1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
10 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
11 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
12 "POT-Creation-Date: 2014-11-06 09:45+0100\n"
13 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
14 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
15 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
18 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
19 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
25 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
27 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
28 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
37 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
39 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
48 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
49 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
50 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
51 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
52 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
53 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
54 " &reportbug; command.\n"
60 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
62 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
63 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
64 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
71 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
72 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
73 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
74 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
80 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
82 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
89 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
90 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
91 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
92 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
93 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
94 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
105 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
106 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
107 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
118 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
119 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
120 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
121 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
122 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
123 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
124 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
135 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
136 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
137 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
138 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
139 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
140 " times to set different options.\n"
151 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
152 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
153 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
154 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
155 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
156 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
157 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
158 " or several other variations.\n"
164 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
165 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
166 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
167 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
168 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
175 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
176 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
177 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
178 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
186 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
187 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
188 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
197 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
198 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
199 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
200 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
208 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
209 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
210 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
219 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
220 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
221 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
222 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
223 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
224 " from a separate source\n"
225 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
226 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
234 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
235 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
236 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
245 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
246 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
247 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
248 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
256 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
257 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
258 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
267 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
268 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
269 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
271 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
279 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
280 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
281 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
290 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
291 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
292 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
293 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
301 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
302 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
303 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
304 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
313 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
314 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
315 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
316 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
317 " </para></listitem>\n"
326 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
327 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
328 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
329 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
335 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
336 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
337 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
338 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
339 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
340 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
341 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
344 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
345 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
346 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
353 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
354 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
355 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
356 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
357 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
358 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
359 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
360 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
361 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
368 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
369 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
375 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
376 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
382 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
383 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
384 "\"target_release\">"
390 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
391 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
397 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
398 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
404 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
405 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
411 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
412 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
418 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
419 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
425 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
426 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
432 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
433 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
434 "\"temporary_directory\">"
440 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
441 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
447 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
448 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
454 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
455 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
462 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
463 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
470 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
471 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
477 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
478 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
482 #: apt.8.xml:21 apt-get.8.xml:22 apt-cache.8.xml:22 apt-key.8.xml:21
483 #: apt-mark.8.xml:22 apt-secure.8.xml:21 apt-cdrom.8.xml:21
484 #: apt-config.8.xml:22
488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
489 #: apt.8.xml:22 apt-get.8.xml:23 apt-cache.8.xml:23 apt-key.8.xml:22
490 #: apt-mark.8.xml:23 apt-secure.8.xml:22 apt-cdrom.8.xml:22
491 #: apt-config.8.xml:23 apt.conf.5.xml:28 apt_preferences.5.xml:22
492 #: sources.list.5.xml:23 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:23 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:23
493 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:23
497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
499 msgid "command-line interface"
502 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
503 #: apt.8.xml:33 apt-get.8.xml:34 apt-cache.8.xml:34 apt-key.8.xml:33
504 #: apt-mark.8.xml:34 apt-secure.8.xml:46 apt-cdrom.8.xml:33
505 #: apt-config.8.xml:34 apt.conf.5.xml:37 apt_preferences.5.xml:32
506 #: sources.list.5.xml:32 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:34 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:34
507 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:34
512 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
515 "<command>apt</command> (Advanced Package Tool) is the command-line tool for "
516 "handling packages. It provides a commandline interface for the package "
517 "management of the system. See also &apt-get; and &apt-cache; for more low-"
518 "level command options."
521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
524 "<literal>list</literal> is used to display a list of packages. It supports "
525 "shell pattern for matching package names and the following options: "
526 "<option>--installed</option>, <option>--upgradable</option>, <option>--all-"
527 "versions</option> are supported."
530 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
533 "<literal>search</literal> searches for the given term(s) and display "
537 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
540 "<literal>show</literal> shows the package information for the given "
544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
547 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more package names desired "
548 "for installation or upgrading."
551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
552 #: apt.8.xml:71 apt-get.8.xml:112
554 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
555 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
556 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
557 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
558 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
559 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
563 #: apt.8.xml:81 apt-get.8.xml:147
565 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
566 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
567 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
568 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
569 "installed instead of removed."
572 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
575 "<literal>edit-sources</literal> lets you edit your sources.list file and "
576 "provides basic sanity checks."
579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
582 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
583 "from their sources."
586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
589 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
590 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
591 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. New packages will be installed, "
592 "but existing packages will never be removed."
595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
598 "<literal>full-upgrade</literal> performs the function of upgrade but may "
599 "also remove installed packages if that is required in order to resolve a "
603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
604 #: apt.8.xml:120 apt-get.8.xml:251 apt-cache.8.xml:244 apt-mark.8.xml:104
605 #: apt-config.8.xml:80 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:48 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:44
606 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:500
610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
615 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
618 "The &apt; commandline is designed as a end-user tool and it may change the "
619 "output between versions. While it tries to not break backward compatibility "
620 "there is no guarantee for it either. All features of &apt; are available in "
621 "&apt-cache; and &apt-get; via APT options. Please prefer using these "
622 "commands in your scripts."
625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
627 msgid "Differences to &apt-get;"
630 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
633 "The <command>apt</command> command is meant to be pleasant for end users and "
634 "does not need to be backward compatible like &apt-get;. Therefore some "
635 "options are different:"
638 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
641 msgid "The option <literal>DPkg::Progress-Fancy</literal> is enabled."
642 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
647 msgid "The option <literal>APT::Color</literal> is enabled."
648 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
653 "A new <literal>list</literal> command is available similar to <literal>dpkg "
657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
661 "The option <literal>upgrade</literal> has <literal>--with-new-pkgs</literal> "
662 "enabled by default."
663 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
666 #: apt.8.xml:170 apt-get.8.xml:560 apt-cache.8.xml:346 apt-key.8.xml:191
667 #: apt-mark.8.xml:127 apt-secure.8.xml:187 apt-cdrom.8.xml:148
668 #: apt-config.8.xml:105 apt.conf.5.xml:1254 apt_preferences.5.xml:701
669 #: sources.list.5.xml:274 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:66 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:59
670 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:603
673 msgstr "Consulte também"
675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
678 "&apt-get;, &apt-cache;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, The APT "
679 "User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto."
682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
683 #: apt.8.xml:176 apt-get.8.xml:566 apt-cache.8.xml:351 apt-mark.8.xml:131
684 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:153 apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70
685 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607
689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
692 "<command>apt</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
698 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
701 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
704 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
705 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
706 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &aptitude;, "
707 "&synaptic; and &wajig;."
710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
711 #: apt-get.8.xml:40 apt-cache.8.xml:40 apt-cdrom.8.xml:47 apt-config.8.xml:40
712 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:50
714 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
715 "one of the commands below must be present."
718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
721 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
722 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
723 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
724 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
725 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
726 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
727 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
728 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
729 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
732 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
735 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
736 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
737 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
738 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
739 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
740 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
741 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
742 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
743 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
744 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
747 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
750 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
751 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
752 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
753 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
754 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
755 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
756 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
757 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
758 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
759 "individual packages."
762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
765 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
766 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
767 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
768 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
769 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
773 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
776 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
777 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
778 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
779 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
780 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the "
781 "package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. "
782 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
783 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
784 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
785 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
786 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
787 "get's conflict resolution system."
790 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
793 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
800 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
801 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
802 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
803 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
804 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
805 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
806 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
812 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
813 "installation policy for individual packages."
816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
819 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
820 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
821 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
822 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
823 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
824 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
831 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
832 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
839 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
840 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
841 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
842 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
843 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
844 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
845 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
851 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
852 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
853 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
854 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
855 "versions or none at all."
858 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
861 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
862 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
863 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
864 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
865 "package will not be unpacked."
868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
871 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
872 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
873 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
874 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
881 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
882 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
883 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
886 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
889 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
890 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
891 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
892 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
893 "option> option instead."
896 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
899 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
900 "and checks for broken dependencies."
903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
906 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
913 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
914 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
915 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
916 "partial/</filename>."
919 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
922 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
923 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
924 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
925 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
926 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
927 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
934 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
935 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
936 "now no longer needed."
939 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
942 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
943 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
944 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
945 "variable (e.g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs\">packages."
946 "debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://changelogs."
947 "ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> for "
948 "Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
949 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
950 "<option>install</option> command."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
956 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
957 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
963 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
964 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
970 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
971 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
977 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
978 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
979 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
980 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
981 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
982 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
983 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
984 "means using <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of the "
985 "offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> "
986 "may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
987 "Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
993 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
994 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
995 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
996 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
997 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
998 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
999 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
1002 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1003 #: apt-get.8.xml:297
1005 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
1006 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
1007 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
1010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1011 #: apt-get.8.xml:304
1013 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1014 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1015 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1016 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
1017 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
1018 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
1019 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
1022 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1023 #: apt-get.8.xml:319
1025 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
1026 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1027 "Simulate</literal>."
1030 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1031 #: apt-get.8.xml:323
1033 "Simulated runs performed as a user will automatically deactivate locking "
1034 "(<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>), and if the option <literal>APT::Get::"
1035 "Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (as it is by default) a notice "
1036 "will also be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation. Runs "
1037 "performed as root do not trigger either NoLocking or the notice - superusers "
1038 "should know what they are doing without further warnings from <literal>apt-"
1042 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1043 #: apt-get.8.xml:331
1045 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
1046 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
1047 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
1048 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
1049 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
1052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1053 #: apt-get.8.xml:339
1055 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
1056 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
1057 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
1058 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
1059 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
1062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1063 #: apt-get.8.xml:347
1065 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1066 "Assume-No</literal>."
1069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1070 #: apt-get.8.xml:352
1072 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
1073 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
1076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1077 #: apt-get.8.xml:358
1079 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
1080 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
1083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1084 #: apt-get.8.xml:364
1086 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
1087 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
1088 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
1089 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
1090 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
1091 "Architecture</literal>."
1094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1095 #: apt-get.8.xml:374
1097 "This option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package "
1098 "is built by <command>apt-get source --compile</command> and how build "
1099 "dependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More "
1100 "than one build profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them with "
1101 "a comma. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Build-Profiles</literal>."
1104 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1105 #: apt-get.8.xml:385
1107 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
1108 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
1111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1112 #: apt-get.8.xml:390
1114 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
1115 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
1116 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
1117 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
1120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1121 #: apt-get.8.xml:397
1123 "Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with "
1124 "<literal>upgrade</literal>. This is useful if the update of a installed "
1125 "package requires new dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the "
1126 "package back <literal>upgrade</literal> will upgrade the package and install "
1127 "the new dependencies. Note that <literal>upgrade</literal> with this option "
1128 "will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item: "
1129 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New</literal>."
1132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1133 #: apt-get.8.xml:409
1135 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1136 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
1137 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
1138 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
1141 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1142 #: apt-get.8.xml:416
1144 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1145 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
1146 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
1147 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
1150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1151 #: apt-get.8.xml:424
1153 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1154 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
1155 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
1156 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
1157 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
1160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1161 #: apt-get.8.xml:432
1163 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
1164 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
1165 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
1166 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
1167 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
1168 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
1169 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1170 "Print-URIs</literal>."
1173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1174 #: apt-get.8.xml:443
1176 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
1177 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
1178 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
1179 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
1182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1183 #: apt-get.8.xml:451
1185 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
1186 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
1189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1190 #: apt-get.8.xml:456
1192 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
1193 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
1194 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
1195 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
1196 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1197 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
1200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1201 #: apt-get.8.xml:466
1203 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
1204 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
1205 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
1206 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
1207 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
1208 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
1209 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
1210 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
1211 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
1214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1215 #: apt-get.8.xml:481
1217 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
1218 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
1219 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
1220 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
1223 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1224 #: apt-get.8.xml:488
1226 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
1227 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
1230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1231 #: apt-get.8.xml:494
1233 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
1234 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
1235 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
1236 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
1239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1240 #: apt-get.8.xml:501
1242 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
1243 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
1244 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
1245 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
1246 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
1247 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
1251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1252 #: apt-get.8.xml:512
1254 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
1255 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
1256 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
1259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1260 #: apt-get.8.xml:518
1262 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
1263 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
1266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1267 #: apt-get.8.xml:523
1269 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
1270 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1271 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
1274 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1275 #: apt-get.8.xml:529
1277 "Forbid the update command to acquire unverifiable data from configured "
1278 "sources. Apt will fail at the update command for repositories without valid "
1279 "cryptographically signatures. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
1280 "AllowInsecureRepositories</literal>."
