1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
13 "POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 09:13+0100\n"
14 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
15 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
16 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
19 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
20 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
26 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
28 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
29 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
38 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
40 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
49 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
50 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
51 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
52 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
53 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
54 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
55 " &reportbug; command.\n"
61 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
63 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
64 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
65 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
72 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
73 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
74 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
75 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
81 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
83 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
90 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
91 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
92 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
93 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
94 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
95 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
106 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
107 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
108 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
119 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
120 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
121 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
122 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
123 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
124 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
125 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
136 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
137 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
138 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
139 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
140 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
141 " times to set different options.\n"
152 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
153 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
154 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
155 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
156 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
157 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
158 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
159 " or several other variations.\n"
165 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
166 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
167 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
168 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
169 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
176 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
177 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
178 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
179 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
187 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
188 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
189 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
198 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
199 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
200 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
201 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
209 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
210 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
211 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
220 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
221 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
222 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
223 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
224 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
225 " from a separate source\n"
226 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
227 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
235 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
236 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
237 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
246 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
247 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
248 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
249 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
257 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
258 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
259 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
268 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
269 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
270 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
272 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
280 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
281 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
282 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
291 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
292 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
293 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
294 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
302 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
303 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
304 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
305 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
314 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
315 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
316 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
317 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
318 " </para></listitem>\n"
327 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
328 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
329 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
330 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
336 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
337 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
338 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
339 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
340 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
341 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
342 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
345 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
346 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
347 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
354 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
355 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
356 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
357 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
358 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
359 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
360 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
361 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
362 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
369 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
370 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
376 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
377 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
383 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
384 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
385 "\"target_release\">"
391 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
392 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
398 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
399 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
405 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
406 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
412 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
413 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
419 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
420 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
426 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
427 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
433 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
434 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
435 "\"temporary_directory\">"
441 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
442 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
448 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
449 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
455 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
456 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
463 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
464 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
471 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
472 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
478 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
479 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
483 #: apt-get.8.xml:28 apt-cache.8.xml:28 apt-key.8.xml:27 apt-mark.8.xml:28
484 #: apt-secure.8.xml:27 apt-cdrom.8.xml:27 apt-config.8.xml:28
488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
489 #: apt-get.8.xml:29 apt-cache.8.xml:29 apt-key.8.xml:28 apt-mark.8.xml:29
490 #: apt-secure.8.xml:28 apt-cdrom.8.xml:28 apt-config.8.xml:29
491 #: apt.conf.5.xml:34 apt_preferences.5.xml:28 sources.list.5.xml:29
492 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:29 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:29 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:29
496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
498 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
502 #: apt-get.8.xml:40 apt-cache.8.xml:40 apt-key.8.xml:39 apt-mark.8.xml:40
503 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52 apt-cdrom.8.xml:39 apt-config.8.xml:40
504 #: apt.conf.5.xml:43 apt_preferences.5.xml:38 sources.list.5.xml:38
505 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:40 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:40 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:40
510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
513 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
514 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
515 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &aptitude;, "
516 "&synaptic; and &wajig;."
519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
520 #: apt-get.8.xml:46 apt-cache.8.xml:46 apt-cdrom.8.xml:53 apt-config.8.xml:46
521 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:56
523 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
524 "one of the commands below must be present."
527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
530 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
531 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
532 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
533 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
534 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
535 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
536 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
537 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
538 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
544 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
545 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
546 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
547 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
548 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
549 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
550 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
551 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
552 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
553 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
559 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
560 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
561 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
562 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
563 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
564 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
565 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
566 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
567 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
568 "individual packages."
571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
574 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
575 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
576 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
577 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
578 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
585 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
586 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
587 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
588 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
589 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the "
590 "package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. "
591 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
592 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
593 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
594 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
595 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
596 "get's conflict resolution system."
599 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
602 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
603 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
604 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
605 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
606 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
607 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
613 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
620 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
621 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
622 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
623 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
624 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
625 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
626 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
632 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
633 "installation policy for individual packages."
636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
639 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
640 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
641 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
642 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
643 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
644 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
651 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
652 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
653 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
654 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
655 "installed instead of removed."
658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
661 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
662 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
669 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
670 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
671 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
672 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
673 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
674 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
675 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
681 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
682 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
683 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
684 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
685 "versions or none at all."
688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
691 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
692 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
693 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
694 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
695 "package will not be unpacked."
698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
701 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
702 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
703 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
704 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
711 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
712 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
713 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
719 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
720 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
721 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
722 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
723 "option> option instead."
726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
729 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
730 "and checks for broken dependencies."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
736 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
743 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
744 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
745 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
746 "partial/</filename>."
749 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
752 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
753 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
754 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
755 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
756 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
757 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
764 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
765 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
766 "now no longer needed."
769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
772 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
773 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
774 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
775 "variable (e.g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs\">packages."
776 "debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://changelogs."
777 "ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> for "
778 "Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
779 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
780 "<option>install</option> command."
783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
784 #: apt-get.8.xml:257 apt-cache.8.xml:250 apt-mark.8.xml:110
785 #: apt-config.8.xml:86 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:54 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:50
786 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:506
790 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
793 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
794 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
800 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
801 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
807 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
808 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
814 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
815 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
816 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
817 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
818 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
819 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
820 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
821 "means using <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of the "
822 "offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> "
823 "may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
824 "Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
830 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
831 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
832 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
833 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
834 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
835 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
836 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
842 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
843 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
844 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
850 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
851 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
852 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
853 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
854 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
855 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
856 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
862 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
863 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
864 "Simulate</literal>."
867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
870 "Simulated runs performed as a user will automatically deactivate locking "
871 "(<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>), and if the option <literal>APT::Get::"
872 "Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (as it is by default) a notice "
873 "will also be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation. Runs "
874 "performed as root do not trigger either NoLocking or the notice - superusers "
875 "should know what they are doing without further warnings from <literal>apt-"
879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
882 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
883 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
884 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
885 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
886 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
892 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
893 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
894 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
895 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
896 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
902 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
903 "Assume-No</literal>."
906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
909 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
910 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
913 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
916 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
917 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
923 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
924 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
925 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
926 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
927 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
928 "Architecture</literal>."
931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
934 "This option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package "
935 "is built by <command>apt-get source --compile</command> and how build "
936 "dependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More "
937 "than one build profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them with "
938 "a comma. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Build-Profiles</literal>."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
944 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
945 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
951 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
952 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
953 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
954 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
957 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
960 "Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with "
961 "<literal>upgrade</literal>. This is useful if the update of a installed "
962 "package requires new dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the "
963 "package back <literal>upgrade</literal> will upgrade the package and install "
964 "the new dependencies. Note that <literal>upgrade</literal> with this option "
965 "will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item: "
966 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New</literal>."
969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
972 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
973 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
974 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
975 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
981 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
982 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
983 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
984 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
990 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
991 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
992 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
993 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
994 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1000 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
1001 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
1002 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
1003 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
1004 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
1005 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
1006 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1007 "Print-URIs</literal>."
1010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1011 #: apt-get.8.xml:449
1013 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
1014 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
1015 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
1016 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
1019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1020 #: apt-get.8.xml:457
1022 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
1023 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
1026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1027 #: apt-get.8.xml:462
1029 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
1030 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
1031 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
1032 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
1033 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1034 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
1037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1038 #: apt-get.8.xml:472
1040 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
1041 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
1042 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
1043 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
1044 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
1045 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
1046 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
1047 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
1048 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
1051 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1052 #: apt-get.8.xml:487
1054 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
1055 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
1056 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
1057 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
1060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1061 #: apt-get.8.xml:494
1063 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
1064 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
1067 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1068 #: apt-get.8.xml:500
1070 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
1071 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
1072 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
1073 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
1076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1077 #: apt-get.8.xml:507
1079 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
1080 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
1081 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
1082 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
1083 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
1084 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
1088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1089 #: apt-get.8.xml:518
1091 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
1092 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
1093 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
1096 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1097 #: apt-get.8.xml:524
1099 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
1100 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
1103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1104 #: apt-get.8.xml:529
1106 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
1107 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1108 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
1111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1112 #: apt-get.8.xml:535
1114 "Show user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages "
1115 "are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machine parsable version of this "
1116 "data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration "
1117 "Item: <literal>DpkgPM::Progress</literal> and <literal>Dpkg::Progress-Fancy</"
1121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1122 #: apt-get.8.xml:548 apt-cache.8.xml:345 apt-key.8.xml:176 apt-mark.8.xml:127
1123 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1209 apt_preferences.5.xml:700
1127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1128 #: apt-get.8.xml:558 apt-cache.8.xml:352 apt-key.8.xml:197 apt-mark.8.xml:133
1129 #: apt-secure.8.xml:193 apt-cdrom.8.xml:154 apt-config.8.xml:111
1130 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1215 apt_preferences.5.xml:707 sources.list.5.xml:280
1131 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:72 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:65
1132 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:609
1135 msgstr "Consulte também"
1137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1138 #: apt-get.8.xml:559
1140 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, "
1141 "&apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the "
1145 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1146 #: apt-get.8.xml:564 apt-cache.8.xml:357 apt-mark.8.xml:137
1147 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:159 apt-config.8.xml:116 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:76
1148 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:69 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:613
1152 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1153 #: apt-get.8.xml:565
1155 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
1159 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1160 #: apt-cache.8.xml:35
1161 msgid "query the APT cache"
1164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1165 #: apt-cache.8.xml:41
1167 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
1168 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
1169 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
1170 "output from the package metadata."
1173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1174 #: apt-cache.8.xml:51
1176 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
1177 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
1180 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1181 #: apt-cache.8.xml:55 apt-cache.8.xml:144 apt-cache.8.xml:165
1182 #: apt-cache.8.xml:187 apt-cache.8.xml:192 apt-cache.8.xml:208
1183 #: apt-cache.8.xml:226 apt-cache.8.xml:238
1184 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
1187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1188 #: apt-cache.8.xml:56
1190 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
1191 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
1192 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
1193 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
1194 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
1195 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
1196 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
1197 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
1198 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
1201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1202 #: apt-cache.8.xml:68
1205 "Package: libreadline2\n"
1206 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
1207 "Reverse Depends: \n"
1208 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
1209 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
1211 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
1214 "Reverse Provides: \n"
1217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1218 #: apt-cache.8.xml:80
1220 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
1221 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
1222 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
1223 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
1224 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
1225 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
1226 "best to consult the apt source code."
1229 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1230 #: apt-cache.8.xml:89
1232 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
1233 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
1236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1237 #: apt-cache.8.xml:92
1239 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
1243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1244 #: apt-cache.8.xml:96
1246 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
1247 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
1248 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
1249 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
1252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1253 #: apt-cache.8.xml:102
1255 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1256 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
1257 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
1258 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
1259 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
1260 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
1263 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1264 #: apt-cache.8.xml:110
1266 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
1267 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
1268 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
1269 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
1272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1273 #: apt-cache.8.xml:116
1275 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1276 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
1277 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
1278 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
1281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1282 #: apt-cache.8.xml:123
1284 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
1285 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
1286 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
1287 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
1288 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
1291 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1292 #: apt-cache.8.xml:130
1294 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
1295 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
1296 "total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
1297 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
1298 "larger than the number of total package names."
