1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
10 "Project-Id-Version: apt-doc 1.0.5\n"
11 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
12 "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-10-05 18:29+0200\n"
13 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
14 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
15 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
18 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
19 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
25 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
27 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
28 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
37 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
39 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
48 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
49 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
50 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
51 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
52 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
53 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
54 " &reportbug; command.\n"
60 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
62 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
63 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
64 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
71 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
72 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
73 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
74 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
80 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
82 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
89 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
90 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
91 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
92 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
93 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
94 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
105 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
106 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
107 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
118 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
119 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
120 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
121 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
122 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
123 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
124 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
135 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
136 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
137 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
138 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
139 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
140 " times to set different options.\n"
151 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
152 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
153 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
154 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
155 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
156 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
157 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
158 " or several other variations.\n"
164 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
165 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
166 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
167 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
168 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
175 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
176 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
177 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
178 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
186 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
187 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
188 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
197 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
198 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
199 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
200 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
208 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
209 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
210 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
219 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
220 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
221 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
222 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
223 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
224 " from a separate source\n"
225 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
226 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
234 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
235 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
236 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
245 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
246 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
247 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
248 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
256 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
257 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
258 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
267 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
268 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
269 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
271 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
279 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
280 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
281 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
290 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
291 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
292 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
293 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
301 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
302 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
303 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
304 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
313 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
314 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
315 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
316 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
317 " </para></listitem>\n"
326 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
327 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
328 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
329 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
335 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
336 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
337 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
338 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
339 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
340 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
341 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
344 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
345 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
346 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
353 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
354 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
355 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
356 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
357 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
358 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
359 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
360 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
361 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
368 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
369 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
375 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
376 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
382 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
383 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
384 "\"target_release\">"
390 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
391 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
397 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
398 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
404 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
405 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
411 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
412 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
418 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
419 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
425 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
426 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
432 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
433 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
434 "\"temporary_directory\">"
440 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
441 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
447 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
448 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
454 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
455 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
462 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
463 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
470 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
471 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
477 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
478 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
482 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
483 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml
487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
488 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
489 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
490 #: apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
491 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
497 msgid "command-line interface"
500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
501 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
502 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
503 #: apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
504 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
509 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
512 "<command>apt</command> (Advanced Package Tool) is the command-line tool for "
513 "handling packages. It provides a commandline interface for the package "
514 "management of the system. See also &apt-get; and &apt-cache; for more low-"
515 "level command options."
518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
521 "<literal>list</literal> is used to display a list of packages. It supports "
522 "shell pattern for matching package names and the following options: "
523 "<option>--installed</option>, <option>--upgradable</option>, <option>--"
524 "upgradeable</option>, <option>--all-versions</option> are supported."
527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
530 "<literal>search</literal> searches for the given term(s) and display "
534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
537 "<literal>show</literal> shows the package information for the given "
541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
544 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more package names desired "
545 "for installation or upgrading."
548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
549 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml
551 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
552 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
553 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
554 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
555 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
556 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
559 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
560 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml
562 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
563 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package "
564 "leaves its configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to "
565 "the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
566 "installed instead of removed."
569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
570 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml
574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
575 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml
576 msgid "alias since 1.1)"
579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
580 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml
582 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
583 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
584 "now no longer needed."
587 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
590 "<literal>edit-sources</literal> lets you edit your sources.list file and "
591 "provides basic sanity checks."
594 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
597 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
598 "from their sources."
601 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
604 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
605 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
606 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. New packages will be installed, "
607 "but existing packages will never be removed."
610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
613 "<literal>full-upgrade</literal> performs the function of upgrade but may "
614 "also remove installed packages if that is required in order to resolve a "
618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
619 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml apt-config.8.xml
620 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
632 "The &apt; commandline is designed as a end-user tool and it may change the "
633 "output between versions. While it tries to not break backward compatibility "
634 "there is no guarantee for it either. All features of &apt; are available in "
635 "&apt-cache; and &apt-get; via APT options. Please prefer using these "
636 "commands in your scripts."
639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
641 msgid "Differences to &apt-get;"
644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
647 "The <command>apt</command> command is meant to be pleasant for end users and "
648 "does not need to be backward compatible like &apt-get;. Therefore some "
649 "options are different:"
652 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
655 msgid "The option <literal>DPkg::Progress-Fancy</literal> is enabled."
656 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
658 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
661 msgid "The option <literal>APT::Color</literal> is enabled."
662 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
667 "A new <literal>list</literal> command is available similar to <literal>dpkg "
671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
675 "The option <literal>upgrade</literal> has <literal>--with-new-pkgs</literal> "
676 "enabled by default."
677 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
680 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml
681 #: apt-secure.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
682 #: apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
683 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
686 msgstr "Consulte também"
688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
691 "&apt-get;, &apt-cache;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, The APT "
692 "User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto."
695 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
696 #: apt.8.xml apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml
697 #: apt-config.8.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
698 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
702 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
705 "<command>apt</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
711 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
714 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
717 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
718 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
719 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &aptitude;, "
720 "&synaptic; and &wajig;."
723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
724 #: apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml apt-config.8.xml
725 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
727 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
728 "one of the commands below must be present."
731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
734 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
735 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
736 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
737 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
738 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
739 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
740 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
741 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
742 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
748 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
749 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
750 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
751 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
752 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
753 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
754 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
755 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
756 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
757 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
763 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
764 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
765 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
766 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
767 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The "
768 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages. "
769 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of "
770 "locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-"
771 "preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for "
772 "individual packages."
775 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
778 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
779 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
780 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
781 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
782 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
789 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
790 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
791 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, <package>apt-utils</"
792 "package> would be the argument provided, not <filename>apt-utils_&apt-"
793 "product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required by the "
794 "package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. "
795 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate the "
796 "desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no "
797 "intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is "
798 "installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to "
799 "install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by apt-"
800 "get's conflict resolution system."
803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
806 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
810 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
813 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
814 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
815 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
816 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
817 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
818 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
819 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
822 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
825 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
826 "installation policy for individual packages."
829 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
832 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
833 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
834 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
835 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
836 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
837 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
844 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
845 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
852 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
853 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
854 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
855 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
856 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
857 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
858 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
861 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
864 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
865 "src</literal> lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will "
866 "need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; "
867 "otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source "
868 "versions or none at all."
871 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
874 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
875 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
876 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
877 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
878 "package will not be unpacked."
881 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
884 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
885 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
886 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
887 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
894 "Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the "
895 "<command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply "
896 "downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs."
899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
902 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
903 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
904 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
905 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
906 "option> option instead."
909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
912 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
913 "and checks for broken dependencies."
916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
919 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
926 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
927 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
928 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
929 "partial/</filename>."
932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
935 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
936 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
937 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
938 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
939 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
940 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
944 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
947 "<literal>changelog</literal> tries to download the changelog of a package "
948 "and displays it through <command>sensible-pager</command>. By default it "
949 "displays the changelog for the version that is installed. However, you can "
950 "specify the same options as for the <option>install</option> command."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
956 "Displays by default a deb822 formatted listing of information about all data "
957 "files (aka index targets) <command>apt-get update</command> would download. "
958 "Supports a <option>--format</option> option to modify the output format as "
959 "well as accepts lines of the default output to filter the records by. The "
960 "command is mainly used as an interface for external tools working with APT "
961 "to get information as well as filenames for downloaded files so they can use "
962 "them as well instead of downloading them again on their own. Detailed "
963 "documentation is omitted here and can instead be found in the source tree in "
964 "<literal><filename>doc/acquire-additional-files.txt</filename></literal>."
967 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
970 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
971 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
977 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
978 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
981 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
984 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
985 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
991 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
992 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
993 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
994 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
995 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
996 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
997 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
998 "means using <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of the "
999 "offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> "
1000 "may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
1001 "Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
1004 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1007 "Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
1008 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
1009 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
1010 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
1011 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
1012 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
1013 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
1016 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1019 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
1020 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
1021 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
1024 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1027 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1028 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1029 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1030 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never "
1031 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
1032 "may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
1033 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
1036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1039 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur based on the "
1040 "current system state but do not actually change the system. Locking will be "
1041 "disabled (<option>Debug::NoLocking</option>) so the system state could "
1042 "change while <command>apt-get</command> is running. Simulations can also be "
1043 "executed by non-root users which might not have read access to all apt "
1044 "configuration distorting the simulation. A notice expressing this warning "
1045 "is also shown by default for non-root users (<option>APT::Get::Show-User-"
1046 "Simulation-Note</option>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</"
1050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1053 "Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a "
1054 "<command>dpkg</command> operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), "
1055 "remove (<literal>Remv</literal>) or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). "
1056 "Square brackets indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate "
1057 "breaks that are of no consequence (rare)."
1060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1063 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
1064 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
1065 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
1066 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
1067 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
1070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1073 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1074 "Assume-No</literal>."
1077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1080 "Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be "
1081 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
1084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1087 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
1088 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
1091 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1094 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
1095 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
1096 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
1097 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
1098 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
1099 "Architecture</literal>."
1102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1105 "This option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package "
1106 "is built by <command>apt-get source --compile</command> and how build "
1107 "dependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More "
1108 "than one build profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them with "
1109 "a comma. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Build-Profiles</literal>."
1112 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1115 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
1116 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
1119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1122 "Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
1123 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
1124 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
1125 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
1128 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1131 "Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with "
1132 "<literal>upgrade</literal>. This is useful if the update of a installed "
1133 "package requires new dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the "
1134 "package back <literal>upgrade</literal> will upgrade the package and install "
1135 "the new dependencies. Note that <literal>upgrade</literal> with this option "
1136 "will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item: "
1137 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New</literal>."
1140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1143 "Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1144 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
1145 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
1146 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
1149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1152 "Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
1153 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
1154 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
1155 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
1158 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1161 "This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting "
1162 "if it is doing downgrades. It should not be used except in very special "
1163 "situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration "
1164 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-downgrades</literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1."
1167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1170 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1171 "without prompting if it is removing essentials. It should not be used except "
1172 "in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! "
1173 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-remove-essential</literal>. "
1174 "Introduced in APT 1.1."
1177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1180 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1181 "without prompting if it is changing held packages. It should not be used "
1182 "except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your "
1183 "system! Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-change-held-packages</"
1184 "literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1."
1187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1190 "Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
1191 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
1192 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
1193 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
1194 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>. This is deprecated and replaced by "
1195 "<option>--allow-downgrades</option>, <option>--allow-remove-essential</"
1196 "option>, <option>--allow-change-held-packages</option> in 1.1."
1199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1202 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
1203 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 "
1204 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
1205 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
1206 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
1207 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
1208 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1209 "Print-URIs</literal>."
1212 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1215 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
1216 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
1217 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
1218 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
1221 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1224 "Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
1225 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
1228 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1231 "This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to "
1232 "turn it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically "
1233 "manage the contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that "
1234 "obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you "
1235 "frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
1236 "List-Cleanup</literal>."
1239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1242 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a "
1243 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
1244 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
1245 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
1246 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
1247 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
1248 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
1249 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
1250 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
1253 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1256 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
1257 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</"
1258 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
1259 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
1262 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1265 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
1266 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
1269 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1272 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
1273 "literal>, then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</"
1274 "literal> command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
1275 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
1278 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1281 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
1282 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
1283 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
1284 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
1285 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
1286 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
1290 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1293 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
1294 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
1295 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
1298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1301 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
1302 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
1305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1308 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
1309 "can be useful while working with local repositories, but is a huge security "
1310 "risk if data authenticity isn't ensured in another way by the user itself. "
1311 "The usage of the <option>Trusted</option> option for &sources-list; entries "
1312 "should usually be preferred over this global override. Configuration Item: "
1313 "<literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
1316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1319 "Forbid the update command to acquire unverifiable data from configured "
1320 "sources. Apt will fail at the update command for repositories without valid "
1321 "cryptographically signatures. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
1322 "AllowInsecureRepositories</literal>."
1325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1328 "Show user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages "
1329 "are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machine parsable version of this "
1330 "data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration "
1331 "Item: <literal>Dpkg::Progress</literal> and <literal>Dpkg::Progress-Fancy</"
1335 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1336 #: apt-get.8.xml apt-cache.8.xml apt-key.8.xml apt-mark.8.xml apt.conf.5.xml
1337 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
1341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1344 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, "
1345 "&apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the "
1349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1352 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
1356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1358 msgid "query the APT cache"
1361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1364 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
1365 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
1366 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
1367 "output from the package metadata."
1370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1373 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
1374 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
1377 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1379 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
1382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1385 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
1386 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
1387 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
1388 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
1389 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
1390 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
1391 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
1392 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
1393 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
1396 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1400 "Package: libreadline2\n"
1401 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
1402 "Reverse Depends: \n"
1403 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
1404 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
1406 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
1409 "Reverse Provides: \n"
1412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1415 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
1416 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
1417 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
1418 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
1419 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
1420 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
1421 "best to consult the apt source code."