1283 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1284 #: apt-get.8.xml:537
1286 "Show user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages "
1287 "are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machine parsable version of this "
1288 "data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration "
1289 "Item: <literal>Dpkg::Progress</literal> and <literal>Dpkg::Progress-Fancy</"
1293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1294 #: apt-get.8.xml:550 apt-cache.8.xml:339 apt-key.8.xml:170 apt-mark.8.xml:121
1295 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1248 apt_preferences.5.xml:694
1299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1300 #: apt-get.8.xml:561
1302 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, "
1303 "&apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the "
1307 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1308 #: apt-get.8.xml:567
1310 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
1314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1315 #: apt-cache.8.xml:29
1316 msgid "query the APT cache"
1319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1320 #: apt-cache.8.xml:35
1322 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
1323 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
1324 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
1325 "output from the package metadata."
1328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1329 #: apt-cache.8.xml:45
1331 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
1332 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
1335 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1336 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49 apt-cache.8.xml:138 apt-cache.8.xml:159
1337 #: apt-cache.8.xml:181 apt-cache.8.xml:186 apt-cache.8.xml:202
1338 #: apt-cache.8.xml:220 apt-cache.8.xml:232
1339 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
1342 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1343 #: apt-cache.8.xml:50
1345 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
1346 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
1347 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
1348 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
1349 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
1350 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
1351 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
1352 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
1353 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
1356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1357 #: apt-cache.8.xml:62
1360 "Package: libreadline2\n"
1361 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
1362 "Reverse Depends: \n"
1363 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
1364 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
1366 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
1369 "Reverse Provides: \n"
1372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1373 #: apt-cache.8.xml:74
1375 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
1376 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
1377 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
1378 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
1379 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
1380 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
1381 "best to consult the apt source code."
1384 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1385 #: apt-cache.8.xml:83
1387 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
1388 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
1391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1392 #: apt-cache.8.xml:86
1394 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
1398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1399 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
1401 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
1402 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
1403 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
1404 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
1407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1408 #: apt-cache.8.xml:96
1410 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1411 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
1412 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
1413 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
1414 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
1415 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
1418 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1419 #: apt-cache.8.xml:104
1421 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
1422 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
1423 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
1424 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
1427 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1428 #: apt-cache.8.xml:110
1430 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1431 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
1432 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
1433 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
1436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1437 #: apt-cache.8.xml:117
1439 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
1440 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
1441 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
1442 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
1443 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
1446 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1447 #: apt-cache.8.xml:124
1449 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
1450 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
1451 "total package names. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
1452 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
1453 "larger than the number of total package names."
1456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1457 #: apt-cache.8.xml:131
1459 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
1460 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
1463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1464 #: apt-cache.8.xml:139
1466 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
1467 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
1468 "records that declare the name to be a binary package."
1471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1472 #: apt-cache.8.xml:145
1474 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
1475 "It is primarily for debugging."
1478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1479 #: apt-cache.8.xml:150
1481 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
1482 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
1485 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1486 #: apt-cache.8.xml:155
1488 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
1492 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1493 #: apt-cache.8.xml:160
1495 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
1496 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
1499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1500 #: apt-cache.8.xml:165
1501 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
1504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1505 #: apt-cache.8.xml:166
1507 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
1508 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
1509 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
1510 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
1511 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
1512 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
1513 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
1514 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
1517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1518 #: apt-cache.8.xml:177
1520 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
1524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1525 #: apt-cache.8.xml:182
1527 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
1528 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
1531 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1532 #: apt-cache.8.xml:187
1534 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
1538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1539 #: apt-cache.8.xml:191
1541 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
1543 "<programlisting>\n"
1544 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1547 #: apt-cache.8.xml:192
1549 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
1550 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
1551 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
1552 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
1556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1557 #: apt-cache.8.xml:197
1559 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
1560 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
1561 "the generated list."
1564 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1565 #: apt-cache.8.xml:203
1567 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
1568 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1569 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
1570 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
1571 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
1572 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
1573 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
1574 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
1577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1578 #: apt-cache.8.xml:212
1580 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
1581 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
1582 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
1583 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
1586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1587 #: apt-cache.8.xml:217
1588 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
1591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1592 #: apt-cache.8.xml:221
1594 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
1595 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
1598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1599 #: apt-cache.8.xml:225
1601 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
1603 "<programlisting>\n"
1604 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1607 #: apt-cache.8.xml:226
1609 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
1610 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
1611 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
1612 "selection of the named package."
1615 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1616 #: apt-cache.8.xml:233
1618 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
1619 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
1620 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
1621 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
1622 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
1623 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
1624 "Architecture</literal>)."
1627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1628 #: apt-cache.8.xml:249
1630 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
1631 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
1632 "pkgcache</literal>."
1635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1636 #: apt-cache.8.xml:255
1638 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
1639 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
1640 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
1641 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
1642 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
1645 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1646 #: apt-cache.8.xml:263
1648 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1649 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1650 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
1651 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1655 #: apt-cache.8.xml:270
1657 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
1658 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
1659 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
1662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1663 #: apt-cache.8.xml:284
1665 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
1666 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1667 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1668 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1669 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1673 #: apt-cache.8.xml:291
1675 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1676 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1680 #: apt-cache.8.xml:296
1682 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1683 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1684 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1685 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1686 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1687 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1691 #: apt-cache.8.xml:305
1693 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1694 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1695 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1699 #: apt-cache.8.xml:311
1701 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1702 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1706 #: apt-cache.8.xml:316
1708 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1709 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1710 "AllNames</literal>."
1713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1714 #: apt-cache.8.xml:322
1716 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1717 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1718 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1722 #: apt-cache.8.xml:329
1724 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1725 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1726 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1730 #: apt-cache.8.xml:347
1731 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1735 #: apt-cache.8.xml:352
1737 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1741 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1743 msgid "APT key management utility"
1746 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1749 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
1750 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
1751 "keys will be considered trusted."
1754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1759 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1762 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
1763 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
1764 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
1767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1769 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
1772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1774 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
1777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1779 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
1782 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1784 msgid "List trusted keys."
1787 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1788 #: apt-key.8.xml:103
1789 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
1792 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1793 #: apt-key.8.xml:114
1795 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
1799 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1800 #: apt-key.8.xml:126
1802 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
1803 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
1804 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
1805 "distribution, e.g. the &keyring-package; package in &keyring-distro;."
1808 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1809 #: apt-key.8.xml:140
1811 "Perform an update working similarly to the <command>update</command> command "
1812 "above, but get the archive keyring from a URI instead and validate it "
1813 "against a master key. This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build "
1814 "configured to have a server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. "
1815 "APT in Debian does not support this command, relying on <command>update</"
1816 "command> instead, but Ubuntu's APT does."
1819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1820 #: apt-key.8.xml:156 apt-cdrom.8.xml:76
1824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1825 #: apt-key.8.xml:157
1827 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
1831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1832 #: apt-key.8.xml:160
1834 "With this option it is possible to specify a particular keyring file the "
1835 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
1836 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
1837 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
1838 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
1842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1843 #: apt-key.8.xml:175
1845 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
1846 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
1848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1849 #: apt-key.8.xml:176
1850 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
1853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1854 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
1855 msgid "&keyring-filename;"
1858 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1859 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
1860 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive trusted keys."
1863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1864 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
1865 msgid "&keyring-removed-filename;"
1868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1869 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
1870 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive removed trusted keys."
1873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1874 #: apt-key.8.xml:193
1876 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
1877 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1880 #: apt-mark.8.xml:29
1881 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
1884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1885 #: apt-mark.8.xml:35
1887 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
1888 "being automatically installed."
1891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1892 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
1894 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
1895 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
1896 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
1897 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
1898 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
1901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1902 #: apt-mark.8.xml:48
1904 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
1905 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
1906 "installed packages depend on this package."
1909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1910 #: apt-mark.8.xml:56
1912 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
1913 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
1914 "if no other packages depend on it."
1917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1918 #: apt-mark.8.xml:64
1920 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as held back, which will "
1921 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
1922 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
1923 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
1924 "affected by the <option>--file</option> option."
1927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1928 #: apt-mark.8.xml:74
1930 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
1931 "package to allow all actions again."
1934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1935 #: apt-mark.8.xml:80
1937 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
1938 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
1939 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
1940 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
1943 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1944 #: apt-mark.8.xml:88
1946 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
1947 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
1948 "installed packages instead."
1951 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1952 #: apt-mark.8.xml:95
1954 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
1955 "the same way as for the other show commands."
1958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1959 #: apt-mark.8.xml:111
1961 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
1962 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
1963 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
1964 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
1967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1968 #: apt-mark.8.xml:132
1970 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
1974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1975 #: apt-secure.8.xml:43
1976 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
1979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1980 #: apt-secure.8.xml:48
1982 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
1983 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
1984 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
1985 "the Release file signing key."
1988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1989 #: apt-secure.8.xml:56
1991 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature, or with a signature "
1992 "that apt does not have a key for, that package is considered untrusted, and "
1993 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
1994 "currently only warn for unsigned archives; future releases might force all "
1995 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
1998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1999 #: apt-secure.8.xml:65
2001 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2002 "authentication feature."
2005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2006 #: apt-secure.8.xml:70
2007 msgid "Trusted archives"
2010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2011 #: apt-secure.8.xml:73
2013 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of several "
2014 "steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this chain; "
2015 "trusting an archive does not mean that you trust its packages not to contain "
2016 "malicious code, but means that you trust the archive maintainer. It's the "
2017 "archive maintainer's responsibility to ensure that the archive's integrity "
2021 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2022 #: apt-secure.8.xml:81
2024 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2025 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2026 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2027 "packages respectively)."
2030 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2031 #: apt-secure.8.xml:88
2033 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2034 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. In order to become "
2035 "effective, this upload needs to be signed by a key contained in the Debian "
2036 "Maintainers keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). Maintainers' "
2037 "keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established procedures to "
2038 "ensure the identity of the key holder."
2041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2042 #: apt-secure.8.xml:98
2044 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2045 "maintainer signature is stripped off, and checksums of the package are "
2046 "computed and put in the Packages file. The checksums of all of the Packages "
2047 "files are then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is "
2048 "then signed by the archive key for this &keyring-distro; release, and "
2049 "distributed alongside the packages and the Packages files on &keyring-"
2050 "distro; mirrors. The keys are in the &keyring-distro; archive keyring "
2051 "available in the &keyring-package; package."
2054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2055 #: apt-secure.8.xml:109
2057 "End users can check the signature of the Release file, extract a checksum of "
2058 "a package from it and compare it with the checksum of the package they "
2059 "downloaded by hand - or rely on APT doing this automatically."
2062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2063 #: apt-secure.8.xml:114
2065 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2066 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2070 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
2072 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2073 "checking, malicious agents can introduce themselves into the package "
2074 "download process and provide malicious software either by controlling a "
2075 "network element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue "
2076 "server (through ARP or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2080 #: apt-secure.8.xml:127
2082 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2083 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
2084 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
2088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2089 #: apt-secure.8.xml:134
2091 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
2092 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
2093 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
2094 "package signature."
2097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2098 #: apt-secure.8.xml:140
2099 msgid "User configuration"
2102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2103 #: apt-secure.8.xml:142
2105 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
2106 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys, although an installation of "
2107 "this release will automatically contain the default Debian archive signing "
2108 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
2111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2112 #: apt-secure.8.xml:149
2114 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
2115 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
2116 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
2117 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
2118 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
2122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2123 #: apt-secure.8.xml:158
2124 msgid "Archive configuration"
2127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2128 #: apt-secure.8.xml:160
2130 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
2131 "maintenance you have to:"
2134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2135 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
2137 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
2138 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
2139 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
2142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2143 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
2145 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
2146 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
2147 "gpg Release</command>."
2150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2151 #: apt-secure.8.xml:174
2153 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
2154 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
2158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2159 #: apt-secure.8.xml:181
2161 "Whenever the contents of the archive change (new packages are added or "
2162 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps outlined "
2166 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2167 #: apt-secure.8.xml:189
2169 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
2170 "&debsign;, &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
2173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2174 #: apt-secure.8.xml:193
2176 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
2177 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
2178 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
2179 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
2180 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
2181 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
2184 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2185 #: apt-secure.8.xml:206
2186 msgid "Manpage Authors"
2189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2190 #: apt-secure.8.xml:208
2192 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
2193 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
2196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2197 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:28
2198 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
2201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2202 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:34
2204 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
2205 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
2206 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
2207 "burns and verifying the index files."
