can call dpkg in a way so it can make aggressive use of triggers over "
3163 "multiple calls of dpkg. Without further options dpkg will use triggers only "
3164 "in between his own run. Activating these options can therefore decrease the "
3165 "time needed to perform the install / upgrade. Note that it is intended to "
3166 "activate these options per default in the future, but as it changes the way "
3167 "APT calling dpkg drastically it needs a lot more testing. <emphasis>These "
3168 "options are therefore currently experimental and should not be used in "
3169 "productive environments.</emphasis> Also it breaks the progress reporting so "
3170 "all frontends will currently stay around half (or more) of the time in the "
3171 "100% state while it actually configures all packages."
3174 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
3175 #: apt.conf.5.xml:661
3178 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
3179 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
3180 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
3181 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
3184 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3185 #: apt.conf.5.xml:655
3187 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
3188 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
3189 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
3190 "enough to help testing them create a new configuration file and test a "
3191 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
3192 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
3193 "reports. Asking dpkg for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
3194 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
3195 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3199 #: apt.conf.5.xml:668
3201 "Add the no triggers flag to all dpkg calls (except the ConfigurePending "
3202 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
3203 "short: dpkg will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it is "
3204 "explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option exists "
3205 "(undocumented) also in older apt versions with a slightly different meaning: "
3206 "Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure calls to "
3207 "dpkg - now apt will add these flag also to the unpack and remove calls."
3210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3211 #: apt.conf.5.xml:676
3213 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
3214 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". \"<literal>all</literal>\" is the default "
3215 "value and causes APT to configure all packages explicit. The "
3216 "\"<literal>smart</literal>\" way is it to configure only packages which need "
3217 "to be configured before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends) and "
3218 "let the rest configure by dpkg with a call generated by the next option. "
3219 "\"<literal>no</literal>\" on the other hand will not configure anything and "
3220 "totally rely on dpkg for configuration (which will at the moment fail if a "
3221 "Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to another than the all "
3222 "value will implicitly activate also the next option per default as otherwise "
3223 "the system could end in an unconfigured status which could be unbootable!"
3226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3227 #: apt.conf.5.xml:687
3229 "If this option is set apt will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
3230 "command> to let dpkg handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
3231 "option is activated automatic per default if the previous option is not set "
3232 "to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating could be useful if you want to "
3233 "run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these sceneries "
3234 "you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
3237 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3238 #: apt.conf.5.xml:694
3240 "Useful for <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
3241 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal> and dpkg "
3242 "treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a dealbreaker "
3243 "for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will process all "
3244 "triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
3247 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3248 #: apt.conf.5.xml:700
3250 "As the configuration can be deferred to be done at the end by dpkg it can be "
3251 "tried to order the unpack series only by critical needs, e.g. by Pre-"
3252 "Depends. Default is true and therefore the \"old\" method of ordering in "
3253 "various steps by everything. While both method were present in earlier APT "
3254 "versions the <literal>OrderCritical</literal> method was unused, so this "
3255 "method is very experimental and needs further improvements before becoming "
3259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3260 #: apt.conf.5.xml:715
3263 "OrderList::Score {\n"
3265 "\tEssential 200;\n"
3267 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
3271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3272 #: apt.conf.5.xml:708
3274 "Essential packages (and there dependencies) should be configured immediately "
3275 "after unpacking. It will be a good idea to do this quite early in the "
3276 "upgrade process as these these configure calls require currently also "
3277 "<literal>DPkg::TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers "
3278 "(which maybe not needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the "
3279 "immediate flag is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is "
3280 "higher rated). These option and the others in the same group can be used to "
3281 "change the scoring. The following example shows the settings with there "
3282 "default values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3286 #: apt.conf.5.xml:728
3287 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
3290 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3291 #: apt.conf.5.xml:729
3293 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
3294 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by "
3295 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See header of this script for "
3296 "the brief documentation of these options."
3299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3300 #: apt.conf.5.xml:737
3301 msgid "Debug options"
3304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3305 #: apt.conf.5.xml:739
3307 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
3308 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
3309 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
3310 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
3311 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
3315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3316 #: apt.conf.5.xml:750
3318 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
3319 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
3323 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3324 #: apt.conf.5.xml:758
3326 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
3327 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
3328 "literal>) as a non-root user."
3331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3332 #: apt.conf.5.xml:767
3334 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
3335 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
3339 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
3341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3342 #: apt.conf.5.xml:775
3344 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
3348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3349 #: apt.conf.5.xml:785
3350 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
3353 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3354 #: apt.conf.5.xml:794
3356 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
3359 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3360 #: apt.conf.5.xml:805
3361 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
3364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3365 #: apt.conf.5.xml:816
3366 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
3369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3370 #: apt.conf.5.xml:827
3371 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
3374 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3375 #: apt.conf.5.xml:838
3377 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
3378 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
3381 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3382 #: apt.conf.5.xml:849
3384 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
3385 "stored on CD-ROMs."
