doc/apt-get.8.xml

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   5 <!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent">
   6 %aptent;
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   9
  10 <refentry>
  11
  12  <refentryinfo>
  13    &apt-author.jgunthorpe;
  14    &apt-author.team;
  15    &apt-email;
  16    &apt-product;
  17    <!-- The last update date -->
  18    <date>08 November 2008</date>
  19  </refentryinfo>
  20
  21  <refmeta>
  22    <refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle>
  23    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
  24  </refmeta>
  25
  26  <!-- Man page title -->
  27  <refnamediv>
  28     <refname>apt-get</refname>
  29     <refpurpose>APT package handling utility -- command-line interface</refpurpose>
  30  </refnamediv>
  31
  32  <!-- Arguments -->
  33  <refsynopsisdiv>
  34    <cmdsynopsis>
  35       <command>apt-get</command>
  36       <arg><option>-sqdyfmubV</option></arg>
  37       <arg>
  38               <option>-o=
  39                           <replaceable>config_string</replaceable>
  40               </option>
  41       </arg>
  42       <arg>
  43               <option>-c=
  44                       <replaceable>config_file</replaceable>
  45               </option>
  46       </arg>
  47       <arg>
  48                   <option>-t=</option>
  49                   <group choice='req'>
  50                           <arg choice='plain'>
  51                                   <replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
  52                           </arg>
  53                           <arg choice='plain'>
  54                                   <replaceable>target_release_number_expression</replaceable>
  55                           </arg>
  56                   </group>
  57       </arg>
  58
  59       <group choice="req">
  60          <arg choice='plain'>update</arg>
  61          <arg choice='plain'>upgrade</arg>
  62          <arg choice='plain'>dselect-upgrade</arg>
  63          <arg choice='plain'>dist-upgrade</arg>
  64          <arg choice='plain'>install
  65                          <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
  66                                 <arg>
  67                                         <group choice='req'>
  68                                                 <arg choice='plain'>
  69                                                         =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
  70                                                 </arg>
  71                                                 <arg choice='plain'>
  72                                                         /<replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
  73                                                 </arg>
  74                                         </group>
  75                                 </arg>
  76                          </arg>
  77              </arg>
  78          <arg choice='plain'>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
  79          <arg choice='plain'>purge <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
  80          <arg choice='plain'>source
  81                          <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
  82                                  <arg>
  83                                          =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
  84                                  </arg>
  85                          </arg>
  86              </arg>
  87          <arg choice='plain'>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
  88          <arg choice='plain'>check</arg>
  89          <arg choice='plain'>clean</arg>
  90          <arg choice='plain'>autoclean</arg>
  91          <arg choice='plain'>autoremove</arg>
  92                  <arg choice='plain'>
  93                          <group choice='req'>
  94                                 <arg choice='plain'>-v</arg>
  95                                 <arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
  96                          </group>
  97                  </arg>
  98                  <arg choice='plain'>
  99                          <group choice='req'>
 100                                 <arg choice='plain'>-h</arg>
 101                                 <arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
 102                          </group>
 103                  </arg>
 104       </group>
 105    </cmdsynopsis>
 106  </refsynopsisdiv>
 107
 108  <refsect1><title>Description</title>
 109    <para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be
 110    considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT
 111    library.  Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;,
 112    &aptitude;, &synaptic;, &gnome-apt; and &wajig;.</para>
 113
 114    <para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the
 115    commands below must be present.</para>
 116
 117    <variablelist>
 118      <varlistentry><term>update</term>
 119      <listitem><para><literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files from
 120      their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the
 121      location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>.
 122      For example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and
 123      scans the <filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new
 124      and updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be
 125      performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</literal>. Please
 126      be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect as the size
 127      of the package files cannot be known in advance.</para></listitem>
 128      </varlistentry>
 129
 130      <varlistentry><term>upgrade</term>
 131      <listitem><para><literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all packages
 132      currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
 133      <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed with
 134      new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no circumstances
 135      are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already installed
 136      retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages that
 137      cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package
 138      will be left at their current version. An <literal>update</literal> must be
 139      performed first so that <command>apt-get</command> knows that new versions of packages are
 140      available.</para></listitem>
 141      </varlistentry>
 142
 143      <varlistentry><term>dselect-upgrade</term>
 144      <listitem><para><literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
 145      is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging
 146      front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
 147      follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</literal>
 148      field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to realize
 149      that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of new
 150      packages).</para></listitem>
 151      </varlistentry>
 152
 153      <varlistentry><term>dist-upgrade</term>
 154      <listitem><para><literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of
 155      <literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies
 156      with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict
 157      resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important
 158      packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary.