2210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2211 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:41
2213 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
2214 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
2215 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
2218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2219 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:52
2221 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
2222 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
2223 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
2224 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
2228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2229 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:60
2231 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
2232 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
2236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2237 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:68
2239 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
2243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2244 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:81
2246 "Do not try to auto-detect the CD-ROM path. Usually combined with the "
2247 "<option>--cdrom</option> option. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
2248 "cdrom::AutoDetect</literal>."
2251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2252 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:89
2254 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
2255 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
2256 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
2259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2260 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:98
2262 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
2263 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
2264 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
2267 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2268 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:107
2270 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
2271 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
2272 "NoMount</literal>."
2275 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2276 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:115
2278 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
2279 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
2280 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
2281 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
2284 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2285 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:125
2287 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
2288 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
2289 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
2292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2293 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:136
2295 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
2296 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
2297 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
2300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2301 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:149
2303 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
2304 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2306 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2307 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:154
2309 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2313 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2314 #: apt-config.8.xml:29
2315 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
2318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2319 #: apt-config.8.xml:35
2321 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
2322 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
2323 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
2324 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
2327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2328 #: apt-config.8.xml:47
2330 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
2331 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
2332 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
2333 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
2337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
2338 #: apt-config.8.xml:55
2342 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
2346 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2347 #: apt-config.8.xml:60
2349 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
2350 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
2353 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2354 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
2356 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
2357 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
2358 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
2361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2362 #: apt-config.8.xml:73
2363 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
2366 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2367 #: apt-config.8.xml:86
2369 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
2370 "empty to remove them from the output."
2373 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
2374 #: apt-config.8.xml:91
2375 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
2378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2379 #: apt-config.8.xml:92
2381 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
2382 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
2383 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
2384 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
2385 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
2386 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
2389 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2390 #: apt-config.8.xml:106 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:67 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:60
2391 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:604
2399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2400 #: apt-config.8.xml:111
2402 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2406 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
2407 #: apt.conf.5.xml:16
2408 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
2411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
2412 #: apt.conf.5.xml:17
2413 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
2416 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
2417 #: apt.conf.5.xml:27 apt_preferences.5.xml:21 sources.list.5.xml:22
2421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2422 #: apt.conf.5.xml:34
2423 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
2426 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2427 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
2429 "<filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file shared "
2430 "by all the tools in the APT suite of tools, though it is by no means the "
2431 "only place options can be set. The suite also shares a common command line "
2432 "parser to provide a uniform environment."
2435 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
2436 #: apt.conf.5.xml:44
2438 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
2442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2443 #: apt.conf.5.xml:46
2445 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
2449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2450 #: apt.conf.5.xml:48
2452 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
2453 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
2454 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
2455 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
2456 "ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
2457 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will "
2458 "be silently ignored."
2461 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2462 #: apt.conf.5.xml:55
2464 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
2467 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2468 #: apt.conf.5.xml:57
2470 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
2471 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
2474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2475 #: apt.conf.5.xml:61
2479 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2480 #: apt.conf.5.xml:62
2482 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
2483 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
2484 "notation; for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
2485 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
2486 "their parent groups."
2489 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2490 #: apt.conf.5.xml:68
2492 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
2493 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
2494 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
2495 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
2496 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The "
2497 "quotation marks and trailing semicolon are required. The value must be on "
2498 "one line, and there is no kind of string concatenation. Values must not "
2499 "include backslashes or extra quotation marks. Option names are made up of "
2500 "alphanumeric characters and the characters \"/-:._+\". A new scope can be "
2501 "opened with curly braces, like this:"
2504 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2505 #: apt.conf.5.xml:81
2510 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
2511 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
2516 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2517 #: apt.conf.5.xml:89
2519 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
2520 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
2521 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, separated by a semicolon."
2524 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2525 #: apt.conf.5.xml:94
2527 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
2530 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2531 #: apt.conf.5.xml:97
2533 "In general the sample configuration file &configureindex; is a good guide "
2534 "for how it should look."
2537 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2538 #: apt.conf.5.xml:100
2540 "Case is not significant in names of configuration items, so in the previous "
2541 "example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
2544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2545 #: apt.conf.5.xml:103
2547 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as can "
2548 "be seen in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. If "
2549 "you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
2550 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option in the same way as "
2551 "any other option by reassigning a new value to the option."
2554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2555 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
2557 "Two special commands are defined: <literal>#include</literal> (which is "
2558 "deprecated and not supported by alternative implementations) and "
2559 "<literal>#clear</literal>. <literal>#include</literal> will include the "
2560 "given file, unless the filename ends in a slash, in which case the whole "
2561 "directory is included. <literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of "
2562 "the configuration tree. The specified element and all its descendants are "
2563 "erased. (Note that these lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
2566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2567 #: apt.conf.5.xml:118
2569 "The <literal>#clear</literal> command is the only way to delete a list or a "
2570 "complete scope. Reopening a scope (or using the syntax described below with "
2571 "an appended <literal>::</literal>) will <emphasis>not</emphasis> override "
2572 "previously written entries. Options can only be overridden by addressing a "
2573 "new value to them - lists and scopes can't be overridden, only cleared."
2576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2577 #: apt.conf.5.xml:126
2579 "All of the APT tools take an -o option which allows an arbitrary "
2580 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
2581 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
2582 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
2583 "element to a list, add a trailing <literal>::</literal> to the name of the "
2584 "list. (As you might suspect, the scope syntax can't be used on the command "
2588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2589 #: apt.conf.5.xml:134
2591 "Note that appending items to a list using <literal>::</literal> only works "
2592 "for one item per line, and that you should not use it in combination with "
2593 "the scope syntax (which adds <literal>::</literal> implicitly). Using both "
2594 "syntaxes together will trigger a bug which some users unfortunately depend "
2595 "on: an option with the unusual name \"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts "
2596 "like every other option with a name. This introduces many problems; for one "
2597 "thing, users who write multiple lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> "
2598 "syntax in the hope of appending to a list will achieve the opposite, as only "
2599 "the last assignment for this option \"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. "
2600 "Future versions of APT will raise errors and stop working if they encounter "
2601 "this misuse, so please correct such statements now while APT doesn't "
2602 "explicitly complain about them."
2605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2606 #: apt.conf.5.xml:149
2607 msgid "The APT Group"
2610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2611 #: apt.conf.5.xml:150
2613 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
2614 "options for all of the tools."
2617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2618 #: apt.conf.5.xml:155
2620 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
2621 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
2625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2626 #: apt.conf.5.xml:162
2628 "All Architectures the system supports. For instance, CPUs implementing the "
2629 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) "
2630 "instruction set are also able to execute binaries compiled for the "
2631 "<literal>i386</literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set. This list "
2632 "is used when fetching files and parsing package lists. The initial default "
2633 "is always the system's native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</"
2634 "literal>), and foreign architectures are added to the default list when they "
2635 "are registered via <command>dpkg --add-architecture</command>."
2638 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2639 #: apt.conf.5.xml:176
2641 "List of all build profiles enabled for build-dependency resolution, without "
2642 "the \"<literal>profile.</literal>\" namespace prefix. By default this list "
2643 "is empty. The <envar>DEB_BUILD_PROFILES</envar> as used by &dpkg-"
2644 "buildpackage; overrides the list notation."
2647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2648 #: apt.conf.5.xml:184
2650 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version is "
2651 "available. Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: "
2652 "'stable', 'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', "
2653 "'4.0', '5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
2656 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2657 #: apt.conf.5.xml:190
2659 "Ignore held packages; this global option causes the problem resolver to "
2660 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
2663 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2664 #: apt.conf.5.xml:195
2666 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
2667 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
2668 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
2669 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
2672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2673 #: apt.conf.5.xml:203
2675 "Defaults to on, which will cause APT to install essential and important "
2676 "packages as soon as possible in an install/upgrade operation, in order to "
2677 "limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call. If this option is disabled, APT "
2678 "treats an important package in the same way as an extra package: between the "
2679 "unpacking of the package A and its configuration there can be many other "
2680 "unpack or configuration calls for other unrelated packages B, C etc. If "
2681 "these cause the &dpkg; call to fail (e.g. because package B's maintainer "
2682 "scripts generate an error), this results in a system state in which package "
2683 "A is unpacked but unconfigured - so any package depending on A is now no "
2684 "longer guaranteed to work, as its dependency on A is no longer satisfied."
2687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2688 #: apt.conf.5.xml:215
2690 "The immediate configuration marker is also applied in the potentially "
2691 "problematic case of circular dependencies, since a dependency with the "
2692 "immediate flag is equivalent to a Pre-Dependency. In theory this allows APT "
2693 "to recognise a situation in which it is unable to perform immediate "
2694 "configuration, abort, and suggest to the user that the option should be "
2695 "temporarily deactivated in order to allow the operation to proceed. Note "
2696 "the use of the word \"theory\" here; in the real world this problem has "
2697 "rarely been encountered, in non-stable distribution versions, and was caused "
2698 "by wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an "
2699 "already broken state; so you should not blindly disable this option, as the "
2700 "scenario mentioned above is not the only problem it can help to prevent in "
2704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2705 #: apt.conf.5.xml:228
2707 "Before a big operation like <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> is run with this "
2708 "option disabled you should try to explicitly <literal>install</literal> the "
2709 "package APT is unable to configure immediately; but please make sure you "
2710 "also report your problem to your distribution and to the APT team with the "
2711 "buglink below, so they can work on improving or correcting the upgrade "
2715 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2716 #: apt.conf.5.xml:239
2718 "Never enable this option unless you <emphasis>really</emphasis> know what "
2719 "you are doing. It permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to "
2720 "break a Conflicts/Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depends loop between two "
2721 "essential packages. <emphasis>Such a loop should never exist and is a grave "
2722 "bug</emphasis>. This option will work if the essential packages are not "
2723 "<command>tar</command>, <command>gzip</command>, <command>libc</command>, "
2724 "<command>dpkg</command>, <command>dash</command> or anything that those "
2725 "packages depend on."
2728 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2729 #: apt.conf.5.xml:251
2731 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
2732 "the available information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint of "
2733 "the size the cache will grow to, and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
2734 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
2735 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT; otherwise it will "
2736 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
2737 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
2738 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
2739 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the cache size will be increased in the event "
2740 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. This "
2741 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
2742 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
2743 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
2744 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
2745 "automatic growth of the cache is disabled."
2748 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2749 #: apt.conf.5.xml:267
2750 msgid "Defines which packages are considered essential build dependencies."
2753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2754 #: apt.conf.5.xml:271
2756 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool; please see its documentation "
2757 "for more information about the options here."
2760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2761 #: apt.conf.5.xml:276
2763 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool; please see its "
2764 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2768 #: apt.conf.5.xml:281
2770 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool; please see its "
2771 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2775 #: apt.conf.5.xml:287
2776 msgid "The Acquire Group"
2779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2780 #: apt.conf.5.xml:288
2782 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
2783 "packages as well as the various \"acquire methods\" responsible for the "
2784 "download itself (see also &sources-list;)."
2787 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2788 #: apt.conf.5.xml:295
2790 "Security related option defaulting to true, as giving a Release file's "
2791 "validation an expiration date prevents replay attacks over a long timescale, "
2792 "and can also for example help users to identify mirrors that are no longer "
2793 "updated - but the feature depends on the correctness of the clock on the "
2794 "user system. Archive maintainers are encouraged to create Release files with "
2795 "the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header, but if they don't or a stricter "
2796 "value is desired the <literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option below can be "
2800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2801 #: apt.conf.5.xml:308
2803 "Maximum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2804 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2805 "should be considered valid. If the Release file itself includes a "
2806 "<literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of the two is used as "
2807 "the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</literal> which stands "
2808 "for \"valid forever\". Archive specific settings can be made by appending "
2809 "the label of the archive to the option name."
2812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2813 #: apt.conf.5.xml:320
2815 "Minimum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2816 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2817 "should be considered valid. Use this if you need to use a seldom updated "
2818 "(local) mirror of a more frequently updated archive with a <literal>Valid-"
2819 "Until</literal> header instead of completely disabling the expiration date "
2820 "checking. Archive specific settings can and should be used by appending the "
2821 "label of the archive to the option name."