3388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3389 #: apt.conf.5.xml:859
3390 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
3393 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3394 #: apt.conf.5.xml:869
3396 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
3397 "literal> libraries."
3400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3401 #: apt.conf.5.xml:879
3403 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
3404 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
3408 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3409 #: apt.conf.5.xml:890
3411 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
3412 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
3415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3416 #: apt.conf.5.xml:902
3417 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
3420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3421 #: apt.conf.5.xml:912
3423 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
3424 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
3427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3428 #: apt.conf.5.xml:922
3430 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
3431 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
3434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3435 #: apt.conf.5.xml:934
3437 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
3438 "index diffs instead of full indices."
3441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3442 #: apt.conf.5.xml:945
3444 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
3447 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3448 #: apt.conf.5.xml:956
3450 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
3451 "the removal of unused packages."
3454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3455 #: apt.conf.5.xml:966
3457 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
3458 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
3459 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
3460 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
3461 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
3464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3465 #: apt.conf.5.xml:980
3467 "Generate debug messages describing which package is marked as keep/install/"
3468 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
3469 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional space "
3470 "under the original entry. The format for each line is <literal>MarkKeep</"
3471 "literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or <literal>MarkInstall</literal> "
3472 "followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)"
3473 "</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is the current version of the "
3474 "package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version considered for installation "
3475 "and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, but not considered for "
3476 "installation (because of a low pin score). The later two can be omitted if "
3477 "there is none or if it is the same version as the installed. "
3478 "<literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package appears in."
3481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3482 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1002
3483 msgid "Dump the default configuration to standard error on startup."
3486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3487 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1012
3489 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
3490 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
3493 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3494 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1023
3496 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
3497 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
3500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3501 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1034
3503 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
3504 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
3507 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3508 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1046
3510 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
3513 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3514 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1057
3515 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
3518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3519 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1067
3521 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
3522 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
3525 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3526 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1078
3528 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
3529 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
3530 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
3533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3534 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1090
3536 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
3540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3541 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1112 apt_preferences.5.xml:545 sources.list.5.xml:211
3542 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596
3547 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3548 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1113
3550 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
3554 #. ? reading apt.conf
3555 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3556 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1125
3558 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
3559 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
3561 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3562 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
3564 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
3565 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
3567 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3568 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
3571 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
3572 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
3573 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
3576 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
3577 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
3580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3581 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
3584 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
3585 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
3586 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
3587 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
3588 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
3589 "priority for installation. The APT preferences file overrides the "
3590 "priorities that APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the "
3591 "user control over which one is selected for installation."
3593 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
3594 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
3595 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
3596 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
3597 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
3598 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
3599 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
3600 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
3601 "selecionada para instalação."
3603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3604 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
3607 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
3608 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
3609 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
3610 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences file does not affect the "
3611 "choice of instance, only the choice of version."
3613 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
3614 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
3615 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
3616 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
3617 "a escolha da instância."
3619 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3620 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
3622 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
3623 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
3624 "not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to "
3625 "uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even "
3626 "more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without "
3627 "a good understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a "
3628 "specific release aren't tested in and therefore doesn't always work as "
3629 "expected in older or newer releases or together with other packages from "
3630 "different releases. You have been warned."
3633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3634 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
3636 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
3637 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
3638 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
3639 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
3640 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
3641 "that it has ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the "
3642 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this "
3643 "case it will be silently ignored."
3646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3647 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
3649 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
3650 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
3652 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3653 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
3655 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
3657 "<programlisting>\n"
3658 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
3660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3661 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
3663 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3665 "<programlisting>\n"
3666 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3669 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
3672 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
3673 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
3674 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
3675 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
3676 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
3677 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
3678 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
3679 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
3680 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
3681 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
3682 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
3684 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
3685 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
3686 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
3687 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
3688 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
3689 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
3690 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
3691 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
3693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3694 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
3697 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
3698 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
3700 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
3701 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
3704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3705 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
3708 msgstr "prioridade 100"
3710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3711 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
3713 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
3714 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
3715 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
3716 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
3719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3720 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
3722 msgid "priority 100"
3723 msgstr "prioridade 100"
3725 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3726 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
3728 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
3729 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
3730 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
3731 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
3734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3735 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
3737 msgid "priority 500"
3738 msgstr "prioridade 500"
3740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3741 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
3744 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
3747 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
3749 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3750 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
3752 msgid "priority 990"
3753 msgstr "prioridade 990"
3755 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3756 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
3759 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
3761 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
3763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3764 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
3767 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
3768 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
3769 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
3770 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
3771 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
3772 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
3774 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
3775 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
3776 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
3778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3779 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
3782 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
3783 "determine which version of a package to install."
