\section{wxString overview}\label{wxstringoverview}
-Classes: \helpref{wxString}{wxstring}
+Classes: \helpref{wxString}{wxstring}, \helpref{wxArrayString}{wxarray}, \helpref{wxStringTokenizer}{wxstringtokenizer}
-TODO.
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+wxString is a class which represents a character string of arbitrary (limited by
+{\it MAX\_INT} which is usually 2147483647 on 32 bit machines) length and containing
+arbitrary characters (i.e. ASCII NUL character is allowed, although care should be
+taken when passing strings containing it to other functions).
+
+wxString only works with ASCII (8 bit characters) strings as of this release,
+however support for UNICODE (16 but characters) is planned for the next one.
+
+This class has all standard operations you can expect to find in a string class:
+dynamic memory management (string extends to accomodate new characters),
+construction from other strings, C strings and characters, assignment operators,
+access to separate characters, string concatenation and comparison, substring
+extraction, case conversion, trimming and padding (with spaces), searching and
+replacing and both C-like \helpref{Printf()}{wxstringprintf} and stream-like
+insertion functions as well as much else - see \helpref{wxString}{wxstring}
+for the list of all functions.
+
+\subsection{Comparison of wxString to other string classes}
+
+The advantages of using a special string class instead of working directly with
+C strings are so obvious (the most imoprtant being, of course, the need to always
+remember to allocate/free memory for C strings unless the programmer prefers
+working with fixed size buffers which almost certainly leads to the dreaded
+buffer overflows) that there is a huge number of such classes available and now,
+finally, C++ even has one (std::string) in standard. Why use wxString then?
+
+There are several advantages:
+
+\begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt
+\item {\bf Efficiency} {This class was made to be as efficient as possible: both
+in terms of size (each wxString objects takes exactly the same place as {\it
+char *} pointer, \helpref{reference counting}{wxstringrefcount}) and speed.
+It also provides performance \helpref{statistics gathering code}{wxstringtuning}
+which may be enabled to fine tune the memory allocation strategy for your
+particular application - and the gain might be quite big.}
+\item {\bf Compatibility} {This class tries to combine almost full compatibility
+with the old wxWindows 1.xx wxString class, some reminiscence to MFC CString
+class and 90\% of functionality of std::string class.}
+\item {\bf Rich set of functions} {Some of the functions present in wxString are
+very useful but don't exist in most of other string classes: for example,
+\helpref{AfterFirst}{wxstringafterfirst},
+\helpref{BeforLast}{wxstringbeforlast}, \helpref{operator<<}{wxstringoperator}
+or \helpref{Printf}{wxstringprintf}. Of course, all the standard string
+operations are supported as well.}
+\item {\bf UNICODE} {In this release, wxString only supports construction from
+an UNICODE string, but in the next one it will be capable of also storing its
+internal data in either ASCII or UNICODE format.}
+\item {\bf Used by wxWindows} {And, of course, this class is used everywhere
+inside wxWindows so there is no performance loss which would result from
+conversions of objects of any other string class (including std::string) to
+wxString internally by wxWindows.}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+However, there are several problems as well. The most important one is probably
+that there are often several functions to do exactly the same thing: for
+example, to get the length of the string either one of
+\helpref{length()}{wxstringlength}, \helpref{Len()}{wxstringlen} or
+\helpref{Length()}{wxstringLength} may be used. The first function, as almost
+all the other functions in lowercase, is std::string compatible. The second one
+is "native" wxString version and the last one is wxWindows 1.xx way. So the
+question is: which one is better to use? And the answer is that:
+
+{\bf The usage of std::string compatible functions is strongly advised!} It will
+both make your code more familiar to other C++ programmers (who are supposed to
+have knowledge of std::string but not of wxString), let you reuse the same code
+in both wxWindows and other programs (by just typedefing wxString as std::string
+when used outside wxWindows) and by staying compatible with future versions of
+wxWindows which will probably start using std::string sooner or later too.