1301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1302 #: apt-cache.8.xml:137
1304 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
1305 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
1308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1309 #: apt-cache.8.xml:145
1311 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
1312 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
1313 "records that declare the name to be a binary package."
1316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1317 #: apt-cache.8.xml:151
1319 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
1320 "It is primarily for debugging."
1323 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1324 #: apt-cache.8.xml:156
1326 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
1327 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
1330 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1331 #: apt-cache.8.xml:161
1333 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
1337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1338 #: apt-cache.8.xml:166
1340 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
1341 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
1344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1345 #: apt-cache.8.xml:171
1346 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
1349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1350 #: apt-cache.8.xml:172
1352 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
1353 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
1354 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
1355 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
1356 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
1357 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
1358 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
1359 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
1362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1363 #: apt-cache.8.xml:183
1365 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
1369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1370 #: apt-cache.8.xml:188
1372 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
1373 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
1376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1377 #: apt-cache.8.xml:193
1379 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
1383 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1384 #: apt-cache.8.xml:197
1386 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
1388 "<programlisting>\n"
1389 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1392 #: apt-cache.8.xml:198
1394 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
1395 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
1396 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
1397 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
1401 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1402 #: apt-cache.8.xml:203
1404 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
1405 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
1406 "the generated list."
1409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1410 #: apt-cache.8.xml:209
1412 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
1413 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1414 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
1415 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
1416 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
1417 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
1418 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
1419 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
1422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1423 #: apt-cache.8.xml:218
1425 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
1426 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
1427 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
1428 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
1431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1432 #: apt-cache.8.xml:223
1433 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
1436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1437 #: apt-cache.8.xml:227
1439 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
1440 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
1443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1444 #: apt-cache.8.xml:231
1446 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
1448 "<programlisting>\n"
1449 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1452 #: apt-cache.8.xml:232
1454 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
1455 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
1456 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
1457 "selection of the named package."
1460 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1461 #: apt-cache.8.xml:239
1463 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
1464 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
1465 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
1466 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
1467 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
1468 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
1469 "Architecture</literal>)."
1472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1473 #: apt-cache.8.xml:255
1475 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
1476 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
1477 "pkgcache</literal>."
1480 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1481 #: apt-cache.8.xml:261
1483 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
1484 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
1485 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
1486 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
1487 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
1490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1491 #: apt-cache.8.xml:269
1493 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1494 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1495 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
1496 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1500 #: apt-cache.8.xml:276
1502 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
1503 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
1504 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
1507 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1508 #: apt-cache.8.xml:290
1510 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
1511 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1512 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1513 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1514 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1518 #: apt-cache.8.xml:297
1520 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1521 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1525 #: apt-cache.8.xml:302
1527 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1528 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1529 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1530 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1531 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1532 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1535 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1536 #: apt-cache.8.xml:311
1538 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1539 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1540 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1544 #: apt-cache.8.xml:317
1546 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1547 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1551 #: apt-cache.8.xml:322
1553 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1554 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1555 "AllNames</literal>."
1558 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1559 #: apt-cache.8.xml:328
1561 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1562 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1563 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1567 #: apt-cache.8.xml:335
1569 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1570 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1571 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1575 #: apt-cache.8.xml:353
1576 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1580 #: apt-cache.8.xml:358
1582 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1588 msgid "APT key management utility"
1591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1594 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
1595 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
1596 "keys will be considered trusted."
1599 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1607 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
1608 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
1609 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
1612 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1614 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
1617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1619 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
1622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1624 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
1627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1629 msgid "List trusted keys."
1632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1633 #: apt-key.8.xml:109
1634 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
1637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1638 #: apt-key.8.xml:120
1640 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
1644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1645 #: apt-key.8.xml:132
1647 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
1648 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
1649 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
1650 "distribution, e.g. the &keyring-package; package in &keyring-distro;."
1653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1654 #: apt-key.8.xml:146
1656 "Perform an update working similarly to the <command>update</command> command "
1657 "above, but get the archive keyring from a URI instead and validate it "
1658 "against a master key. This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build "
1659 "configured to have a server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. "
1660 "APT in Debian does not support this command, relying on <command>update</"
1661 "command> instead, but Ubuntu's APT does."
1664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1665 #: apt-key.8.xml:162 apt-cdrom.8.xml:82
1669 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1670 #: apt-key.8.xml:163
1672 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
1676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1677 #: apt-key.8.xml:166
1679 "With this option it is possible to specify a particular keyring file the "
1680 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
1681 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
1682 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
1683 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
1687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1688 #: apt-key.8.xml:181
1690 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
1691 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
1693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1694 #: apt-key.8.xml:182
1695 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
1698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1699 #: apt-key.8.xml:185
1700 msgid "&keyring-filename;"
1703 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1704 #: apt-key.8.xml:186
1705 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive trusted keys."
1708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1709 #: apt-key.8.xml:189
1710 msgid "&keyring-removed-filename;"
1713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1714 #: apt-key.8.xml:190
1715 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive removed trusted keys."
1718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1719 #: apt-key.8.xml:199
1721 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
1722 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1725 #: apt-mark.8.xml:35
1726 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
1729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1730 #: apt-mark.8.xml:41
1732 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
1733 "being automatically installed."
1736 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1737 #: apt-mark.8.xml:45
1739 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
1740 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
1741 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
1742 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
1743 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
1746 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1747 #: apt-mark.8.xml:54
1749 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
1750 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
1751 "installed packages depend on this package."
1754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1755 #: apt-mark.8.xml:62
1757 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
1758 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
1759 "if no other packages depend on it."
1762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1763 #: apt-mark.8.xml:70
1765 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as held back, which will "
1766 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
1767 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
1768 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
1769 "affected by the <option>--file</option> option."
1772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1773 #: apt-mark.8.xml:80
1775 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
1776 "package to allow all actions again."
1779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1780 #: apt-mark.8.xml:86
1782 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
1783 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
1784 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
1785 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
1788 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1789 #: apt-mark.8.xml:94
1791 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
1792 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
1793 "installed packages instead."
1796 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1797 #: apt-mark.8.xml:101
1799 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
1800 "the same way as for the other show commands."
1803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1804 #: apt-mark.8.xml:117
1806 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
1807 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
1808 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
1809 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
1812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1813 #: apt-mark.8.xml:138
1815 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
1819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1820 #: apt-secure.8.xml:49
1821 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
1824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1825 #: apt-secure.8.xml:54
1827 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
1828 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
1829 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
1830 "the Release file signing key."
1833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1834 #: apt-secure.8.xml:62
1836 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature, or with a signature "
1837 "that apt does not have a key for, that package is considered untrusted, and "
1838 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
1839 "currently only warn for unsigned archives; future releases might force all "
1840 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
1843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1844 #: apt-secure.8.xml:71
1846 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
1847 "authentication feature."
1850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1851 #: apt-secure.8.xml:76
1852 msgid "Trusted archives"
1855 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1856 #: apt-secure.8.xml:79
1858 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of several "
1859 "steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this chain; "
1860 "trusting an archive does not mean that you trust its packages not to contain "
1861 "malicious code, but means that you trust the archive maintainer. It's the "
1862 "archive maintainer's responsibility to ensure that the archive's integrity "
1866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1867 #: apt-secure.8.xml:87
1869 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
1870 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
1871 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
1872 "packages respectively)."
1875 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1876 #: apt-secure.8.xml:94
1878 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
1879 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. In order to become "
1880 "effective, this upload needs to be signed by a key contained in the Debian "
1881 "Maintainers keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). Maintainers' "
1882 "keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established procedures to "
1883 "ensure the identity of the key holder."
1886 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1887 #: apt-secure.8.xml:104
1889 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
1890 "maintainer signature is stripped off, and checksums of the package are "
1891 "computed and put in the Packages file. The checksums of all of the Packages "
1892 "files are then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is "
1893 "then signed by the archive key for this &keyring-distro; release, and "
1894 "distributed alongside the packages and the Packages files on &keyring-"
1895 "distro; mirrors. The keys are in the &keyring-distro; archive keyring "
1896 "available in the &keyring-package; package."
1899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1900 #: apt-secure.8.xml:115
1902 "End users can check the signature of the Release file, extract a checksum of "
1903 "a package from it and compare it with the checksum of the package they "
1904 "downloaded by hand - or rely on APT doing this automatically."
1907 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1908 #: apt-secure.8.xml:120
1910 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
1911 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
1914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1915 #: apt-secure.8.xml:125
1917 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
1918 "checking, malicious agents can introduce themselves into the package "
1919 "download process and provide malicious software either by controlling a "
1920 "network element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue "
1921 "server (through ARP or DNS spoofing attacks)."
1924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1925 #: apt-secure.8.xml:133
1927 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
1928 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
1929 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
1933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1934 #: apt-secure.8.xml:140
1936 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
1937 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
1938 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
1939 "package signature."
1942 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1943 #: apt-secure.8.xml:146
1944 msgid "User configuration"
1947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1948 #: apt-secure.8.xml:148
1950 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
1951 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys, although an installation of "
1952 "this release will automatically contain the default Debian archive signing "
1953 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
1956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1957 #: apt-secure.8.xml:155
1959 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
1960 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
1961 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
1962 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
1963 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
1967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1968 #: apt-secure.8.xml:164
1969 msgid "Archive configuration"
1972 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1973 #: apt-secure.8.xml:166
1975 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
1976 "maintenance you have to:"
1979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1980 #: apt-secure.8.xml:171
1982 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
1983 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
1984 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
1987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1988 #: apt-secure.8.xml:176
1990 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
1991 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
1992 "gpg Release</command>."
1995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1996 #: apt-secure.8.xml:180
1998 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
1999 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
2003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2004 #: apt-secure.8.xml:187
2006 "Whenever the contents of the archive change (new packages are added or "
2007 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps outlined "
2011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2012 #: apt-secure.8.xml:195
2014 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
2015 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
2018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2019 #: apt-secure.8.xml:199
2021 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
2022 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
2023 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
2024 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
2025 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
2026 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
2029 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2030 #: apt-secure.8.xml:212
2031 msgid "Manpage Authors"
2034 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2035 #: apt-secure.8.xml:214
2037 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
2038 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
2041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2042 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:34
2043 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
2046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2047 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:40
2049 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
2050 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
2051 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
2052 "burns and verifying the index files."
2055 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2056 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:47
2058 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
2059 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
2060 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
2063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2064 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:58
2066 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
2067 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
2068 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
2069 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
2073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2074 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:66
2076 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
2077 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
2081 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2082 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:74
2084 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
2088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2089 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:87
2091 "Do not try to auto-detect the CD-ROM path. Usually combined with the "
2092 "<option>--cdrom</option> option. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
2093 "cdrom::AutoDetect</literal>."
2096 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2097 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:95
2099 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
2100 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
2101 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
2104 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2105 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:104
2107 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
2108 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
2109 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
2112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2113 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:113
2115 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
2116 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
2117 "NoMount</literal>."