1424 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1427 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
1428 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
1431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1434 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
1438 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1441 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
1442 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
1443 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
1444 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
1447 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1450 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1451 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
1452 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
1453 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual package; "
1454 "several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no package "
1455 "named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
1458 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1461 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
1462 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
1463 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only one "
1464 "package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
1467 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1470 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
1471 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
1472 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf\" is both "
1473 "an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
1476 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1479 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
1480 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
1481 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
1482 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
1483 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
1486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1489 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
1490 "found in the cache. If more than one distribution is being accessed (for "
1491 "instance, \"stable\" and \"unstable\"), this value can be considerably "
1492 "larger than the number of total package names."
1495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
1498 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
1499 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
1502 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1505 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
1506 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
1507 "records that declare the name to be a binary package. Use <option>--only-"
1508 "source</option> to display only source package names."
1511 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1514 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
1515 "It is primarily for debugging."
1518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1521 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
1522 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
1525 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1528 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
1532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1535 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
1536 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
1539 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1541 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
1544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1547 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
1548 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
1549 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
1550 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
1551 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
1552 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
1553 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
1554 "description is not searched, only the package name and provided packages are."
1557 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1560 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
1564 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1567 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
1568 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
1571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1574 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
1578 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1581 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
1583 "<programlisting>\n"
1584 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1589 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
1590 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
1591 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
1592 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
1596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1599 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
1600 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
1601 "the generated list."
1604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1607 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
1608 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
1609 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
1610 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
1611 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
1612 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
1613 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
1614 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
1617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1620 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
1621 "pure virtual packages are triangles, mixed virtual packages are diamonds, "
1622 "missing packages are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped (leaf "
1623 "packages), blue lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
1626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1628 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
1631 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1634 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
1635 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
1638 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1641 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
1643 "<programlisting>\n"
1644 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
1646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1649 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
1650 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
1651 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
1652 "selection of the named package."
1655 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1658 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
1659 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
1660 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
1661 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
1662 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
1663 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
1664 "Architecture</literal>)."
1667 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1670 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
1671 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
1672 "pkgcache</literal>."
1675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1678 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
1679 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
1680 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
1681 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
1682 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
1685 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1688 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1689 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1690 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
1691 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1697 "Print only important dependencies; for use with <literal>unmet</literal> and "
1698 "<literal>depends</literal>. Causes only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to "
1699 "be printed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
1702 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1705 "Per default the <command>depends</command> and <command>rdepends</command> "
1706 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1707 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1708 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1709 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1715 "Per default <command>depends</command> and <command>rdepends</command> print "
1716 "only dependencies explicitly expressed in the metadata. With this flag it "
1717 "will also show dependencies implicitely added based on the encountered "
1718 "data. A <literal>Conflicts: foo</literal> e.g. expresses implicitely that "
1719 "this package also conflicts with the package foo from any other "
1720 "architecture. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::ShowImplicit</"
1724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1727 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1728 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1734 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1735 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1736 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will be displayed "
1737 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1738 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1739 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1745 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1746 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1747 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1753 "Only search on the package and provided package names, not the long "
1754 "descriptions. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1760 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1761 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1762 "AllNames</literal>."
1765 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1768 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1769 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1770 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1773 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1776 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1777 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1778 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1783 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1789 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1795 msgid "APT key management utility"
1798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1801 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
1802 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
1803 "keys will be considered trusted."
1806 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1814 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
1815 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
1816 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
1819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1821 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
1824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1826 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
1829 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1831 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
1834 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1836 msgid "List trusted keys."
1839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1841 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
1844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1847 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
1851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1854 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
1855 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
1856 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
1857 "distribution, e.g. the &keyring-package; package in &keyring-distro;."
1860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1863 "Perform an update working similarly to the <command>update</command> command "
1864 "above, but get the archive keyring from a URI instead and validate it "
1865 "against a master key. This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build "
1866 "configured to have a server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. "
1867 "APT in Debian does not support this command, relying on <command>update</"
1868 "command> instead, but Ubuntu's APT does."
1871 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1872 #: apt-key.8.xml apt-cdrom.8.xml
1876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1879 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
1883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1886 "With this option it is possible to specify a particular keyring file the "
1887 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
1888 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
1889 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
1890 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
1894 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1897 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
1898 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
1900 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1902 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
1905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1907 msgid "&keyring-filename;"
1910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1912 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive trusted keys."
1915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
1917 msgid "&keyring-removed-filename;"
1920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1922 msgid "Keyring of &keyring-distro; archive removed trusted keys."
1925 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1928 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
1929 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1933 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
1936 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1939 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
1940 "being automatically installed."
1943 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1946 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
1947 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
1948 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
1949 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
1950 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
1953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1956 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
1957 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
1958 "installed packages depend on this package."
1961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1964 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
1965 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
1966 "if no other packages depend on it."
1969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1972 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as held back, which will "
1973 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
1974 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
1975 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
1976 "affected by the <option>--file</option> option."
1979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1982 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
1983 "package to allow all actions again."
1986 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1989 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
1990 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
1991 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
1992 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
1995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1998 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
1999 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2000 "installed packages instead."
2003 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2006 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2007 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2013 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2014 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
2015 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
2016 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
2019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2022 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2028 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2034 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2035 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2036 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2037 "the Release file signing key."
2040 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2043 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature, or with a signature "
2044 "that apt does not have a key for, that package is considered untrusted, and "
2045 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2046 "currently only warn for unsigned archives; future releases might force all "
2047 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2053 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2054 "authentication feature."
2057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2059 msgid "Trusted archives"
2062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2065 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of several "
2066 "steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this chain; "
2067 "trusting an archive does not mean that you trust its packages not to contain "
2068 "malicious code, but means that you trust the archive maintainer. It's the "
2069 "archive maintainer's responsibility to ensure that the archive's integrity "
2073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2076 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2077 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2078 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2079 "packages respectively)."
2082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2085 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2086 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. In order to become "
2087 "effective, this upload needs to be signed by a key contained in the Debian "
2088 "Maintainers keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). Maintainers' "
2089 "keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established procedures to "
2090 "ensure the identity of the key holder."
2093 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2096 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2097 "maintainer signature is stripped off, and checksums of the package are "
2098 "computed and put in the Packages file. The checksums of all of the Packages "
2099 "files are then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is "
2100 "then signed by the archive key for this &keyring-distro; release, and "
2101 "distributed alongside the packages and the Packages files on &keyring-"
2102 "distro; mirrors. The keys are in the &keyring-distro; archive keyring "
2103 "available in the &keyring-package; package."
2106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2109 "End users can check the signature of the Release file, extract a checksum of "
2110 "a package from it and compare it with the checksum of the package they "
2111 "downloaded by hand - or rely on APT doing this automatically."
2114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2117 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2118 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2124 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2125 "checking, malicious agents can introduce themselves into the package "
2126 "download process and provide malicious software either by controlling a "
2127 "network element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue "
2128 "server (through ARP or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2134 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2135 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
2136 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
2140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2143 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
2144 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
2145 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
2146 "package signature."
2149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2151 msgid "User configuration"
2154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2157 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
2158 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys, although an installation of "
2159 "this release will automatically contain the default Debian archive signing "
2160 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
2163 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2166 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
2167 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
2168 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
2169 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
2170 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
2174 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2176 msgid "Archive configuration"
2179 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2182 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
2183 "maintenance you have to:"
2186 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2189 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
2190 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
2191 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
2194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2197 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
2198 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
2199 "gpg Release</command>."
2202 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2205 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
2206 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
2210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2213 "Whenever the contents of the archive change (new packages are added or "
2214 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps outlined "
2218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2221 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
2222 "&debsign;, &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
2225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2228 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
2229 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
2230 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
2231 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
2232 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
2233 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
2236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2238 msgid "Manpage Authors"
2241 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2244 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
2245 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
2248 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2250 msgid "APT CD-ROM management utility"
2253 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2256 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CD-ROM to APT's list of "
2257 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
2258 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
2259 "burns and verifying the index files."
2262 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2265 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
2266 "system; it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disc in a multi-CD set "
2267 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
2270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2273 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
2274 "unmount the CD-ROM device, prompt for a disc to be inserted and then proceed "
2275 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
2276 "<filename>.disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
2280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2283 "APT uses a CD-ROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
2284 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
2288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2291 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
2295 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2298 "Do not try to auto-detect the CD-ROM path. Usually combined with the "
2299 "<option>--cdrom</option> option. Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::"
2300 "cdrom::AutoDetect</literal>."
2303 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2306 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the CD-ROM. This mount point must "
2307 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
2308 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
2311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2314 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disc or override the disc's given "
2315 "label. This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a "
2316 "new label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
2319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2322 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
2323 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
2324 "NoMount</literal>."
2327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2330 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
2331 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
2332 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
2333 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
2336 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2339 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
2340 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
2341 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
2344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2347 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
2348 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
2349 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
2352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2355 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
2356 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2358 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2361 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2365 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2367 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
2370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2373 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
2374 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
2375 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
2376 "manner that is easy to use for scripted applications."
2379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2382 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
2383 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
2384 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists shell assignment "
2385 "commands for each value present. In a shell script it should be used as "
2389 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
2394 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
2398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2401 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
2402 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
2405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2408 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
2409 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
2410 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
2413 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2415 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
2418 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2421 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
2422 "empty to remove them from the output."
2425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
2427 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
2430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2433 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
2434 "its individual name, %f with its full hierarchical name and %v "
2435 "with its value. Use uppercase letters and special characters in the value "
2436 "will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be safely used in a quoted-string "
2437 "as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced by a newline, "
2438 "and %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %%."
2441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2442 #: apt-config.8.xml apt-extracttemplates.1.xml apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
2443 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
2451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2454 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
2458 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
2460 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
2463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
2465 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
2468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
2469 #: apt.conf.5.xml apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml
2473 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2475 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
2478 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2481 "<filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file shared "
2482 "by all the tools in the APT suite of tools, though it is by no means the "
2483 "only place options can be set. The suite also shares a common command line "
2484 "parser to provide a uniform environment."
2487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
2490 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
2494 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2497 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
2501 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2504 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
2505 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
2506 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
2507 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
2508 "ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
2509 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will "
2510 "be silently ignored."
2513 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2516 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
2519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
2522 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
2523 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
2526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2531 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2534 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
2535 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
2536 "notation; for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
2537 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
2538 "their parent groups."
2541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2544 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
2545 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
2546 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
2547 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
2548 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The "
2549 "quotation marks and trailing semicolon are required. The value must be on "
2550 "one line, and there is no kind of string concatenation. Values must not "
2551 "include backslashes or extra quotation marks. Option names are made up of "
2552 "alphanumeric characters and the characters \"/-:._+\". A new scope can be "
2553 "opened with curly braces, like this:"
2556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2562 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
2563 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
2568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2571 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
2572 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
2573 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, separated by a semicolon."
2576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
2579 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
2582 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2585 "In general the sample configuration file &configureindex; is a good guide "
2586 "for how it should look."
2589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2592 "Case is not significant in names of configuration items, so in the previous "
2593 "example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
2596 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2599 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as can "
2600 "be seen in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. If "
2601 "you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
2602 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option in the same way as "
2603 "any other option by reassigning a new value to the option."
2606 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2609 "Two special commands are defined: <literal>#include</literal> (which is "
2610 "deprecated and not supported by alternative implementations) and "
2611 "<literal>#clear</literal>. <literal>#include</literal> will include the "
2612 "given file, unless the filename ends in a slash, in which case the whole "
2613 "directory is included. <literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of "
2614 "the configuration tree. The specified element and all its descendants are "
2615 "erased. (Note that these lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
2618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2621 "The <literal>#clear</literal> command is the only way to delete a list or a "
2622 "complete scope. Reopening a scope (or using the syntax described below with "
2623 "an appended <literal>::</literal>) will <emphasis>not</emphasis> override "
2624 "previously written entries. Options can only be overridden by addressing a "
2625 "new value to them - lists and scopes can't be overridden, only cleared."
2628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2631 "All of the APT tools take an -o option which allows an arbitrary "
2632 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
2633 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
2634 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
2635 "element to a list, add a trailing <literal>::</literal> to the name of the "
2636 "list. (As you might suspect, the scope syntax can't be used on the command "
2640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2643 "Note that appending items to a list using <literal>::</literal> only works "
2644 "for one item per line, and that you should not use it in combination with "
2645 "the scope syntax (which adds <literal>::</literal> implicitly). Using both "
2646 "syntaxes together will trigger a bug which some users unfortunately depend "
2647 "on: an option with the unusual name \"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts "
2648 "like every other option with a name. This introduces many problems; for one "
2649 "thing, users who write multiple lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> "
2650 "syntax in the hope of appending to a list will achieve the opposite, as only "
2651 "the last assignment for this option \"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. "
2652 "Future versions of APT will raise errors and stop working if they encounter "
2653 "this misuse, so please correct such statements now while APT doesn't "
2654 "explicitly complain about them."