+
+In the situations when there is no correspondinw std::string function, please
+try to use the new wxString methods and not the old wxWindows 1.xx variants
+which are deprecated and risk to disappear in future versions.
+
+\subsection{Some advices about using wxString}\label{wxstringadvices}
+
+Probably main trap with using this class is the implicit conversion operator to
+{\it const char *}. It is advised that you use \helpref{c\_str()}{wxstringcstr}
+instead of it to clearly indicate when the conversion is done. Specifically, the
+danger of this implicit conversion may be seen in the following code fragment:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+// this function converts the input string to uppercase, output it to the screen
+// and returns the result
+const char *SayHELLO(const wxString& input)
+{
+ wxString output = input.Upper();
+
+ printf("Hello, %s!\n", output);
+
+ return output;
+}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+There are two nasty bugs in these three lines. First of them is in the call to
+{\it printf()} function. Although the implicit conversion to C strings is applied
+automatically by the compiler in case of
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ puts(output);
+\end{verbatim}
+
+because the argument of {\it puts()} is known to be of the type {\it const char
+*}, this is {\bf not} done for {\it printf()} which is a function with variable
+number of arguments (and whose arguments are of unknown types). So this call may
+do anything at all (including displaying the correct string on screen), although
+the most likely result is a program crash. The solution is to use
+\helpref{c\_str()}{wxstringcstr}: just replace this line with
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ printf("Hello, %s!\n", output.c_str());
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The second bug is that returning {\it output} doesn't work. The implicit cast is
+used again, so the code compiles, but as it returns a pointer to a buffer
+belonging to a local variable which is deleted as soon as the function exits,
+its contents is totally arbitrary. The solution to this problem is also easy:
+just make the function return wxString instead of C string.
+
+This leads us to the following general advice: all functions taking string
+arguments should take {\it const wxString\&} (this makes assignment to the
+strings inside the function faster because of
+\helpref{reference counting}{wxstringrefcount}) and all functions returning
+strings should return {\it wxString} - this makes it safe to return local
+variables.
+
+\subsection{Other string related functions and classes}
+
+As any program operates with character strings, the standard C library provides quite a
+few of functions to work with them. Unfortunately, some of them have rather non
+intuitive behaviour (like strncpy() which doesn't always terminate the resulting
+string with a NUL) and are in general not very safe (passing NULL to them will
+probably lead to program crash). Moreover, some of very useful functions are not
+standard at all. This is why in addition to all wxString functions, there are
+also a few of global string functions which try to correct these problems:
+\helpref{IsEmpty()}{isempty} verifies whether the string is empty (returning
+TRUE for NULL pointers), \helpref{Strlen()}{strlen} also handles NULLs correctly
+and returns 0 for them and \helpref{Stricmp()}{stricmp} is just a
+platform-independent version of case-insensitive string comparison function
+known either as stricmp() or strcasecmp() on different platforms.
+
+There is another class which might be useful when working with wxString:
+\helpref{wxStringTokenizer}{wxstringtokenizer}. It is helpful when a string must
+be broken into tokens and replaces advatageously the standard C library {\it
+strtok()} function.
+
+And the very last string related class is \helpref{wxArrayString}{wxarray}: it
+is just a version of "template" dynamic array class which is specialized to work
+with strings. Please note that this class is specially optimized (it uses its
+knowledge of internal structure of wxString) for storing strigns and so it is
+vastly better from performance point of view than wxObjectArray of wxString.
+
+\subsection{Reference counting and why you shouldn't care about it}\label{wxstringrefcount}
+
+wxString objects use a technique known as {\it copy on write} (COW). This means
+that when a string is assigned to another, no copying really takes place: only
+the reference count on the shared string data is increased and both strings
+share the same data.
+
+But as soon as one of the two (or more) strings is modified, the data has to be
+copied because the changes to one of the strings shouldn't be seen in the
+otheres. As data copying only happens when the string is written to, this is
+known as COW.