2824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2825 #: apt.conf.5.xml:332
2827 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for indexes (like "
2828 "<filename>Packages</filename> files) instead of downloading whole ones. True "
2832 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2833 #: apt.conf.5.xml:335
2835 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: "
2836 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be used to specify a maximum number of "
2837 "PDiff files should be downloaded to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</"
2838 "literal> on the other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all "
2839 "patches compared to the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is "
2840 "exceeded the complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
2843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2844 #: apt.conf.5.xml:345
2846 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
2847 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
2848 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
2849 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
2850 "connection per URI type will be opened."
2853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2854 #: apt.conf.5.xml:353
2856 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
2857 "files the given number of times."
2860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2861 #: apt.conf.5.xml:358
2863 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
2864 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
2867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2868 #: apt.conf.5.xml:363
2870 "<literal>http::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for HTTP URIs. "
2871 "It is in the standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2872 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2873 "<literal>http::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2874 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2875 "settings is specified, <envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will "
2879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2880 #: apt.conf.5.xml:371
2882 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
2883 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy not to use its cached "
2884 "response under any circumstances. <literal>Max-Age</literal> sets the "
2885 "allowed maximum age (in seconds) of an index file in the cache of the "
2886 "proxy. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the proxy should not "
2887 "store the requested archive files in its cache, which can be used to prevent "
2888 "the proxy from polluting its cache with (big) .deb files."
2891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2892 #: apt.conf.5.xml:381 apt.conf.5.xml:469
2894 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
2895 "method; this value applies to the connection as well as the data timeout."
2898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2899 #: apt.conf.5.xml:384
2901 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
2902 "enable HTTP pipelining (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
2903 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are sent in a "
2904 "pipeline. APT tries to detect and workaround misbehaving webservers and "
2905 "proxies at runtime, but if you know that yours does not conform to the "
2906 "HTTP/1.1 specification pipelining can be disabled by setting the value to 0. "
2907 "It is enabled by default with the value 10."
2910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2911 #: apt.conf.5.xml:391
2913 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls whether APT will "
2914 "follow redirects, which is enabled by default."
2917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2918 #: apt.conf.5.xml:394
2920 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
2921 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobytes per second. The default "
2922 "value is 0 which deactivates the limit and tries to use all available "
2923 "bandwidth. Note that this option implicitly disables downloading from "
2924 "multiple servers at the same time."
2927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2928 #: apt.conf.5.xml:401
2930 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
2931 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
2932 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
2935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2936 #: apt.conf.5.xml:405
2938 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy-Auto-Detect</literal> can be used to specify "
2939 "an external command to discover the http proxy to use. Apt expects the "
2940 "command to output the proxy on stdout in the style <literal>http://proxy:"
2941 "port/</literal>. This will override the generic <literal>Acquire::http::"
2942 "Proxy</literal> but not any specific host proxy configuration set via "
2943 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy::$HOST</literal>. See the &squid-deb-proxy-"
2944 "client; package for an example implementation that uses avahi. This option "
2945 "takes precedence over the legacy option name <literal>ProxyAutoDetect</"
2949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2950 #: apt.conf.5.xml:423
2952 "The <literal>Cache-control</literal>, <literal>Timeout</literal>, "
2953 "<literal>AllowRedirect</literal>, <literal>Dl-Limit</literal> and "
2954 "<literal>proxy</literal> options work for HTTPS URIs in the same way as for "
2955 "the <literal>http</literal> method, and default to the same values if they "
2956 "are not explicitly set. The <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is not "
2960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2961 #: apt.conf.5.xml:431
2963 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
2964 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is the "
2965 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
2966 "suboption determines whether or not the server's host certificate should be "
2967 "verified against trusted certificates. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</"
2968 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</"
2969 "literal> boolean suboption determines whether or not the server's hostname "
2970 "should be verified. <literal><host>::Verify-Host</literal> is the "
2971 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslCert</literal> determines what "
2972 "certificate to use for client authentication. <literal><host>::"
2973 "SslCert</literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslKey</"
2974 "literal> determines what private key to use for client authentication. "
2975 "<literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is the corresponding per-host "
2976 "option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides default SSL version to "
2977 "use. It can contain either of the strings '<literal>TLSv1</literal>' or "
2978 "'<literal>SSLv3</literal>'. <literal><host>::SslForceVersion</"
2979 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option."
2982 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2983 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
2985 "<literal>ftp::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for FTP URIs. "
2986 "It is in the standard form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2987 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2988 "<literal>ftp::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2989 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2990 "settings is specified, <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be "
2991 "used. To use an FTP proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</"
2992 "literal> script in the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands "
2993 "to send to tell the proxy server what to connect to. Please see "
2994 "&configureindex; for an example of how to do this. The substitution "
2995 "variables representing the corresponding URI component are <literal>"
2996 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal>, <literal>"
2997 "$(SITE_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE)</"
2998 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal>."
3001 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3002 #: apt.conf.5.xml:472
3004 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3005 "to leave passive mode on; it works in nearly every environment. However, "
3006 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode FTP used "
3007 "instead. This can be done globally or for connections that go through a "
3008 "proxy or for a specific host (see the sample config file for examples)."
3011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3012 #: apt.conf.5.xml:479
3014 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3015 "envar> environment variable to an HTTP URL - see the discussion of the http "
3016 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3017 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3021 #: apt.conf.5.xml:484
3023 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3024 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3025 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3026 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3027 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3030 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3031 #: apt.conf.5.xml:498
3033 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3037 #: apt.conf.5.xml:493
3039 "For URIs using the <literal>cdrom</literal> method, the only configurable "
3040 "option is the mount point, <literal>cdrom::Mount</literal>, which must be "
3041 "the mount point for the CD-ROM (or DVD, or whatever) drive as specified in "
3042 "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to provide alternate mount "
3043 "and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be listed in the fstab. The "
3044 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3045 "<literal>cdrom</literal> block. It is important to have the trailing slash. "
3046 "Unmount commands can be specified using UMount."
3049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3050 #: apt.conf.5.xml:506
3052 "For GPGV URIs the only configurable option is <literal>gpgv::Options</"
3053 "literal>, which passes additional parameters to gpgv."
3056 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3057 #: apt.conf.5.xml:517
3059 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3063 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
3065 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3066 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3067 "compression formats. By default the acquire methods can decompress "
3068 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3069 "command> compressed files; with this setting more formats can be added on "
3070 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3071 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3075 #: apt.conf.5.xml:522
3077 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3080 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3081 #: apt.conf.5.xml:525
3083 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3087 #: apt.conf.5.xml:518
3089 "Also, the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3090 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3091 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3092 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simply add the "
3093 "preferred type first - default types not already added will be implicitly "
3094 "appended to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3095 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3096 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3097 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3098 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this: "
3099 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3100 "<literal>bz2</literal> to the list explicitly as it will be added "
3104 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3105 #: apt.conf.5.xml:532
3107 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3111 #: apt.conf.5.xml:527
3113 "Note that the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable></"
3114 "literal> will be checked at run time. If this option has been set, the "
3115 "method will only be used if this file exists; e.g. for the <literal>bzip2</"
3116 "literal> method (the inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout"
3117 "\" id=\"0\"/> Note also that list entries specified on the command line will "
3118 "be added at the end of the list specified in the configuration files, but "
3119 "before the default entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones "
3120 "specified in the configuration files you can set the option direct - not in "
3121 "list style. This will not override the defined list; it will only prefix "
3122 "the list with this type."
3125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3126 #: apt.conf.5.xml:537
3128 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3129 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3130 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3134 #: apt.conf.5.xml:544
3136 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3137 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3138 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3139 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3142 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3143 #: apt.conf.5.xml:552
3145 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3146 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the description-"
3147 "translations. APT will try to display the first available description in the "
3148 "language which is listed first. Languages can be defined with their short or "
3149 "long language codes. Note that not all archives provide "
3150 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every language - the long "
3151 "language codes are especially rare."
3154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3155 #: apt.conf.5.xml:569
3157 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3161 #: apt.conf.5.xml:557
3163 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3164 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: it will be "
3165 "replaced at runtime with the language codes extracted from the "
3166 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3167 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3168 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3169 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3170 "force APT to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3171 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3172 "meaning code which will stop the search for a suitable "
3173 "<filename>Translation</filename> file. This tells APT to download these "
3174 "translations too, without actually using them unless the environment "
3175 "specifies the languages. So the following example configuration will result "
3176 "in the order \"en, de\" in an English locale or \"de, en\" in a German one. "
3177 "Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used unless APT is used in a French "
3178 "locale (where the order would be \"fr, de, en\"). <placeholder type="
3179 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
3182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3183 #: apt.conf.5.xml:570
3185 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3186 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3187 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3188 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3191 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3192 #: apt.conf.5.xml:579
3193 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv4 protocol."
3196 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3197 #: apt.conf.5.xml:585
3198 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv6 protocol."
3201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3202 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
3204 "The maximum file size of Release/Release.gpg/InRelease files. The default "
3208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3209 #: apt.conf.5.xml:598
3211 "Allow the update operation to load data files from a repository without a "
3212 "trusted signature. If enabled this option no data files will be loaded and "
3213 "the update operation fails with a error for this source. The default is "
3214 "false for backward compatibility. This will be changed in the future."
3217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3218 #: apt.conf.5.xml:609
3220 "Allow that a repository that was previously gpg signed to become unsigned "
3221 "durign a update operation. When there is no valid signature of a perviously "
3222 "trusted repository apt will refuse the update. This option can be used to "
3223 "override this protection. You almost certainly never want to enable this. "
3224 "The default is false. Note that apt will still consider packages from this "
3225 "source untrusted and warn about them if you try to install them."
3228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3229 #: apt.conf.5.xml:624
3233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3234 #: apt.conf.5.xml:626
3236 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3237 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3238 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3239 "&dpkg; status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3240 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3241 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub-items if they do not "
3242 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3246 #: apt.conf.5.xml:633
3248 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3249 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3250 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3251 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3252 "be turned off by setting <literal>pkgcache</literal> or "
3253 "<literal>srcpkgcache</literal> to <literal>\"\"</literal>. This will slow "
3254 "down startup but save disk space. It is probably preferable to turn off the "
3255 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3256 "the default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3260 #: apt.conf.5.xml:643
3262 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3263 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3264 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3265 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3266 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3269 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3270 #: apt.conf.5.xml:649
3272 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3273 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3274 "main config file is loaded."
3277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3278 #: apt.conf.5.xml:653
3280 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3281 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3282 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3283 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3284 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3285 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3289 #: apt.conf.5.xml:661
3291 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3292 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3293 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3294 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3295 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3296 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3297 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3301 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3302 #: apt.conf.5.xml:674
3304 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3305 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3306 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3307 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3308 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3309 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3313 #: apt.conf.5.xml:683
3314 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3317 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3318 #: apt.conf.5.xml:685
3320 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3321 "control the default behavior. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3326 #: apt.conf.5.xml:690
3328 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of <literal>always</literal>, "
3329 "<literal>prompt</literal>, <literal>auto</literal>, <literal>pre-auto</"
3330 "literal> and <literal>never</literal>. <literal>always</literal> and "
3331 "<literal>prompt</literal> will remove all packages from the cache after "
3332 "upgrading, <literal>prompt</literal> (the default) does so conditionally. "
3333 "<literal>auto</literal> removes only those packages which are no longer "
3334 "downloadable (replaced with a new version for instance). <literal>pre-auto</"
3335 "literal> performs this action before downloading new packages."
3338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3339 #: apt.conf.5.xml:704
3341 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3342 "options when it is run for the install phase."
3345 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3346 #: apt.conf.5.xml:709
3348 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3349 "options when it is run for the update phase."
3352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3353 #: apt.conf.5.xml:714
3355 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
3356 "The default is to prompt only on error."
3359 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3360 #: apt.conf.5.xml:720
3361 msgid "How APT calls &dpkg;"
3364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3365 #: apt.conf.5.xml:721
3367 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
3368 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
3371 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3372 #: apt.conf.5.xml:726
3374 "This is a list of options to pass to &dpkg;. The options must be specified "
3375 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
3379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3380 #: apt.conf.5.xml:732
3382 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3383 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3384 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3385 "fail APT will abort."