2120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2121 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:121
2123 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
2124 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
2125 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
2126 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
2129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2130 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:131
2132 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
2133 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
2134 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
2137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2138 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:142
2140 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
2141 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
2142 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
2145 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2146 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:155
2148 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
2149 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2152 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:160
2154 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2159 #: apt-config.8.xml:35
2160 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
2163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2164 #: apt-config.8.xml:41
2166 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
2167 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
2168 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
2169 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
2172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2173 #: apt-config.8.xml:53
2175 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
2176 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
2177 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
2178 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
2182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
2183 #: apt-config.8.xml:61
2187 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
2191 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2192 #: apt-config.8.xml:66
2194 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
2195 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
2198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2199 #: apt-config.8.xml:70
2201 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
2202 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
2203 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
2206 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2207 #: apt-config.8.xml:79
2208 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
2211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2212 #: apt-config.8.xml:92
2214 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
2215 "empty to remove them from the output."
2218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
2219 #: apt-config.8.xml:97
2220 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
2223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2224 #: apt-config.8.xml:98
2226 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
2227 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
2228 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
2229 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
2230 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
2231 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
2234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2235 #: apt-config.8.xml:112 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:73 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:66
2236 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:610
2244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2245 #: apt-config.8.xml:117
2247 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
2252 #: apt.conf.5.xml:22
2253 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
2256 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
2257 #: apt.conf.5.xml:23
2258 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
2261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
2262 #: apt.conf.5.xml:33 apt_preferences.5.xml:27 sources.list.5.xml:28
2266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2267 #: apt.conf.5.xml:40
2268 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
2271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2272 #: apt.conf.5.xml:44
2274 "<filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file shared "
2275 "by all the tools in the APT suite of tools, though it is by no means the "
2276 "only place options can be set. The suite also shares a common command line "
2277 "parser to provide a uniform environment."
2280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
2281 #: apt.conf.5.xml:50
2283 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
2287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2288 #: apt.conf.5.xml:52
2290 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
2294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2295 #: apt.conf.5.xml:54
2297 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
2298 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
2299 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
2300 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
2301 "ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
2302 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will "
2303 "be silently ignored."
2306 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2307 #: apt.conf.5.xml:61
2309 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
2312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2313 #: apt.conf.5.xml:63
2315 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
2316 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
2319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2320 #: apt.conf.5.xml:67
2324 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2325 #: apt.conf.5.xml:68
2327 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
2328 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
2329 "notation; for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
2330 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
2331 "their parent groups."
2334 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2335 #: apt.conf.5.xml:74
2337 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
2338 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
2339 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
2340 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
2341 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The "
2342 "quotation marks and trailing semicolon are required. The value must be on "
2343 "one line, and there is no kind of string concatenation. Values must not "
2344 "include backslashes or extra quotation marks. Option names are made up of "
2345 "alphanumeric characters and the characters \"/-:._+\". A new scope can be "
2346 "opened with curly braces, like this:"
2349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2350 #: apt.conf.5.xml:87
2355 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
2356 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
2361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2362 #: apt.conf.5.xml:95
2364 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
2365 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
2366 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, separated by a semicolon."
2369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2370 #: apt.conf.5.xml:100
2372 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
2375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2376 #: apt.conf.5.xml:103
2378 "In general the sample configuration file &configureindex; is a good guide "
2379 "for how it should look."
2382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2383 #: apt.conf.5.xml:106
2385 "Case is not significant in names of configuration items, so in the previous "
2386 "example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
2389 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2390 #: apt.conf.5.xml:109
2392 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as can "
2393 "be seen in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. If "
2394 "you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
2395 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option in the same way as "
2396 "any other option by reassigning a new value to the option."
2399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2400 #: apt.conf.5.xml:114
2402 "Two special commands are defined: <literal>#include</literal> (which is "
2403 "deprecated and not supported by alternative implementations) and "
2404 "<literal>#clear</literal>. <literal>#include</literal> will include the "
2405 "given file, unless the filename ends in a slash, in which case the whole "
2406 "directory is included. <literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of "
2407 "the configuration tree. The specified element and all its descendants are "
2408 "erased. (Note that these lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
2411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2412 #: apt.conf.5.xml:124
2414 "The <literal>#clear</literal> command is the only way to delete a list or a "
2415 "complete scope. Reopening a scope (or using the syntax described below with "
2416 "an appended <literal>::</literal>) will <emphasis>not</emphasis> override "
2417 "previously written entries. Options can only be overridden by addressing a "
2418 "new value to them - lists and scopes can't be overridden, only cleared."
2421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2422 #: apt.conf.5.xml:132
2424 "All of the APT tools take an -o option which allows an arbitrary "
2425 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
2426 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
2427 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
2428 "element to a list, add a trailing <literal>::</literal> to the name of the "
2429 "list. (As you might suspect, the scope syntax can't be used on the command "
2433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2434 #: apt.conf.5.xml:140
2436 "Note that appending items to a list using <literal>::</literal> only works "
2437 "for one item per line, and that you should not use it in combination with "
2438 "the scope syntax (which adds <literal>::</literal> implicitly). Using both "
2439 "syntaxes together will trigger a bug which some users unfortunately depend "
2440 "on: an option with the unusual name \"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts "
2441 "like every other option with a name. This introduces many problems; for one "
2442 "thing, users who write multiple lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> "
2443 "syntax in the hope of appending to a list will achieve the opposite, as only "
2444 "the last assignment for this option \"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. "
2445 "Future versions of APT will raise errors and stop working if they encounter "
2446 "this misuse, so please correct such statements now while APT doesn't "
2447 "explicitly complain about them."
2450 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2451 #: apt.conf.5.xml:155
2452 msgid "The APT Group"
2455 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2456 #: apt.conf.5.xml:156
2458 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
2459 "options for all of the tools."
2462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2463 #: apt.conf.5.xml:161
2465 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
2466 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
2470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2471 #: apt.conf.5.xml:168
2473 "All Architectures the system supports. For instance, CPUs implementing the "
2474 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) "
2475 "instruction set are also able to execute binaries compiled for the "
2476 "<literal>i386</literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set. This list "
2477 "is used when fetching files and parsing package lists. The initial default "
2478 "is always the system's native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</"
2479 "literal>), and foreign architectures are added to the default list when they "
2480 "are registered via <command>dpkg --add-architecture</command>."
2483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2484 #: apt.conf.5.xml:182
2486 "List of all build profiles enabled for build-dependency resolution, without "
2487 "the \"<literal>profile.</literal>\" namespace prefix. By default this list "
2488 "is empty. The <envar>DEB_BUILD_PROFILES</envar> as used by &dpkg-"
2489 "buildpackage; overrides the list notation."
2492 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2493 #: apt.conf.5.xml:190
2495 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version is "
2496 "available. Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: "
2497 "'stable', 'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', "
2498 "'4.0', '5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
2501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2502 #: apt.conf.5.xml:196
2504 "Ignore held packages; this global option causes the problem resolver to "
2505 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
2508 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2509 #: apt.conf.5.xml:201
2511 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
2512 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
2513 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
2514 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
2517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2518 #: apt.conf.5.xml:209
2520 "Defaults to on, which will cause APT to install essential and important "
2521 "packages as soon as possible in an install/upgrade operation, in order to "
2522 "limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call. If this option is disabled, APT "
2523 "treats an important package in the same way as an extra package: between the "
2524 "unpacking of the package A and its configuration there can be many other "
2525 "unpack or configuration calls for other unrelated packages B, C etc. If "
2526 "these cause the &dpkg; call to fail (e.g. because package B's maintainer "
2527 "scripts generate an error), this results in a system state in which package "
2528 "A is unpacked but unconfigured - so any package depending on A is now no "
2529 "longer guaranteed to work, as its dependency on A is no longer satisfied."
2532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2533 #: apt.conf.5.xml:221
2535 "The immediate configuration marker is also applied in the potentially "
2536 "problematic case of circular dependencies, since a dependency with the "
2537 "immediate flag is equivalent to a Pre-Dependency. In theory this allows APT "
2538 "to recognise a situation in which it is unable to perform immediate "
2539 "configuration, abort, and suggest to the user that the option should be "
2540 "temporarily deactivated in order to allow the operation to proceed. Note "
2541 "the use of the word \"theory\" here; in the real world this problem has "
2542 "rarely been encountered, in non-stable distribution versions, and was caused "
2543 "by wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an "
2544 "already broken state; so you should not blindly disable this option, as the "
2545 "scenario mentioned above is not the only problem it can help to prevent in "
2549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2550 #: apt.conf.5.xml:234
2552 "Before a big operation like <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> is run with this "
2553 "option disabled you should try to explicitly <literal>install</literal> the "
2554 "package APT is unable to configure immediately; but please make sure you "
2555 "also report your problem to your distribution and to the APT team with the "
2556 "buglink below, so they can work on improving or correcting the upgrade "
2560 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2561 #: apt.conf.5.xml:245
2563 "Never enable this option unless you <emphasis>really</emphasis> know what "
2564 "you are doing. It permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to "
2565 "break a Conflicts/Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depends loop between two "
2566 "essential packages. <emphasis>Such a loop should never exist and is a grave "
2567 "bug</emphasis>. This option will work if the essential packages are not "
2568 "<command>tar</command>, <command>gzip</command>, <command>libc</command>, "
2569 "<command>dpkg</command>, <command>dash</command> or anything that those "
2570 "packages depend on."
2573 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2574 #: apt.conf.5.xml:257
2576 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
2577 "the available information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint of "
2578 "the size the cache will grow to, and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
2579 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
2580 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT; otherwise it will "
2581 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
2582 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
2583 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
2584 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the cache size will be increased in the event "
2585 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. This "
2586 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
2587 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
2588 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
2589 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
2590 "automatic growth of the cache is disabled."
2593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2594 #: apt.conf.5.xml:273
2595 msgid "Defines which packages are considered essential build dependencies."
2598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2599 #: apt.conf.5.xml:277
2601 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool; please see its documentation "
2602 "for more information about the options here."
2605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2606 #: apt.conf.5.xml:282
2608 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool; please see its "
2609 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2612 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2613 #: apt.conf.5.xml:287
2615 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool; please see its "
2616 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2619 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2620 #: apt.conf.5.xml:293
2621 msgid "The Acquire Group"
2624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2625 #: apt.conf.5.xml:294
2627 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
2628 "packages as well as the various \"acquire methods\" responsible for the "
2629 "download itself (see also &sources-list;)."
2632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2633 #: apt.conf.5.xml:301
2635 "Security related option defaulting to true, as giving a Release file's "
2636 "validation an expiration date prevents replay attacks over a long timescale, "
2637 "and can also for example help users to identify mirrors that are no longer "
2638 "updated - but the feature depends on the correctness of the clock on the "
2639 "user system. Archive maintainers are encouraged to create Release files with "
2640 "the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header, but if they don't or a stricter "
2641 "value is desired the <literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option below can be "
2645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2646 #: apt.conf.5.xml:314
2648 "Maximum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2649 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2650 "should be considered valid. If the Release file itself includes a "
2651 "<literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of the two is used as "
2652 "the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</literal> which stands "
2653 "for \"valid forever\". Archive specific settings can be made by appending "
2654 "the label of the archive to the option name."