+
+What is important to understand is that all this happens absolutely
+transparently to the class users and that whether a string is shared or not is
+not seen from the outside of the class - in any case, the result of any
+operation on it is the same.
+
+Probably the unique case when you might want to think about reference
+counting is when a string character is taken from a string which is not a
+constant (or a constant reference). In this case, due to C++ rules, the
+"read-only" {\it operator[]} (which is the same as
+\helpref{GetChar()}{wxstringgetchar}) cannot be chosen and the "read/write"
+{\it operator[]} (the same as
+\helpref{GetWritableChar()}{wxstringgetwritablechar}) is used instead. As the
+call to this operator may modify the string, its data is unshared (COW is done)
+and so if the string was really shared there is some performance loss (both in
+terms of speed and memory consumption). In the rare cases when this may be
+important, you might prefer using \helpref{GetChar()}{wxstringgetchar} instead
+of array subscript operator for this reasons. Please note that
+\helpref{at()}{wxstringat} method has the same problem as subscript operator in
+this situation and so using it is not really better. Also note that if all
+string arguments to your functions are passed as {\it const wxString\&} (see the
+section \helpref{Some advices}{wxstringadvices}) this situation will almost
+never arise because for constant references the correct operator is called automatically.
+
+\subsection{Tuning wxString for your application}\label{wxstringtuning}
+
+\normalbox{{\bf Note:} this section is strictly about performance issues and is
+absolutely not necessary to read for using wxString class. Please skip it unless
+you feel familiar with profilers and relative tools. If you do read it, please
+also read the preceding section about
+\helpref{reference counting}{wxstringrefcounting}.}
+
+For the performance reasons wxString doesn't allocate exactly the amount of
+memory needed for each string. Instead, it adds a small amount of space to each
+allocated block which allows it to not reallocate memory (this is a relatively
+expensive operation) too often as when, for example, a string is constructed by
+subsequently adding one character at a time to it, as for example in:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+// delete all vowels from the string
+wxString DeleteAllVowels(const wxString& original)
+{
+ wxString result;
+
+ size_t len = original.length();
+ for ( size_t n = 0; n < len; n++ )
+ {
+ if ( strchr("aeuio", tolower(original[n])) == NULL )
+ result += original[n];
+ }
+
+ return result;
+}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This is a quite common situation and not allocating extra memory at all would
+lead to very bad performance in this case because there would be as many memory
+(re)allocations as there are consonants in the original string. Allocating too
+much extra memory would help to improve the speed in this situation, but due to
+a great number of wxString objects typically used in a program would also
+increase the memory consumption too much.
+
+The very best solution in precisely this case would be to use
+\helpref{Alloc()}{wxstringalloc} function to preallocate, for example, len bytes
+from the beginning - this will lead to exactly one memory allocation being
+performed (because the result is at most as long as the original string).
+
+However, using Alloc() is tedious and so wxString tries to do its best. The
+default algorithm assumes that memory allocation is done in granularity of at
+least 16 bytes (which is the case on almost all of wide-spread platforms) and so
+nothing is lost if the amount of memory to allocate is rounded up to the next
+multiple of 16. Like this, no memory is lost and 15 iterations from 16 in the
+example above won't allocate memory but use the already allocated pool.
+
+The default approach is quite conservative. Allocating more memory may bring
+important performance benefits for programs using (relatively) few very long
+strings. The amount of memory allocated is configured by the setting of {\it
+EXTRA\_ALLOC} in the file string.cpp during compilation (be sure to understand
+why its default value is what it is before modifying it!). You may try setting
+it to greater amount (say twice nLen) or to 0 (to see performance degradation
+which will follow) and analyse the impact of it on your program. If you do it,
+you will probably find it helpful to also define WXSTRING\_STATISTICS symbol
+which tells the wxString class to collect performance statistics and to show
+them on stderr on program termination. This will show you the average length of
+strings your program manipulates, their average initial length and also the
+percent of times when memory wasn't reallocated when string concatenation was
+done but the alread preallocated memory was used (this value should be about
+98\% for the default allocation policy, if it is less than 90\% you should
+really consider fine tuning wxString for your application).