2657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2659 msgid "The APT Group"
2662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2665 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
2666 "options for all of the tools."
2669 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2672 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
2673 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
2677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2680 "All Architectures the system supports. For instance, CPUs implementing the "
2681 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) "
2682 "instruction set are also able to execute binaries compiled for the "
2683 "<literal>i386</literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set. This list "
2684 "is used when fetching files and parsing package lists. The initial default "
2685 "is always the system's native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</"
2686 "literal>), and foreign architectures are added to the default list when they "
2687 "are registered via <command>dpkg --add-architecture</command>."
2690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2693 "List of all build profiles enabled for build-dependency resolution, without "
2694 "the \"<literal>profile.</literal>\" namespace prefix. By default this list "
2695 "is empty. The <envar>DEB_BUILD_PROFILES</envar> as used by &dpkg-"
2696 "buildpackage; overrides the list notation."
2699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2702 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version is "
2703 "available. Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: "
2704 "'stable', 'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', "
2705 "'4.0', '5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
2708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2711 "Ignore held packages; this global option causes the problem resolver to "
2712 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
2715 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2718 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
2719 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
2720 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
2721 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
2724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2727 "Defaults to on, which will cause APT to install essential and important "
2728 "packages as soon as possible in an install/upgrade operation, in order to "
2729 "limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call. If this option is disabled, APT "
2730 "treats an important package in the same way as an extra package: between the "
2731 "unpacking of the package A and its configuration there can be many other "
2732 "unpack or configuration calls for other unrelated packages B, C etc. If "
2733 "these cause the &dpkg; call to fail (e.g. because package B's maintainer "
2734 "scripts generate an error), this results in a system state in which package "
2735 "A is unpacked but unconfigured - so any package depending on A is now no "
2736 "longer guaranteed to work, as its dependency on A is no longer satisfied."
2739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2742 "The immediate configuration marker is also applied in the potentially "
2743 "problematic case of circular dependencies, since a dependency with the "
2744 "immediate flag is equivalent to a Pre-Dependency. In theory this allows APT "
2745 "to recognise a situation in which it is unable to perform immediate "
2746 "configuration, abort, and suggest to the user that the option should be "
2747 "temporarily deactivated in order to allow the operation to proceed. Note "
2748 "the use of the word \"theory\" here; in the real world this problem has "
2749 "rarely been encountered, in non-stable distribution versions, and was caused "
2750 "by wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an "
2751 "already broken state; so you should not blindly disable this option, as the "
2752 "scenario mentioned above is not the only problem it can help to prevent in "
2756 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2759 "Before a big operation like <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> is run with this "
2760 "option disabled you should try to explicitly <literal>install</literal> the "
2761 "package APT is unable to configure immediately; but please make sure you "
2762 "also report your problem to your distribution and to the APT team with the "
2763 "buglink below, so they can work on improving or correcting the upgrade "
2767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2770 "Never enable this option unless you <emphasis>really</emphasis> know what "
2771 "you are doing. It permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to "
2772 "break a Conflicts/Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depends loop between two "
2773 "essential packages. <emphasis>Such a loop should never exist and is a grave "
2774 "bug</emphasis>. This option will work if the essential packages are not "
2775 "<command>tar</command>, <command>gzip</command>, <command>libc</command>, "
2776 "<command>dpkg</command>, <command>dash</command> or anything that those "
2777 "packages depend on."
2780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2783 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
2784 "the available information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint of "
2785 "the size the cache will grow to, and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
2786 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
2787 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT; otherwise it will "
2788 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
2789 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
2790 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
2791 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the cache size will be increased in the event "
2792 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. This "
2793 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
2794 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
2795 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
2796 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
2797 "automatic growth of the cache is disabled."
2800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2802 msgid "Defines which packages are considered essential build dependencies."
2805 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2808 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool; please see its documentation "
2809 "for more information about the options here."
2812 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2815 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool; please see its "
2816 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2822 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool; please see its "
2823 "documentation for more information about the options here."
2826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2828 msgid "The Acquire Group"
2831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2834 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
2835 "packages as well as the various \"acquire methods\" responsible for the "
2836 "download itself (see also &sources-list;)."
2839 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2842 "Security related option defaulting to true, as giving a Release file's "
2843 "validation an expiration date prevents replay attacks over a long timescale, "
2844 "and can also for example help users to identify mirrors that are no longer "
2845 "updated - but the feature depends on the correctness of the clock on the "
2846 "user system. Archive maintainers are encouraged to create Release files with "
2847 "the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header, but if they don't or a stricter "
2848 "value is desired the <literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option below can be "
2849 "used. The <option>Check-Valid-Until</option> option of &sources-list; "
2850 "entries should be preferred to disable the check selectively instead of "
2851 "using this global override."
2854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2857 "Maximum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2858 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2859 "should be considered valid. If the Release file itself includes a "
2860 "<literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of the two is used as "
2861 "the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</literal> which stands "
2862 "for \"valid forever\". Archive specific settings can be made by appending "
2863 "the label of the archive to the option name. Preferably, the same can be "
2864 "achieved for specific &sources-list; entries by using the <option>Valid-"
2865 "Until-Max</option> option there."
2868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2871 "Minimum time (in seconds) after its creation (as indicated by the "
2872 "<literal>Date</literal> header) that the <filename>Release</filename> file "
2873 "should be considered valid. Use this if you need to use a seldom updated "
2874 "(local) mirror of a more frequently updated archive with a <literal>Valid-"
2875 "Until</literal> header instead of completely disabling the expiration date "
2876 "checking. Archive specific settings can and should be used by appending the "
2877 "label of the archive to the option name. Preferably, the same can be "
2878 "achieved for specific &sources-list; entries by using the <option>Valid-"
2879 "Until-Min</option> option there."
2882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2885 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for indexes (like "
2886 "<filename>Packages</filename> files) instead of downloading whole ones. True "
2887 "by default. Preferably, this can be set for specific &sources-list; entries "
2888 "or index files by using the <option>PDiffs</option> option there."
2891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2894 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: "
2895 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be used to specify a maximum number of "
2896 "PDiff files should be downloaded to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</"
2897 "literal> on the other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all "
2898 "patches compared to the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is "
2899 "exceeded the complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
2902 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2905 "Try to download indexes via an URI constructed from a hashsum of the "
2906 "expected file rather than downloaded via a well-known stable filename. True "
2907 "by default, but automatically disabled if the source indicates no support "
2908 "for it. Usage can be forced with the special value \"force\". Preferably, "
2909 "this can be set for specific &sources-list; entries or index files by using "
2910 "the <option>By-Hash</option> option there."
2913 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2916 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
2917 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
2918 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
2919 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
2920 "connection per URI type will be opened."
2923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2926 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
2927 "files the given number of times."
2930 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2933 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
2934 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
2937 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2940 "<literal>http::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for HTTP URIs. "
2941 "It is in the standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
2942 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
2943 "<literal>http::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
2944 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
2945 "settings is specified, <envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will "
2949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2952 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
2953 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy not to use its cached "
2954 "response under any circumstances. <literal>Max-Age</literal> sets the "
2955 "allowed maximum age (in seconds) of an index file in the cache of the "
2956 "proxy. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the proxy should not "
2957 "store the requested archive files in its cache, which can be used to prevent "
2958 "the proxy from polluting its cache with (big) .deb files."
2961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2964 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
2965 "method; this value applies to the connection as well as the data timeout."
2968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2971 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
2972 "enable HTTP pipelining (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
2973 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are sent in a "
2974 "pipeline. APT tries to detect and workaround misbehaving webservers and "
2975 "proxies at runtime, but if you know that yours does not conform to the "
2976 "HTTP/1.1 specification pipelining can be disabled by setting the value to 0. "
2977 "It is enabled by default with the value 10."
2980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2983 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls whether APT will "
2984 "follow redirects, which is enabled by default."
2987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2990 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
2991 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobytes per second. The default "
2992 "value is 0 which deactivates the limit and tries to use all available "
2993 "bandwidth. Note that this option implicitly disables downloading from "
2994 "multiple servers at the same time."
2997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3000 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3001 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3002 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3008 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy-Auto-Detect</literal> can be used to specify "
3009 "an external command to discover the http proxy to use. Apt expects the "
3010 "command to output the proxy on stdout in the style <literal>http://proxy:"
3011 "port/</literal>. This will override the generic <literal>Acquire::http::"
3012 "Proxy</literal> but not any specific host proxy configuration set via "
3013 "<literal>Acquire::http::Proxy::$HOST</literal>. See the &squid-deb-proxy-"
3014 "client; package for an example implementation that uses avahi. This option "
3015 "takes precedence over the legacy option name <literal>ProxyAutoDetect</"
3019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3022 "The <literal>Cache-control</literal>, <literal>Timeout</literal>, "
3023 "<literal>AllowRedirect</literal>, <literal>Dl-Limit</literal> and "
3024 "<literal>proxy</literal> options work for HTTPS URIs in the same way as for "
3025 "the <literal>http</literal> method, and default to the same values if they "
3026 "are not explicitly set. The <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is not "
3030 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3033 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3034 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is the "
3035 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3036 "suboption determines whether or not the server's host certificate should be "
3037 "verified against trusted certificates. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</"
3038 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</"
3039 "literal> boolean suboption determines whether or not the server's hostname "
3040 "should be verified. <literal><host>::Verify-Host</literal> is the "
3041 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslCert</literal> determines what "
3042 "certificate to use for client authentication. <literal><host>::"
3043 "SslCert</literal> is the corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslKey</"
3044 "literal> determines what private key to use for client authentication. "
3045 "<literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is the corresponding per-host "
3046 "option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides default SSL version to "
3047 "use. It can contain either of the strings '<literal>TLSv1</literal>' or "
3048 "'<literal>SSLv3</literal>'. <literal><host>::SslForceVersion</"
3049 "literal> is the corresponding per-host option."
3052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3055 "<literal>ftp::Proxy</literal> sets the default proxy to use for FTP URIs. "
3056 "It is in the standard form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</"
3057 "literal>. Per host proxies can also be specified by using the form "
3058 "<literal>ftp::Proxy::<host></literal> with the special keyword "
3059 "<literal>DIRECT</literal> meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above "
3060 "settings is specified, <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be "
3061 "used. To use an FTP proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</"
3062 "literal> script in the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands "
3063 "to send to tell the proxy server what to connect to. Please see "
3064 "&configureindex; for an example of how to do this. The substitution "
3065 "variables representing the corresponding URI component are <literal>"
3066 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal>, <literal>"
3067 "$(SITE_USER)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal>, <literal>$(SITE)</"
3068 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal>."
3071 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3074 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3075 "to leave passive mode on; it works in nearly every environment. However, "
3076 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode FTP used "
3077 "instead. This can be done globally or for connections that go through a "
3078 "proxy or for a specific host (see the sample config file for examples)."
3081 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3084 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3085 "envar> environment variable to an HTTP URL - see the discussion of the http "
3086 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3087 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3093 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3094 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3095 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3096 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3097 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3103 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3109 "For URIs using the <literal>cdrom</literal> method, the only configurable "
3110 "option is the mount point, <literal>cdrom::Mount</literal>, which must be "
3111 "the mount point for the CD-ROM (or DVD, or whatever) drive as specified in "
3112 "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to provide alternate mount "
3113 "and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be listed in the fstab. The "
3114 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3115 "<literal>cdrom</literal> block. It is important to have the trailing slash. "
3116 "Unmount commands can be specified using UMount."
3119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3122 "For GPGV URIs the only configurable option is <literal>gpgv::Options</"
3123 "literal>, which passes additional parameters to gpgv."
3126 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3129 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3135 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3136 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3137 "compression formats. By default the acquire methods can decompress "
3138 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3139 "command> compressed files; with this setting more formats can be added on "
3140 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3141 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3147 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3153 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3156 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3159 "Also, the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3160 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3161 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3162 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simply add the "
3163 "preferred type first - default types not already added will be implicitly "
3164 "appended to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3165 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3166 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3167 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3168 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this: "
3169 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3170 "<literal>bz2</literal> to the list explicitly as it will be added "
3174 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3177 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3180 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3183 "Note that the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable></"
3184 "literal> will be checked at run time. If this option has been set, the "
3185 "method will only be used if this file exists; e.g. for the <literal>bzip2</"
3186 "literal> method (the inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout"
3187 "\" id=\"0\"/> Note also that list entries specified on the command line will "
3188 "be added at the end of the list specified in the configuration files, but "
3189 "before the default entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones "
3190 "specified in the configuration files you can set the option direct - not in "
3191 "list style. This will not override the defined list; it will only prefix "
3192 "the list with this type."
3195 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3198 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3199 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3200 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3203 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3206 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3207 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3208 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3209 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3212 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3215 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3216 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the description-"
3217 "translations. APT will try to display the first available description in the "
3218 "language which is listed first. Languages can be defined with their short or "
3219 "long language codes. Note that not all archives provide "
3220 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every language - the long "
3221 "language codes are especially rare."