2657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2658 #: apt.conf.5.xml:326
2660 "Minimum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2661 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2662 "should be considered valid. Use this if you need to use a seldom updated "
2663 "(local) mirror of a more frequently updated archive with a <literal>Valid-"
2664 "Until</literal> header instead of completely disabling the expiration date "
2665 "checking. Archive specific settings can and should be used by appending the "
2666 "label of the archive to the option name."
2669 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2670 #: apt.conf.5.xml:338
2672 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for indexes (like "
2673 "<filename>Packages</filename> files) instead of downloading whole ones. True "
2677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2678 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341
2680 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: "
2681 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be used to specify a maximum number of "
2682 "PDiff files should be downloaded to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</"
2683 "literal> on the other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all "
2684 "patches compared to the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is "
2685 "exceeded the complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
2688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2689 #: apt.conf.5.xml:351
2691 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
2692 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
2693 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
2694 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
2695 "connection per URI type will be opened."
2698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2699 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
2701 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
2702 "files the given number of times."
2705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2706 #: apt.conf.5.xml:364
2708 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
2709 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
2712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2713 #: apt.conf.5.xml:369
2715 "<literal>http::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for HTTP URIs. "
2716 "It is in the standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2717 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2718 "<literal>http::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2719 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2720 "settings is specified, <envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will "
2724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2725 #: apt.conf.5.xml:377
2727 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
2728 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy not to use its cached "
2729 "response under any circumstances. <literal>Max-Age</literal> sets the "
2730 "allowed maximum age (in seconds) of an index file in the cache of the "
2731 "proxy. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the proxy should not "
2732 "store the requested archive files in its cache, which can be used to prevent "
2733 "the proxy from polluting its cache with (big) .deb files."
2736 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2737 #: apt.conf.5.xml:387 apt.conf.5.xml:475
2739 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
2740 "method; this value applies to the connection as well as the data timeout."
2743 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2744 #: apt.conf.5.xml:390
2746 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
2747 "enable HTTP pipelining (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
2748 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are sent in a "
2749 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
2750 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
2751 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
2752 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
2755 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2756 #: apt.conf.5.xml:397
2758 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls whether APT will "
2759 "follow redirects, which is enabled by default."
2762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2763 #: apt.conf.5.xml:400
2765 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
2766 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobytes per second. The default "
2767 "value is 0 which deactivates the limit and tries to use all available "
2768 "bandwidth. Note that this option implicitly disables downloading from "
2769 "multiple servers at the same time."
2772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2773 #: apt.conf.5.xml:407
2775 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
2776 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
2777 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
2780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2781 #: apt.conf.5.xml:411
2783 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy-Auto-Detect</literal> can be used to specify "
2784 "an external command to discover the http proxy to use. Apt expects the "
2785 "command to output the proxy on stdout in the style <literal>http://proxy:"
2786 "port/</literal>. This will override the generic <literal>Acquire::http::"
2787 "Proxy</literal> but not any specific host proxy configuration set via "
2788 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy::$HOST</literal>. See the &squid-deb-proxy-"
2789 "client; package for an example implementation that uses avahi. This option "
2790 "takes precedence over the legacy option name <literal>ProxyAutoDetect</"
2794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2795 #: apt.conf.5.xml:429
2797 "The <literal>Cache-control</literal>, <literal>Timeout</literal>, "
2798 "<literal>AllowRedirect</literal>, <literal>Dl-Limit</literal> and "
2799 "<literal>proxy</literal> options work for HTTPS URIs in the same way as for "
2800 "the <literal>http</literal> method, and default to the same values if they "
2801 "are not explicitly set. The <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is not "
2805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2806 #: apt.conf.5.xml:437
2808 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
2809 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is the "
2810 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
2811 "suboption determines whether or not the server's host certificate should be "
2812 "verified against trusted certificates. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</"
2813 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</"
2814 "literal> boolean suboption determines whether or not the server's hostname "
2815 "should be verified. <literal><host>::Verify-Host</literal> is the "
2816 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslCert</literal> determines what "
2817 "certificate to use for client authentication. <literal><host>::"
2818 "SslCert</literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslKey</"
2819 "literal> determines what private key to use for client authentication. "
2820 "<literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is the corresponding per-host "
2821 "option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides default SSL version to "
2822 "use. It can contain either of the strings '<literal>TLSv1</literal>' or "
2823 "'<literal>SSLv3</literal>'. <literal><host>::SslForceVersion</"
2824 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option."
2827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2828 #: apt.conf.5.xml:458
2830 "<literal>ftp::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for FTP URIs. "
2831 "It is in the standard form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2832 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2833 "<literal>ftp::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2834 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2835 "settings is specified, <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be "
2836 "used. To use an FTP proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</"
2837 "literal> script in the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands "
2838 "to send to tell the proxy server what to connect to. Please see "
2839 "&configureindex; for an example of how to do this. The substitution "
2840 "variables representing the corresponding URI component are <literal>"
2841 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal>, <literal>"
2842 "$(SITE_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE)</"
2843 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal>."
2846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2847 #: apt.conf.5.xml:478
2849 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
2850 "to leave passive mode on; it works in nearly every environment. However, "
2851 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode FTP used "
2852 "instead. This can be done globally or for connections that go through a "
2853 "proxy or for a specific host (see the sample config file for examples)."
2856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2857 #: apt.conf.5.xml:485
2859 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
2860 "envar> environment variable to an HTTP URL - see the discussion of the http "
2861 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
2862 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
2865 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2866 #: apt.conf.5.xml:490
2868 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
2869 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
2870 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
2871 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
2872 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
2875 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
2876 #: apt.conf.5.xml:504
2878 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
2881 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2882 #: apt.conf.5.xml:499
2884 "For URIs using the <literal>cdrom</literal> method, the only configurable "
2885 "option is the mount point, <literal>cdrom::Mount</literal>, which must be "
2886 "the mount point for the CD-ROM (or DVD, or whatever) drive as specified in "
2887 "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to provide alternate mount "
2888 "and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be listed in the fstab. The "
2889 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
2890 "<literal>cdrom</literal> block. It is important to have the trailing slash. "
2891 "Unmount commands can be specified using UMount."
2894 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2895 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
2897 "For GPGV URIs the only configurable option is <literal>gpgv::Options</"
2898 "literal>, which passes additional parameters to gpgv."
2901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2902 #: apt.conf.5.xml:523
2904 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
2907 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2908 #: apt.conf.5.xml:518
2910 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
2911 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
2912 "compression formats. By default the acquire methods can decompress "
2913 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
2914 "command> compressed files; with this setting more formats can be added on "
2915 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
2916 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
2919 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2920 #: apt.conf.5.xml:528
2922 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
2925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
2926 #: apt.conf.5.xml:531
2928 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
2931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2932 #: apt.conf.5.xml:524
2934 "Also, the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
2935 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
2936 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
2937 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simply add the "
2938 "preferred type first - default types not already added will be implicitly "
2939 "appended to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
2940 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
2941 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
2942 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
2943 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this: "
2944 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
2945 "<literal>bz2</literal> to the list explicitly as it will be added "
2949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
2950 #: apt.conf.5.xml:538
2952 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
2955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2956 #: apt.conf.5.xml:533
2958 "Note that the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable></"
2959 "literal> will be checked at run time. If this option has been set, the "
2960 "method will only be used if this file exists; e.g. for the <literal>bzip2</"
2961 "literal> method (the inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout"
2962 "\" id=\"0\"/> Note also that list entries specified on the command line will "
2963 "be added at the end of the list specified in the configuration files, but "
2964 "before the default entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones "
2965 "specified in the configuration files you can set the option direct - not in "
2966 "list style. This will not override the defined list; it will only prefix "
2967 "the list with this type."
2970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2971 #: apt.conf.5.xml:543
2973 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
2974 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
2975 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
2978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2979 #: apt.conf.5.xml:550
2981 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
2982 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
2983 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
2984 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
2987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2988 #: apt.conf.5.xml:558
2990 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
2991 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the description-"
2992 "translations. APT will try to display the first available description in the "
2993 "language which is listed first. Languages can be defined with their short or "
2994 "long language codes. Note that not all archives provide "
2995 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every language - the long "
2996 "language codes are especially rare."
2999 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3000 #: apt.conf.5.xml:575
3002 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3006 #: apt.conf.5.xml:563
3008 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3009 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: it will be "
3010 "replaced at runtime with the language codes extracted from the "
3011 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3012 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3013 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3014 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3015 "force APT to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3016 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3017 "meaning code which will stop the search for a suitable "
3018 "<filename>Translation</filename> file. This tells APT to download these "
3019 "translations too, without actually using them unless the environment "
3020 "specifies the languages. So the following example configuration will result "
3021 "in the order \"en, de\" in an English locale or \"de, en\" in a German one. "
3022 "Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used unless APT is used in a French "
3023 "locale (where the order would be \"fr, de, en\"). <placeholder type="
3024 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
3027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3028 #: apt.conf.5.xml:576
3030 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3031 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3032 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3033 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3037 #: apt.conf.5.xml:585
3038 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv4 protocol."
3041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3042 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
3043 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv6 protocol."
3046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3047 #: apt.conf.5.xml:598
3051 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3052 #: apt.conf.5.xml:600
3054 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3055 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3056 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3057 "&dpkg; status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3058 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3059 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub-items if they do not "
3060 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3064 #: apt.conf.5.xml:607
3066 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3067 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3068 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3069 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3070 "be turned off by setting their names to the empty string. This will slow "
3071 "down startup but save disk space. It is probably preferable to turn off the "
3072 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3073 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3077 #: apt.conf.5.xml:616
3079 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3080 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3081 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3082 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3083 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3087 #: apt.conf.5.xml:622
3089 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3090 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3091 "main config file is loaded."
3094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3095 #: apt.conf.5.xml:626
3097 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3098 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3099 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3100 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3101 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3102 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3105 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3106 #: apt.conf.5.xml:634
3108 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3109 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3110 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3111 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3112 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3113 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3114 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3118 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3119 #: apt.conf.5.xml:647
3121 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3122 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3123 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3124 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3125 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3126 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3130 #: apt.conf.5.xml:656
3131 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3135 #: apt.conf.5.xml:658
3137 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3138 "control the default behavior. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3143 #: apt.conf.5.xml:663
3145 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of <literal>always</literal>, "
3146 "<literal>prompt</literal>, <literal>auto</literal>, <literal>pre-auto</"
3147 "literal> and <literal>never</literal>. <literal>always</literal> and "
3148 "<literal>prompt</literal> will remove all packages from the cache after "
3149 "upgrading, <literal>prompt</literal> (the default) does so conditionally. "
3150 "<literal>auto</literal> removes only those packages which are no longer "
3151 "downloadable (replaced with a new version for instance). <literal>pre-auto</"
3152 "literal> performs this action before downloading new packages."
3155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3156 #: apt.conf.5.xml:677
3158 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3159 "options when it is run for the install phase."
3162 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3163 #: apt.conf.5.xml:682
3165 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3166 "options when it is run for the update phase."