+
+It goes without saying that a profiler should be used to measure the precise
+difference the change to EXTRA\_ALLOC makes to your program.
\section{\class{wxString}}\label{wxstring}
+wxString is a class representing a character string. Please see wxString
+\helpref{overview}{wxstringoverview} for more information about it. As explained
+there, wxStrign implements about 90\% of methods of std::string class (iterators
+are not supported and so all methods which use them are not supported neither),
+but they are not documented here - please see any source of STL documentation.
+The behaviour of all these functions is identical to the behaviour described
+there.
+
\wxheading{Derived from}
None
\overview{Overview}{wxstringoverview}
-\latexignore{\rtfignore{\wxheading{Members}}}
+\latexignore{\rtfignore{\wxheading{Function groups}}}
+
+\membersection{Constructors and assignment operators}
+
+A strign may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
+a single character or a wide (UNICODE) string. For all constructors (except the
+default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
+operator.
+
+\helpref{wxString}{wxstringconstruct}\\
+\helpref{operator $=$}{wxstringoperatorassign}\\
+\helpref{\destruct{wxString}}{wxstringdestruct}
+
+\membersection{String length}
+
+These functions return the string length and check whether the string is empty
+or empty it.
+
+\helpref{Len}{wxstringlen}\\
+\helpref{IsEmpty}{wxstringisempty}\\
+\helpref{operator!}{wxstringoperatornot}\\
+\helpref{Empty}{wxstringempty}\\
+\helpref{Clear}{wxstringclear}
+
+\membersection{Character access}
+
+Many functions in this section take a character index in the string. As with C
+strings and/or arrays, the indices start from $0$, so the first character of a
+string is string[$0$]. Attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
+string (which may be even $0$ if the string is empty) will provocate an assert
+failure in \helpref{debug build}{debuggingoverview}, but no checks are done in
+release builds.
+
+This section also contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
+strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, it is advised to use
+explicit \helpref{c\_str()}{wxstringcstr} method for the sake of clarity. Also
+see \helpref{overiview}{wxstringadvices} for the cases where it is necessary to
+use it.
+
+\helpref{GetChar}{wxstringgetchar}\\
+\helpref{GetWritableChar}{wxstringgetwritablechar}\\
+\helpref{SetChar}{wxstringsetchar}\\
+\helpref{Last}{wxstringlast}\\
+\helpref{operator []}{wxstringoperatorbracket}\\
+\helpref{c\_str}{wxstringcstr}\\
+\helpref{operator const char*}{wxstringoperatorconstcharpt}
+
+\membersection{Concatenation}
+
+Anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string. However, you can't
+append something to a C string (including literal constants), so to do this it
+should be converted to a wxString first.
+
+\helpref{operator \cinsert}{wxstringoperatorout}\\
+\helpref{operator $+=$}{wxstringplusequal}\\
+\helpref{operator $+$}{wxstringoperatorplus}\\
+\helpref{Append}{wxstringappend}\\
+\helpref{Prepend}{wxstringprepend}
+
+\membersection{Comparison}
+
+The default comparison function \helpref{Cmp}{wxstringcmp} is case-sensitive and
+so is the default version of \helpref{IsSameAs}{wxstringissameas}. For case
+insensitive comparisons you should use \helpref{CmpNoCase}{wxstringcmpnocase} or
+give a second parameter to IsSameAs. This last function is may be more
+convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
+true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually FALSE in C)
+as Cmp does.
+
+\helpref{Matches}{wxstringmatches} is a poor man's regular expression matcher:
+it only understands '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line
+interpreter.
+
+\helpref{Cmp}{wxstringcmp}\\
+\helpref{CmpNoCase}{wxstringcmpnocase}\\
+\helpref{IsSameAs}{wxstringissameas}\\
+\helpref{Matches}{wxstringmatches}
+
+\membersection{Substring extraction}
+
+These functions allow to extract substring from this string. All of them don't
+modify the original string and return a new string containing the extracted
+substring.