 159          So, <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages.
 160      The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations
 161      from which to retrieve desired package files.
 162      See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for
 163      overriding the general settings for individual packages.</para></listitem>
 164      </varlistentry>
 165
 166      <varlistentry><term>install</term>
 167      <listitem>
 168          <para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more
 169          packages desired for installation or upgrading.
 170          Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified
 171          filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system,
 172          libc6 would be the argument provided, not
 173          <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages required
 174          by the package(s) specified for installation will also
 175          be retrieved and installed.
 176          The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is
 177          used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is
 178          appended to the package name (with no intervening space),
 179          the identified package will be removed if it is installed.
 180          Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a
 181          package to install. These latter features may be used
 182          to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict
 183          resolution system.
 184          </para>
 185
 186      <para>A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by
 187      following the package name with an equals and the version of the package
 188      to select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for
 189      install. Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by
 190      following the package name with a slash and the version of the
 191      distribution or the Archive name (stable, testing, unstable).</para>
 192
 193      <para>Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must
 194      be used with care.</para>
 195
 196         <para>This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or
 197                 more already-installed packages without upgrading every package
 198                 you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which
 199                 installs the newest version of all currently installed packages,
 200                 "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s)
 201                 specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish
 202                 to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its
 203                 dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and
 204                 installed.
 205         </para>
 206
 207      <para>Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to
 208      create an alternative installation policy for
 209      individual packages.</para>
 210
 211      <para>If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one
 212      of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression,
 213      and it is applied
 214      to all package names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or
 215      removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' matches 'how-lo'
 216      and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular expression
 217      with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular expression.</para></listitem>
 218      </varlistentry>
 219
 220      <varlistentry><term>remove</term>
 221      <listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are
 222          removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its
 223          configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package
 224      name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be
 225      installed instead of removed.</para></listitem>
 226      </varlistentry>
 227
 228      <varlistentry><term>purge</term>
 229      <listitem><para><literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except that packages are
 230      removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).</para></listitem>
 231      </varlistentry>
 232
 233      <varlistentry><term>source</term>
 234      <listitem><para><literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source packages. APT
 235      will examine the available packages to decide which source package to
 236      fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the
 237      newest available version of that source package. Source packages are
 238      tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines
 239      in the &sources-list; file. This probably will mean that you will not
 240      get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could
 241      install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be
 242      compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is
 243      specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para>
 244
 245      <para>A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name
 246      with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism
 247      used for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source
 248      package name and version, implicitly enabling the
 249      <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal> option.</para>
 250
 251      <para>Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they
 252      exist only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source
 253      tar balls.</para></listitem>
 254      </varlistentry>
 255
 256      <varlistentry><term>build-dep</term>
 257      <listitem><para><literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an
 258      attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package.</para></listitem>
 259      </varlistentry>
 260
 261      <varlistentry><term>check</term>
 262      <listitem><para><literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and checks
 263      for broken dependencies.</para></listitem>
 264      </varlistentry>
 265
 266      <varlistentry><term>clean</term>
 267      <listitem><para><literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved package
 268      files. It removes everything but the lock file from
 269      <filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and
 270      <filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a
 271      &dselect; method, <literal>clean</literal> is run automatically.
 272      Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal>
 273      from time to time to free up disk space.</para></listitem>
 274      </varlistentry>
 275
 276      <varlistentry><term>autoclean</term>
 277      <listitem><para>Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the local
 278      repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only
 279      removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely
 280      useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without
 281      it growing out of control. The configuration option
 282      <literal>APT::Clean-Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being
 283      erased if it is set to off.</para></listitem>
 284      </varlistentry>
 285
 286      <varlistentry><term>autoremove</term>
 287      <listitem><para><literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were automatically
 288      installed to satisfy dependencies for some package and that are no more needed.</para></listitem>
 289      </varlistentry>
 290    </variablelist>
 291  </refsect1>
 292
 293  <refsect1><title>options</title>
 294    &apt-cmdblurb;
 295
 296    <variablelist>
 297      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term>
 298      <listitem><para>Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing.