3388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3389 #: apt.conf.5.xml:739
3391 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3392 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3393 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3394 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass the filenames of all .deb files it is "
3395 "going to install to the commands, one per line on the requested file "
3396 "descriptor, defaulting to standard input."
3399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3400 #: apt.conf.5.xml:746
3402 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
3403 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
3404 "being changed. Version 3 adds the architecture and <literal>MultiArch</"
3405 "literal> flag to each version being dumped."
3408 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3409 #: apt.conf.5.xml:751
3411 "The version of the protocol to be used for the command "
3412 "<literal><replaceable>cmd</replaceable></literal> can be chosen by setting "
3413 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::Version</"
3414 "literal> accordingly, the default being version 1. If APT isn't supporting "
3415 "the requested version it will send the information in the highest version it "
3416 "has support for instead."
3419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3420 #: apt.conf.5.xml:758
3422 "The file descriptor to be used to send the information can be requested with "
3423 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::InfoFD</"
3424 "literal> which defaults to <literal>0</literal> for standard input and is "
3425 "available since version 0.9.11. Support for the option can be detected by "
3426 "looking for the environment variable <envar>APT_HOOK_INFO_FD</envar> which "
3427 "contains the number of the used file descriptor as a confirmation."
3430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3431 #: apt.conf.5.xml:768
3433 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking &dpkg;, the default is "
3434 "<filename>/</filename>."
3437 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3438 #: apt.conf.5.xml:773
3440 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages; the "
3441 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
3444 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3445 #: apt.conf.5.xml:778
3446 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
3449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3450 #: apt.conf.5.xml:779
3452 "APT can call &dpkg; in such a way as to let it make aggressive use of "
3453 "triggers over multiple calls of &dpkg;. Without further options &dpkg; will "
3454 "use triggers once each time it runs. Activating these options can therefore "
3455 "decrease the time needed to perform the install or upgrade. Note that it is "
3456 "intended to activate these options per default in the future, but as it "
3457 "drastically changes the way APT calls &dpkg; it needs a lot more testing. "
3458 "<emphasis>These options are therefore currently experimental and should not "
3459 "be used in production environments.</emphasis> It also breaks progress "
3460 "reporting such that all front-ends will currently stay around half (or more) "
3461 "of the time in the 100% state while it actually configures all packages."
3464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
3465 #: apt.conf.5.xml:794
3468 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
3469 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
3470 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
3471 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
3474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3475 #: apt.conf.5.xml:788
3477 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
3478 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
3479 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
3480 "enough to help testing them, create a new configuration file and test a "
3481 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
3482 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
3483 "reports. Asking &dpkg; for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
3484 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
3485 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3489 #: apt.conf.5.xml:801
3491 "Add the no triggers flag to all &dpkg; calls (except the ConfigurePending "
3492 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
3493 "short: &dpkg; will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it "
3494 "is explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option "
3495 "exists (undocumented) also in older APT versions with a slightly different "
3496 "meaning: Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure "
3497 "calls to &dpkg; - now APT will also add this flag to the unpack and remove "
3501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3502 #: apt.conf.5.xml:809
3504 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
3505 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". The default value is \"<literal>all</literal>"
3506 "\", which causes APT to configure all packages. The \"<literal>smart</"
3507 "literal>\" way is to configure only packages which need to be configured "
3508 "before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends), and let the rest be "
3509 "configured by &dpkg; with a call generated by the ConfigurePending option "
3510 "(see below). On the other hand, \"<literal>no</literal>\" will not configure "
3511 "anything, and totally relies on &dpkg; for configuration (which at the "
3512 "moment will fail if a Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to "
3513 "any value other than <literal>all</literal> will implicitly also activate "
3514 "the next option by default, as otherwise the system could end in an "
3515 "unconfigured and potentially unbootable state."
3518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3519 #: apt.conf.5.xml:824
3521 "If this option is set APT will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
3522 "command> to let &dpkg; handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
3523 "option is activated automatically per default if the previous option is not "
3524 "set to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating it could be useful if you "
3525 "want to run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these "
3526 "sceneries you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
3529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3530 #: apt.conf.5.xml:831
3532 "Useful for the <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
3533 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal>, and "
3534 "&dpkg; treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a "
3535 "showstopper for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will "
3536 "process all triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
3539 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3540 #: apt.conf.5.xml:844
3543 "OrderList::Score {\n"
3545 "\tEssential 200;\n"
3547 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
3551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3552 #: apt.conf.5.xml:837
3554 "Essential packages (and their dependencies) should be configured immediately "
3555 "after unpacking. It is a good idea to do this quite early in the upgrade "
3556 "process as these configure calls also currently require <literal>DPkg::"
3557 "TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers (which may not "
3558 "be needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the immediate flag "
3559 "is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is rated higher). "
3560 "These option and the others in the same group can be used to change the "
3561 "scoring. The following example shows the settings with their default "
3562 "values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3566 #: apt.conf.5.xml:857
3567 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
3570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3571 #: apt.conf.5.xml:858
3573 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
3574 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by the "
3575 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See the top of this script "
3576 "for the brief documentation of these options."
3579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3580 #: apt.conf.5.xml:866
3581 msgid "Debug options"
3584 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3585 #: apt.conf.5.xml:868
3587 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
3588 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
3589 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
3590 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
3591 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
3595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3596 #: apt.conf.5.xml:879
3598 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
3599 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
3603 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3604 #: apt.conf.5.xml:887
3606 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
3607 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
3608 "literal>) as a non-root user."
3611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3612 #: apt.conf.5.xml:896
3614 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
3615 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
3619 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
3621 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3622 #: apt.conf.5.xml:904
3624 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
3628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3629 #: apt.conf.5.xml:914
3630 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
3633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3634 #: apt.conf.5.xml:923
3636 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
3639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3640 #: apt.conf.5.xml:934
3641 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
3644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3645 #: apt.conf.5.xml:945
3646 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
3649 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3650 #: apt.conf.5.xml:956
3651 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
3654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3655 #: apt.conf.5.xml:967
3657 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
3658 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
3661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3662 #: apt.conf.5.xml:978
3664 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
3665 "stored on CD-ROMs."
3668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3669 #: apt.conf.5.xml:988
3670 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
3673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3674 #: apt.conf.5.xml:998
3676 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
3677 "literal> libraries."
3680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3681 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1008
3683 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
3684 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
3688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3689 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1019
3691 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
3692 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
3695 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3696 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1031
3697 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
3700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3701 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1041
3703 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
3704 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
3707 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3708 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1051
3710 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
3711 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
3714 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3715 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1063
3717 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
3718 "index diffs instead of full indices."
3721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3722 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1074
3724 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
3727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3728 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1085
3730 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
3731 "the removal of unused packages."
3734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3735 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1095
3737 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
3738 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
3739 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
3740 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
3741 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
3744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3745 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1109
3747 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are marked as keep/install/"
3748 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
3749 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional "
3750 "spaces under the original entry. The format for each line is "
3751 "<literal>MarkKeep</literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or "
3752 "<literal>MarkInstall</literal> followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -"
3753 "> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is "
3754 "the current version of the package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version "
3755 "considered for installation and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, "
3756 "but not considered for installation (because of a low pin score). The later "
3757 "two can be omitted if there is none or if it is the same as the installed "
3758 "version. <literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package "
3762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3763 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1130
3765 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
3766 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
3769 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3770 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1141
3772 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
3773 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
3776 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3777 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1152
3779 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
3780 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
3783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3784 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1164
3786 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
3789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3790 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1175
3791 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
3794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3795 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1185
3797 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
3798 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
3801 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3802 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1196
3804 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
3805 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
3806 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
3809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3810 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1208
3812 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
3816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3817 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1218
3819 "Display the external commands that are called by apt hooks. This includes e."
3820 "g. the config options <literal>DPkg::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal> or "
3821 "<literal>APT::Update::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal>."
3824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3825 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1242 apt_preferences.5.xml:541 sources.list.5.xml:233
3826 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:592
3831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3832 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1243
3834 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
3838 #. ? reading apt.conf
3839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3840 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1255
3842 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
3843 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
3845 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3846 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:28
3848 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
3849 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
3851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3852 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:33
3855 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
3856 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
3857 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
3860 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
3861 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
3864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3865 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:38
3868 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
3869 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
3870 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
3871 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
3872 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
3873 "priority for installation. The APT preferences override the priorities that "
3874 "APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the user control "
3875 "over which one is selected for installation."
3877 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
3878 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
3879 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
3880 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
3881 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
3882 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
3883 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
3884 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
3885 "selecionada para instalação."
3887 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3888 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:48
3891 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
3892 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
3893 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
3894 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences do not affect the choice of "
3895 "instance, only the choice of version."
3897 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
3898 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
3899 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
3900 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
3901 "a escolha da instância."
3903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3904 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:55
3906 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
3907 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
3908 "not question the preferences, so wrong settings can lead to uninstallable "
3909 "packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even more problems "
3910 "will arise if multiple distribution releases are mixed without a good "
3911 "understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a specific "
3912 "release aren't tested in (and therefore don't always work as expected in) "
3913 "older or newer releases, or together with other packages from different "
3914 "releases. You have been warned."
3917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3918 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:66
3920 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
3921 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
3922 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
3923 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
3924 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
3925 "that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the "
3926 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which "
3927 "case it will be silently ignored."
3930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3931 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:75
3933 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
3934 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
3936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3937 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:90
3939 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
3941 "<programlisting>\n"
3942 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
3944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
3945 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:93
3947 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3949 "<programlisting>\n"
3950 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
3952 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3953 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:77
3956 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
3957 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
3958 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
3959 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
3960 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
3961 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
3962 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
3963 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
3964 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
3965 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
3966 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
3968 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
3969 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
3970 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
3971 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
3972 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
3973 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
3974 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
3975 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
3977 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3978 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
3981 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
3982 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
3984 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
3985 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
3988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3989 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:102
3992 msgstr "prioridade 100"
3994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
3995 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:103
3997 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
3998 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
3999 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4000 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4004 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:109
4006 msgid "priority 100"
4007 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4009 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4010 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:110
4012 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4013 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4014 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4015 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4019 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:117
4021 msgid "priority 500"
4022 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4024 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4025 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:118
4028 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
4031 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
4033 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4034 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4036 msgid "priority 990"
4037 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4039 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4040 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:123
4043 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
4045 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4047 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4048 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:128
4051 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4052 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4053 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4054 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4055 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4056 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4058 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4059 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4060 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4063 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:135
4066 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4067 "determine which version of a package to install."
4069 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4070 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4072 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4073 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:138
4076 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4077 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4078 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4079 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4080 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4082 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4083 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4084 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4085 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4086 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4087 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4089 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4090 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:144
4092 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4093 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4095 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4096 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:145
4099 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4100 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4102 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4103 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4105 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4106 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4109 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4110 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4111 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4113 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4114 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4115 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4117 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4118 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:154
4121 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4122 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4123 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4124 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4125 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4127 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4128 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4129 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4130 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4131 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4135 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:161
4138 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4139 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4140 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4141 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4143 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4144 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4145 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4146 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4147 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4150 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:166
4153 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4154 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4155 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4156 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4157 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4158 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4159 "than the installed version."
4161 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4162 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4163 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4164 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4165 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4166 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4167 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4170 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:175
4172 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4173 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4175 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4176 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:177
4179 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4180 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4181 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4182 "specific form and a general form."
4184 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4185 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4186 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4187 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4190 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:183
4193 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4194 "specified packages with a specified version or version range. For example, "
4195 "the following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4196 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4197 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by "
4200 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4201 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4202 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4203 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4204 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4206 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4207 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:190
4211 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4212 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4214 "<programlisting>\n"
4216 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4217 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4219 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4220 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:196
4223 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4224 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4225 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4226 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4227 "fully qualified domain name."
4229 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4230 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4231 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4232 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4233 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4236 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:202
4239 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4240 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4241 "all package versions available from the local site."