+
+\helpref{Mid}{wxstringmid}\\
+\helpref{operator()}{wxstringoperatorparenth}\\
+\helpref{Left}{wxstringleft}\\
+\helpref{Right}{wxstringright}\\
+\helpref{BeforeFirst}{wxstringbeforefirst}\\
+\helpref{BeforeLast}{wxstringbeforelast}\\
+\helpref{AfterFirst}{wxstringafterfirst}\\
+\helpref{AfterLast}{wxstringafterlast}
+
+\membersection{Case conversion}
+
+The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
+return a new string which containts the original text converted to the upper or
+lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
+
+\helpref{MakeUpper}{wxstringmakeupper}\\
+\helpref{Upper}{wxstringupper}\\
+\helpref{MakeLower}{wxstringmakelower}\\
+\helpref{Lower}{wxstringlower}
+
+\membersection{Searching and replacing}
+
+These functions replace the standard {\it strchr()} and {\it strstr()}
+functions.
+
+\helpref{Find}{wxstringfind}\\
+\helpref{Replace}{wxstringreplace}
+
+\membersection{Writing values into the string}
+
+Both formatted versions (\helpref{Printf}{wxstringprintf}) and stream-like
+insertion operators exist (for basic types only).
+
+\helpref{Printf}{wxstringprintf}\\
+\helpref{PrintfV}{wxstringprintfv}\\
+\helpref{operator \cinsert}{wxstringoperatorout)
+
+\membersection{Memory management}
+
+These are "advanced" functions and they will be needed quite rarily.
+\helpref{Alloc}{wxstringalloc} and \helpref{Shrink}{wxstringshrink} are only
+interesting for optimization purposes.
+\helpref{GetWriteBuf}{wxstringgetwritebuf} may be very useful when working with
+some external API which requires the caller to provide a writable buffer, but
+extreme care should be taken when using it: before performing any other
+operation on the string \helpref{UngetWriteBuf}{wxstringungetwritebuf} {\bf
+must} be called!
+
+\helpref{Alloc}{wxstringalloc}\\
+\helpref{Shrink}{wxstringshrink}\\
+\helpref{GetWriteBuf}{wxstringgetwritebuf}\\
+\helpref{UngetWriteBuf}{wxstringungetwritebuf}
+
+\membersection{Miscellaneous}
+
+Other string functions.
+
+\helpref{Trim}{wxstringtrim}\\
+\helpref{Pad}{wxstringpad}\\
+\helpref{Truncate}{wxstringtruncate}
+
+\membersection{wxWindows 1.xx compatiblity functions}
+
+These functiosn are deprecated, please consider using new wxWindows 2.0
+functions instead of them (or, even better, std::string compatible variants).
+
+\helpref{SubString}{wxstringsubstring}\\
+\helpref{sprintf}{wxstringsprintf}\\
+\helpref{CompareTo}{wxstringcompareto}\\
+\helpref{Length}{wxstringlength}\\
+\helpref{Freq}{wxstringfreq}\\
+\helpref{LowerCase}{wxstringlowercase}\\
+\helpref{UpperCase}{wxstringuppercase}\\
+\helpref{Strip}{wxstringstrip}\\
+\helpref{Index}{wxstringindex}\\
+\helpref{Remove}{wxstringremove}\\
+\helpref{First}{wxstringfirst}\\
+\helpref{Last}{wxstringlast}\\
+\helpref{Contains}{wxstringcontains}\\
+\helpref{IsNull}{wxstringisnull}\\
+\helpref{IsAscii}{wxstringisascii}\\
+\helpref{IsNumber}{wxstringisnumber}\\
+\helpref{IsWord}{wxstringisword}
+
+\membersection{std::string compatibility functions}
+
+The supported functions are only listed here, please see any STL reference for
+their documentation.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ // take nLen chars starting at nPos
+ wxString(const wxString& str, size_t nPos, size_t nLen);
+ // take all characters from pStart to pEnd (poor man's iterators)
+ wxString(const void *pStart, const void *pEnd);
+
+ // lib.string.capacity
+ // return the length of the string
+ size_t size() const;
+ // return the length of the string
+ size_t length() const;
+ // return the maximum size of the string
+ size_t max_size() const;
+ // resize the string, filling the space with c if c != 0
+ void resize(size_t nSize, char ch = '\0');
+ // delete the contents of the string
+ void clear();
+ // returns true if the string is empty
+ bool empty() const;
+
+ // lib.string.access
+ // return the character at position n
+ char at(size_t n) const;
+ // returns the writable character at position n
+ char& at(size_t n);
+
+ // lib.string.modifiers
+ // append a string
+ wxString& append(const wxString& str);
+ // append elements str[pos], ..., str[pos+n]
+ wxString& append(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
+ // append first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz
+ wxString& append(const char *sz, size_t n = npos);
+
+ // append n copies of ch
+ wxString& append(size_t n, char ch);
+
+ // same as `this_string = str'
+ wxString& assign(const wxString& str);
+ // same as ` = str[pos..pos + n]
+ wxString& assign(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