3169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3170 #: apt.conf.5.xml:687
3172 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
3173 "The default is to prompt only on error."
3176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3177 #: apt.conf.5.xml:693
3178 msgid "How APT calls &dpkg;"
3181 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3182 #: apt.conf.5.xml:694
3184 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
3185 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
3188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3189 #: apt.conf.5.xml:699
3191 "This is a list of options to pass to &dpkg;. The options must be specified "
3192 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
3196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3197 #: apt.conf.5.xml:705
3199 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3200 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3201 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3202 "fail APT will abort."
3205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3206 #: apt.conf.5.xml:712
3208 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3209 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3210 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3211 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass the filenames of all .deb files it is "
3212 "going to install to the commands, one per line on the requested file "
3213 "descriptor, defaulting to standard input."
3216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3217 #: apt.conf.5.xml:719
3219 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
3220 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
3221 "being changed. Version 3 adds the architecture and <literal>MultiArch</"
3222 "literal> flag to each version being dumped."
3225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3226 #: apt.conf.5.xml:724
3228 "The version of the protocol to be used for the command "
3229 "<literal><replaceable>cmd</replaceable></literal> can be chosen by setting "
3230 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::Version</"
3231 "literal> accordingly, the default being version 1. If APT isn't supporting "
3232 "the requested version it will send the information in the highest version it "
3233 "has support for instead."
3236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3237 #: apt.conf.5.xml:731
3239 "The file descriptor to be used to send the information can be requested with "
3240 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::InfoFD</"
3241 "literal> which defaults to <literal>0</literal> for standard input and is "
3242 "available since version 0.9.11. Support for the option can be detected by "
3243 "looking for the environment variable <envar>APT_HOOK_INFO_FD</envar> which "
3244 "contains the number of the used file descriptor as a confirmation."
3247 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3248 #: apt.conf.5.xml:741
3250 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking &dpkg;, the default is "
3251 "<filename>/</filename>."
3254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3255 #: apt.conf.5.xml:746
3257 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages; the "
3258 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
3261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3262 #: apt.conf.5.xml:751
3263 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
3266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3267 #: apt.conf.5.xml:752
3269 "APT can call &dpkg; in such a way as to let it make aggressive use of "
3270 "triggers over multiple calls of &dpkg;. Without further options &dpkg; will "
3271 "use triggers once each time it runs. Activating these options can therefore "
3272 "decrease the time needed to perform the install or upgrade. Note that it is "
3273 "intended to activate these options per default in the future, but as it "
3274 "drastically changes the way APT calls &dpkg; it needs a lot more testing. "
3275 "<emphasis>These options are therefore currently experimental and should not "
3276 "be used in production environments.</emphasis> It also breaks progress "
3277 "reporting such that all front-ends will currently stay around half (or more) "
3278 "of the time in the 100% state while it actually configures all packages."
3281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
3282 #: apt.conf.5.xml:767
3285 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
3286 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
3287 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
3288 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
3291 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3292 #: apt.conf.5.xml:761
3294 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
3295 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
3296 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
3297 "enough to help testing them, create a new configuration file and test a "
3298 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
3299 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
3300 "reports. Asking &dpkg; for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
3301 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
3302 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3306 #: apt.conf.5.xml:774
3308 "Add the no triggers flag to all &dpkg; calls (except the ConfigurePending "
3309 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
3310 "short: &dpkg; will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it "
3311 "is explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option "
3312 "exists (undocumented) also in older APT versions with a slightly different "
3313 "meaning: Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure "
3314 "calls to &dpkg; - now APT will also add this flag to the unpack and remove "
3318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3319 #: apt.conf.5.xml:782
3321 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
3322 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". The default value is \"<literal>all</literal>"
3323 "\", which causes APT to configure all packages. The \"<literal>smart</"
3324 "literal>\" way is to configure only packages which need to be configured "
3325 "before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends), and let the rest be "
3326 "configured by &dpkg; with a call generated by the ConfigurePending option "
3327 "(see below). On the other hand, \"<literal>no</literal>\" will not configure "
3328 "anything, and totally relies on &dpkg; for configuration (which at the "
3329 "moment will fail if a Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to "
3330 "any value other than <literal>all</literal> will implicitly also activate "
3331 "the next option by default, as otherwise the system could end in an "
3332 "unconfigured and potentially unbootable state."
3335 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3336 #: apt.conf.5.xml:797
3338 "If this option is set APT will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
3339 "command> to let &dpkg; handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
3340 "option is activated automatically per default if the previous option is not "
3341 "set to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating it could be useful if you "
3342 "want to run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these "
3343 "sceneries you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
3346 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3347 #: apt.conf.5.xml:804
3349 "Useful for the <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
3350 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal>, and "
3351 "&dpkg; treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a "
3352 "showstopper for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will "
3353 "process all triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
3356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3357 #: apt.conf.5.xml:817
3360 "OrderList::Score {\n"
3362 "\tEssential 200;\n"
3364 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
3368 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3369 #: apt.conf.5.xml:810
3371 "Essential packages (and their dependencies) should be configured immediately "
3372 "after unpacking. It is a good idea to do this quite early in the upgrade "
3373 "process as these configure calls also currently require <literal>DPkg::"
3374 "TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers (which may not "
3375 "be needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the immediate flag "
3376 "is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is rated higher). "
3377 "These option and the others in the same group can be used to change the "
3378 "scoring. The following example shows the settings with their default "
3379 "values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3383 #: apt.conf.5.xml:830
3384 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
3387 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3388 #: apt.conf.5.xml:831
3390 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
3391 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by the "
3392 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See the top of this script "
3393 "for the brief documentation of these options."
3396 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3397 #: apt.conf.5.xml:839
3398 msgid "Debug options"
3401 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3402 #: apt.conf.5.xml:841
3404 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
3405 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
3406 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
3407 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
3408 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
3412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3413 #: apt.conf.5.xml:852
3415 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
3416 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
3420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3421 #: apt.conf.5.xml:860
3423 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
3424 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
3425 "literal>) as a non-root user."
3428 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3429 #: apt.conf.5.xml:869
3431 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
3432 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
3436 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
3438 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3439 #: apt.conf.5.xml:877
3441 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
3445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3446 #: apt.conf.5.xml:887
3447 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
3450 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3451 #: apt.conf.5.xml:896
3453 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
3456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3457 #: apt.conf.5.xml:907
3458 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
3461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3462 #: apt.conf.5.xml:918
3463 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
3466 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3467 #: apt.conf.5.xml:929
3468 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
3471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3472 #: apt.conf.5.xml:940
3474 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
3475 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
3478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3479 #: apt.conf.5.xml:951
3481 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
3482 "stored on CD-ROMs."
3485 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3486 #: apt.conf.5.xml:961
3487 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
3490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3491 #: apt.conf.5.xml:971
3493 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
3494 "literal> libraries."
3497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3498 #: apt.conf.5.xml:981
3500 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
3501 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
3505 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3506 #: apt.conf.5.xml:992
3508 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
3509 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
3512 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3513 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1004
3514 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
3517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3518 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1014
3520 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
3521 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
3524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3525 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1024
3527 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
3528 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
3531 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3532 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1036
3534 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
3535 "index diffs instead of full indices."
3538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3539 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1047
3541 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
3544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3545 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1058
3547 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
3548 "the removal of unused packages."
3551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3552 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1068
3554 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
3555 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
3556 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
3557 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
3558 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
3561 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3562 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1082
3564 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are marked as keep/install/"
3565 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
3566 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional "
3567 "spaces under the original entry. The format for each line is "
3568 "<literal>MarkKeep</literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or "
3569 "<literal>MarkInstall</literal> followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -"
3570 "> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is "
3571 "the current version of the package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version "
3572 "considered for installation and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, "
3573 "but not considered for installation (because of a low pin score). The later "
3574 "two can be omitted if there is none or if it is the same as the installed "
3575 "version. <literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package "
3579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3580 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1103
3582 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
3583 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
3586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3587 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1114
3589 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
3590 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
3593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3594 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1125
3596 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
3597 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
3600 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3601 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1137
3603 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
3606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3607 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1148
3608 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
3611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3612 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1158
3614 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
3615 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
3618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3619 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1169
3621 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
3622 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
3623 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
3626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3627 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1181
3629 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
3633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3634 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1203 apt_preferences.5.xml:547 sources.list.5.xml:239
3635 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
3640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3641 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1204
3643 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
3647 #. ? reading apt.conf
3648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3649 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1216
3651 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
3652 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
3654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3655 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:34
3657 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
3658 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
3660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3661 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:39
3664 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
3665 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
3666 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
3669 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
3670 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
3673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3674 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:44
3677 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
3678 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
3679 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
3680 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
3681 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
3682 "priority for installation. The APT preferences override the priorities that "
3683 "APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the user control "
3684 "over which one is selected for installation."
3686 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
3687 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
3688 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
3689 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
3690 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
3691 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
3692 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
3693 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
3694 "selecionada para instalação."
3696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3697 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:54
3700 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
3701 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
3702 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
3703 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences do not affect the choice of "
3704 "instance, only the choice of version."
3706 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
3707 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
3708 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
3709 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
3710 "a escolha da instância."
3712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3713 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:61
3715 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
3716 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
3717 "not question the preferences, so wrong settings can lead to uninstallable "
3718 "packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even more problems "
3719 "will arise if multiple distribution releases are mixed without a good "
3720 "understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a specific "
3721 "release aren't tested in (and therefore don't always work as expected in) "
3722 "older or newer releases, or together with other packages from different "
3723 "releases. You have been warned."
3726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3727 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:72
3729 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
3730 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
3731 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
3732 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
3733 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
3734 "that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the "
3735 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which "
3736 "case it will be silently ignored."
3739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3740 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
3742 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
3743 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
3745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3746 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:96
3748 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
3750 "<programlisting>\n"
3751 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
3753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3754 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:99
3756 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3758 "<programlisting>\n"
3759 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3762 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:83
3765 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
3766 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
3767 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
3768 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
3769 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
3770 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
3771 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
3772 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
3773 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
3774 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
3775 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
3777 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
3778 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
3779 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
3780 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
3781 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
3782 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
3783 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
3784 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
3786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3787 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:103
3790 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
3791 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
3793 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
3794 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
3797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3798 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:108
3801 msgstr "prioridade 100"
3803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3804 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:109
3806 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
3807 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
3808 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
3809 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
3812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3813 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:115
3815 msgid "priority 100"
3816 msgstr "prioridade 100"
3818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3819 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:116
3821 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
3822 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
3823 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
3824 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
3827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3828 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:123
3830 msgid "priority 500"
3831 msgstr "prioridade 500"
3833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3834 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:124
3837 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
3840 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
3842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3843 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:128
3845 msgid "priority 990"
3846 msgstr "prioridade 990"
3848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3849 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:129
3852 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
3854 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
3856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3857 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:134
3860 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
3861 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
3862 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
3863 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
3864 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
3865 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
3867 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
3868 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
3869 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
3871 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3872 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:141
3875 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
3876 "determine which version of a package to install."