3785 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
3786 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
3788 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3789 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
3792 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
3793 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
3794 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
3795 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
3796 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
3798 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
3799 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
3800 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
3801 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
3802 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
3803 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
3805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3806 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
3808 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
3809 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
3811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3812 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
3815 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
3816 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
3818 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
3819 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
3821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3822 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
3825 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
3826 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
3827 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
3829 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
3830 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
3831 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
3833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3834 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
3837 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
3838 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
3839 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
3840 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
3841 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
3843 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
3844 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
3845 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
3846 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
3847 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
3850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3851 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
3854 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
3855 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
3856 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
3857 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
3859 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
3860 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
3861 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
3862 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
3863 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
3865 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3866 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
3869 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
3870 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
3871 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
3872 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
3873 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
3874 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
3875 "than the installed version."
3877 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
3878 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
3879 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
3880 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
3881 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
3882 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
3883 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
3885 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3886 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
3888 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
3889 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
3891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3892 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
3895 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
3896 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
3897 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
3898 "specific form and a general form."
3900 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
3901 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
3902 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
3903 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
3905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3906 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
3909 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
3910 "specified packages and specified version or version range. For example, the "
3911 "following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
3912 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
3913 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by spaces."
3915 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
3916 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
3917 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
3918 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
3919 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
3921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
3922 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
3926 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
3927 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
3929 "<programlisting>\n"
3931 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
3932 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
3934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3935 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
3938 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
3939 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
3940 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
3941 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
3942 "fully qualified domain name."
3944 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
3945 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
3946 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
3947 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
3948 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
3950 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3951 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
3954 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
3955 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
3956 "all package versions available from the local site."
3958 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
3959 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
3960 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
3963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
3964 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
3968 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
3969 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
3971 "<programlisting>\n"
3973 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
3974 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
3976 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3977 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
3979 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
3980 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
3981 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
3982 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
3985 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
3986 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
3990 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
3991 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
3993 "<programlisting>\n"
3995 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
3996 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
3998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3999 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4002 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4003 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4004 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4005 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4008 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4009 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4010 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4011 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4012 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4013 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4015 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4016 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4019 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4020 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4023 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4024 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4025 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4028 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
4032 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4033 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4035 "<programlisting>\n"
4037 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4038 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4041 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4044 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4045 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4048 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4049 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4050 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4053 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
4057 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4058 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4060 "<programlisting>\n"
4062 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4063 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4065 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4066 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
4069 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4070 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4071 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>3.0</literal>\"."
4073 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4074 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4075 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4079 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
4083 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
4084 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4086 "<programlisting>\n"
4088 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
4089 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4092 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
4093 msgid "Regular expressions and glob() syntax"
4096 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4097 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
4099 "APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular expressions "
4100 "surrounded by /. For example, the following example assigns the priority 500 "
4101 "to all packages from experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob"
4102 "()-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular "
4103 "expression surrounded by slashes)."
4106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4107 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
4110 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4111 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
4112 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4114 "<programlisting>\n"
4116 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4117 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4120 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
4122 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4123 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4124 "packages from a release starting with karmic."
4127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4128 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
4132 "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
4133 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4135 "<programlisting>\n"
4137 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4138 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4141 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
4143 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4144 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4145 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4146 "the future, thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4147 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4148 "Package field is not considered a glob() expression in itself."
4151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4152 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
4154 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
4155 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
4157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4158 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
4161 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
4162 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
4164 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
4165 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
4166 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
4168 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4169 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
4172 msgstr "P > 1000"
4174 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4175 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
4178 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
4181 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
4182 "dowgrade do pacote"
4184 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4185 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
4187 msgid "990 < P <=1000"
4188 msgstr "990 < P <=1000"
4190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4191 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
4194 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
4195 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
4197 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
4198 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4201 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
4203 msgid "500 < P <=990"
4204 msgstr "500 < P <=990"
4206 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4207 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
4210 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4211 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
4213 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4214 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4217 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
4219 msgid "100 < P <=500"
4220 msgstr "100 < P <=500"
4222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4223 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
4226 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4227 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
4229 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4230 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
4233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4234 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
4236 msgid "0 < P <=100"
4237 msgstr "0 <= P <=100"
4239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4240 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
4243 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
4246 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
4247 "instalada do pacote"
4249 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4250 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
4255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4256 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
4258 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
4259 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
4261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4262 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
4265 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
4266 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
4267 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
4268 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
4270 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
4271 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
4272 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
4273 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
4274 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
4275 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
4277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4278 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
4281 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
4282 "presented earlier:"
4284 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
4285 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
4287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4288 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
4292 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4293 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4296 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4297 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4300 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4301 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4303 "<programlisting>\n"
4305 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4306 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4309 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4310 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4313 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4314 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4317 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
4321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4322 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
4325 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
4326 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
4327 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> 5.8* version of "
4328 "<literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version is 5.9*, then "
4329 "<literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
4331 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
4332 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
4333 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
4334 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
4335 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
4337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4338 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
4341 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
4342 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
4343 "versions belonging to the target release."
4345 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
4346 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
4347 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
4349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4350 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
4353 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
4354 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
4355 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
4356 "and no version of the package is already installed."