+ // same as `= first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz'
+ wxString& assign(const char *sz, size_t n = npos);
+ // same as `= n copies of ch'
+ wxString& assign(size_t n, char ch);
+
+ // insert another string
+ wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str);
+ // insert n chars of str starting at nStart (in str)
+ wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str, size_t nStart, size_t n);
+
+ // insert first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz
+ wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const char *sz, size_t n = npos);
+ // insert n copies of ch
+ wxString& insert(size_t nPos, size_t n, char ch);
+
+ // delete characters from nStart to nStart + nLen
+ wxString& erase(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos);
+
+ // replaces the substring of length nLen starting at nStart
+ wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const char* sz);
+ // replaces the substring with nCount copies of ch
+ wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, size_t nCount, char ch);
+ // replaces a substring with another substring
+ wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+ const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2);
+ // replaces the substring with first nCount chars of sz
+ wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+ const char* sz, size_t nCount);
+
+ // swap two strings
+ void swap(wxString& str);
+
+ // All find() functions take the nStart argument which specifies the
+ // position to start the search on, the default value is 0. All functions
+ // return npos if there were no match.
+
+ // find a substring
+ size_t find(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+
+ // find first n characters of sz
+ size_t find(const char* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
+
+ // find the first occurence of character ch after nStart
+ size_t find(char ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+
+ // rfind() family is exactly like find() but works right to left
+
+ // as find, but from the end
+ size_t rfind(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+
+ // as find, but from the end
+ size_t rfind(const char* sz, size_t nStart = npos,
+ size_t n = npos) const;
+ // as find, but from the end
+ size_t rfind(char ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+
+ // find first/last occurence of any character in the set
+
+ //
+ size_t find_first_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_first_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+ // same as find(char, size_t)
+ size_t find_first_of(char c, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_last_of (const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_last_of (const char* s, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+ // same as rfind(char, size_t)
+ size_t find_last_of (char c, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+
+ // find first/last occurence of any character not in the set
+
+ //
+ size_t find_first_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_first_not_of(const char* s, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_first_not_of(char ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_last_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart=npos) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_last_not_of(const char* s, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+ //
+ size_t find_last_not_of(char ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+
+ // All compare functions return a negative, zero or positive value
+ // if the [sub]string is less, equal or greater than the compare() argument.
+
+ // just like strcmp()
+ int compare(const wxString& str) const;
+ // comparison with a substring
+ int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str) const;
+ // comparison of 2 substrings
+ int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+ const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const;
+ // just like strcmp()
+ int compare(const char* sz) const;
+ // substring comparison with first nCount characters of sz
+ int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+ const char* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
+
+ // substring extraction
+ wxString substr(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos) const;
+\end{verbatim}
+
+%%%%% MEMBERS HERE %%%%%
+\helponly{\insertatlevel{2}{
+
+\wxheading{Members}
+
+}}
\membersection{wxString::wxString}\label{wxstringconstruct}
Constructs a string of {\it n} copies of character {\it ch}.