3878 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
3879 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
3881 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3882 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:144
3885 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
3886 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
3887 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
3888 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
3889 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
3891 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
3892 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
3893 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
3894 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
3895 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
3896 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
3898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3899 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:150
3901 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
3902 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
3904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3905 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:151
3908 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
3909 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
3911 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
3912 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
3914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3915 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:154
3918 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
3919 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
3920 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
3922 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
3923 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
3924 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
3926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3927 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:160
3930 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
3931 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
3932 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
3933 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
3934 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
3936 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
3937 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
3938 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
3939 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
3940 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
3943 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3944 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:167
3947 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
3948 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
3949 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
3950 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
3952 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
3953 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
3954 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
3955 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
3956 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
3958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3959 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:172
3962 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
3963 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
3964 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
3965 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
3966 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
3967 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
3968 "than the installed version."
3970 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
3971 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
3972 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
3973 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
3974 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
3975 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
3976 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
3978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3979 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
3981 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
3982 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
3984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3985 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:183
3988 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
3989 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
3990 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
3991 "specific form and a general form."
3993 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
3994 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
3995 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
3996 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
3998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
3999 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:189
4002 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4003 "specified packages with a specified version or version range. For example, "
4004 "the following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4005 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4006 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by "
4009 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4010 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4011 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4012 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4013 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4015 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4016 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:196
4020 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4021 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4023 "<programlisting>\n"
4025 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4026 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4028 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4029 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:202
4032 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4033 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4034 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4035 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4036 "fully qualified domain name."
4038 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4039 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4040 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4041 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4042 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4045 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:208
4048 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4049 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4050 "all package versions available from the local site."
4052 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4053 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4054 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4058 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:213
4062 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4063 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4065 "<programlisting>\n"
4067 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4068 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4071 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:218
4073 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4074 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4075 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4076 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4080 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:222
4084 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4085 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4087 "<programlisting>\n"
4089 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4090 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4092 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4093 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:226
4096 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4097 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4098 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4099 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4102 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4103 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4104 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4105 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4106 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4107 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4109 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4110 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:231
4113 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4114 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4117 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4118 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4119 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4122 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:235
4126 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4127 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4129 "<programlisting>\n"
4131 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4132 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4135 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:240
4138 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4139 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4142 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4143 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4144 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4146 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4147 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:244
4151 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4152 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4154 "<programlisting>\n"
4156 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4157 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4159 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4160 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:249
4163 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4164 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4165 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>&stable-version;</literal>\"."
4167 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4168 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4169 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4173 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:254
4177 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4178 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4180 "<programlisting>\n"
4182 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
4183 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4185 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4186 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
4187 msgid "Regular expressions and &glob; syntax"
4190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4191 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:266
4193 "APT also supports pinning by &glob; expressions, and regular expressions "
4194 "surrounded by slashes. For example, the following example assigns the "
4195 "priority 500 to all packages from experimental where the name starts with "
4196 "gnome (as a &glob;-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX "
4197 "extended regular expression surrounded by slashes)."
4200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4201 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:275
4204 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4205 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
4206 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4208 "<programlisting>\n"
4210 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4211 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4213 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4214 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:281
4216 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4217 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4218 "packages from a release starting with &ubuntu-codename;."
4221 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4222 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:287
4226 "Pin: release n=&ubuntu-codename;*\n"
4227 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4229 "<programlisting>\n"
4231 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4232 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4235 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:293
4237 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4238 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4239 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4240 "the future; thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4241 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4242 "Package field is not considered a &glob; expression in itself."
4245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4246 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:309
4248 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
4249 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
4251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4252 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:312
4255 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
4256 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
4258 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
4259 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
4260 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
4262 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4263 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:317
4264 msgid "P >= 1000"
4265 msgstr "P >= 1000"
4267 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4268 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:318
4271 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
4274 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
4275 "dowgrade do pacote"
4277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4278 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:322
4279 msgid "990 <= P < 1000"
4280 msgstr "990 <= P < 1000"
4282 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4283 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:323
4286 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
4287 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
4289 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
4290 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4293 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:328
4294 msgid "500 <= P < 990"
4295 msgstr "500 <= P < 990"
4297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4298 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:329
4301 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4302 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
4304 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4305 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4307 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4308 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:334
4309 msgid "100 <= P < 500"
4310 msgstr "100 <= P < 500"
4312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4313 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:335
4316 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4317 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
4319 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4320 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
4323 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4324 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:340
4325 msgid "0 < P < 100"
4326 msgstr "0 < P < 100"
4328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4329 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:341
4332 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
4335 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
4336 "instalada do pacote"
4338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4339 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:345
4343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4344 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:346
4346 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
4347 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
4349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4350 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:351
4353 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
4354 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
4355 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
4356 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
4358 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
4359 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
4360 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
4361 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
4362 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
4363 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
4365 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4366 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:357
4369 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
4370 "presented earlier:"
4372 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
4373 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
4375 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4376 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:361
4380 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4381 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4384 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4385 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4388 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4389 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4391 "<programlisting>\n"
4393 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4394 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4397 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4398 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4401 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4402 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4405 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
4409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4410 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:376
4413 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
4414 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
4415 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> &good-perl;"
4416 "* version of <literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version "
4417 "is &bad-perl;*, then <literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
4419 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
4420 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
4421 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
4422 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
4423 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
4425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4426 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:381
4429 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
4430 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
4431 "versions belonging to the target release."
4433 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
4434 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
4435 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
4437 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4438 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:385
4441 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
4442 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
4443 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
4444 "and no version of the package is already installed."
4446 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
4447 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
4448 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
4449 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
4452 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4453 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
4455 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
4456 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
4458 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4459 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:397
4462 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
4463 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
4464 "describe the packages available at that location."
4466 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
4467 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
4468 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
4470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4471 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:401
4474 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4475 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
4476 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
4477 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
4478 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
4479 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
4480 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4482 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
4483 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
4484 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
4485 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
4486 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
4487 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
4488 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
4491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4492 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:409
4494 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
4495 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
4497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4498 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:410
4500 msgid "gives the package name"
4501 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
4503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4504 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:413 apt_preferences.5.xml:463
4506 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
4507 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
4509 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4510 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:414
4512 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
4513 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
4515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4516 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:419
4519 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4520 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
4521 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
4522 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
4523 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
4524 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
4525 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
4526 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4528 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
4529 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
4530 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
4531 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
4532 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
4533 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
4534 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
4535 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
4538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4539 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:430
4541 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
4542 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
4544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4545 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:431
4548 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4549 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
4550 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4551 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
4552 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
4555 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4556 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4557 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4558 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4559 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4560 "requerer a linha :"
4562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4563 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:441
4565 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4567 "<programlisting>\n"
4568 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4571 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:447
4573 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
4574 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4577 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:448
4580 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4581 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
4582 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4583 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
4584 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
4585 "preferences file would require the line:"
4587 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4588 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4589 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4590 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4591 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4592 "requerer a linha :"
4594 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4595 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:457
4597 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4599 "<programlisting>\n"
4600 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4603 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:464
4606 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
4607 "belong to Debian release version &stable-version;. Note that there is "
4608 "normally no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and "
4609 "<literal>unstable</literal> distributions because they have not been "
4610 "released yet. Specifying this in the APT preferences file would require one "
4611 "of the following lines."
4613 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
4614 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
4615 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
4616 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
4617 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
4620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4621 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:473
4624 "Pin: release v=&stable-version;\n"
4625 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4626 "Pin: release &stable-version;\n"
4628 "<programlisting>\n"
4629 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
4630 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
4631 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
4633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4634 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:482
4636 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
4637 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4640 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:483
4643 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
4644 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
4645 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
4646 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
4647 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
4648 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
4650 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
4651 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
4652 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4653 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
4654 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
4655 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4656 "requerer a linha :"
4658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4659 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:492
4661 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
4663 "<programlisting>\n"
4664 "Pin: release c=main\n"
4666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4667 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:498
4669 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
4670 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
4672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4673 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:499
4676 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4677 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4678 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
4681 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
4682 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
4683 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4684 "requerer a linha :"
4686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4687 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:505
4689 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4691 "<programlisting>\n"
4692 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4695 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:511
4697 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
4698 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
4700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4701 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:512
4704 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4705 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4706 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
4709 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
4710 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
4711 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
4713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4714 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:518
4716 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4718 "<programlisting>\n"
4719 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4722 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:525
4725 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
4726 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
4727 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
4728 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
4729 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
4730 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
4731 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
4732 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
4733 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
4734 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
4736 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
4737 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
4738 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
4739 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
4740 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
4741 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
4742 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
4743 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
4744 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
4745 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
4747 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4748 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
4750 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
4751 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
4753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4754 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:540
4757 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
4758 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
4759 "provides a place for comments."
4761 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
4762 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
4763 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
4765 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4766 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
4768 msgid "Tracking Stable"
4769 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
4771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4772 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:557
4775 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
4776 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
4778 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4779 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4782 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4783 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4785 "<programlisting>\n"
4786 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
4787 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
4789 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4790 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4793 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4794 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4796 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4797 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:551
4800 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
4801 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
4802 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
4803 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
4804 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4806 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
4807 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
4808 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
4809 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
4810 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
4812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4813 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:574 apt_preferences.5.xml:620
4814 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:678
4817 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
4819 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
4821 "<programlisting>\n"
4822 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
4824 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
4826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4827 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:569
4830 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4831 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
4832 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
4835 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
4836 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
4837 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
4839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4840 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:586
4842 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
4844 "<programlisting>\n"
4845 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
4847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4848 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:580
4851 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4852 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
4853 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
4854 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4856 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4857 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
4858 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
4860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4861 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
4863 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
4864 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
4866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4867 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:601
4871 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
4872 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4875 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4876 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4879 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4880 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4882 "<programlisting>\n"
4884 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
4885 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4888 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4889 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4892 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4893 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4895 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4896 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:594
4899 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
4900 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
4901 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
4902 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
4903 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
4904 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4906 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
4907 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
4908 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
4909 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
4910 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
4912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4913 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:615
4916 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
4917 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
4918 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
4921 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
4922 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para "
4923 "a(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
4925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4926 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:635
4928 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
4930 "<programlisting>\n"
4931 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
4933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4934 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:626
4937 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
4938 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
4939 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
4940 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
4941 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
4942 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
4943 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4945 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
4946 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
4947 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
4948 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
4949 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
4950 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
4951 "recente que a versão instalada."
4953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4954 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
4955 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
4958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4959 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:656
4962 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
4963 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
4965 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4966 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4968 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
4970 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
4971 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
4974 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4975 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4977 "<programlisting>\n"
4978 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
4979 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
4981 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4982 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4985 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4986 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4989 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:644
4991 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
4992 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
4993 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
4994 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
4995 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
4996 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
4997 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
4998 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
4999 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5000 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5004 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:673
5007 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5008 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5009 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5010 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5012 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5013 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5014 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5016 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5017 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:693
5019 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5021 "<programlisting>\n"
5022 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5024 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5025 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:684
5028 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5029 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5030 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5031 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5032 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5033 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5034 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5036 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5037 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5038 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5039 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5040 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5041 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5042 "recente que a versão instalada."