3224 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3227 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3233 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3234 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: it will be "
3235 "replaced at runtime with the language codes extracted from the "
3236 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3237 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3238 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3239 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3240 "force APT to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3241 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3242 "meaning code which will stop the search for a suitable "
3243 "<filename>Translation</filename> file. This tells APT to download these "
3244 "translations too, without actually using them unless the environment "
3245 "specifies the languages. So the following example configuration will result "
3246 "in the order \"en, de\" in an English locale or \"de, en\" in a German one. "
3247 "Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used unless APT is used in a French "
3248 "locale (where the order would be \"fr, de, en\"). <placeholder type="
3249 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
3252 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3255 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3256 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3257 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3258 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3263 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv4 protocol."
3266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3268 msgid "When downloading, force to use only the IPv6 protocol."
3271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3274 "The maximum file size of Release/Release.gpg/InRelease files. The default "
3278 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3281 "This option controls if apt will use the DNS SRV server record as specified "
3282 "in RFC 2782 to select an alternative server to connect to. The default is "
3286 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3289 "Allow the update operation to load data files from a repository without a "
3290 "trusted signature. If enabled this option no data files will be loaded and "
3291 "the update operation fails with a error for this source. The default is "
3292 "false for backward compatibility. This will be changed in the future."
3295 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3298 "Allow that a repository that was previously gpg signed to become unsigned "
3299 "durign a update operation. When there is no valid signature of a perviously "
3300 "trusted repository apt will refuse the update. This option can be used to "
3301 "override this protection. You almost certainly never want to enable this. "
3302 "The default is false. Note that apt will still consider packages from this "
3303 "source untrusted and warn about them if you try to install them."
3306 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
3311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3314 "Acquiring changelogs can only be done if an URI is known from where to get "
3315 "them. Preferable the Release file indicates this in a 'Changelogs' field. "
3316 "If this isn't available the Label/Origin field of the Release file is used "
3317 "to check if a <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Label::<replaceable>LABEL</"
3318 "replaceable></literal> or <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Origin::"
3319 "<replaceable>ORIGIN</replaceable></literal> option exists and if so this "
3320 "value is taken. The value in the Release file can be overridden with "
3321 "<literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Override::Label::<replaceable>LABEL</"
3322 "replaceable></literal> or <literal>Acquire::Changelogs::URI::Override::"
3323 "Origin::<replaceable>ORIGIN</replaceable></literal>. The value should be a "
3324 "normal URI to a text file, expect that package specific data is replaced "
3325 "with the placeholder <literal>CHANGEPATH</literal>. The value for it is: 1. "
3326 "if the package is from a component (e.g. <literal>main</literal>) this is "
3327 "the first part otherwise it is omitted, 2. the first letter of source "
3328 "package name, expect if the source package name starts with '<literal>lib</"
3329 "literal>' in which case it will be the first four letters. 3. The complete "
3330 "source package name. 4. the complete name again and 5. the source version. "
3331 "The first (if present), second, third and fourth part are separated by a "
3332 "slash ('<literal>/</literal>') and between the fourth and fifth part is an "
3333 "underscore ('<literal>_</literal>'). The special value '<literal>no</"
3334 "literal>' is available for this option indicating that this source can't be "
3335 "used to acquire changelog files from. Another source will be tried if "
3336 "available in this case."
3339 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3347 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3348 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3349 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3350 "&dpkg; status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3351 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3352 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub-items if they do not "
3353 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3359 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3360 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3361 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3362 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3363 "be turned off by setting <literal>pkgcache</literal> or "
3364 "<literal>srcpkgcache</literal> to <literal>\"\"</literal>. This will slow "
3365 "down startup but save disk space. It is probably preferable to turn off the "
3366 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3367 "the default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3373 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3374 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3375 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3376 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3377 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3383 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3384 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3385 "main config file is loaded."
3388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3391 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3392 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3393 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3394 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3395 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3396 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3402 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3403 "set, all paths will be relative to <literal>RootDir</literal>, "
3404 "<emphasis>even paths that are specified absolutely</emphasis>. So, for "
3405 "instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is set to <filename>/tmp/staging</"
3406 "filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</literal> is set to <filename>/var/"
3407 "lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the status file will be looked up in "
3408 "<filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>. If you want to "
3409 "prefix only relative paths, set <literal>Dir</literal> instead."
3412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3415 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3416 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3417 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3418 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3419 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3420 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3425 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3428 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3431 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3432 "control the default behavior. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3439 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of <literal>always</literal>, "
3440 "<literal>prompt</literal>, <literal>auto</literal>, <literal>pre-auto</"
3441 "literal> and <literal>never</literal>. <literal>always</literal> and "
3442 "<literal>prompt</literal> will remove all packages from the cache after "
3443 "upgrading, <literal>prompt</literal> (the default) does so conditionally. "
3444 "<literal>auto</literal> removes only those packages which are no longer "
3445 "downloadable (replaced with a new version for instance). <literal>pre-auto</"
3446 "literal> performs this action before downloading new packages."
3449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3452 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3453 "options when it is run for the install phase."
3456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3459 "The contents of this variable are passed to &apt-get; as command line "
3460 "options when it is run for the update phase."
3463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3466 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
3467 "The default is to prompt only on error."
3470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3472 msgid "How APT calls &dpkg;"
3475 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3478 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
3479 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
3482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3485 "This is a list of options to pass to &dpkg;. The options must be specified "
3486 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
3490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3493 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3494 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3495 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3496 "fail APT will abort."
3499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3502 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking &dpkg;. Like "
3503 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
3504 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>; should any "
3505 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass the filenames of all .deb files it is "
3506 "going to install to the commands, one per line on the requested file "
3507 "descriptor, defaulting to standard input."
3510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3513 "Version 2 of this protocol sends more information through the requested file "
3514 "descriptor: a line with the text <literal>VERSION 2</literal>, the APT "
3515 "configuration space, and a list of package actions with filename and version "
3519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3522 "Each configuration directive line has the form <literal>key=value</"
3523 "literal>. Special characters (equal signs, newlines, nonprintable "
3524 "characters, quotation marks, and percent signs in <literal>key</literal> and "
3525 "newlines, nonprintable characters, and percent signs in <literal>value</"
3526 "literal>) are %-encoded. Lists are represented by multiple <literal>key::"
3527 "=value</literal> lines with the same key. The configuration section ends "
3528 "with a blank line."
3531 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3534 "Package action lines consist of five fields in Version 2: old version, "
3535 "direction of version change (< for upgrades, > for downgrades, = for "
3536 "no change), new version, action. The version fields are \"-\" for no version "
3537 "at all (for example when installing a package for the first time; no version "
3538 "is treated as earlier than any real version, so that is an upgrade, "
3539 "indicated as <literal>- < 1.23.4</literal>). The action field is "
3540 "\"**CONFIGURE**\" if the package is being configured, \"**REMOVE**\" if it "
3541 "is being removed, or the filename of a .deb file if it is being unpacked."
3544 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3547 "In Version 3 after each version field follows the architecture of this "
3548 "version, which is \"-\" if there is no version, and a field showing the "
3549 "MultiArch type \"same\", foreign\", \"allowed\" or \"none\". Note that \"none"
3550 "\" is an incorrect typename which is just kept to remain compatible, it "
3551 "should be read as \"no\" and users are encouraged to support both."
3554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3557 "The version of the protocol to be used for the command "
3558 "<literal><replaceable>cmd</replaceable></literal> can be chosen by setting "
3559 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::Version</"
3560 "literal> accordingly, the default being version 1. If APT isn't supporting "
3561 "the requested version it will send the information in the highest version it "
3562 "has support for instead."
3565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3568 "The file descriptor to be used to send the information can be requested with "
3569 "<literal>DPkg::Tools::options::<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>::InfoFD</"
3570 "literal> which defaults to <literal>0</literal> for standard input and is "
3571 "available since version 0.9.11. Support for the option can be detected by "
3572 "looking for the environment variable <envar>APT_HOOK_INFO_FD</envar> which "
3573 "contains the number of the used file descriptor as a confirmation."
3576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3579 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking &dpkg;, the default is "
3580 "<filename>/</filename>."
3583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3586 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages; the "
3587 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
3590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
3592 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
3595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3598 "APT can call &dpkg; in such a way as to let it make aggressive use of "
3599 "triggers over multiple calls of &dpkg;. Without further options &dpkg; will "
3600 "use triggers once each time it runs. Activating these options can therefore "
3601 "decrease the time needed to perform the install or upgrade. Note that it is "
3602 "intended to activate these options per default in the future, but as it "
3603 "drastically changes the way APT calls &dpkg; it needs a lot more testing. "
3604 "<emphasis>These options are therefore currently experimental and should not "
3605 "be used in production environments.</emphasis> It also breaks progress "
3606 "reporting such that all front-ends will currently stay around half (or more) "
3607 "of the time in the 100% state while it actually configures all packages."
3610 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
3614 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
3615 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
3616 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
3617 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
3620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
3623 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
3624 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
3625 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
3626 "enough to help testing them, create a new configuration file and test a "
3627 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
3628 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
3629 "reports. Asking &dpkg; for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
3630 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
3631 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3634 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3637 "Add the no triggers flag to all &dpkg; calls (except the ConfigurePending "
3638 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
3639 "short: &dpkg; will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it "
3640 "is explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option "
3641 "exists (undocumented) also in older APT versions with a slightly different "
3642 "meaning: Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure "
3643 "calls to &dpkg; - now APT will also add this flag to the unpack and remove "
3647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3650 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
3651 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". The default value is \"<literal>all</literal>"
3652 "\", which causes APT to configure all packages. The \"<literal>smart</"
3653 "literal>\" way is to configure only packages which need to be configured "
3654 "before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends), and let the rest be "
3655 "configured by &dpkg; with a call generated by the ConfigurePending option "
3656 "(see below). On the other hand, \"<literal>no</literal>\" will not configure "
3657 "anything, and totally relies on &dpkg; for configuration (which at the "
3658 "moment will fail if a Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to "
3659 "any value other than <literal>all</literal> will implicitly also activate "
3660 "the next option by default, as otherwise the system could end in an "
3661 "unconfigured and potentially unbootable state."
3664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3667 "If this option is set APT will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
3668 "command> to let &dpkg; handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
3669 "option is activated automatically per default if the previous option is not "
3670 "set to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating it could be useful if you "
3671 "want to run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these "
3672 "sceneries you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
3675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3678 "Useful for the <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
3679 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal>, and "
3680 "&dpkg; treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a "
3681 "showstopper for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will "
3682 "process all triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
3685 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3689 "OrderList::Score {\n"
3691 "\tEssential 200;\n"
3693 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
3697 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3700 "Essential packages (and their dependencies) should be configured immediately "
3701 "after unpacking. It is a good idea to do this quite early in the upgrade "
3702 "process as these configure calls also currently require <literal>DPkg::"
3703 "TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers (which may not "
3704 "be needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the immediate flag "
3705 "is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is rated higher). "
3706 "These option and the others in the same group can be used to change the "
3707 "scoring. The following example shows the settings with their default "
3708 "values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
3711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3713 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
3716 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3719 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
3720 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by the "
3721 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See the top of this script "
3722 "for the brief documentation of these options."
3725 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3727 msgid "Debug options"
3730 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3733 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
3734 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
3735 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
3736 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
3737 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
3741 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3744 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
3745 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
3749 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3752 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
3753 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
3754 "literal>) as a non-root user."
3757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3760 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
3761 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
3765 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
3767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3770 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
3774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3776 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
3779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3782 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
3785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3787 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
3790 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3792 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
3795 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3797 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
3800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3803 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
3804 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
3807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3810 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
3811 "stored on CD-ROMs."
3814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3816 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
3819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3822 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
3823 "literal> libraries."
3826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3829 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
3830 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
3834 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3837 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
3838 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
3841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3843 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
3846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3849 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
3850 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
3853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3856 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
3857 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
3860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3863 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
3864 "index diffs instead of full indices."
3867 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3870 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
3873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3876 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
3877 "the removal of unused packages."
3880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3883 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
3884 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
3885 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
3886 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
3887 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
3890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3893 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are marked as keep/install/"
3894 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
3895 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional "
3896 "spaces under the original entry. The format for each line is "
3897 "<literal>MarkKeep</literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or "
3898 "<literal>MarkInstall</literal> followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -"
3899 "> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is "
3900 "the current version of the package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version "
3901 "considered for installation and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, "
3902 "but not considered for installation (because of a low pin score). The later "
3903 "two can be omitted if there is none or if it is the same as the installed "
3904 "version. <literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package "
3908 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3911 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
3912 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
3915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3918 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
3919 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
3922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3925 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
3926 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
3929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3932 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
3935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3937 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
3940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3943 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
3944 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
3947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3950 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
3951 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
3952 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
3955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3958 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
3962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3965 "Display the external commands that are called by apt hooks. This includes e."
3966 "g. the config options <literal>DPkg::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal> or "
3967 "<literal>APT::Update::{Pre,Post}-Invoke</literal>."