 299      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>.</para></listitem>
 300      </varlistentry>
 301
 302      <varlistentry><term><option>-d</option></term><term><option>--download-only</option></term>
 303      <listitem><para>Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
 304      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 305      </varlistentry>
 306
 307      <varlistentry><term><option>-f</option></term><term><option>--fix-broken</option></term>
 308      <listitem><para>Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in
 309      place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages
 310      to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. Any Package that are specified
 311      must completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when
 312      running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package
 313      dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's
 314      dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention
 315      (which usually means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of
 316      the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> may produce an
 317      error in some situations.
 318      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>.</para></listitem>
 319      </varlistentry>
 320
 321      <varlistentry><term><option>-m</option></term><term><option>--ignore-missing</option></term>
 322      <term><option>--fix-missing</option></term>
 323      <listitem><para>Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the
 324      integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back
 325      those packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with
 326      <option>-f</option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is
 327      selected for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the
 328      command line) and it could not be downloaded then it will be silently
 329      held back.
 330      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>.</para></listitem>
 331      </varlistentry>
 332
 333      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-download</option></term>
 334      <listitem><para>Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with
 335      <option>--ignore-missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has
 336      already downloaded.
 337      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>.</para></listitem>
 338      </varlistentry>
 339
 340      <varlistentry><term><option>-q</option></term><term><option>--quiet</option></term>
 341      <listitem><para>Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators.
 342      More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use
 343      <option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration file.
 344      Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never use -qq
 345      without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may
 346      decided to do something you did not expect.
 347      Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>.</para></listitem>
 348      </varlistentry>
 349
 350      <varlistentry><term><option>-s</option></term>
 351                    <term><option>--simulate</option></term>
 352                    <term><option>--just-print</option></term>
 353                    <term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
 354                    <term><option>--recon</option></term>
 355                    <term><option>--no-act</option></term>
 356      <listitem><para>No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not
 357      actually change the system.
 358      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
 359
 360      <para>Simulate prints out
 361      a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),
 362      Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with
 363      and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
 364      (rare).</para></listitem>
 365      </varlistentry>
 366
 367      <varlistentry><term><option>-y</option></term><term><option>--yes</option></term>
 368                    <term><option>--assume-yes</option></term>
 369      <listitem><para>Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run
 370      non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held
 371      package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an essential package
 372      occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort.
 373      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>.</para></listitem>
 374      </varlistentry>
 375
 376      <varlistentry><term><option>-u</option></term><term><option>--show-upgraded</option></term>
 377      <listitem><para>Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be
 378      upgraded.
 379      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>.</para></listitem>
 380      </varlistentry>
 381
 382      <varlistentry><term><option>-V</option></term><term><option>--verbose-versions</option></term>
 383      <listitem><para>Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages.
 384      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>.</para></listitem>
 385      </varlistentry>
 386
 387      <varlistentry><term><option>-b</option></term><term><option>--compile</option></term>
 388                    <term><option>--build</option></term>
 389      <listitem><para>Compile source packages after downloading them.
 390      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>.</para></listitem>
 391      </varlistentry>
 392
 393      <varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term>
 394      <listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold
 395      placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with
 396      <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired holds.
 397      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>.</para></listitem>
 398      </varlistentry>
 399
 400      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-upgrade</option></term>
 401      <listitem><para>Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</literal>,
 402      <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command line
 403      from being upgraded if they are already installed.
 404      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>.</para></listitem>
 405      </varlistentry>
 406
 407      <varlistentry><term><option>--force-yes</option></term>
 408      <listitem><para>Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
 409      without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It
 410      should not be used except in very special situations. Using
 411      <literal>force-yes</literal> can potentially destroy your system!
 412      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>.</para></listitem>
 413      </varlistentry>
 414
 415      <varlistentry><term><option>--print-uris</option></term>
 416      <listitem><para>Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each
 417      URI will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected
 418      md5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match
 419      the file name on the remote site! This also works with the
 420      <literal>source</literal> and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the
 421      <literal>update</literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is
 422      up to the user to decompress any compressed files.
 423      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Print-URIs</literal>.</para></listitem>
 424      </varlistentry>
 425
 426      <varlistentry><term><option>--purge</option></term>
 427      <listitem><para>Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed.
 428      An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are
 429          scheduled to be purged. <option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent for
 430          <option>purge</option> command.
 431      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>.</para></listitem>
 432      </varlistentry>
 433
 434      <varlistentry><term><option>--reinstall</option></term>
 435      <listitem><para>Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.