5044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5045 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:708
5047 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5048 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5051 #: sources.list.5.xml:35
5052 msgid "List of configured APT data sources"
5055 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5056 #: sources.list.5.xml:40
5058 "The source list <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> is designed to "
5059 "support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The file "
5060 "lists one source per line, with the most preferred source listed first. The "
5061 "information available from the configured sources is acquired by "
5062 "<command>apt-get update</command> (or by an equivalent command from another "
5066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5067 #: sources.list.5.xml:47
5069 "Each line specifying a source starts with type (e.g. <literal>deb-src</"
5070 "literal>) followed by options and arguments for this type. Individual "
5071 "entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines are ignored, "
5072 "and a <literal>#</literal> character anywhere on a line marks the remainder "
5073 "of that line as a comment."
5076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5077 #: sources.list.5.xml:55
5078 msgid "sources.list.d"
5081 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5082 #: sources.list.5.xml:56
5084 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5085 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5086 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5087 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5088 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5089 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file, unless that "
5090 "file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5091 "configuration list - in which case it will be silently ignored."
5094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5095 #: sources.list.5.xml:67
5096 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5100 #: sources.list.5.xml:68
5102 "The <literal>deb</literal> type references a typical two-level Debian "
5103 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. The "
5104 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archive name like "
5105 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5106 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5107 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal>, "
5108 "<literal>contrib</literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-"
5109 "src</literal> type references a Debian distribution's source code in the "
5110 "same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> "
5111 "line is required to fetch source indexes."
5114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5115 #: sources.list.5.xml:79
5117 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5118 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5122 #: sources.list.5.xml:82
5124 msgid "deb [ options ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]"
5127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5128 #: sources.list.5.xml:86
5131 " Types: deb deb-src\n"
5132 " URIs: http://example.com\n"
5133 " Suites: stable testing\n"
5134 " Sections: component1 component2\n"
5135 " Description: short\n"
5137 " [option1]: [option1-value]\n"
5140 " URIs: http://another.example.com\n"
5141 " Suites: experimental\n"
5142 " Sections: component1 component2\n"
5144 " Description: short\n"
5146 " [option1]: [option1-value]\n"
5150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5151 #: sources.list.5.xml:84
5153 "Alternatively a rfc822 style format is also supported: <placeholder type="
5154 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
5157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5158 #: sources.list.5.xml:105
5160 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5161 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5162 "<literal>suite</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5163 "components must be omitted and <literal>suite</literal> must end with a "
5164 "slash (<literal>/</literal>). This is useful for the case when only a "
5165 "particular sub-section of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If "
5166 "<literal>suite</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one "
5167 "<literal>component</literal> must be present."
5170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5171 #: sources.list.5.xml:114
5173 "<literal>suite</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)</"
5174 "literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (such as <literal>amd64</"
5175 "literal> or <literal>armel</literal>) used on the system. This permits "
5176 "architecture-independent <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. "
5177 "In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path, "
5178 "<literal>APT</literal> will automatically generate a URI with the current "
5179 "architecture otherwise."
5182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5183 #: sources.list.5.xml:122
5185 "In the traditional style sources.list format since only one distribution can "
5186 "be specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for the "
5187 "same URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at that "
5188 "location is desired. APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a "
5189 "complete set internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same "
5190 "Internet host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not "
5191 "inefficiently establish an FTP connection, close it, do something else, and "
5192 "then re-establish a connection to that same host. This feature is useful for "
5193 "accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the number of simultaneous anonymous "
5194 "users. APT also parallelizes connections to different hosts to more "
5195 "effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5199 #: sources.list.5.xml:136
5201 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surrounded by "
5202 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
5203 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
5204 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
5205 "following settings are supported by APT (note however that unsupported "
5206 "settings will be ignored silently):"
5209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5210 #: sources.list.5.xml:142
5212 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
5213 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
5214 "information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
5215 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
5216 "will be downloaded."
5219 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5220 #: sources.list.5.xml:146
5222 "<literal>arch+=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
5223 "replaceable>,…</literal> and <literal>arch-=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,"
5224 "<replaceable>arch2</replaceable>,…</literal> which can be used to add/remove "
5225 "architectures from the set which will be downloaded."
5228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5229 #: sources.list.5.xml:149
5231 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
5232 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
5233 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
5234 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
5235 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
5236 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
5239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5240 #: sources.list.5.xml:156
5242 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5243 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5244 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5245 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5248 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5249 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
5251 msgid "Some examples:"
5254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5255 #: sources.list.5.xml:163
5258 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
5259 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
5263 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5264 #: sources.list.5.xml:169
5265 msgid "URI specification"
5268 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5269 #: sources.list.5.xml:171
5270 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
5273 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5274 #: sources.list.5.xml:175
5276 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5277 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
5281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5282 #: sources.list.5.xml:182
5284 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
5285 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
5288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5289 #: sources.list.5.xml:189
5291 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
5292 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
5293 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
5294 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
5295 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
5299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5300 #: sources.list.5.xml:200
5302 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
5303 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
5304 "Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified by using the "
5305 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify an "
5306 "HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using this "
5307 "environment variable and <emphasis>only</emphasis> this environment "
5308 "variable. Proxies using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be "
5312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5313 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
5315 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
5316 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
5317 "This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with "
5321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5322 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
5324 "The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and access "
5325 "the files as a given user. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys is "
5326 "recommended. The standard <command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> "
5327 "commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host."
5330 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5331 #: sources.list.5.xml:226
5332 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
5335 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5336 #: sources.list.5.xml:228
5338 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, "
5339 "which should follow the naming scheme <package>apt-transport-"
5340 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. For instance, the APT team "
5341 "also maintains the package <package>apt-transport-https</package>, which "
5342 "provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http "
5343 "method. Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available - see &apt-"
5344 "transport-debtorrent;."
5347 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5348 #: sources.list.5.xml:240
5350 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
5351 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
5354 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5355 #: sources.list.5.xml:242
5357 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
5360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5361 #: sources.list.5.xml:244
5362 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
5365 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5366 #: sources.list.5.xml:245
5368 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5371 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5372 #: sources.list.5.xml:247
5373 msgid "Source line for the above"
5376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5377 #: sources.list.5.xml:248
5379 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5383 #: sources.list.5.xml:250
5385 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
5386 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
5387 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
5390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5391 #: sources.list.5.xml:252
5394 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
5395 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
5398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5399 #: sources.list.5.xml:255
5401 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
5405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5406 #: sources.list.5.xml:257
5408 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
5411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5412 #: sources.list.5.xml:259
5414 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5415 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
5418 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5419 #: sources.list.5.xml:261
5421 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
5424 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5425 #: sources.list.5.xml:263
5427 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5428 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
5429 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
5430 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
5433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5434 #: sources.list.5.xml:267
5436 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
5439 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5440 #: sources.list.5.xml:276
5442 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
5445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5446 #: sources.list.5.xml:269
5448 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
5449 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
5450 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
5451 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
5452 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
5453 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
5457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5458 #: sources.list.5.xml:281
5460 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
5461 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
5464 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:28 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:28 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:28
5468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5469 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:35
5471 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
5475 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5476 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:41
5478 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
5479 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
5480 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
5481 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
5485 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5486 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:46
5487 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
5490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5491 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:47
5493 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
5494 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
5495 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
5496 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
5497 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
5500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5501 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:60
5503 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
5504 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5505 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
5508 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5509 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:77
5511 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
5512 "decimal 100 on error."
5515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5516 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:35
5517 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
5520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5521 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:41
5523 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (source index or "
5524 "package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
5525 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
5526 "internal sorting rules."
5529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5530 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:47
5532 "All output is sent to standard output; the input must be a seekable file."
5535 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5536 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:56
5538 "Use source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5539 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
5542 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5543 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:70
5545 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
5549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5550 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:35
5551 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
5554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5555 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:41
5557 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
5558 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
5559 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
5563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5564 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:45
5566 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
5567 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
5568 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
5569 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
5570 "generation process for a complete archive."
5573 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5574 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:51
5576 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
5577 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
5578 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
5579 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
5583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5584 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:62
5586 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
5587 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
5588 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
5589 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
5592 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5593 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:67 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:91
5595 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
5598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5599 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:72
5601 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
5602 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5603 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
5604 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
5607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5608 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:77
5610 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
5611 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
5612 "change the source override file that will be used."
5615 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5616 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:84
5618 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
5619 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5620 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
5621 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
5622 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
5623 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
5626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5627 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:96
5629 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
5630 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
5631 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
5632 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
5633 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
5634 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
5635 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
5636 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
5637 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
5638 "containing an MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 digest for each file."
5641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5642 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:106
5644 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
5645 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
5646 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
5647 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
5648 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
5649 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
5650 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
5651 "<literal>Description</literal>."
5654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5655 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:119
5657 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
5658 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
5659 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
5660 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
5661 "maintaining the required settings."
5664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5665 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:128
5667 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
5668 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
5671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5672 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
5673 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
5676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5677 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:136
5679 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
5680 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
5681 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
5682 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
5683 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
5684 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
5687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5688 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
5690 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
5693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5694 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
5696 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
5697 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5700 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:148
5702 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
5703 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
5704 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
5705 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
5708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5709 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:155
5711 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
5712 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
5716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5717 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:162
5718 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
5721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5722 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:167
5723 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
5726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5727 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:172
5729 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
5730 "literal> setting is used below."
5733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5734 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
5736 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
5737 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5740 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:180
5742 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
5743 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
5744 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
5747 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5748 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:186
5750 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the package index files. It "
5751 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
5752 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
5756 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5757 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:194
5759 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
5760 "defaults to '.deb'."
5763 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5764 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:200
5766 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5767 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
5770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5771 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:206
5773 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
5774 "defaults to '.dsc'."
5777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5778 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:212
5780 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5781 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
5784 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5785 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:218
5787 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5788 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
5791 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5792 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:224
5794 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
5795 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
5796 "Links</literal> setting."
5799 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5800 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:231
5802 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
5803 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
5806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5807 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:238 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:384
5809 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
5810 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
5811 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
5814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5815 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
5817 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
5818 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5821 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:246
5823 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
5824 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
5825 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
5828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5829 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:253
5831 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
5832 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
5836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5837 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:260
5839 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
5840 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
5841 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
5842 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
5843 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
5844 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
5847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5848 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:271
5850 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
5851 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
5854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5855 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:277
5857 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
5858 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
5861 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5862 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:283
5864 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5865 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
5868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5869 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:289
5871 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5872 "source/Sources</filename>"
5875 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5876 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:295
5878 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
5879 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
5880 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
5883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5884 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:302
5886 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
5887 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
5891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5892 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:309
5894 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
5895 "Contents-$(ARCH)</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files "
5896 "to map onto a single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-"
5897 "ftparchive</command> will integrate those package files together "
5901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5902 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:318
5903 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
5906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5907 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:323
5909 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
5910 "can share the same database."
5913 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5914 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:329
5916 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
5917 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
5918 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
5921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5922 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:336
5924 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
5925 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
5926 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
5927 "when processing source indexes."