4358 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
4359 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
4360 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
4361 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
4364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4365 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
4367 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
4368 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
4370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4371 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
4374 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
4375 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
4376 "describe the packages available at that location."
4378 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
4379 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
4380 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
4382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4383 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
4386 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4387 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
4388 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
4389 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
4390 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
4391 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
4392 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4394 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
4395 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
4396 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
4397 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
4398 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
4399 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
4400 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
4403 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4404 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
4406 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
4407 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
4409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4410 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
4412 msgid "gives the package name"
4413 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
4415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4416 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
4418 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
4419 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
4421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4422 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
4424 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
4425 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
4427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4428 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
4431 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4432 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
4433 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
4434 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
4435 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
4436 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
4437 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
4438 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4440 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
4441 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
4442 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
4443 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
4444 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
4445 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
4446 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
4447 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
4450 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4451 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
4453 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
4454 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
4456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4457 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
4460 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4461 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
4462 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4463 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
4464 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
4467 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4468 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4469 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4470 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4471 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4472 "requerer a linha :"
4474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4475 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
4477 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4479 "<programlisting>\n"
4480 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4483 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
4485 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
4486 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4489 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
4492 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4493 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
4494 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4495 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
4496 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
4497 "preferences file would require the line:"
4499 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4500 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4501 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4502 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4503 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4504 "requerer a linha :"
4506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4507 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
4509 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4511 "<programlisting>\n"
4512 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4514 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4515 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
4518 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
4519 "belong to Debian release version 3.0. Note that there is normally no "
4520 "version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</"
4521 "literal> distributions because they have not been released yet. Specifying "
4522 "this in the APT preferences file would require one of the following lines."
4524 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
4525 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
4526 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
4527 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
4528 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
4531 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4532 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
4535 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
4536 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
4537 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
4539 "<programlisting>\n"
4540 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
4541 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
4542 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
4544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4545 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
4547 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
4548 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4551 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
4554 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
4555 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
4556 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
4557 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
4558 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
4559 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
4561 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
4562 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
4563 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4564 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
4565 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
4566 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4567 "requerer a linha :"
4569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4570 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
4572 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
4574 "<programlisting>\n"
4575 "Pin: release c=main\n"
4577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4578 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
4580 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
4581 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
4583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4584 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
4587 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4588 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4589 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
4592 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
4593 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
4594 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4595 "requerer a linha :"
4597 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4598 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
4600 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4602 "<programlisting>\n"
4603 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4606 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
4608 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
4609 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
4611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4612 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
4615 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4616 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4617 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
4620 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
4621 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
4622 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
4624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4625 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
4627 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4629 "<programlisting>\n"
4630 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4633 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
4636 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
4637 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
4638 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
4639 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
4640 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
4641 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
4642 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
4643 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
4644 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
4645 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
4647 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
4648 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
4649 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
4650 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
4651 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
4652 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
4653 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
4654 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
4655 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
4656 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
4658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4659 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
4661 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
4662 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
4664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4665 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
4668 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
4669 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
4670 "provides a place for comments."
4672 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
4673 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
4674 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
4676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4677 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
4679 msgid "Tracking Stable"
4680 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
4682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4683 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
4686 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
4687 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
4689 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4690 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4693 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4694 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4696 "<programlisting>\n"
4697 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
4698 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
4700 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4701 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4704 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4705 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4707 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4708 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
4711 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
4712 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
4713 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
4714 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
4715 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4717 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
4718 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
4719 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
4720 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
4721 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
4723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4724 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
4725 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
4728 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
4730 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
4732 "<programlisting>\n"
4733 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
4735 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
4737 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4738 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
4741 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4742 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
4743 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
4746 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
4747 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
4748 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
4750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4751 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
4753 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
4755 "<programlisting>\n"
4756 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
4758 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4759 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
4762 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4763 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
4764 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
4765 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4767 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4768 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
4769 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
4771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4772 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
4774 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
4775 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
4777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4778 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
4782 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
4783 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4786 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4787 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4790 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4791 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4793 "<programlisting>\n"
4795 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
4796 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4799 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4800 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4803 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4804 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4807 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
4810 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
4811 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
4812 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
4813 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
4814 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
4815 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4817 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
4818 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
4819 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
4820 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
4821 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
4823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4824 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
4827 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4828 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
4829 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
4832 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
4833 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a"
4834 "(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
4836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4837 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
4839 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
4841 "<programlisting>\n"
4842 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
4844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4845 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
4848 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4849 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
4850 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
4851 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
4852 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
4853 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
4854 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4856 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4857 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
4858 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
4859 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
4860 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
4861 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
4862 "recente que a versão instalada."