-\func{}{wxString}{\param{const char*}{ psz}, \param{size\_t}{ nLength = STRING\_MAXLEN}}
+\func{}{wxString}{\param{const char*}{ psz}, \param{size\_t}{ nLength = wxSTRING\_MAXLEN}}
Takes first {\it nLength} characters from the C string {\it psz}.
-The default value of STRING\_MAXLEN means take all the string.
+The default value of wxSTRING\_MAXLEN means take all the string.
-\func{}{wxString}{\param{const unsigned char*}{ psz}, \param{size\_t}{ nLength = STRING\_MAXLEN}}
+\func{}{wxString}{\param{const unsigned char*}{ psz}, \param{size\_t}{ nLength = wxSTRING\_MAXLEN}}
For compilers using unsigned char: takes first {\it nLength} characters from the C string {\it psz}.
-The default value of STRING\_MAXLEN means take all the string.
+The default value of wxSTRING\_MAXLEN means take all the string.
\func{}{wxString}{\param{const wchar\_t*}{ psz}}
String destructor. Note that this is not virtual, so wxString must not be inherited from.
-\membersection{wxString::Alloc}\label{wxstringAlloc}
+\membersection{wxString::Alloc}\label{wxstringalloc}
+
+\func{void}{Alloc}{\param{size\_t}{ nLen}}
+
+Preallocate enough space for wxString to store {\it nLen} characters. This function
+may be used to increase speed when the string is constructed by repeated
+concatenation as in
+
+\begin{verbatim}
-\func{void}{Alloc}{\param{uint}{ newsize}}
+// delete all vowels from the string
+wxString DeleteAllVowels(const wxString& original)
+{
+ wxString result;
-Preallocate some space for wxString. Only works if the data of this string is not shared.
+ size_t len = original.length();
-\membersection{wxString::Append}\label{wxstringAppend}
+ result.Alloc(len);
+
+ for ( size_t n = 0; n < len; n++ )
+ {
+ if ( strchr("aeuio", tolower(original[n])) == NULL )
+ result += original[n];
+ }
+
+ return result;
+}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+because it will avoid the need of reallocating string memory many times (in case
+of long strings). Note that it does not set the maximal length of a string - it
+will still expand if more than {\it nLen} characters are stored in it. Also, it
+does not truncate the existing string (use
+\helpref{Truncate()}{wxstringtruncate} for this) even if its current length is
+greater than {\it nLen}
+
+\membersection{wxString::Append}\label{wxstringappend}
\func{wxString\&}{Append}{\param{const char*}{ psz}}
Concatenates character {\it ch} to this string, {\it count} times, returning a reference
to it.
-\membersection{wxString::After}\label{wxstringAfter}
+\membersection{wxString::AfterFirst}\label{wxstringafterfirst}
-\constfunc{wxString}{After}{\param{char}{ ch}}
+\constfunc{wxString}{AfterFirst}{\param{char}{ ch}}
Gets all the characters after the first occurence of {\it ch}.
Returns the empty string if {\it ch} is not found.
-\membersection{wxString::Before}\label{wxstringBefore}
+\membersection{wxString::AfterLast}\label{wxstringafterlast}
-\constfunc{wxString}{Before}{\param{char}{ ch}}
+\constfunc{wxString}{AfterLast}{\param{char}{ ch}}
+
+Gets all the characters after the last occurence of {\it ch}.
+Returns the whole string if {\it ch} is not found.
+
+\membersection{wxString::BeforeFirst}\label{wxstringbeforefirst}
+
+\constfunc{wxString}{BeforeFirst}{\param{char}{ ch}}
+
+Gets all characters before the first occurence of {\it ch}.
+Returns the whole string if {\it ch} is not found.
+
+\membersection{wxString::BeforeLast}\label{wxstringbeforelast}
+
+\constfunc{wxString}{BeforeLast}{\param{char}{ ch}}
Gets all characters before the last occurence of {\it ch}.