3970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3971 #: apt.conf.5.xml apt_preferences.5.xml sources.list.5.xml
3972 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
3977 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3980 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
3984 #. ? reading apt.conf
3985 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3988 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
3989 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
3991 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3992 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
3994 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
3995 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
3997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3998 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4001 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4002 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4003 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4006 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4007 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4010 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4011 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4014 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4015 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4016 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4017 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4018 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4019 "priority for installation. The APT preferences override the priorities that "
4020 "APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the user control "
4021 "over which one is selected for installation."
4023 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4024 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4025 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4026 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4027 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4028 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4029 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4030 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4031 "selecionada para instalação."
4033 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4034 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4037 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4038 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4039 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4040 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences do not affect the choice of "
4041 "instance, only the choice of version."
4043 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4044 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4045 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4046 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4047 "a escolha da instância."
4049 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4050 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4052 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4053 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4054 "not question the preferences, so wrong settings can lead to uninstallable "
4055 "packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even more problems "
4056 "will arise if multiple distribution releases are mixed without a good "
4057 "understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a specific "
4058 "release aren't tested in (and therefore don't always work as expected in) "
4059 "older or newer releases, or together with other packages from different "
4060 "releases. You have been warned."
4063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4064 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4066 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4067 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4068 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4069 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4070 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4071 "that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the "
4072 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in which "
4073 "case it will be silently ignored."
4076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4077 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4079 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4080 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4083 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4085 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4087 "<programlisting>\n"
4088 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4091 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4093 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4095 "<programlisting>\n"
4096 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4099 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4102 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4103 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4104 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4105 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4106 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4107 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4108 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4109 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4110 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4111 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4112 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4114 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4115 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4116 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4117 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4118 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4119 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4120 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4121 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4124 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4127 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4128 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
4130 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4131 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4134 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4135 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4138 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4141 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4143 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4144 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4145 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4146 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4150 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4152 msgid "priority 100"
4153 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4156 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4158 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4159 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4160 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the Debian "
4161 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4165 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4167 msgid "priority 500"
4168 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4171 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4173 msgid "to the versions that do not belong to the target release."
4175 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4178 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4180 msgid "priority 990"
4181 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4183 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4184 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4186 msgid "to the versions that belong to the target release."
4188 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4191 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4193 "The highest of those priorities whose description matches the version is "
4194 "assigned to the version."
4197 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4198 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4201 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4202 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4203 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4204 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4205 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4206 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4208 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4209 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4210 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4212 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4213 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4216 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4217 "determine which version of a package to install."
4219 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4220 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4223 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4226 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4227 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4228 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4229 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4230 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4232 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4233 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4234 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4235 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4236 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4237 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4240 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4242 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4243 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4246 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4249 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4250 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4252 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4253 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4256 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4259 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4260 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4261 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4263 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4264 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4265 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4267 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4268 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4271 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4272 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4273 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4274 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4275 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4277 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4278 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4279 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4280 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4281 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4284 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4285 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4288 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4289 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4290 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4291 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4293 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4294 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4295 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4296 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4297 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4300 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4303 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4304 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4305 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4306 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4307 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4308 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4309 "than the installed version."
4311 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4312 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4313 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4314 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4315 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4316 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4317 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4320 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4322 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4323 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4326 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4329 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4330 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4331 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4332 "specific form and a general form."
4334 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4335 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4336 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4337 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4339 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4340 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4343 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4344 "specified packages with a specified version or version range. For example, "
4345 "the following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4346 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4347 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by "
4350 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4351 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4352 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4353 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4354 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4357 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4361 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4362 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4364 "<programlisting>\n"
4366 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4367 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4370 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4373 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4374 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4375 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4376 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4377 "fully qualified domain name."
4379 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4380 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4381 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4382 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4383 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4385 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4386 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4389 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4390 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4391 "all package versions available from the local site."
4393 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4394 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4395 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4399 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4403 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4404 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4406 "<programlisting>\n"
4408 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4409 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4412 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4414 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4415 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4416 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4417 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4420 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4421 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4425 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4426 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4428 "<programlisting>\n"
4430 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4431 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4433 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4434 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4437 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4438 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4439 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4440 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4443 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4444 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4445 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4446 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4447 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4448 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4450 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4451 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4454 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4455 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4458 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4459 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4460 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4463 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4467 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4468 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4470 "<programlisting>\n"
4472 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4473 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4475 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4476 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4479 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4480 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4483 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4484 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4485 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4487 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4488 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4492 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4493 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4495 "<programlisting>\n"
4497 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4498 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4501 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4504 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4505 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4506 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>&stable-version;</literal>\"."
4508 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4509 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4510 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4513 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4514 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4518 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4519 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4521 "<programlisting>\n"
4523 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
4524 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4527 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4529 "The effect of the comma operator is similar to an \"and\" in logic: All "
4530 "conditions must be satisfied for the pin to match. There is one exception: "
4531 "For any type of condition (such as two \"a\" conditions), only the last such "
4532 "condition is checked."
4535 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4536 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4537 msgid "Regular expressions and &glob; syntax"
4540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4541 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4543 "APT also supports pinning by &glob; expressions, and regular expressions "
4544 "surrounded by slashes. For example, the following example assigns the "
4545 "priority 500 to all packages from experimental where the name starts with "
4546 "gnome (as a &glob;-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX "
4547 "extended regular expression surrounded by slashes)."
4550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4551 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4554 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4555 "Pin: release a=experimental\n"
4556 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4558 "<programlisting>\n"
4560 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4561 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4564 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4566 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4567 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4568 "packages from a release starting with &ubuntu-codename;."
4571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4572 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4576 "Pin: release n=&ubuntu-codename;*\n"
4577 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4579 "<programlisting>\n"
4581 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4582 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4584 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4585 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4587 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4588 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4589 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4590 "the future; thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4591 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4592 "Package field is not considered a &glob; expression in itself."
4595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4596 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4598 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
4599 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
4601 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4602 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4605 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
4606 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
4608 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
4609 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
4610 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
4612 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4613 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4614 msgid "P >= 1000"
4615 msgstr "P >= 1000"
4617 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4618 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4621 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
4624 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
4625 "dowgrade do pacote"
4627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4628 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4629 msgid "990 <= P < 1000"
4630 msgstr "990 <= P < 1000"
4632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4633 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4636 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
4637 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
4639 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
4640 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4642 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4643 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4644 msgid "500 <= P < 990"
4645 msgstr "500 <= P < 990"
4647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4648 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4651 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4652 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
4654 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4655 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
4657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4658 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4659 msgid "100 <= P < 500"
4660 msgstr "100 <= P < 500"
4662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4663 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4666 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
4667 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
4669 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
4670 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
4673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4674 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4675 msgid "0 < P < 100"
4676 msgstr "0 < P < 100"
4678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4679 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4682 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
4685 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
4686 "instalada do pacote"
4688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4689 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4694 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4696 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
4697 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
4699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4700 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4705 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4706 msgid "has undefined behaviour, do not use it."
4709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4710 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4713 "The first specific-form record matching an available package version "
4714 "determines the priority of the package version. Failing that, the priority "
4715 "of the package is defined as the maximum of all priorities defined by "
4716 "generic-form records matching the version. Records defined using patterns "
4717 "in the Pin field other than \"*\" are treated like specific-form records."
4719 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
4720 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
4721 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
4722 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
4723 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
4724 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
4726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4727 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4730 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
4731 "presented earlier:"
4733 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
4734 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
4736 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4737 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4741 "Pin: version &good-perl;*\n"
4742 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4745 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4746 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4749 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4750 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4752 "<programlisting>\n"
4754 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4755 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4758 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4759 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4762 "Pin: release unstable\n"
4763 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4765 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4766 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4771 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4774 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
4775 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
4776 "\"<literal>&good-perl;</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> &good-perl;"
4777 "* version of <literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version "
4778 "is &bad-perl;*, then <literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
4780 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
4781 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
4782 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
4783 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
4784 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
4786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4787 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4790 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
4791 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
4792 "versions belonging to the target release."
4794 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
4795 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
4796 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
4798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4799 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4802 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
4803 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
4804 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
4805 "and no version of the package is already installed."
4807 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
4808 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
4809 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
4810 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
4813 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4814 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4816 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
4817 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
4819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4820 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4823 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
4824 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
4825 "describe the packages available at that location."
4827 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
4828 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
4829 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
4831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4832 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4835 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4836 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
4837 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
4838 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
4839 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
4840 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
4841 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4843 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
4844 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
4845 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
4846 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
4847 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
4848 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
4849 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
4852 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4853 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4855 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
4856 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
4858 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4859 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4861 msgid "gives the package name"
4862 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
4864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4865 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4867 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
4868 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
4870 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4871 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4873 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
4874 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
4876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4877 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4880 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
4881 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
4882 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
4883 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
4884 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
4885 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
4886 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
4887 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
4889 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
4890 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
4891 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
4892 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
4893 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
4894 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
4895 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
4896 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
4899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4900 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4902 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
4903 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
4905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4906 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4909 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4910 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
4911 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4912 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
4913 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
4916 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4917 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4918 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4919 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4920 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4921 "requerer a linha :"
4923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4924 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4926 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4928 "<programlisting>\n"
4929 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4932 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4934 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
4935 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
4937 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4938 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4941 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
4942 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
4943 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
4944 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
4945 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
4946 "preferences file would require the line:"
4948 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
4949 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
4950 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
4951 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
4952 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
4953 "requerer a linha :"
4955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4956 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4958 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4960 "<programlisting>\n"
4961 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
4963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4964 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4967 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
4968 "belong to Debian release version &stable-version;. Note that there is "
4969 "normally no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and "
4970 "<literal>unstable</literal> distributions because they have not been "
4971 "released yet. Specifying this in the APT preferences file would require one "
4972 "of the following lines."
4974 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
4975 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente não existe "
4976 "número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> e "
4977 "<literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas ainda. "
4978 "Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma das "
4981 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
4982 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4985 "Pin: release v=&stable-version;\n"
4986 "Pin: release a=stable, v=&stable-version;\n"
4987 "Pin: release &stable-version;\n"
4989 "<programlisting>\n"
4990 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
4991 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
4992 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
4994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4995 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
4997 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
4998 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5001 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5004 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5005 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5006 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5007 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5008 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5009 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5011 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5012 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5013 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5014 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5015 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5016 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5017 "requerer a linha :"
5019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5020 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5022 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5024 "<programlisting>\n"
5025 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5027 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5028 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5030 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5031 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5033 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5034 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5037 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5038 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5039 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5042 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5043 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5044 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5045 "requerer a linha :"
5047 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5048 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5050 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5052 "<programlisting>\n"
5053 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5055 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5056 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5058 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5059 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5062 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5065 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5066 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5067 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5070 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5071 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5072 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5075 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5077 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5079 "<programlisting>\n"
5080 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5083 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5086 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5087 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5088 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5089 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5090 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5091 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5092 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5093 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5094 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5095 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5097 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5098 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5099 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5100 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5101 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5102 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5103 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5104 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5105 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5106 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5109 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5111 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5112 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5115 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5118 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5119 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5120 "provides a place for comments."
5122 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5123 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5124 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5126 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5127 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5129 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5130 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5133 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5136 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5137 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5139 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5140 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5143 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5144 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5146 "<programlisting>\n"
5147 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5148 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5150 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5151 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5154 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5155 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5158 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5161 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5162 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5163 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5164 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5165 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5167 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5168 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5169 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5170 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5171 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5174 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5177 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5179 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5181 "<programlisting>\n"
5182 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5184 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5186 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5187 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5190 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5191 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5192 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5195 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5196 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5197 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5199 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5200 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5202 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5204 "<programlisting>\n"
5205 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5208 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5211 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5212 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5213 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5214 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5216 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5217 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5218 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5220 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5221 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5223 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5224 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5227 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5231 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5232 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5235 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5236 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5239 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5240 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5242 "<programlisting>\n"
5244 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5245 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5248 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5249 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5252 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5253 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5255 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5256 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5259 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5260 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5261 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5262 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5263 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5264 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5266 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5267 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5268 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5269 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5270 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5273 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5276 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5277 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5278 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5281 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5282 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para "
5283 "a(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5286 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5288 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5290 "<programlisting>\n"
5291 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5294 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5297 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5298 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5299 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5300 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5301 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5302 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5303 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5305 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5306 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5307 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5308 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5309 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5310 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5311 "recente que a versão instalada."
5313 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5314 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5315 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5318 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5319 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5322 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5323 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5325 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5326 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5328 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5330 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5331 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5334 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5335 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5337 "<programlisting>\n"
5338 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5339 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5341 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5342 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5345 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5346 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5349 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5351 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5352 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5353 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5354 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5355 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5356 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5357 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5358 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5359 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5360 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5364 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5367 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5368 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5369 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5370 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5372 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5373 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5374 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5376 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5377 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5379 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5381 "<programlisting>\n"
5382 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5384 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5385 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5388 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5389 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5390 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5391 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5392 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5393 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5394 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5396 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5397 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5398 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5399 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5400 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5401 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5402 "recente que a versão instalada."