5930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5931 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
5933 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
5934 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5937 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:346
5939 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
5940 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
5941 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
5942 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
5946 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5947 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:351
5949 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
5950 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
5951 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
5952 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
5955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5956 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:356
5958 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
5959 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
5963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5964 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:362
5967 "for i in Sections do \n"
5968 " for j in Architectures do\n"
5969 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
5973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5974 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:359
5976 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
5977 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
5981 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5982 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:370
5984 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
5985 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
5989 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5990 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:377
5992 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
5993 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
5994 "this tree has a source archive."
5997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5998 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:390
6000 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
6001 "and maintainer address information."
6004 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6005 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:396
6007 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
6011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6012 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:402 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:448
6013 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
6016 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6017 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:407 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:453
6018 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
6021 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6022 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
6024 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
6025 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
6027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6028 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:414
6030 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
6031 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
6032 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
6033 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
6034 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
6037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6038 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:422
6039 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
6042 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6043 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:427
6045 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
6046 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
6049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6050 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:433
6051 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
6054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6055 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:438
6056 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
6059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6060 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:443
6061 msgid "Sets the source override file."
6064 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6065 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:458
6066 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
6069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6070 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:463
6071 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
6074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6075 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:468
6076 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
6079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6080 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:475
6081 msgid "The Binary Override File"
6084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6085 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:476
6087 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
6088 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
6089 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
6090 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
6091 "permutation field."
6094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6095 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
6097 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
6100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6101 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:484
6106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6107 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:481
6109 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
6110 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6111 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
6112 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
6113 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
6117 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6118 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
6119 msgid "The Source Override File"
6122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6123 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:494
6125 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
6126 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
6127 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
6130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6131 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
6132 msgid "The Extra Override File"
6135 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6136 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:501
6138 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
6139 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
6140 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
6143 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6144 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:512
6146 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
6147 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
6148 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
6149 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
6150 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
6151 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
6152 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
6153 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
6154 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
6157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6158 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:523
6160 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
6161 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
6164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6165 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:529
6167 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
6168 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
6169 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
6170 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
6173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6174 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:537
6176 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
6177 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
6178 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
6179 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
6182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6183 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:545
6185 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
6186 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
6187 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
6188 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
6189 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
6192 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6193 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:555
6195 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
6196 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
6200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6201 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:561
6203 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6204 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
6207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6208 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:566
6210 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
6211 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
6212 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
6213 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
6216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6217 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:574
6219 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
6220 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
6221 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
6222 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
6223 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
6224 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
6225 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
6226 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
6230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6231 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:586
6233 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
6234 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
6235 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
6236 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
6237 "in the generate command."
6240 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
6241 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:604
6243 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
6246 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6247 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:600
6249 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
6250 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
6253 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6254 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:614
6256 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6269 msgid "16 June 1998"
6286 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
6309 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
6310 "package management there are several frontends available, such as "
6311 "B<aptitude>(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window "
6312 "System. Some options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
6324 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
6325 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
6336 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
6347 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
6354 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
6355 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
6356 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
6359 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
6361 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
6363 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
6364 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
6377 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
6380 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
6382 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
6385 #. type: <title></title>
6387 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6390 #. type: <author></author>
6391 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6392 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6395 #. type: <version></version>
6397 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6400 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6403 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6406 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6408 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6412 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6414 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6415 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6416 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6417 "or (at your option) any later version."
6421 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6423 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6424 "GPL for the full license."
6427 #. type: <heading></heading>
6435 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6436 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6437 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6438 "packages from the Internet."
6441 #. type: <heading></heading>
6443 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6449 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6450 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6451 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6457 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6458 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6459 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6460 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6461 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6467 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6468 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6469 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6476 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6477 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6478 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6479 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6485 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6486 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6487 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6488 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6489 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6490 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6491 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6492 "other mail transport agents."
6498 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6499 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6500 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6501 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6502 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6503 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6504 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6505 "trying to manually fix packages."
6511 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6512 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6513 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6514 "packages for installation."
6517 #. type: <heading></heading>
6525 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6526 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6527 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6528 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6534 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6535 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6536 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6537 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6538 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6542 #. type: <example></example>
6546 "# apt-get update\n"
6547 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6548 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6549 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6550 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6553 #. type: <p><taglist>
6555 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6558 #. type: <tag></tag>
6566 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6567 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6568 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6569 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6570 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6571 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6572 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6575 #. type: <tag></tag>
6583 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6584 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6585 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6586 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6587 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6588 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6589 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6592 #. type: <tag></tag>
6594 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6600 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6601 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6602 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6603 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6604 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6605 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6606 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6612 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6613 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6619 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6620 "its man page, <manref name=\"apt-get\" section=\"8\">. The most useful "
6621 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6622 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6623 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6624 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6625 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6628 #. type: <heading></heading>
6636 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6637 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6638 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6645 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6646 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6647 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6648 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source can "
6649 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6650 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
6651 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6652 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6653 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
6656 #. type: <example></example>
6660 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6662 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6663 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6666 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6667 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6668 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6671 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6677 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6678 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6682 #. type: <example></example>
6686 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6687 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6688 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6690 " Distribution [stable]:"
6696 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6697 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6698 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6699 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6700 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6701 "into the US is legal however."
6704 #. type: <example></example>
6708 " Please give the components to get\n"
6709 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6711 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6717 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6718 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6719 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6720 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6726 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6727 "until you have specified all that you want."
6733 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6734 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6735 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6736 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6737 "tt> has been run before."
6743 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6744 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6745 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6752 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6753 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6754 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6757 #. type: <heading></heading>
6759 msgid "The Interface"
6765 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6766 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6767 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6768 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6769 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6770 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6771 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6772 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6775 #. type: <heading></heading>
6783 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6784 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6785 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6789 #. type: <example></example>
6794 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6795 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6801 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6802 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6803 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6804 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6810 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6811 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6812 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6813 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6816 #. type: <example></example>
6821 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6822 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6823 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6824 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6825 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6826 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6827 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6828 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6829 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6830 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6831 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6832 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6833 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6834 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6840 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6841 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6842 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6843 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6844 "problem is also included."
6850 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6851 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6852 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6853 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6854 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6855 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6862 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6863 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6864 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6865 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6866 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6867 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6873 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6874 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6875 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6876 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6877 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6880 #. type: <heading></heading>
6882 msgid "The Status Report"
6888 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6889 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6890 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6891 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6892 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6895 #. type: <heading></heading>
6897 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6900 #. type: <example></example>
6904 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6905 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6906 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6907 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6908 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6915 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6916 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6917 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6918 "result of an Auto Install."
6921 #. type: <heading></heading>
6923 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6926 #. type: <example></example>
6930 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6931 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6932 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6933 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6940 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6941 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6942 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6943 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6944 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6945 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6946 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6949 #. type: <heading></heading>
6951 msgid "The New Packages list"
6954 #. type: <example></example>
6958 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6959 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6965 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6966 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6970 #. type: <heading></heading>
6972 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6975 #. type: <example></example>
6979 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6980 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6981 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6987 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6988 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6989 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6990 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6991 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6992 "to resolve their problems."
6995 #. type: <heading></heading>
6997 msgid "Held Packages warning"
7000 #. type: <example></example>
7004 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
7011 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
7012 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
7013 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
7016 #. type: <heading></heading>
7018 msgid "Final summary"
7024 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
7027 #. type: <example></example>
7031 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
7032 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
7033 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
7039 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
7040 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
7041 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
7042 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
7043 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
7044 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
7045 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
7046 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
7047 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
7048 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
7049 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
7050 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
7051 "the amount of space that will be freed."
7057 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
7058 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
7061 #. type: <heading></heading>
7063 msgid "The Status Display"
7069 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
7073 #. type: <example></example>
7077 "# apt-get update\n"
7078 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7079 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7080 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7081 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7082 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7083 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
7089 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
7090 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
7091 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
7092 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
7093 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
7100 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
7101 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
7102 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
7103 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
7104 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
7105 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
7106 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
7112 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
7113 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
7114 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
7115 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
7116 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
7117 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
7118 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
7119 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
7120 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
7121 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
7122 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
7123 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
7130 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7131 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7132 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7133 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7137 #. type: <heading></heading>
7145 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7146 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7147 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7148 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7149 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7150 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7153 #. type: <title></title>
7155 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7158 #. type: <version></version>
7160 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7163 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7166 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7167 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7170 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7172 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7175 #. type: <heading></heading>
7177 msgid "Introduction"
7180 #. type: <heading></heading>
7181 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7188 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7189 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7190 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7191 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7197 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7198 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7199 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7200 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7201 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7202 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7203 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7204 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7205 "bad or no connection."
7211 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7212 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7213 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7214 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7217 #. type: <heading></heading>
7219 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7222 #. type: <p><example>
7225 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7226 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7227 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7228 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7231 #. type: <example></example>
7245 #. type: <heading></heading>
7247 msgid "The configuration file"
7253 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7254 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7255 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7256 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7257 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7258 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7261 #. type: <p><example>
7264 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7268 #. type: <example></example>
7274 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7275 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7276 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7278 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7283 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7284 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7285 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7286 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7288 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7289 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7290 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7292 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7293 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7297 #. type: </example></p>
7300 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7301 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7304 #. type: <p><example>
7307 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7308 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7309 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7310 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7311 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7314 #. type: <example></example>
7318 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7319 " # apt-get update\n"
7320 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7321 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7322 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7325 #. type: </example></p>
7328 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7329 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7330 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7331 "your selections back to the local computer."
7334 #. type: <p><example>
7337 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7338 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7341 #. type: <example></example>
7345 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7346 " # apt-get check\n"
7347 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7348 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7349 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7355 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7356 "local one. This is very important!"
7362 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7363 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7364 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7365 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7366 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7369 #. type: <heading></heading>
7371 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7377 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7378 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7379 "already has a list of available packages."
7385 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7386 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7387 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7391 #. type: <heading></heading>
7397 #. type: <p><example>
7400 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7401 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7404 #. type: <example></example>
7408 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7409 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7410 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7411 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7414 #. type: </example></p>
7417 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7424 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7425 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7426 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7427 "output on the disc."
7430 #. type: <p><example>
7432 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7435 #. type: <example></example>
7440 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7444 #. type: </example><example>
7447 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7448 "installation can proceed using,"
7451 #. type: <example></example>
7454 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7457 #. type: </example></p>
7459 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7465 #~ "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
7466 #~ "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
7468 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7470 #~ "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
7471 #~ "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
7474 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7475 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7478 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7480 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7481 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7484 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7485 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7488 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7489 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7492 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7493 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7497 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7498 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7499 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7500 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7502 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7503 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7505 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7507 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7508 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7509 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7514 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7515 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7516 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7517 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7521 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7522 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7526 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7527 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7528 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7529 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7531 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7532 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7533 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7534 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7539 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7540 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7541 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7542 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7544 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7545 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7546 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7547 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7549 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7550 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7551 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7552 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7553 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7554 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7556 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7557 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7558 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7559 #~ "configuration \n"
7560 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7561 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7564 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7565 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7566 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7567 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7569 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7570 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7571 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7572 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7574 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7575 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7576 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7577 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7578 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7579 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7580 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7582 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7583 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7584 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7585 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7586 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7589 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7590 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"