4243 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4244 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4245 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4248 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4249 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:207
4253 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4254 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4256 "<programlisting>\n"
4258 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4259 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4262 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:212
4264 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4265 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4266 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4267 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4271 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
4275 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4276 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4278 "<programlisting>\n"
4280 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4281 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4283 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4284 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
4287 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4288 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4289 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4290 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4293 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4294 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4295 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4296 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4297 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4298 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4301 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:225
4304 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4305 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4308 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4309 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4310 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4313 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4317 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4318 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4320 "<programlisting>\n"
4322 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4323 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4326 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:234
4329 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4330 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4333 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4334 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4335 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4338 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4342 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4343 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4345 "<programlisting>\n"
4347 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4348 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4350 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4351 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:243
4354 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4355 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4356 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>&stable-version;</literal>\"."
4358 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4359 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4360 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4364 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:248
4368 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4369 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4371 "<programlisting>\n"
4373 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
4374 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4377 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:258
4378 msgid "Regular expressions and &glob; syntax"
4381 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4382 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:260
4384 "APT also supports pinning by &glob; expressions, and regular expressions "
4385 "surrounded by slashes. For example, the following example assigns the "
4386 "priority 500 to all packages from experimental where the name starts with "
4387 "gnome (as a &glob;-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX "
4388 "extended regular expression surrounded by slashes)."
4391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4392 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:269
4395 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4396 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
4397 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4399 "<programlisting>\n"
4401 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4402 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4405 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:275
4407 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4408 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4409 "packages from a release starting with &ubuntu-codename;."
4412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4413 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:281
4417 "Pin: release n=&ubuntu-codename;*\n"
4418 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4420 "<programlisting>\n"
4422 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4423 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4426 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:287
4428 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4429 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4430 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4431 "the future; thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4432 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4433 "Package field is not considered a &glob; expression in itself."
4436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4437 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:303
4439 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
4440 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
4442 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4443 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:306
4446 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
4447 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
4449 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
4450 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
4451 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
4453 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4454 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:311
4455 msgid "P >= 1000"
4456 msgstr "P >= 1000"
4458 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4459 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:312
4462 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
4465 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
4466 "dowgrade do pacote"
4468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4469 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
4470 msgid "990 <= P < 1000"
4471 msgstr "990 <= P < 1000"
4473 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4474 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:317
4477 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
4478 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
4480 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
4481 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4484 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:322
4485 msgid "500 <= P < 990"
4486 msgstr "500 <= P < 990"
4488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4489 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:323
4492 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4493 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
4495 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4496 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4498 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4499 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:328
4500 msgid "100 <= P < 500"
4501 msgstr "100 <= P < 500"
4503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4504 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:329
4507 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4508 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
4510 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4511 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
4514 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4515 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:334
4516 msgid "0 < P < 100"
4517 msgstr "0 < P < 100"
4519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4520 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:335
4523 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
4526 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
4527 "instalada do pacote"
4529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4530 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
4534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4535 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:340
4537 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
4538 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
4540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4541 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:345
4544 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
4545 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
4546 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
4547 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
4549 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
4550 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
4551 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
4552 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
4553 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
4554 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
4556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4557 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:351
4560 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
4561 "presented earlier:"
4563 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
4564 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
4566 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4567 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
4571 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4572 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4575 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4576 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4579 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4580 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4582 "<programlisting>\n"
4584 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4585 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4588 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4589 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4592 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4593 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4596 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:368
4600 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4601 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:370
4604 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
4605 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
4606 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> &good-perl;"
4607 "* version of <literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version "
4608 "is &bad-perl;*, then <literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
4610 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
4611 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
4612 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
4613 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
4614 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
4616 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4617 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:375
4620 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
4621 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
4622 "versions belonging to the target release."
4624 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
4625 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
4626 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
4628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4629 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
4632 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
4633 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
4634 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
4635 "and no version of the package is already installed."
4637 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
4638 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
4639 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
4640 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
4643 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4644 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:389
4646 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
4647 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
4649 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4650 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:391
4653 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
4654 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
4655 "describe the packages available at that location."
4657 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
4658 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
4659 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
4661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4662 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
4665 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4666 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
4667 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
4668 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
4669 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
4670 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
4671 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4673 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
4674 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
4675 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
4676 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
4677 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
4678 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
4679 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
4682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4683 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:403
4685 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
4686 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
4688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4689 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:404
4691 msgid "gives the package name"
4692 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
4694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4695 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407 apt_preferences.5.xml:457
4697 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
4698 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
4700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4701 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
4703 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
4704 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
4706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4707 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:413
4710 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4711 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
4712 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
4713 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
4714 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
4715 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
4716 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
4717 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4719 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
4720 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
4721 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
4722 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
4723 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
4724 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
4725 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
4726 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
4729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4730 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:424
4732 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
4733 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
4735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4736 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:425
4739 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4740 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
4741 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4742 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
4743 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
4746 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4747 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4748 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4749 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4750 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4751 "requerer a linha :"
4753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4754 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:435
4756 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4758 "<programlisting>\n"
4759 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4762 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:441
4764 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
4765 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4768 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:442
4771 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4772 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
4773 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4774 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
4775 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
4776 "preferences file would require the line:"
4778 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4779 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4780 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4781 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4782 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4783 "requerer a linha :"
4785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4786 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:451
4788 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4790 "<programlisting>\n"
4791 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4794 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:458
4797 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
4798 "belong to Debian release version &stable-version;. Note that there is "
4799 "normally no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and "
4800 "<literal>unstable</literal> distributions because they have not been "
4801 "released yet. Specifying this in the APT preferences file would require one "
4802 "of the following lines."
4804 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
4805 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
4806 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
4807 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
4808 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
4811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4812 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:467
4815 "Pin: release v=&stable-version;\n"
4816 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4817 "Pin: release &stable-version;\n"
4819 "<programlisting>\n"
4820 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
4821 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
4822 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
4824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4825 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:476
4827 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
4828 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4831 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:477
4834 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
4835 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
4836 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
4837 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
4838 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
4839 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
4841 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
4842 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
4843 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4844 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
4845 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
4846 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4847 "requerer a linha :"
4849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4850 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:486
4852 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
4854 "<programlisting>\n"
4855 "Pin: release c=main\n"
4857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4858 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:492
4860 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
4861 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
4863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4864 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:493
4867 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4868 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4869 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
4872 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
4873 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
4874 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4875 "requerer a linha :"
4877 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4878 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:499
4880 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4882 "<programlisting>\n"
4883 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4885 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4886 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:505
4888 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
4889 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
4891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4892 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:506
4895 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
4896 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
4897 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
4900 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
4901 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
4902 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
4904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4905 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:512
4907 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4909 "<programlisting>\n"
4910 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
4912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4913 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:519
4916 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
4917 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
4918 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
4919 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
4920 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
4921 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
4922 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
4923 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
4924 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
4925 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
4927 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
4928 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
4929 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
4930 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
4931 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
4932 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
4933 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
4934 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
4935 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
4936 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
4938 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4939 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:532
4941 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
4942 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
4944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4945 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:534
4948 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
4949 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
4950 "provides a place for comments."
4952 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
4953 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
4954 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
4956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4957 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:543
4959 msgid "Tracking Stable"
4960 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
4962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4963 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:551
4966 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
4967 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
4969 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4970 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4973 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4974 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4976 "<programlisting>\n"
4977 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
4978 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
4980 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4981 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4984 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
4985 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
4987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4988 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:545
4991 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
4992 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
4993 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
4994 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
4995 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
4997 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
4998 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
4999 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5000 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5001 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5004 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:568 apt_preferences.5.xml:614
5005 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:672
5008 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5010 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5012 "<programlisting>\n"
5013 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5015 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5017 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5018 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:563
5021 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5022 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5023 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5026 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5027 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5028 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5030 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5031 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:580
5033 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5035 "<programlisting>\n"
5036 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5039 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:574
5042 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5043 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5044 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5045 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5047 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5048 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5049 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5051 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5052 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:586
5054 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5055 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5058 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:595
5062 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5063 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5066 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5067 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5070 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5071 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5073 "<programlisting>\n"
5075 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5076 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5079 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5080 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5083 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5084 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5087 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:588
5090 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5091 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5092 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5093 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5094 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5095 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5097 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5098 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5099 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5100 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5101 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5104 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:609
5107 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5108 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5109 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5112 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5113 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para "
5114 "a(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5117 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:629
5119 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5121 "<programlisting>\n"
5122 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5124 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5125 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:620
5128 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5129 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5130 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5131 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5132 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5133 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5134 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5136 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5137 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5138 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5139 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5140 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5141 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5142 "recente que a versão instalada."
5144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5145 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:636
5146 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5150 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:650
5153 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5154 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5156 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5157 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5159 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5161 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5162 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5165 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5166 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5168 "<programlisting>\n"
5169 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5170 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5172 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5173 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5176 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5177 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5179 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5180 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:638
5182 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5183 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5184 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5185 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5186 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5187 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5188 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5189 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5190 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5191 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5195 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:667
5198 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5199 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5200 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5201 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5203 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5204 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5205 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5208 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:687
5210 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5212 "<programlisting>\n"
5213 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5215 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5216 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:678
5219 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5220 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5221 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5222 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5223 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5224 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5225 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5227 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5228 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5229 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5230 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5231 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5232 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5233 "recente que a versão instalada."
5235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5236 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:702
5238 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5239 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5241 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5242 #: sources.list.5.xml:29
5243 msgid "List of configured APT data sources"
5246 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5247 #: sources.list.5.xml:34
5249 "The source list <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> is designed to "
5250 "support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The file "
5251 "lists one source per line, with the most preferred source listed first. The "
5252 "information available from the configured sources is acquired by "
5253 "<command>apt-get update</command> (or by an equivalent command from another "
5257 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5258 #: sources.list.5.xml:41
5260 "Each line specifying a source starts with type (e.g. <literal>deb-src</"
5261 "literal>) followed by options and arguments for this type. Individual "
5262 "entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines are ignored, "
5263 "and a <literal>#</literal> character anywhere on a line marks the remainder "
5264 "of that line as a comment."
5267 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5268 #: sources.list.5.xml:49
5269 msgid "sources.list.d"
5272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5273 #: sources.list.5.xml:50
5275 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5276 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5277 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5278 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5279 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5280 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file, unless that "
5281 "file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5282 "configuration list - in which case it will be silently ignored."
5285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5286 #: sources.list.5.xml:61
5287 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5290 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5291 #: sources.list.5.xml:62
5293 "The <literal>deb</literal> type references a typical two-level Debian "
5294 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. The "
5295 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archive name like "
5296 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5297 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5298 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal>, "
5299 "<literal>contrib</literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-"
5300 "src</literal> type references a Debian distribution's source code in the "
5301 "same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> "
5302 "line is required to fetch source indexes."
5305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5306 #: sources.list.5.xml:73
5308 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5309 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5312 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5313 #: sources.list.5.xml:76
5315 msgid "deb [ options ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]"
5318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5319 #: sources.list.5.xml:80
5322 " Types: deb deb-src\n"
5323 " URIs: http://example.com\n"
5324 " Suites: stable testing\n"
5325 " Sections: component1 component2\n"
5326 " Description: short\n"
5328 " [option1]: [option1-value]\n"
5331 " URIs: http://another.example.com\n"
5332 " Suites: experimental\n"
5333 " Sections: component1 component2\n"
5335 " Description: short\n"
5337 " [option1]: [option1-value]\n"
5341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5342 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5344 "Alternatively a rfc822 style format is also supported: <placeholder type="
5345 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
5348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5349 #: sources.list.5.xml:99
5351 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5352 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5353 "<literal>suite</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5354 "components must be omitted and <literal>suite</literal> must end with a "
5355 "slash (<literal>/</literal>). This is useful for the case when only a "
5356 "particular sub-section of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If "
5357 "<literal>suite</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one "
5358 "<literal>component</literal> must be present."
5361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5362 #: sources.list.5.xml:108
5364 "<literal>suite</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)</"
5365 "literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (such as <literal>amd64</"
5366 "literal> or <literal>armel</literal>) used on the system. This permits "
5367 "architecture-independent <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. "
5368 "In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path, "
5369 "<literal>APT</literal> will automatically generate a URI with the current "
5370 "architecture otherwise."
5373 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5374 #: sources.list.5.xml:116
5376 "In the traditional style sources.list format since only one distribution can "
5377 "be specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for the "
5378 "same URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at that "
5379 "location is desired. APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a "
5380 "complete set internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same "
5381 "Internet host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not "
5382 "inefficiently establish an FTP connection, close it, do something else, and "
5383 "then re-establish a connection to that same host. This feature is useful for "
5384 "accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the number of simultaneous anonymous "
5385 "users. APT also parallelizes connections to different hosts to more "
5386 "effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5389 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5390 #: sources.list.5.xml:130
5392 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surrounded by "
5393 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
5394 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
5395 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
5396 "following settings are supported by APT (note however that unsupported "
5397 "settings will be ignored silently):"
5400 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5401 #: sources.list.5.xml:136
5403 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
5404 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
5405 "information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
5406 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
5407 "will be downloaded."