5404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5405 #: apt_preferences.5.xml
5407 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5408 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5410 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5411 #: sources.list.5.xml
5412 msgid "List of configured APT data sources"
5415 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5416 #: sources.list.5.xml
5418 "The source list <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> and the the files "
5419 "contained in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename> are designed to "
5420 "support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The "
5421 "files list one source per line (one line style) or contain multiline stanzas "
5422 "defining one or more sources per stanza (deb822 style), with the most "
5423 "preferred source listed first (in case a single version is available from "
5424 "more than one source). The information available from the configured sources "
5425 "is acquired by <command>apt-get update</command> (or by an equivalent "
5426 "command from another APT front-end)."
5429 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5430 #: sources.list.5.xml
5431 msgid "sources.list.d"
5434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5435 #: sources.list.5.xml
5437 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5438 "add sources.list entries in separate files. Two different file formats are "
5439 "allowed as described in the next two sections. Filenames need to have "
5440 "either the extension <filename>.list</filename> or <filename>.sources</"
5441 "filename> depending on the contained format. The filenames may only contain "
5442 "letters (a-z and A-Z), digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period "
5443 "(.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a "
5444 "file, unless that file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-"
5445 "Silently</literal> configuration list - in which case it will be silently "
5449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5450 #: sources.list.5.xml
5451 msgid "one line style format"
5454 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5455 #: sources.list.5.xml
5457 "Files in this format have the extension <filename>.list</filename>. Each "
5458 "line specifying a source starts with a type (e.g. <literal>deb-src</"
5459 "literal>) followed by options and arguments for this type. Individual "
5460 "entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines are ignored, "
5461 "and a <literal>#</literal> character anywhere on a line marks the remainder "
5462 "of that line as a comment. Consequently an entry can be disabled by "
5463 "commenting out the entire line. If options should be provided they are "
5464 "separated by spaces and all of them together are enclosed by square brackets "
5465 "(<literal>[]</literal>) included in the line after the type separated from "
5466 "it with a space. If an option allows multiple values these are separated "
5467 "from each other with a comma (<literal>,</literal>). An option name is "
5468 "separated from its value(s) by a equal sign (<literal>=</literal>). "
5469 "Multivalue options have also <literal>-=</literal> and <literal>+=</literal> "
5470 "as separator which instead of replacing the default with the given value(s) "
5471 "modify the default value(s) to remove or include the given values."
5474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5475 #: sources.list.5.xml
5477 "This is the traditional format and supported by all apt versions. Note that "
5478 "not all options as described below are supported by all apt versions. Note "
5479 "also that some older applications parsing this format on its own might not "
5480 "expect to encounter options as they were uncommon before the introduction of "
5481 "multi-architecture support."
5484 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5485 #: sources.list.5.xml
5486 msgid "deb822 style format"
5489 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5490 #: sources.list.5.xml
5492 "Files in this format have the extension <filename>.sources</filename>. The "
5493 "format is similar in syntax to other files used by Debian and its "
5494 "derivatives, like the metadata itself apt will download from the configured "
5495 "sources or the <filename>debian/control</filename> file in a Debian source "
5496 "package. Individual entries are separated by an empty line, additional "
5497 "empty lines are ignored, and a <literal>#</literal> character at the start "
5498 "of the line marks the entire line as a comment. An entry can hence be "
5499 "disabled by commenting out each line belonging to the stanza, but it is "
5500 "usually easier to add the field \"Enabled: no\" to the stanza to disable the "
5501 "entry. Removing the field or setting it to yes reenables it. Options have "
5502 "the same syntax as every other field: A fieldname separated by a colon "
5503 "(<literal>:</literal>) and optionally spaces from its value(s). Note "
5504 "especially that multiple values are separated by spaces, not by commas as in "
5505 "the one line format. Multivalue fields like <literal>Architectures</literal> "
5506 "also have <literal>Architectures-Add</literal> and <literal>Architectures-"
5507 "Remove</literal> to modify the default value rather than replacing it."
5510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5511 #: sources.list.5.xml
5513 "This is a new format supported by apt itself since version 1.1. Previous "
5514 "versions ignore such files with a notice message as described earlier. It "
5515 "is intended to make this format gradually the default format and deprecating "
5516 "the previously described one line style format as it is easier to create, "
5517 "extend and modify by humans and machines alike especially if a lot of "
5518 "sources and/or options are involved. Developers who are working with and/or "
5519 "parsing apt sources are highly encouraged to add support for this format and "
5520 "to contact the APT team to coordinate and share this work. Users can freely "
5521 "adopt this format already, but could encounter problems with software not "
5522 "supporting the format yet."
5525 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5526 #: sources.list.5.xml
5527 msgid "The deb and deb-src types: General Format"
5530 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5531 #: sources.list.5.xml
5533 "The <literal>deb</literal> type references a typical two-level Debian "
5534 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. The "
5535 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally a suite name like "
5536 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5537 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5538 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal>, "
5539 "<literal>contrib</literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-"
5540 "src</literal> type references a Debian distribution's source code in the "
5541 "same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> "
5542 "line is required to fetch source indexes."
5545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5546 #: sources.list.5.xml
5548 "The format for two one line style entries using the <literal>deb</literal> "
5549 "and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5552 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5553 #: sources.list.5.xml
5556 "deb [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]\n"
5557 "deb-src [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]"
5560 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5561 #: sources.list.5.xml
5564 " Types: deb deb-src\n"
5567 " Components: [component1] [component2] [...]\n"
5568 " option1: value1\n"
5569 " option2: value2\n"
5573 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5574 #: sources.list.5.xml
5576 "Alternatively the equivalent entry in deb822 style looks like this: "
5577 "<placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
5580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5581 #: sources.list.5.xml
5583 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5584 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5585 "<literal>suite</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5586 "components must be omitted and <literal>suite</literal> must end with a "
5587 "slash (<literal>/</literal>). This is useful for the case when only a "
5588 "particular sub-directory of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. "
5589 "If <literal>suite</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one "
5590 "<literal>component</literal> must be present."
5593 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5594 #: sources.list.5.xml
5596 "<literal>suite</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)</"
5597 "literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (such as <literal>amd64</"
5598 "literal> or <literal>armel</literal>) used on the system. This permits "
5599 "architecture-independent <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. "
5600 "In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path, "
5601 "<literal>APT</literal> will automatically generate a URI with the current "
5602 "architecture otherwise."
5605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5606 #: sources.list.5.xml
5608 "Especially in the one line style format since only one distribution can be "
5609 "specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for the same "
5610 "URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at that "
5611 "location is desired. APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a "
5612 "complete set internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same "
5613 "Internet host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not "
5614 "inefficiently establish a connection, close it, do something else, and then "
5615 "re-establish a connection to that same host. APT also parallelizes "
5616 "connections to different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low "
5620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5621 #: sources.list.5.xml
5623 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5624 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5625 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5626 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5630 #: sources.list.5.xml
5632 msgid "&sourceslist-list-format;"
5635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5636 #: sources.list.5.xml
5638 msgid "&sourceslist-sources-format;"
5641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5642 #: sources.list.5.xml
5644 "As an example, the sources for your distribution could look like this in one "
5645 "line style format: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or like "
5646 "this in deb822 style format: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"1\"/>"
5649 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5650 #: sources.list.5.xml
5651 msgid "The deb and deb-src types: Options"
5654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5655 #: sources.list.5.xml
5657 "Each source entry can have options specified modifying which and how the "
5658 "source is accessed and data acquired from it. Format, syntax and names of "
5659 "the options varies between the two formats one line and deb822 style as "
5660 "described, but they have both the same options available. For simplicity we "
5661 "list the deb822 fieldname and provide the one line name in brackets. "
5662 "Remember that beside setting multivalue options explicitly, there is also "
5663 "the option to modify them based on the default, but we aren't listing those "
5664 "names explicitly here. Unsupported options are silently ignored by all APT "
5668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5669 #: sources.list.5.xml
5671 "<option>Architectures</option> (<option>arch</option>) is a multivalue "
5672 "option defining for which architectures information should be downloaded. If "
5673 "this option isn't set the default is all architectures as defined by the "
5674 "<option>APT::Architectures</option> config option."
5677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5678 #: sources.list.5.xml
5680 "<option>Languages</option> (<option>lang</option>) is a multivalue option "
5681 "defining for which languages information like translated package "
5682 "descriptions should be downloaded. If this option isn't set the default is "
5683 "all languages as defined by the <option>Acquire::Languages</option> config "
5687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5688 #: sources.list.5.xml
5690 "<option>Targets</option> (<option>target</option>) is a multivalue option "
5691 "defining which download targets apt will try to acquire from this source. If "
5692 "not specified, the default set is defined by the <option>Acquire::"
5693 "IndexTargets</option> configuration scope. Aditionally, specific targets "
5694 "can be enabled or disabled by using the identifier as field name instead of "
5695 "using this multivalue option."
5698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5699 #: sources.list.5.xml
5701 "<option>PDiffs</option> (<option>pdiffs</option>) is a yes/no value which "
5702 "controls if APT should try to use PDiffs to update old indexes instead of "
5703 "downloading the new indexes entirely. The value of this option is ignored if "
5704 "the repository doesn't announce the availability of PDiffs. Defaults to the "
5705 "value of the option with the same name for a specific index file defined in "
5706 "the <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</option> scope, which itself default to "
5707 "the value of configuration option <option>Acquire::PDiffs</option> which "
5708 "defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5711 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5712 #: sources.list.5.xml
5714 "<option>By-Hash</option> (<option>by-hash</option>) can have the value \"yes"
5715 "\", \"no\" or \"force\" and controls if APT should try to acquire indexes "
5716 "via an URI constructed from a hashsum of the expected file instead of using "
5717 "the well-known stable filename of the index. Using this can avoid hashsum "
5718 "mismatches, but requires a supporting mirror. The value \"yes\"/\"no\" "
5719 "activates/disables the use of this feature if this source indicates support "
5720 "for it, while \"force\" will enable the feature regardless of what the "
5721 "source indicates. Defaults to the value of the option of the same name for "
5722 "a specific index file defined in the <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</option> "
5723 "scope, which itself defaults to the value of configuration option "
5724 "<option>Acquire::By-Hash</option> which defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5728 #: sources.list.5.xml
5730 "Further more, there are options which if set effect <emphasis>all</emphasis> "
5731 "sources with the same URI and Suite, so they have to be set on all such "
5732 "entries and can not be varied between different components. APT will try to "
5733 "detect and error out on such anomalies."
5736 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5737 #: sources.list.5.xml
5739 "<option>Signed-By</option> (<option>signed-by</option>) is either an "
5740 "absolute path to a keyring file (has to be accessible and readable for the "
5741 "<literal>_apt</literal> user, so ensure everyone has read-permissions on the "
5742 "file) or a fingerprint of a key in either the <filename>trusted.gpg</"
5743 "filename> keyring or in one of the keyrings in the <filename>trusted.gpg.d/</"
5744 "filename> directory (see <command>apt-key fingerprint</command>). If the "
5745 "option is set only the key(s) in this keyring or only the key with this "
5746 "fingerprint is used for the &apt-secure; verification of this repository. "
5747 "Otherwise all keys in the trusted keyrings are considered valid signers for "
5751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5752 #: sources.list.5.xml
5754 "<option>Check-Valid-Until</option> (<option>check-valid-until</option>) is "
5755 "a yes/no value which controls if APT should try to detect replay attacks. A "
5756 "repository creator can declare until then the data provided in the "
5757 "repository should be considered valid and if this time is reached, but no "
5758 "new data is provided the data is considered expired and an error is raised. "
5759 "Beside increasing security as a malicious attacker can't sent old data "
5760 "forever denying a user to be able to upgrade to a new version, this also "
5761 "helps users identify mirrors which are no longer updated. Some repositories "
5762 "like historic archives aren't updated anymore by design through, so this "
5763 "check can be disabled by setting this option to <literal>no</literal>. "
5764 "Defaults to the value of configuration option <option>Acquire::Check-Valid-"
5765 "Until</option> which itself defaults to <literal>yes</literal>."
5768 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5769 #: sources.list.5.xml
5771 "<option>Valid-Until-Min</option> (<option>valid-until-min</option>) and "
5772 "<option>Valid-Until-Max</option> (<option>valid-until-max</option>) can be "
5773 "used to raise or lower the time period in seconds in which the data from "
5774 "this repository is considered valid. -Max can be especially useful if the "
5775 "repository provides no Valid-Until field on its Release file to set your own "
5776 "value, while -Min can be used to increase the valid time on seldom updated "
5777 "(local) mirrors of a more frequently updated but less accessible archive "
5778 "(which is in the sources.list as well) instead of disabling the check "
5779 "entirely. Default to the value of the configuration options "
5780 "<option>Acquire::Min-ValidTime</option> and <option>Acquire::Max-ValidTime</"
5781 "option> which are both unset by default."