 436      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>.</para></listitem>
 437      </varlistentry>
 438
 439      <varlistentry><term><option>--list-cleanup</option></term>
 440      <listitem><para>This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn it
 441      off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the contents of
 442      <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete files are erased.
 443      The only  reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your source
 444      list.
 445      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-Cleanup</literal>.</para></listitem>
 446      </varlistentry>
 447
 448      <varlistentry><term><option>-t</option></term>
 449                    <term><option>--target-release</option></term>
 450                    <term><option>--default-release</option></term>
 451      <listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates
 452      a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string.
 453      This overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>.
 454      Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value
 455      of this option. In short, this option
 456      lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be
 457      retrieved from. Some common examples might be
 458      <option>-t '2.1*'</option> or <option>-t unstable</option>.
 459      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>;
 460      see also the &apt-preferences; manual page.</para></listitem>
 461      </varlistentry>
 462
 463      <varlistentry><term><option>--trivial-only</option></term>
 464      <listitem><para>
 465      Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered
 466      related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</option> will answer
 467      yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will answer no.
 468      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 469      </varlistentry>
 470
 471      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-remove</option></term>
 472      <listitem><para>If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without
 473      prompting.
 474      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>.</para></listitem>
 475      </varlistentry>
 476
 477      <varlistentry><term><option>--auto-remove</option></term>
 478      <listitem><para>If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</literal>,
 479      then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> command, removing the unused
 480      dependency packages. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>.
 481      </para></listitem>
 482      </varlistentry>
 483
 484      <varlistentry><term><option>--only-source</option></term>
 485      <listitem><para>Only has meaning for the
 486      <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</literal>
 487      commands.  Indicates that the given source names are not to be
 488      mapped through the binary table.  This means that if this option
 489      is specified, these commands will only accept source package
 490      names as arguments, rather than accepting binary package names
 491      and looking up the corresponding source package.  Configuration
 492      Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal>.</para></listitem>
 493      </varlistentry>
 494
 495      <varlistentry><term><option>--diff-only</option></term><term><option>--dsc-only</option></term><term><option>--tar-only</option></term>
 496      <listitem><para>Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive.
 497      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</literal>, and
 498      <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 499      </varlistentry>
 500
 501      <varlistentry><term><option>--arch-only</option></term>
 502      <listitem><para>Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies.
 503      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 504      </varlistentry>
 505
 506      <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-unauthenticated</option></term>
 507      <listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it.
 508      This is useful for tools like pbuilder.
 509      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
 510      </varlistentry>
 511
 512
 513      &apt-commonoptions;
 514
 515    </variablelist>
 516  </refsect1>
 517
 518  <refsect1><title>Files</title>
 519    <variablelist>
 520      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>
 521      <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.
 522      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>
 523      </varlistentry>
 524
 525      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>
 526      <listitem><para>APT configuration file.
 527      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>
 528      </varlistentry>
 529
 530      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>
 531      <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.
 532      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>
 533      </varlistentry>
 534
 535      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>
 536      <listitem><para>Version preferences file.
 537      This is where you would specify "pinning",
 538      i.e. a preference to get certain packages
 539      from a separate source
 540      or from a different version of a distribution.
 541      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>
 542      </varlistentry>
 543
 544      <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>
 545      <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.
 546      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>
 547      </varlistentry>
 548
 549      <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>
 550      <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.
 551      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (implicit partial). </para></listitem>
 552      </varlistentry>
 553
 554      <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>
 555      <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
 556      &sources-list;
 557      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>
 558      </varlistentry>
 559
 560      <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>
 561      <listitem><para> Storage area for state information in transit.
 562      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (implicit partial).</para></listitem>
 563      </varlistentry>
 564    </variablelist>
 565  </refsect1>
 566
 567  <refsect1><title>See Also</title>
 568    <para>&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;,
 569    &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, &apt-secure;,
 570    The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto.</para>
 571  </refsect1>
 572
 573  <refsect1><title>Diagnostics</title>
 574    <para><command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.</para>
 575  </refsect1>
 576  <refsect1>
 577          <title>ORIGINAL AUTHORS</title>
 578          <para>&apt-author.jgunthorpe;</para>
 579  </refsect1>
 580  <refsect1>
 581          <title>CURRENT AUTHORS</title>
 582          <para>
 583                  &apt-author.team;
 584                  &apt-qapage;
 585          </para>
 586  </refsect1>
 587  &manbugs;
 588 </refentry>