5410 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5411 #: sources.list.5.xml:140
5413 "<literal>arch+=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
5414 "replaceable>,…</literal> and <literal>arch-=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,"
5415 "<replaceable>arch2</replaceable>,…</literal> which can be used to add/remove "
5416 "architectures from the set which will be downloaded."
5419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5420 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
5422 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
5423 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
5424 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
5425 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
5426 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
5427 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
5430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5431 #: sources.list.5.xml:150
5433 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5434 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5435 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5436 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5439 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5440 #: sources.list.5.xml:155
5442 msgid "Some examples:"
5445 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5446 #: sources.list.5.xml:157
5449 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
5450 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
5454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5455 #: sources.list.5.xml:163
5456 msgid "URI specification"
5459 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5460 #: sources.list.5.xml:165
5461 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
5464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5465 #: sources.list.5.xml:169
5467 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5468 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
5472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5473 #: sources.list.5.xml:176
5475 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
5476 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
5479 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5480 #: sources.list.5.xml:183
5482 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
5483 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
5484 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
5485 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
5486 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
5490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5491 #: sources.list.5.xml:194
5493 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
5494 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
5495 "Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified by using the "
5496 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify an "
5497 "HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using this "
5498 "environment variable and <emphasis>only</emphasis> this environment "
5499 "variable. Proxies using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be "
5503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5504 #: sources.list.5.xml:206
5506 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
5507 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
5508 "This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with "
5512 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5513 #: sources.list.5.xml:213
5515 "The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and access "
5516 "the files as a given user. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys is "
5517 "recommended. The standard <command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> "
5518 "commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host."
5521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5522 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
5523 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
5526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5527 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
5529 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, "
5530 "which should follow the naming scheme <package>apt-transport-"
5531 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. For instance, the APT team "
5532 "also maintains the package <package>apt-transport-https</package>, which "
5533 "provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http "
5534 "method. Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available - see &apt-"
5535 "transport-debtorrent;."
5538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5539 #: sources.list.5.xml:234
5541 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
5542 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
5545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5546 #: sources.list.5.xml:236
5548 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
5551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5552 #: sources.list.5.xml:238
5553 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
5556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5557 #: sources.list.5.xml:239
5559 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5563 #: sources.list.5.xml:241
5564 msgid "Source line for the above"
5567 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5568 #: sources.list.5.xml:242
5570 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5573 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5574 #: sources.list.5.xml:244
5576 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
5577 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
5578 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
5581 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5582 #: sources.list.5.xml:246
5585 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
5586 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
5589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5590 #: sources.list.5.xml:249
5592 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
5596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5597 #: sources.list.5.xml:251
5599 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
5602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5603 #: sources.list.5.xml:253
5605 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5606 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
5609 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5610 #: sources.list.5.xml:255
5612 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
5615 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5616 #: sources.list.5.xml:257
5618 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5619 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
5620 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
5621 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
5624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5625 #: sources.list.5.xml:261
5627 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
5630 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5631 #: sources.list.5.xml:270
5633 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
5636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5637 #: sources.list.5.xml:263
5639 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
5640 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
5641 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
5642 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
5643 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
5644 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
5648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5649 #: sources.list.5.xml:275
5651 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
5652 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
5655 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:22 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:22 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:22
5659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5660 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:29
5662 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
5666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5667 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:35
5669 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
5670 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
5671 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
5672 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
5676 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5677 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:40
5678 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
5681 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5682 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:41
5684 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
5685 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
5686 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
5687 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXXXX</filename> and "
5688 "<filename>package.config.XXXXXX</filename>"
5691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5692 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:54
5694 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
5695 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5696 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
5699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5700 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71
5702 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
5703 "decimal 100 on error."
5706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5707 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:29
5708 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
5711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5712 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:35
5714 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (source index or "
5715 "package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
5716 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
5717 "internal sorting rules."
5720 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5721 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:41
5723 "All output is sent to standard output; the input must be a seekable file."
5726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5727 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:50
5729 "Use source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
5730 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
5733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5734 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
5736 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
5740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5741 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:29
5742 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
5745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5746 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:35
5748 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
5749 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
5750 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
5754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5755 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
5757 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
5758 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
5759 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
5760 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
5761 "generation process for a complete archive."
5764 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5765 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:45
5767 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
5768 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
5769 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
5770 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
5774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5775 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:56
5777 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
5778 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
5779 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
5780 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
5783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5784 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:61 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:85
5786 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
5789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5790 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:66
5792 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
5793 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5794 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
5795 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
5798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5799 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:71
5801 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
5802 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
5803 "change the source override file that will be used."
5806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5807 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:78
5809 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
5810 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
5811 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
5812 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
5813 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
5814 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
5817 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5818 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:90
5820 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
5821 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
5822 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
5823 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
5824 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
5825 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
5826 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
5827 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
5828 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
5829 "containing an MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 digest for each file."
5832 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5833 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:100
5835 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
5836 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
5837 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
5838 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
5839 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
5840 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
5841 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
5842 "<literal>Description</literal>."
5845 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5846 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:113
5848 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
5849 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
5850 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
5851 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
5852 "maintaining the required settings."
5855 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5856 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:122
5858 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
5859 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
5862 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5863 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:128
5864 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
5867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5868 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:130
5870 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
5871 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
5872 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
5873 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
5874 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
5875 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
5878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5879 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:138
5881 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
5884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5885 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:140
5887 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
5888 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5891 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
5893 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
5894 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
5895 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
5896 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
5899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5900 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:149
5902 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
5903 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
5907 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5908 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:156
5909 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
5912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5913 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:161
5914 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
5917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5918 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:166
5920 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
5921 "literal> setting is used below."
5924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5925 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:172
5927 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
5928 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5931 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:174
5933 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
5934 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
5935 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
5938 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5939 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:180
5941 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the package index files. It "
5942 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
5943 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
5947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5948 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:188
5950 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
5951 "defaults to '.deb'."
5954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5955 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:194
5957 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5958 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
5961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5962 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:200
5964 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
5965 "defaults to '.dsc'."
5968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5969 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:206
5971 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5972 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
5975 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5976 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:212
5978 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
5979 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
5982 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5983 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:218
5985 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
5986 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
5987 "Links</literal> setting."
5990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5991 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:225
5993 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
5994 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
5997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5998 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:232 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:378
6000 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
6001 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
6002 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
6005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6006 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:238
6008 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
6009 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6012 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:240
6014 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
6015 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
6016 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
6019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6020 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:247
6022 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
6023 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
6027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6028 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:254
6030 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
6031 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
6032 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
6033 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
6034 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
6035 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
6038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6039 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:265
6041 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
6042 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
6045 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6046 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:271
6048 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
6049 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
6052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6053 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:277
6055 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6056 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
6059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6060 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:283
6062 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6063 "source/Sources</filename>"
6066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6067 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:289
6069 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
6070 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
6071 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
6074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6075 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:296
6077 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
6078 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
6082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6083 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:303
6085 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6086 "Contents-$(ARCH)</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files "
6087 "to map onto a single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-"
6088 "ftparchive</command> will integrate those package files together "
6092 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6093 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:312
6094 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
6097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6098 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:317
6100 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
6101 "can share the same database."
6104 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6105 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:323
6107 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6108 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6109 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
6112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6113 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:330
6115 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6116 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6117 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
6118 "when processing source indexes."
6121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6122 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:338
6124 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
6125 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6127 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6128 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:340
6130 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
6131 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
6132 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
6133 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
6137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6138 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:345
6140 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
6141 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
6142 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
6143 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
6146 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6147 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:350
6149 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
6150 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
6154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
6155 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:356
6158 "for i in Sections do \n"
6159 " for j in Architectures do\n"
6160 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
6164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6165 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:353
6167 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
6168 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
6172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6173 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:364
6175 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
6176 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
6180 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6181 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:371
6183 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
6184 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
6185 "this tree has a source archive."
6188 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6189 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:384
6191 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
6192 "and maintainer address information."
6195 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6196 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:390
6198 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
6202 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6203 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:396 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:442
6204 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
6207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6208 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:401 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:447
6209 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
6212 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6213 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:406
6215 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
6216 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
6218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6219 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:408
6221 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
6222 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
6223 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
6224 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
6225 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
6228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6229 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:416
6230 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
6233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6234 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:421
6236 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
6237 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
6240 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6241 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:427
6242 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
6245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6246 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:432
6247 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
6250 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6251 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:437
6252 msgid "Sets the source override file."
6255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6256 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:452
6257 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
6260 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6261 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:457
6262 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
6265 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6266 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:462
6267 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
6270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6271 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:469
6272 msgid "The Binary Override File"
6275 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6276 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:470
6278 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
6279 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
6280 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
6281 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
6282 "permutation field."
6285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6286 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:476
6288 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
6291 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6292 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:478
6297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6298 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:475
6300 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
6301 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6302 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
6303 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
6304 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
6308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6309 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:486
6310 msgid "The Source Override File"
6313 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6314 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:488
6316 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
6317 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
6318 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
6321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6322 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:493
6323 msgid "The Extra Override File"
6326 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6327 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:495
6329 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
6330 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
6331 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
6334 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6335 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:506
6337 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
6338 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
6339 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
6340 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
6341 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
6342 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
6343 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
6344 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
6345 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
6348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6349 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:517
6351 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
6352 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
6355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6356 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:523
6358 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
6359 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
6360 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
6361 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
6364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6365 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:531
6367 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
6368 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
6369 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
6370 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
6373 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6374 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:539
6376 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
6377 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
6378 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
6379 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
6380 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
6383 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6384 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:549
6386 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
6387 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
6391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6392 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:555
6394 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6395 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
6398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6399 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:560
6401 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
6402 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
6403 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
6404 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
6407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6408 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:568
6410 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
6411 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
6412 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
6413 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
6414 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
6415 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
6416 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
6417 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
6421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6422 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:580
6424 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
6425 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
6426 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
6427 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
6428 "in the generate command."
6431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
6432 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
6434 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
6437 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6438 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:594
6440 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
6441 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
6444 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6445 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
6447 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6451 #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
6452 #: guide.dbk:9 offline.dbk:9
6456 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
6458 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6461 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><personname>
6462 #: guide.dbk:17 offline.dbk:17
6463 msgid "Jason Gunthorpe"
6466 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><email>
6467 #: guide.dbk:17 offline.dbk:17
6468 msgid "jgg@debian.org"
6471 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
6472 #: guide.dbk:21 offline.dbk:21
6473 msgid "Version &apt-product-version;"
6476 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
6479 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6482 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
6485 "<copyright><year>1998</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
6488 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><title>
6489 #: guide.dbk:32 offline.dbk:33
6490 msgid "License Notice"
6493 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
6494 #: guide.dbk:34 offline.dbk:35
6496 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6497 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6498 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6499 "or (at your option) any later version."
6502 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
6503 #: guide.dbk:43 offline.dbk:41
6505 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6506 "GPL for the full license."
6509 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
6514 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6517 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <command>dselect</"
6518 "command> method and the <command>apt-get</command> command line user "
6519 "interface. Both provide a way to install and remove packages as well as "
6520 "download new packages from the Internet."
6523 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
6525 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6528 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6531 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6532 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6533 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6536 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6539 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6540 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6541 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6542 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6543 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6546 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6549 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6550 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6551 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6555 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6558 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6559 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6560 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6561 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6564 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6567 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6568 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6569 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6570 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6571 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6572 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6573 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6574 "other mail transport agents."
6577 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6580 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6581 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6582 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6583 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6584 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6585 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6586 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6587 "trying to manually fix packages."
6590 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6593 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6594 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6595 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6596 "packages for installation."
6599 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
6604 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6607 "<command>apt-get</command> provides a simple way to install packages from "
6608 "the command line. Unlike <command>dpkg</command>, <command>apt-get</command> "
6609 "does not understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and "
6610 "can only install .deb archives from a <emphasis>Source</emphasis>."