5784 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5785 #: sources.list.5.xml
5786 msgid "URI specification"
5789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5790 #: sources.list.5.xml
5791 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
5794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5795 #: sources.list.5.xml
5797 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5798 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
5802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5803 #: sources.list.5.xml
5805 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media swapping. "
5806 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
5809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5810 #: sources.list.5.xml
5812 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
5813 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
5814 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
5815 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
5816 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
5820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5821 #: sources.list.5.xml
5823 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
5824 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
5825 "Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified by using the "
5826 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify an "
5827 "HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using this "
5828 "environment variable and <emphasis>only</emphasis> this environment "
5829 "variable. Proxies using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be "
5833 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5834 #: sources.list.5.xml
5836 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
5837 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
5838 "This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with "
5842 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5843 #: sources.list.5.xml
5845 "The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and access "
5846 "the files as a given user. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys is "
5847 "recommended. The standard <command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> "
5848 "commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host."
5851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5852 #: sources.list.5.xml
5853 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
5856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5857 #: sources.list.5.xml
5859 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, "
5860 "which should follow the naming scheme <package>apt-transport-"
5861 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. For instance, the APT team "
5862 "also maintains the package <package>apt-transport-https</package>, which "
5863 "provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http "
5864 "method. Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available - see &apt-"
5865 "transport-debtorrent;."
5868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5869 #: sources.list.5.xml
5871 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/apt/debian for "
5872 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
5875 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5876 #: sources.list.5.xml
5878 msgid "deb file:/home/apt/debian stable main contrib non-free"
5881 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5882 #: sources.list.5.xml
5886 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
5888 "Components: main contrib non-free"
5891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5892 #: sources.list.5.xml
5893 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
5896 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5897 #: sources.list.5.xml
5899 msgid "deb file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5902 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5903 #: sources.list.5.xml
5907 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
5908 "Suites: unstable\n"
5909 "Components: main contrib non-free"
5912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5913 #: sources.list.5.xml
5914 msgid "Source line for the above"
5917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5918 #: sources.list.5.xml
5920 msgid "deb-src file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5924 #: sources.list.5.xml
5928 "URIs: file:/home/apt/debian\n"
5929 "Suites: unstable\n"
5930 "Components: main contrib non-free"
5933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5934 #: sources.list.5.xml
5936 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
5937 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
5938 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
5941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5942 #: sources.list.5.xml
5945 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
5946 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
5949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5950 #: sources.list.5.xml
5954 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
5955 "Suites: &stable-codename;\n"
5956 "Components: main\n"
5959 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
5960 "Suites: &stable-codename;\n"
5961 "Components: main\n"
5962 "Architectures: amd64 armel\n"
5965 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5966 #: sources.list.5.xml
5968 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
5972 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5973 #: sources.list.5.xml
5975 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
5978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5979 #: sources.list.5.xml
5983 "URIs: http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive\n"
5988 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5989 #: sources.list.5.xml
5991 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5992 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
5995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5996 #: sources.list.5.xml
5998 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
6001 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6002 #: sources.list.5.xml
6006 "URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian\n"
6007 "Suites: &stable-codename;\n"
6008 "Components: contrib"
6011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6012 #: sources.list.5.xml
6014 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6015 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
6016 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
6017 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
6020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6021 #: sources.list.5.xml
6023 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6027 #: sources.list.5.xml
6031 "URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian\n"
6032 "Suites: unstable\n"
6033 "Components: contrib"
6036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6037 #: sources.list.5.xml
6039 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6042 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6043 #: sources.list.5.xml
6047 "URIs: http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe\n"
6048 "Suites: unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6051 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6052 #: sources.list.5.xml
6054 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6055 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6056 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6057 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6058 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6059 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6060 "id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"1\"/>"
6063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6064 #: sources.list.5.xml
6066 "Uses HTTP to get binary packages as well as sources from the stable, testing "
6067 "and unstable suites and the components main and contrib."
6070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6071 #: sources.list.5.xml
6074 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib\n"
6075 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib\n"
6076 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib\n"
6077 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib\n"
6078 "deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib\n"
6079 "deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib"
6082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6083 #: sources.list.5.xml
6086 "Types: deb deb-src\n"
6087 "URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian\n"
6088 "Suites: stable testing unstable\n"
6089 "Components: main contrib\n"
6092 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6093 #: sources.list.5.xml
6095 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-conf;"
6096 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
6099 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml apt-sortpkgs.1.xml apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6104 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6106 "Utility to extract <command>debconf</command> config and templates from "
6110 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6111 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6113 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
6114 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
6115 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
6116 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
6120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6121 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6122 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
6125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6126 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6128 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
6129 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
6130 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
6131 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXXXX</filename> and "
6132 "<filename>package.config.XXXXXX</filename>"
6135 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6136 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6138 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted <command>debconf</command> "
6139 "template files and config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6140 "ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>"
6143 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6144 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml
6146 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
6147 "decimal 100 on error."
6150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6151 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6152 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
6155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6156 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6158 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (source index or "
6159 "package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
6160 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
6161 "internal sorting rules."
6164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6165 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6167 "All output is sent to standard output; the input must be a seekable file."
6170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6171 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6173 "Use source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6174 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
6177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6178 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml
6180 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6184 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
6185 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6186 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
6189 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6190 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6192 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
6193 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
6194 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
6198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6199 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6201 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
6202 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
6203 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
6204 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
6205 "generation process for a complete archive."
6208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6209 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6211 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
6212 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
6213 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
6214 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
6218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6219 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6221 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
6222 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
6223 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
6224 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
6227 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6228 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6230 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
6233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6234 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6236 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
6237 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
6238 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
6239 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
6242 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6243 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6245 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
6246 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
6247 "change the source override file that will be used."
6250 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6251 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6253 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
6254 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
6255 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
6256 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
6257 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
6258 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
6261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6262 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6264 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
6265 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
6266 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and "
6267 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
6268 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
6269 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
6270 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
6271 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
6272 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a <filename>Release</filename> file "
6273 "containing (by default) an MD5, SHA1, SHA256 and SHA512 digest for each file."
6276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6277 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6279 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
6280 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
6281 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
6282 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
6283 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
6284 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
6285 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
6286 "<literal>Description</literal>."
6289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6290 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6292 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
6293 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
6294 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
6295 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
6296 "maintaining the required settings."
6299 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6300 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6302 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
6303 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
6306 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6307 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6308 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
6311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6312 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6314 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
6315 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
6316 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
6317 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
6318 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
6319 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
6322 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6323 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6325 "The generate configuration has four separate sections, each described below."
6328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6329 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6331 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
6332 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
6334 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6335 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6337 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
6338 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
6339 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
6340 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
6343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6344 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6346 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
6347 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
6351 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6352 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6353 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
6356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6357 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6358 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files."
6361 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6362 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6364 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
6365 "literal> setting is used below."
6368 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6369 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6371 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
6372 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6374 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6375 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6377 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
6378 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
6379 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
6382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6383 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6385 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the package index files. It "
6386 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
6387 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
6391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6392 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6394 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
6395 "defaults to '.deb'."
6398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6399 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6401 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6402 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
6405 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6406 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6408 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
6409 "defaults to '.dsc'."
6412 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6413 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6415 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6416 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
6419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6420 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6422 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
6423 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
6426 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6427 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6429 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
6430 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
6431 "Links</literal> setting."
6434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6435 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6437 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
6438 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
6441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6442 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6444 "Specifies whether long descriptions should be included in the "
6445 "<filename>Packages</filename> file or split out into a master "
6446 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file."
6449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6450 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6452 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
6453 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6455 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6456 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6458 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
6459 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
6460 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
6463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6464 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6466 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
6467 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
6471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6472 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6474 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
6475 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
6476 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
6477 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
6478 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
6479 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
6482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6483 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6485 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
6486 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
6489 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6490 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6492 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
6493 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
6496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6497 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6499 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6500 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
6503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6504 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6506 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6507 "source/Sources</filename>"
6510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6511 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6513 "Sets the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if "
6514 "they should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>"
6515 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
6518 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6519 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6521 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
6522 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
6526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6527 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6529 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
6530 "Contents-$(ARCH)</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files "
6531 "to map onto a single Contents file (as is the default) then <command>apt-"
6532 "ftparchive</command> will integrate those package files together "
6536 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6537 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6538 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
6541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6542 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6544 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
6545 "can share the same database."
6548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6549 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6551 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6552 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6553 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
6556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6557 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6559 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
6560 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
6561 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
6562 "when processing source indexes."
6565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6566 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6568 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
6569 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
6571 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6572 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6574 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
6575 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
6576 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
6577 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
6581 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6582 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6584 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
6585 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
6586 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
6587 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
6590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6591 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6593 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
6594 "can be used in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
6598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
6599 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6602 "for i in Sections do \n"
6603 " for j in Architectures do\n"
6604 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
6608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6609 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6611 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
6612 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
6616 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6617 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6619 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
6620 "distribution; typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
6624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6625 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6627 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
6628 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
6629 "this tree has a source archive."
6632 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6633 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6635 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
6636 "and maintainer address information."
6639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6640 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6642 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
6646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6647 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6648 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
6651 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6652 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6653 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
6656 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
6657 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6659 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
6660 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
6662 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
6663 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6665 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
6666 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
6667 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
6668 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
6669 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
6672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6673 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6674 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
6677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6678 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6680 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
6681 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
6684 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6685 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6686 msgid "Sets the Contents file output (optional)."
6689 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6690 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6691 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
6694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6695 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6696 msgid "Sets the source override file."
6699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6700 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6701 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
6704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6705 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6706 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
6709 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6710 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6711 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
6714 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6715 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6716 msgid "The Binary Override File"
6719 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6720 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6722 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
6723 "contains four fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package "
6724 "name, the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the "
6725 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
6726 "permutation field."
6729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6730 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6732 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
6735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6736 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6741 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6742 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6744 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
6745 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6746 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
6747 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
6748 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
6752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6753 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6754 msgid "The Source Override File"
6757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6758 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6760 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
6761 "contains two fields separated by spaces. The first field is the source "
6762 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
6765 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6766 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6767 msgid "The Extra Override File"
6770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6771 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6773 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
6774 "the output. It has three columns, the first is the package, the second is "
6775 "the tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
6778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6779 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6781 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
6782 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
6783 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
6784 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
6785 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
6786 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
6787 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
6788 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
6789 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal>, <literal>SHA256</literal> "
6790 "or <literal>SHA512</literal>."
6793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6794 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6796 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
6797 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
6800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6801 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6803 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
6804 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
6805 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
6806 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
6809 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6810 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6812 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
6813 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
6814 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
6815 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
6818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6819 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6821 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
6822 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
6823 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
6824 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
6825 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
6828 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6829 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6831 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
6832 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
6836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6837 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6839 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
6840 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
6843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6844 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6846 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
6847 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
6848 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
6849 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
6852 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6853 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6855 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
6856 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
6857 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
6858 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
6859 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
6860 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
6861 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
6862 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
6866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6867 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6869 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
6870 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
6871 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
6872 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
6873 "in the generate command."
6876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
6877 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6879 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
6882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6883 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6885 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
6886 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
6889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6890 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml
6892 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
6896 #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
6897 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
6901 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
6903 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6906 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><personname>
6907 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
6908 msgid "Jason Gunthorpe"
6911 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><email>
6912 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
6913 msgid "jgg@debian.org"
6916 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
6917 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
6918 msgid "Version &apt-product-version;"
6921 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
6924 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6927 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
6930 "<copyright><year>1998</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
6933 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><title>
6934 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
6935 msgid "License Notice"
6938 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
6939 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
6941 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6942 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6943 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6944 "or (at your option) any later version."
6947 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
6948 #: guide.dbk offline.dbk
6950 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/common-licenses/"
6951 "GPL for the full license."
6954 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
6959 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
6962 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <command>dselect</"
6963 "command> method and the <command>apt-get</command> command line user "
6964 "interface. Both provide a way to install and remove packages as well as "
6965 "download new packages from the Internet."
6968 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
6970 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6973 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6976 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6977 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6978 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6981 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6984 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6985 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6986 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6987 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6988 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6991 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
6994 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6995 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6996 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
7000 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7003 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
7004 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
7005 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
7006 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
7009 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7012 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
7013 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
7014 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
7015 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
7016 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
7017 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
7018 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
7019 "other mail transport agents."
7022 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7025 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
7026 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
7027 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
7028 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
7029 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
7030 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
7031 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
7032 "trying to manually fix packages."
7035 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7038 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
7039 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
7040 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
7041 "packages for installation."
7044 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7049 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7052 "<command>apt-get</command> provides a simple way to install packages from "
7053 "the command line. Unlike <command>dpkg</command>, <command>apt-get</command> "
7054 "does not understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and "
7055 "can only install .deb archives from a <emphasis>Source</emphasis>."