4864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4865 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
4866 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
4869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4870 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
4873 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
4874 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
4876 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4877 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4879 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
4881 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
4882 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4885 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4886 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4888 "<programlisting>\n"
4889 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
4890 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
4892 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4893 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4896 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4897 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4900 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
4902 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
4903 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
4904 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
4905 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
4906 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
4907 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
4908 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
4909 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
4910 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
4911 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4915 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
4918 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4919 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
4920 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
4921 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4923 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
4924 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
4925 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
4927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4928 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
4930 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
4932 "<programlisting>\n"
4933 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
4935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4936 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
4939 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4940 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
4941 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
4942 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
4943 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
4944 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
4945 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4947 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4948 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
4949 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
4950 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
4951 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
4952 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
4953 "recente que a versão instalada."
4955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4956 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
4958 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4959 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4962 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
4963 msgid "Package resource list for APT"
4966 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4967 #: sources.list.5.xml:37
4969 "The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package "
4970 "distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page "
4971 "documents only the packaging system used by the Debian system. This control "
4972 "file is <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>."
4975 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4976 #: sources.list.5.xml:42
4978 "The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a "
4979 "variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most "
4980 "preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: <literal>type uri "
4981 "args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal> determines the format "
4982 "for <literal>args</literal>. <literal>uri</literal> is a Universal Resource "
4983 "Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known "
4984 "Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a "
4985 "comment by using a #."
4988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4989 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
4990 msgid "sources.list.d"
4993 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4994 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
4996 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
4997 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
4998 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
4999 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5000 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5001 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file "
5002 "doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5003 "configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored."
5006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5007 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5008 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5012 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5014 "The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian "
5015 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically, "
5016 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archivename like "
5017 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5018 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5019 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> <literal>contrib</"
5020 "literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-src</literal> type "
5021 "describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the "
5022 "<literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required "
5023 "to fetch source indexes."
5026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5027 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5029 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5030 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5033 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5034 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
5036 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
5039 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5040 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
5042 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5043 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5044 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5045 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
5046 "a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section "
5047 "of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If <literal>distribution</"
5048 "literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one <literal>component</"
5049 "literal> must be present."
5052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5053 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
5055 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
5056 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, "
5057 "powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent "
5058 "<filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only "
5059 "of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will "
5060 "automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise."
5063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5064 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
5066 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
5067 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
5068 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
5069 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
5070 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
5071 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
5072 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
5073 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
5074 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
5075 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5079 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
5081 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surounded by "
5082 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
5083 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
5084 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
5085 "following settings are supported by APT, note though that unsupported "
5086 "settings will be ignored silently:"
5089 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5090 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
5092 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
5093 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
5094 "packages information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
5095 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
5096 "will be downloaded."
5099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5100 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
5102 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
5103 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
5104 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
5105 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
5106 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
5107 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
5110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5111 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
5113 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5114 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5115 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5116 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5120 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
5122 msgid "Some examples:"
5125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5126 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
5129 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
5130 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
5134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5135 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
5136 msgid "URI specification"
5139 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5140 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
5141 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
5144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5145 #: sources.list.5.xml:147
5147 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5148 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
5152 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5153 #: sources.list.5.xml:154
5155 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
5156 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
5159 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5160 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
5162 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
5163 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
5164 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
5165 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
5166 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
5170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5171 #: sources.list.5.xml:172
5173 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
5174 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
5175 "Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
5176 "envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http "
5177 "proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this "
5178 "method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be "
5182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5183 #: sources.list.5.xml:183
5185 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
5186 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
5187 "This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT."
5190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5191 #: sources.list.5.xml:190
5193 "The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given "
5194 "user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with "
5195 "RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard "
5196 "<command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> commands to perform the "
5197 "file transfers from the remote."
5200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5201 #: sources.list.5.xml:198
5202 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
5205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5206 #: sources.list.5.xml:200
5208 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages "
5209 "which should follow the nameing scheme <package>apt-transport-"
5210 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. The APT team e.g. maintains "
5211 "also the <package>apt-transport-https</package> package which provides "
5212 "access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but "
5213 "other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see &apt-"
5214 "transport-debtorrent;."
5217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5218 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
5220 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
5221 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
5224 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5225 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
5227 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
5230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5231 #: sources.list.5.xml:216
5232 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
5235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5236 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
5238 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5241 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5242 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
5243 msgid "Source line for the above"
5246 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5247 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
5249 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5253 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
5255 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
5256 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
5257 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
5260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5261 #: sources.list.5.xml:224
5264 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
5265 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
5268 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5269 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
5271 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
5275 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5276 #: sources.list.5.xml:229
5278 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
5281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5282 #: sources.list.5.xml:231
5284 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5285 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
5288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5289 #: sources.list.5.xml:233
5291 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
5294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5295 #: sources.list.5.xml:235
5297 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5298 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
5299 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
5300 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
5303 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5304 #: sources.list.5.xml:239
5306 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
5309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5310 #: sources.list.5.xml:248
5312 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
5315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5316 #: sources.list.5.xml:241
5318 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
5319 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
5320 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
5321 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
5322 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
5323 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
5327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5328 #: sources.list.5.xml:253
5330 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
5331 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5333 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
5334 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26
5338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5339 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
5341 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
5345 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5346 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
5348 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
5349 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
5350 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
5351 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
5355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5356 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
5357 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
5360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5361 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
5363 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
5364 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
5365 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
5366 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
5367 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
5370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5371 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
5373 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
5374 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5375 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
5378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5379 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
5381 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
5382 "decimal 100 on error."