6613 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
6616 "If you are using an http proxy server you must set the http_proxy "
6617 "environment variable first, see sources.list(5)"
6620 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6623 "The first <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> thing that should be "
6624 "done before using <command>apt-get</command> is to fetch the package lists "
6625 "from the <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> so that it knows what packages are "
6626 "available. This is done with <literal>apt-get update</literal>. For instance,"
6629 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
6633 "# apt-get update\n"
6634 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6635 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6636 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6637 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6640 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6642 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6645 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6650 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6653 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6654 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6655 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6656 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6657 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6658 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <command>dselect</"
6659 "command> or <literal>apt-get install</literal> can be used to force these "
6660 "packages to install."
6663 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6668 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6671 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6672 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6673 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6674 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6675 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6676 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6677 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6680 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6682 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6685 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6688 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6689 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6690 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6691 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6692 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6693 "<command>dselect</command>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then "
6694 "<command>dselect</command> can be used to install any packages that may have "
6698 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6701 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6702 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6705 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6708 "<command>apt-get</command> has several command line options that are "
6709 "detailed in its man page, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
6710 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The most useful "
6711 "option is <literal>-d</literal> which does not install the fetched files. If "
6712 "the system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired "
6713 "to start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <literal>-d</"
6714 "literal> is used the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running "
6715 "the command that caused them to be downloaded again without <literal>-d</"
6719 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
6724 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6727 "The APT <command>dselect</command> method provides the complete APT system "
6728 "with the <command>dselect</command> package selection GUI. <command>dselect</"
6729 "command> is used to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT "
6730 "actually installs them."
6733 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6736 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <command>dselect</"
6737 "command> and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6738 "<emphasis>Sources</emphasis> which are places to fetch archives from. These "
6739 "can be remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source "
6740 "can provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6741 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
6742 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6743 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6744 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
6747 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
6751 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6753 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6754 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6757 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6758 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6759 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6762 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:\n"
6765 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6768 "The <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> setup starts by asking for the base of the "
6769 "Debian archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the "
6770 "distribution to get."
6773 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
6777 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6778 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6779 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6781 " Distribution [stable]:\n"
6784 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6787 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, "
6788 "<emphasis>stable</emphasis> refers to the latest released version and "
6789 "<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> refers to the developmental version. "
6790 "<emphasis>non-US</emphasis> is only available on some mirrors and refers to "
6791 "packages that contain encryption technology or other things that cannot be "
6792 "exported from the United States. Importing these packages into the US is "
6796 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
6800 " Please give the components to get\n"
6801 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6803 " Components [main contrib non-free]:\n"
6806 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6809 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6810 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6811 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6812 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6815 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6818 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6819 "until you have specified all that you want."
6822 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6825 "Before starting to use <command>dselect</command> it is necessary to update "
6826 "the available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset "
6827 "of <literal>apt-get update</literal> that makes the fetched information "
6828 "available to <command>dselect</command>. [U]pdate must be performed even if "
6829 "<literal>apt-get update</literal> has been run before."
6832 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6835 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6836 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6837 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6841 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6844 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6845 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place "
6846 "<literal>Dselect::clean \"prompt\";</literal> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6849 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
6851 msgid "The Interface"
6854 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
6857 "The <command>dselect</command> method actually is a set of wrapper scripts "
6858 "to <command>apt-get</command>. The method actually provides more "
6859 "functionality than is present in <command>apt-get</command> alone."
6862 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6865 "Both that APT <command>dselect</command> method and <command>apt-get</"
6866 "command> share the same interface. It is a simple system that generally "
6867 "tells you what it will do and then goes and does it. <placeholder type="
6868 "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6869 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6870 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6873 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
6878 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6881 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6882 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6883 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <literal>apt-get "
6887 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
6892 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6893 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6896 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6899 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6900 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6901 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6902 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6905 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6908 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6909 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6910 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6911 "will be printed out and <command>apt-get</command> will refuse to run."
6914 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
6919 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6920 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6921 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6922 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6923 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6924 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6925 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6926 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6927 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6928 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6929 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6930 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6931 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6932 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)\n"
6935 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6938 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6939 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6940 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6941 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6942 "problem is also included."
6945 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
6948 "APT however considers all known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken "
6952 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6955 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6956 "is caused by <command>dpkg</command> missing some subtle relationships "
6957 "between packages when performing upgrades. <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
6958 "\"0\"/>. The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. "
6959 "In this situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents "
6963 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6966 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6967 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6968 "supplying the <literal>-f</literal> option to <command>apt-get</command> "
6969 "will cause APT to deduce a possible solution to the problem and then "
6970 "continue on. The APT <command>dselect</command> method always supplies the "
6971 "<literal>-f</literal> option to allow for easy continuation of failed "
6972 "maintainer scripts."
6975 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6978 "However, if the <literal>-f</literal> option is used to correct a seriously "
6979 "broken system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will "
6980 "either fail immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either "
6981 "case it is necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to "
6982 "correct the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6985 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
6987 msgid "The Status Report"
6990 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6993 "Before proceeding <command>apt-get</command> will present a report on what "
6994 "will happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being "
6995 "performed but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists "
6996 "reflect the final state of things, taking into account the <literal>-f</"
6997 "literal> option and any other relevant activities to the command being "
7001 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7003 msgid "The Extra Package list"
7006 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7010 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
7011 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
7012 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
7013 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
7014 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
7018 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7021 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
7022 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
7023 "generated for an <literal>install</literal> command. The listed packages are "
7024 "often the result of an Auto Install."
7027 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7029 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
7032 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7036 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
7037 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
7038 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
7039 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
7040 " nas xpilot xfig\n"
7043 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7046 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
7047 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
7048 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
7049 "The <literal>-f</literal> option is especially good at generating packages "
7050 "to remove so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain "
7051 "packages that are going to be removed because they are only partially "
7052 "installed, possibly due to an aborted installation."
7055 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7057 msgid "The New Packages list"
7060 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7064 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
7065 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base\n"
7068 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7071 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
7072 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
7076 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7078 msgid "The Kept Back list"
7081 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7085 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
7086 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
7087 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver\n"
7090 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7093 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
7094 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
7095 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
7096 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
7097 "to install is with <literal>apt-get install</literal> or by using "
7098 "<command>dselect</command> to resolve their problems."
7101 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7103 msgid "Held Packages warning"
7106 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7110 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
7114 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7117 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
7118 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
7119 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
7122 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7124 msgid "Final summary"
7127 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7130 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
7133 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7137 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
7138 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
7139 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used.\n"
7142 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7145 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
7146 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
7147 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
7148 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
7149 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
7150 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
7151 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
7152 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
7153 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
7154 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
7155 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
7156 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
7157 "the amount of space that will be freed."
7160 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7163 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
7164 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
7167 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7169 msgid "The Status Display"
7172 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7175 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
7179 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7183 "# apt-get update\n"
7184 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7185 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7186 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7187 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7188 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7189 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s\n"
7192 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7195 "The lines starting with <emphasis>Get</emphasis> are printed out when APT "
7196 "begins to fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the "
7197 "download. The first percent value on the progress line indicates the total "
7198 "percent done of all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files "
7199 "is unknown <literal>apt-get update</literal> estimates the percent done "
7200 "which causes some inaccuracies."
7203 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7206 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
7207 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
7208 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
7209 "<emphasis>Forking</emphasis> which means the OS is loading the download "
7210 "module. The first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the "
7211 "history lines. The next word is the short form name of the object being "
7212 "downloaded. For archives it will contain the name of the package that is "
7216 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7219 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
7220 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
7221 "<emphasis>Connecting</emphasis> to <emphasis>Waiting for file</emphasis> to "
7222 "<emphasis>Downloading</emphasis> or <emphasis>Resuming</emphasis>. The final "
7223 "value is the number of bytes downloaded from the remote site. Once the "
7224 "download begins this is represented as <literal>102/10.2k</literal> "
7225 "indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 kilobytes is expected. "
7226 "The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation to preserve space. After "
7227 "the size display is a percent meter for the file itself. The second last "
7228 "element is the instantaneous average speed. This values is updated every 5 "
7229 "seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for that period. Finally is "
7230 "shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated regularly and reflects "
7231 "the time to complete everything at the shown transfer rate."
7234 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7237 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7238 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7239 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7240 "for logging to a file, use the <literal>-q</literal> option to remove the "
7244 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7249 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7252 "APT uses <command>dpkg</command> for installing the archives and will switch "
7253 "over to the <command>dpkg</command> interface once downloading is completed. "
7254 "<command>dpkg</command> will also ask a number of questions as it processes "
7255 "the packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. "
7256 "Before each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and "
7257 "the questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7260 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
7262 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7265 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
7268 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7269 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7272 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
7275 "<copyright><year>1999</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
7278 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7280 msgid "Introduction"
7283 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7284 #: offline.dbk:50 offline.dbk:80 offline.dbk:192
7288 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7291 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7292 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7293 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7294 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7297 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7300 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7301 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7302 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7303 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7304 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7305 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7306 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <emphasis>remote host</"
7307 "emphasis> mean the machine downloading the packages, and <emphasis>target "
7308 "host</emphasis> the one with bad or no connection."
7311 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7314 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7315 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7316 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7317 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7320 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7322 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7325 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7328 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7329 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7330 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7331 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7334 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7348 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7350 msgid "The configuration file"
7353 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7356 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7357 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7358 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7359 "the status file should be a copy of <emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
7360 "emphasis> from the <emphasis>target host</emphasis>. Please note, if you are "
7361 "using a local archive you must use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to "
7365 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7368 "<emphasis>apt.conf</emphasis> must contain the necessary information to make "
7372 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7378 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7379 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7380 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7382 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7387 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7388 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7389 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7390 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7392 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7393 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7394 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7396 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7397 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7401 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7404 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7405 "configuration file in <emphasis>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</"
7409 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7412 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy "
7413 "<emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</emphasis> to it. You will also need to "
7414 "create the directories outlined in the Overview, <emphasis>archives/partial/"
7415 "</emphasis> and <emphasis>lists/partial/</emphasis>. Then take the disc to "
7416 "the remote machine and configure the sources.list. On the remote machine "
7417 "execute the following:"
7420 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7424 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7425 " # apt-get update\n"
7426 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7427 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7428 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]\n"
7431 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7434 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7435 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7436 "such as <emphasis>dselect</emphasis>. However this presents a problem in "
7437 "communicating your selections back to the local computer."
7440 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7443 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7444 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7447 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7451 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7452 " # apt-get check\n"
7453 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7454 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7455 " [ Or any other APT command ]\n"
7458 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7461 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7462 "local one. This is very important!"
7465 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7468 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7469 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7470 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7471 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7472 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7475 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7477 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7480 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7483 "<emphasis>wget</emphasis> is a popular and portable download tool that can "
7484 "run on nearly any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the "
7485 "Debian machine already has a list of available packages."
7488 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7491 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7492 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7493 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7497 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7503 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7506 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7507 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7510 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7514 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7515 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7516 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7517 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script\n"
7520 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7523 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7527 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7530 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7531 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7532 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7533 "output on the disc."
7536 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7538 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7541 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7546 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7550 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7553 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7554 "installation can proceed using,"
7557 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7560 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade\n"
7563 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7565 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7570 #~ "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
7571 #~ "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
7572 #~ "B<reportbug>(1) command."
7575 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
7577 #~ " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do "
7579 #~ " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
7580 #~ " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
7585 #~ msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
7588 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
7590 #~ " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
7596 #~ "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
7597 #~ "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
7599 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7601 #~ "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
7602 #~ "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
7605 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7606 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7609 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7611 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7612 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7615 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7616 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7619 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7620 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7623 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7624 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7628 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7629 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7630 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7631 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7633 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7634 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7636 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7638 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7639 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7640 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7645 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7646 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7647 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7648 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7652 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7653 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7657 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7658 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7659 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7660 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7662 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7663 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7664 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7665 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7670 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7671 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7672 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7673 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7675 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7676 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7677 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7678 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7680 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7681 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7682 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7683 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7684 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7685 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7687 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7688 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7689 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7690 #~ "configuration \n"
7691 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7692 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7695 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7696 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7697 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7698 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7700 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7701 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7702 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7703 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7705 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7706 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7707 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7708 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7709 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7710 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7711 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7713 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7714 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7715 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7716 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7717 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7720 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7721 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"