7058 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
7061 "If you are using an http proxy server you must set the http_proxy "
7062 "environment variable first, see sources.list(5)"
7065 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7068 "The first <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> thing that should be "
7069 "done before using <command>apt-get</command> is to fetch the package lists "
7070 "from the <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> so that it knows what packages are "
7071 "available. This is done with <literal>apt-get update</literal>. For instance,"
7074 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7078 "# apt-get update\n"
7079 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7080 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7081 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7082 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7085 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7087 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
7090 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7095 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7098 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
7099 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
7100 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
7101 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
7102 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
7103 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <command>dselect</"
7104 "command> or <literal>apt-get install</literal> can be used to force these "
7105 "packages to install."
7108 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7113 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7116 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
7117 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
7118 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
7119 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
7120 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
7121 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
7122 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
7125 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
7127 msgid "dist-upgrade"
7130 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7133 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
7134 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
7135 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
7136 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
7137 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
7138 "<command>dselect</command>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then "
7139 "<command>dselect</command> can be used to install any packages that may have "
7143 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
7146 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
7147 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
7150 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7153 "<command>apt-get</command> has several command line options that are "
7154 "detailed in its man page, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
7155 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The most useful "
7156 "option is <literal>-d</literal> which does not install the fetched files. If "
7157 "the system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired "
7158 "to start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <literal>-d</"
7159 "literal> is used the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running "
7160 "the command that caused them to be downloaded again without <literal>-d</"
7164 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7169 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7172 "The APT <command>dselect</command> method provides the complete APT system "
7173 "with the <command>dselect</command> package selection GUI. <command>dselect</"
7174 "command> is used to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT "
7175 "actually installs them."
7178 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7181 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <command>dselect</"
7182 "command> and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
7183 "<emphasis>Sources</emphasis> which are places to fetch archives from. These "
7184 "can be remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CD-ROMs. Each source "
7185 "can provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
7186 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CD-ROM then "
7187 "it is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
7188 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
7189 "your CD-ROM before downloading from the Internet."
7192 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7196 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
7198 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
7199 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
7202 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
7203 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
7204 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
7207 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:\n"
7210 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7213 "The <emphasis>Sources</emphasis> setup starts by asking for the base of the "
7214 "Debian archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the "
7215 "distribution to get."
7218 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7222 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
7223 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
7224 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
7226 " Distribution [stable]:\n"
7229 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7232 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, "
7233 "<emphasis>stable</emphasis> refers to the latest released version and "
7234 "<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> refers to the developmental version. "
7235 "<emphasis>non-US</emphasis> is only available on some mirrors and refers to "
7236 "packages that contain encryption technology or other things that cannot be "
7237 "exported from the United States. Importing these packages into the US is "
7241 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><screen>
7245 " Please give the components to get\n"
7246 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
7248 " Components [main contrib non-free]:\n"
7251 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7254 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
7255 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
7256 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
7257 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
7260 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7263 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
7264 "until you have specified all that you want."
7267 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7270 "Before starting to use <command>dselect</command> it is necessary to update "
7271 "the available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset "
7272 "of <literal>apt-get update</literal> that makes the fetched information "
7273 "available to <command>dselect</command>. [U]pdate must be performed even if "
7274 "<literal>apt-get update</literal> has been run before."
7277 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7280 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
7281 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
7282 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
7286 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7289 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
7290 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place "
7291 "<literal>Dselect::clean \"prompt\";</literal> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
7294 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7296 msgid "The Interface"
7299 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
7302 "The <command>dselect</command> method actually is a set of wrapper scripts "
7303 "to <command>apt-get</command>. The method actually provides more "
7304 "functionality than is present in <command>apt-get</command> alone."
7307 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
7310 "Both that APT <command>dselect</command> method and <command>apt-get</"
7311 "command> share the same interface. It is a simple system that generally "
7312 "tells you what it will do and then goes and does it. <placeholder type="
7313 "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
7314 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
7315 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
7318 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7323 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7326 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
7327 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
7328 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <literal>apt-get "
7332 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7337 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7338 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7341 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7344 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
7345 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
7346 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
7347 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
7350 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7353 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
7354 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
7355 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
7356 "will be printed out and <command>apt-get</command> will refuse to run."
7359 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7364 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
7365 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
7366 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
7367 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
7368 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
7369 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
7370 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
7371 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
7372 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
7373 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
7374 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
7375 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
7376 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
7377 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)\n"
7380 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7383 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
7384 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
7385 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
7386 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
7387 "problem is also included."
7390 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
7393 "APT however considers all known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken "
7397 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7400 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
7401 "is caused by <command>dpkg</command> missing some subtle relationships "
7402 "between packages when performing upgrades. <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
7403 "\"0\"/>. The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. "
7404 "In this situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents "
7408 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7411 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
7412 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
7413 "supplying the <literal>-f</literal> option to <command>apt-get</command> "
7414 "will cause APT to deduce a possible solution to the problem and then "
7415 "continue on. The APT <command>dselect</command> method always supplies the "
7416 "<literal>-f</literal> option to allow for easy continuation of failed "
7417 "maintainer scripts."
7420 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7423 "However, if the <literal>-f</literal> option is used to correct a seriously "
7424 "broken system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will "
7425 "either fail immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either "
7426 "case it is necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to "
7427 "correct the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
7430 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7432 msgid "The Status Report"
7435 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7438 "Before proceeding <command>apt-get</command> will present a report on what "
7439 "will happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being "
7440 "performed but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists "
7441 "reflect the final state of things, taking into account the <literal>-f</"
7442 "literal> option and any other relevant activities to the command being "
7446 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7448 msgid "The Extra Package list"
7451 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7455 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
7456 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
7457 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
7458 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
7459 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
7463 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7466 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
7467 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
7468 "generated for an <literal>install</literal> command. The listed packages are "
7469 "often the result of an Auto Install."
7472 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7474 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
7477 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7481 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
7482 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
7483 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
7484 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
7485 " nas xpilot xfig\n"
7488 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7491 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
7492 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
7493 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
7494 "The <literal>-f</literal> option is especially good at generating packages "
7495 "to remove so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain "
7496 "packages that are going to be removed because they are only partially "
7497 "installed, possibly due to an aborted installation."
7500 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7502 msgid "The New Packages list"
7505 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7509 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
7510 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base\n"
7513 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7516 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
7517 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
7521 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7523 msgid "The Kept Back list"
7526 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7530 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
7531 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
7532 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver\n"
7535 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7538 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
7539 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
7540 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
7541 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
7542 "to install is with <literal>apt-get install</literal> or by using "
7543 "<command>dselect</command> to resolve their problems."
7546 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7548 msgid "Held Packages warning"
7551 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7555 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
7559 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7562 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
7563 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
7564 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
7567 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
7569 msgid "Final summary"
7572 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7575 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
7578 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
7582 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
7583 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
7584 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used.\n"
7587 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7590 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
7591 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
7592 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
7593 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
7594 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
7595 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
7596 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
7597 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
7598 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
7599 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
7600 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
7601 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
7602 "the amount of space that will be freed."
7605 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
7608 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
7609 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
7612 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7614 msgid "The Status Display"
7617 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7620 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
7624 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7628 "# apt-get update\n"
7629 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7630 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7631 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7632 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7633 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7634 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s\n"
7637 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7640 "The lines starting with <emphasis>Get</emphasis> are printed out when APT "
7641 "begins to fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the "
7642 "download. The first percent value on the progress line indicates the total "
7643 "percent done of all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files "
7644 "is unknown <literal>apt-get update</literal> estimates the percent done "
7645 "which causes some inaccuracies."
7648 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7651 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
7652 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
7653 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
7654 "<emphasis>Forking</emphasis> which means the OS is loading the download "
7655 "module. The first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the "
7656 "history lines. The next word is the short form name of the object being "
7657 "downloaded. For archives it will contain the name of the package that is "
7661 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7664 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
7665 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
7666 "<emphasis>Connecting</emphasis> to <emphasis>Waiting for file</emphasis> to "
7667 "<emphasis>Downloading</emphasis> or <emphasis>Resuming</emphasis>. The final "
7668 "value is the number of bytes downloaded from the remote site. Once the "
7669 "download begins this is represented as <literal>102/10.2k</literal> "
7670 "indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 kilobytes is expected. "
7671 "The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation to preserve space. After "
7672 "the size display is a percent meter for the file itself. The second last "
7673 "element is the instantaneous average speed. This values is updated every 5 "
7674 "seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for that period. Finally is "
7675 "shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated regularly and reflects "
7676 "the time to complete everything at the shown transfer rate."
7679 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7682 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7683 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7684 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7685 "for logging to a file, use the <literal>-q</literal> option to remove the "
7689 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7694 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7697 "APT uses <command>dpkg</command> for installing the archives and will switch "
7698 "over to the <command>dpkg</command> interface once downloading is completed. "
7699 "<command>dpkg</command> will also ask a number of questions as it processes "
7700 "the packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. "
7701 "Before each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and "
7702 "the questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7705 #. type: Content of: <book><title>
7707 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7710 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
7713 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7714 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7717 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
7720 "<copyright><year>1999</year><holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>"
7723 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7725 msgid "Introduction"
7728 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7733 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7736 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7737 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7738 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7739 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7742 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7745 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7746 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7747 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7748 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7749 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7750 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7751 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <emphasis>remote host</"
7752 "emphasis> mean the machine downloading the packages, and <emphasis>target "
7753 "host</emphasis> the one with bad or no connection."
7756 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7759 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7760 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7761 "that the disc should be formatted with a filesystem that can handle long "
7762 "file names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7765 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7767 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7770 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7773 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7774 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7775 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7776 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7779 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7793 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7795 msgid "The configuration file"
7798 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7801 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7802 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7803 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7804 "the status file should be a copy of <emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
7805 "emphasis> from the <emphasis>target host</emphasis>. Please note, if you are "
7806 "using a local archive you must use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to "
7810 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7813 "<emphasis>apt.conf</emphasis> must contain the necessary information to make "
7817 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7823 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7824 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7825 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7827 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7832 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7833 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7834 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7835 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7837 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7838 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7839 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7841 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7842 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7846 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7849 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7850 "configuration file in <emphasis>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</"
7854 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7857 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy "
7858 "<emphasis>/var/lib/dpkg/status</emphasis> to it. You will also need to "
7859 "create the directories outlined in the Overview, <emphasis>archives/partial/"
7860 "</emphasis> and <emphasis>lists/partial/</emphasis>. Then take the disc to "
7861 "the remote machine and configure the sources.list. On the remote machine "
7862 "execute the following:"
7865 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7869 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7870 " # apt-get update\n"
7871 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7872 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7873 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]\n"
7876 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7879 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7880 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7881 "such as <emphasis>dselect</emphasis>. However this presents a problem in "
7882 "communicating your selections back to the local computer."
7885 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7888 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7889 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7892 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7896 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7897 " # apt-get check\n"
7898 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7899 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7900 " [ Or any other APT command ]\n"
7903 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7906 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7907 "local one. This is very important!"
7910 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7913 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7914 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7915 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7916 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7917 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7920 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
7922 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7925 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7928 "<emphasis>wget</emphasis> is a popular and portable download tool that can "
7929 "run on nearly any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the "
7930 "Debian machine already has a list of available packages."
7933 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7936 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7937 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7938 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7942 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
7948 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7951 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7952 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7955 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7959 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7960 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7961 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7962 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script\n"
7965 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7968 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7972 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7975 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7976 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7977 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7978 "output on the disc."
7981 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7983 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7986 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
7991 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7995 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
7998 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7999 "installation can proceed using,"
8002 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
8005 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade\n"
8008 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
8010 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
8015 #~ "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
8018 #~ "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão "
8022 #~ msgid "Some examples:"
8023 #~ msgstr "Exemplos"
8027 #~ "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
8028 #~ "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
8029 #~ "B<reportbug>(1) command."
8032 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
8034 #~ " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do "
8036 #~ " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
8037 #~ " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
8042 #~ msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
8045 #~ " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
8047 #~ " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
8053 #~ "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
8054 #~ "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
8056 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
8058 #~ "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
8059 #~ "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
8062 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
8063 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
8066 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
8068 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
8069 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
8072 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
8073 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
8076 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
8077 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
8080 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
8081 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
8085 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
8086 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
8087 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
8088 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
8090 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
8091 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
8093 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
8095 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
8096 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
8097 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
8102 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
8103 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
8104 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
8105 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
8109 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
8110 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
8114 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
8115 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
8116 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
8117 #~ "release ...</literal>."
8119 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
8120 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
8121 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
8122 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
8127 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
8128 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8129 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
8130 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8132 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
8133 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8134 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
8135 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8137 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
8138 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8139 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
8140 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
8141 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
8142 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8144 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
8145 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8146 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
8147 #~ "configuration \n"
8148 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
8149 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8152 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
8153 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8154 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
8155 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8157 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
8158 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8159 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
8160 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8162 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
8163 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8164 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
8165 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
8166 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
8167 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
8168 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8170 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
8171 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
8172 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
8173 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
8174 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
8177 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
8178 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"