5385 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5386 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
5387 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
5390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5391 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
5393 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (Source index or "
5394 "Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
5395 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
5396 "internal sorting rules."
5399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5400 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
5401 msgid "All output is sent to stdout, the input must be a seekable file."
5404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5405 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
5407 "Use Source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5408 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
5411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5412 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
5414 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
5418 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5419 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
5420 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
5423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5424 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
5426 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
5427 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
5428 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
5432 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5433 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
5435 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
5436 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
5437 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
5438 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
5439 "generation process for a complete archive."
5442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5443 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
5445 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
5446 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
5447 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
5448 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
5452 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5453 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
5455 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
5456 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
5457 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
5458 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
5461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5462 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
5464 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
5467 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5468 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
5470 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
5471 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5472 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
5473 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
5476 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5477 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
5479 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
5480 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
5481 "change the source override file that will be used."
5484 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5485 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
5487 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
5488 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5489 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
5490 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
5491 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
5492 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
5495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5496 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
5498 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
5499 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
5500 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
5501 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
5502 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
5503 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
5504 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
5505 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
5506 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
5507 "containing an MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 digest for each file."
5510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5511 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
5513 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
5514 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
5515 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
5516 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
5517 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
5518 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
5519 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
5520 "<literal>Description</literal>."
5523 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5524 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
5526 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
5527 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
5528 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
5529 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
5530 "maintaining the required settings."
5533 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5534 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
5536 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
5537 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
5540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5541 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
5542 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
5545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5546 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
5548 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
5549 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
5550 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
5551 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
5552 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
5553 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
5556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5557 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
5559 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
5562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5563 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
5565 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
5566 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5569 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
5571 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
5572 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
5573 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
5574 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
5577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5578 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
5580 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
5581 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
5585 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5586 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
5587 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
5590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5591 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
5592 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
5595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5596 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
5598 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
5599 "literal> setting is used below."
5602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5603 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
5605 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
5606 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5609 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
5611 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
5612 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
5613 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
5616 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5617 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
5619 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the Package index files. It "
5620 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
5621 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
5625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5626 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
5628 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
5629 "defaults to '.deb'."
5632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5633 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
5635 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5636 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
5639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5640 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
5642 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
5643 "defaults to '.dsc'."
5646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5647 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
5649 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5650 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
5653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5654 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
5656 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5657 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
5660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5661 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
5663 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
5664 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
5665 "Links</literal> setting."
5668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5669 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
5671 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
5672 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
5675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5676 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
5678 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
5679 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
5680 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
5683 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5684 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
5686 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
5687 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5690 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
5692 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
5693 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
5694 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
5697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5698 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
5700 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
5701 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
5705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5706 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
5708 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
5709 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
5710 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
5711 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
5712 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
5713 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
5716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5717 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
5719 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
5720 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
5723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5724 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
5726 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
5727 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
5730 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5731 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
5733 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5734 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
5737 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5738 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
5740 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5741 "source/Sources</filename>"
5744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5745 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
5747 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
5748 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
5749 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
5752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5753 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
5755 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
5756 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
5760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5761 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
5763 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)"
5764 "</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files to map onto a "
5765 "single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-ftparchive</"
5766 "command> will integrate those package files together automatically."
5769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5770 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
5771 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
5774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5775 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
5777 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
5778 "can share the same database."
5781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5782 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
5784 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
5785 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
5786 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
5789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5790 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
5792 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
5793 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
5794 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
5795 "when processing source indexes."
5798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5799 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
5801 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
5802 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5805 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
5807 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
5808 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
5809 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
5810 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
5814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5815 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
5817 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
5818 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
5819 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
5820 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
5823 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5824 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
5826 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
5827 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
5831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5832 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
5835 "for i in Sections do \n"
5836 " for j in Architectures do\n"
5837 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
5841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5842 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
5844 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
5845 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
5849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5850 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
5852 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
5853 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
5857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5858 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
5860 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
5861 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
5862 "this tree has a source archive."
5865 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5866 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
5868 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
5869 "and maintainer address information."
5872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5873 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
5875 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
5879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5880 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
5881 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
5884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5885 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
5886 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
5889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5890 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
5892 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
5893 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5896 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
5898 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
5899 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
5900 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
5901 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
5902 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
5905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5906 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
5907 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
5910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5911 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
5913 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
5914 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
5917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5918 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
5919 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
5922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5923 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
5924 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
5927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5928 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
5929 msgid "Sets the source override file."
5932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5933 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
5934 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
5937 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5938 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
5939 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
5942 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5943 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
5944 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
5947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5948 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
5949 msgid "The Binary Override File"
5952 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5953 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
5955 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
5956 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
5957 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
5958 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
5959 "permutation field."
5962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5963 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
5965 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
5968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5969 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
5974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5975 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
5977 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
5978 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
5979 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
5980 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
5981 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
5985 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5986 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
5987 msgid "The Source Override File"
5990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5991 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
5993 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
5994 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
5995 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
5998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5999 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
6000 msgid "The Extra Override File"
6003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6004 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
6006 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
6007 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
6008 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
6011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6012 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
6014 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
6015 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
6016 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
6017 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
6018 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
6019 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
6020 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
6021 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
6022 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
6025 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6026 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
6028 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
6029 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
6032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6033 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
6035 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
6036 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
6037 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
6038 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
6041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6042 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
6044 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
6045 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
6046 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
6047 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
6050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6051 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
6053 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
6054 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
6055 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
6056 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
6057 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
6060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6061 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
6063 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
6064 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
6068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6069 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
6071 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6072 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
6075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6076 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
6078 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
6079 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
6080 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
6081 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
6084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6085 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
6087 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
6088 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
6089 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
6090 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
6091 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
6092 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
6093 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
6094 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
6098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6099 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
6101 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
6102 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
6103 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
6104 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
6105 "in the generate command."
6108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
6109 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
6111 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
6114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6115 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
6117 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
6118 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
6121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6122 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
6124 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6137 msgid "16 June 1998"
6154 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
6177 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
6178 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
6179 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
6180 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
6192 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
6193 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
6204 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
6215 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
6222 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
6223 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
6224 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
6227 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
6229 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
6231 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
6232 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
6245 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
6248 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
6250 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
6253 #. type: <title></title>
6255 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6258 #. type: <author></author>
6259 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6260 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6263 #. type: <version></version>
6265 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6268 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6271 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6274 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6276 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6280 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6282 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6283 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6284 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6285 "or (at your option) any later version."
6289 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6291 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6292 "GPL for the full license."
6295 #. type: <heading></heading>
6303 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6304 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6305 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6306 "packages from the Internet."
6309 #. type: <heading></heading>
6311 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6317 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6318 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6319 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6325 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6326 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6327 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6328 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6329 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6335 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6336 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6337 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6344 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6345 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6346 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6347 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6353 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6354 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6355 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6356 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6357 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6358 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6359 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6360 "other mail transport agents."
6366 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6367 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6368 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6369 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6370 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6371 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6372 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6373 "trying to manually fix packages."
6379 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6380 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6381 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6382 "packages for installation."
6385 #. type: <heading></heading>
6393 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6394 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6395 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6396 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6402 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6403 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6404 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6405 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6406 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6410 #. type: <example></example>
6414 "# apt-get update\n"
6415 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6416 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6417 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6418 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6421 #. type: <p><taglist>
6423 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6426 #. type: <tag></tag>
6434 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6435 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6436 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6437 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6438 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6439 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6440 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6443 #. type: <tag></tag>
6451 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6452 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6453 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6454 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6455 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6456 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6457 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6460 #. type: <tag></tag>
6462 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6468 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6469 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6470 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6471 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6472 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6473 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6474 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6480 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6481 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6487 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6488 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6489 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6490 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6491 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6492 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6493 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6496 #. type: <heading></heading>
6504 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6505 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6506 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6513 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6514 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6515 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6516 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source can "
6517 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6518 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
6519 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6520 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6521 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
6524 #. type: <example></example>
6528 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6530 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6531 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6534 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6535 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6536 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6539 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6545 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6546 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6550 #. type: <example></example>
6554 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6555 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6556 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6558 " Distribution [stable]:"
6564 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6565 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6566 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6567 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6568 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6569 "into the US is legal however."
6572 #. type: <example></example>
6576 " Please give the components to get\n"
6577 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6579 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6585 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6586 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6587 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6588 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6594 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6595 "until you have specified all that you want."
6601 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6602 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6603 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6604 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6605 "tt> has been run before."
6611 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6612 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6613 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6620 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6621 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6622 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6625 #. type: <heading></heading>
6627 msgid "The Interface"
6633 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6634 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6635 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6636 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6637 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6638 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6639 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6640 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6643 #. type: <heading></heading>
6651 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6652 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6653 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6657 #. type: <example></example>
6662 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6663 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6669 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6670 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6671 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6672 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6678 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6679 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6680 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6681 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6684 #. type: <example></example>
6689 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6690 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6691 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6692 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6693 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6694 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6695 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6696 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6697 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6698 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6699 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6700 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6701 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6702 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6708 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6709 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6710 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6711 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6712 "problem is also included."
6718 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6719 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6720 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6721 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6722 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6723 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6730 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6731 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6732 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6733 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6734 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6735 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6741 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6742 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6743 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6744 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6745 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6748 #. type: <heading></heading>
6750 msgid "The Status Report"
6756 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6757 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6758 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6759 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6760 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6763 #. type: <heading></heading>
6765 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6768 #. type: <example></example>
6772 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6773 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6774 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6775 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6776 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6783 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6784 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6785 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6786 "result of an Auto Install."
6789 #. type: <heading></heading>
6791 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6794 #. type: <example></example>
6798 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6799 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6800 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6801 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6808 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6809 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6810 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6811 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6812 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6813 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6814 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6817 #. type: <heading></heading>
6819 msgid "The New Packages list"
6822 #. type: <example></example>
6826 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6827 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6833 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6834 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6838 #. type: <heading></heading>
6840 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6843 #. type: <example></example>
6847 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6848 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6849 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6855 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6856 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6857 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6858 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6859 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6860 "to resolve their problems."
6863 #. type: <heading></heading>
6865 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6868 #. type: <example></example>
6872 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6879 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6880 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6881 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6884 #. type: <heading></heading>
6886 msgid "Final summary"
6892 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6895 #. type: <example></example>
6899 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6900 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6901 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6907 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
6908 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
6909 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
6910 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
6911 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
6912 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
6913 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
6914 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
6915 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
6916 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
6917 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
6918 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
6919 "the amount of space that will be freed."
6925 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
6926 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
6929 #. type: <heading></heading>
6931 msgid "The Status Display"
6937 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
6941 #. type: <example></example>
6945 "# apt-get update\n"
6946 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
6947 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6948 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
6949 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6950 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
6951 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
6957 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
6958 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
6959 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
6960 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
6961 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
6968 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
6969 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
6970 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
6971 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
6972 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
6973 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
6974 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
6980 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
6981 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
6982 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
6983 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
6984 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
6985 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
6986 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
6987 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
6988 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
6989 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
6990 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
6991 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
6998 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
6999 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7000 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7001 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7005 #. type: <heading></heading>
7013 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7014 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7015 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7016 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7017 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7018 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7021 #. type: <title></title>
7023 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7026 #. type: <version></version>
7028 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7031 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7034 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7035 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7038 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7040 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7043 #. type: <heading></heading>
7045 msgid "Introduction"
7048 #. type: <heading></heading>
7049 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7056 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7057 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7058 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7059 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7065 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7066 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7067 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7068 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7069 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7070 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7071 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7072 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7073 "bad or no connection."
7079 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7080 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7081 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7082 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7085 #. type: <heading></heading>
7087 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7090 #. type: <p><example>
7093 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7094 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7095 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7096 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7099 #. type: <example></example>
7113 #. type: <heading></heading>
7115 msgid "The configuration file"
7121 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7122 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7123 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7124 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7125 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7126 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7129 #. type: <p><example>
7132 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7136 #. type: <example></example>
7142 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7143 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7144 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7146 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7151 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7152 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7153 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7154 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7156 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7157 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7158 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7160 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7161 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7165 #. type: </example></p>
7168 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7169 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7172 #. type: <p><example>
7175 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7176 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7177 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7178 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7179 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7182 #. type: <example></example>
7186 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7187 " # apt-get update\n"
7188 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7189 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7190 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7193 #. type: </example></p>
7196 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7197 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7198 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7199 "your selections back to the local computer."
7202 #. type: <p><example>
7205 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7206 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7209 #. type: <example></example>
7213 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7214 " # apt-get check\n"
7215 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7216 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7217 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7223 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7224 "local one. This is very important!"
7230 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7231 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7232 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7233 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7234 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7237 #. type: <heading></heading>
7239 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7245 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7246 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7247 "already has a list of available packages."
7253 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7254 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7255 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7259 #. type: <heading></heading>
7265 #. type: <p><example>
7268 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7269 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7272 #. type: <example></example>
7276 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7277 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7278 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7279 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7282 #. type: </example></p>
7285 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7292 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7293 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7294 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7295 "output on the disc."
7298 #. type: <p><example>
7300 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7303 #. type: <example></example>
7308 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7312 #. type: </example><example>
7315 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7316 "installation can proceed using,"
7319 #. type: <example></example>
7322 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7325 #. type: </example></p>
7327 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7331 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7332 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7335 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7337 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7338 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7341 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7342 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7345 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7346 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7349 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7350 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7354 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7355 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7356 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7357 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7359 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7360 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7362 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7364 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7365 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7366 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7371 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7372 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7373 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7374 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7378 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7379 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7383 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7384 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7385 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7386 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7388 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7389 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7390 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7391 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7396 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7397 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7398 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7399 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7401 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7402 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7403 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7404 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7406 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7407 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7408 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7409 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7410 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7411 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7413 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7414 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7415 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7416 #~ "configuration \n"
7417 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7418 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7421 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7422 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7423 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7424 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7426 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7427 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7428 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7429 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7431 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7432 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7433 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7434 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7435 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7436 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7437 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7439 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7440 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7441 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7442 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7443 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7446 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7447 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"