-Returns empty string if {\it ch} is not found.
+Returns the empty string if {\it ch} is not found.
\membersection{wxString::Cmp}\label{wxstringcmp}
Case-sensitive comparison.
-Returns 0 if equal, +1 if greater or -1 if less.
+Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument, zero if
+it si equal to it or negative value if it is less than argument (same semantics
+as the standard {\it strcmp()} function).
-See also CmpNoCase, IsSameAs.
+See also \helpref{CmpNoCase}{wxstringcmpnocase}, \helpref{IsSameAs}{wxstringissameas}.
\membersection{wxString::CmpNoCase}\label{wxstringcmpnocase}
Case-insensitive comparison.
-Returns 0 if equal, +1 if greater or -1 if less.
+Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument, zero if
+it si equal to it or negative value if it is less than argument (same semantics
+as the standard {\it strcmp()} function).
-See also Cmp, IsSameAs.
+See also \helpref{Cmp}{wxstringcmp}, \helpref{IsSameAs}{wxstringissameas}.
-\membersection{wxString::CompareTo}\label{wxstringCompareTo}
+\membersection{wxString::CompareTo}\label{wxstringcompareto}
\begin{verbatim}
#define NO_POS ((int)(-1)) // undefined position
Case-sensitive comparison. Returns 0 if equal, 1 if greater or -1 if less.
-\membersection{wxString::Contains}\label{wxstringContains}
+\membersection{wxString::Contains}\label{wxstringcontains}
-\func{bool}{Contains}{\param{const wxString\&}{ str}}
+\constfunc{bool}{Contains}{\param{const wxString\&}{ str}}
Returns 1 if target appears anyhere in wxString; else 0.
Returns the first occurrence of the item.
+\membersection{wxString::Freq}\label{wxstringfreq}
+
+\constfunc{int}{Frec}{\param{char }{ch}}
+
+Returns the number of occurences of {it ch} in the string.
+
\membersection{wxString::GetChar}\label{wxstringgetchar}
\constfunc{char}{GetChar}{\param{size\_t}{ n}}
Returns the character at position {\it n} (read-only).
-\membersection{wxString::GetData}\label{wxstringGetData}
+\membersection{wxString::GetData}\label{wxstringgetdata}
\constfunc{const char*}{GetData}{\void}
\membersection{wxString::GetWriteBuf}\label{wxstringgetwritebuf}
-\func{char*}{GetWriteBuf}{\param{uint}{ len}}
+\func{char*}{GetWriteBuf}{\param{size\_t}{ len}}
Returns a writable buffer of at least {\it len} bytes.
Call \helpref{wxString::UngetWriteBuf}{wxstringungetwritebuf} as soon as possible
to put the string back into a reasonable state.
-\membersection{wxString::Index}\label{wxstringIndex}
+\membersection{wxString::Index}\label{wxstringindex}
\constfunc{size\_t}{Index}{\param{char}{ ch}, \param{int}{ startpos = 0}}
% TODO
%\membersection{wxString::insert}\label{wxstringinsert}
% Wrong!
-%\func{void}{insert}{\param{const wxString\&}{ str}, \param{uint}{ index}}
+%\func{void}{insert}{\param{const wxString\&}{ str}, \param{size\_t}{ index}}
%
%Add new element at the given position.
%
-\membersection{wxString::IsAscii}\label{wxstringIsAscii}
+\membersection{wxString::IsAscii}\label{wxstringisascii}
\constfunc{bool}{IsAscii}{\void}
Returns TRUE if the string is NULL.
-\membersection{wxString::IsNull}\label{wxstringIsNull}
+\membersection{wxString::IsNull}\label{wxstringisnull}
\constfunc{bool}{IsNull}{\void}
Returns TRUE if the string is NULL (same as IsEmpty).
-\membersection{wxString::IsNumber}\label{wxstringIsNumber}
+\membersection{wxString::IsNumber}\label{wxstringisnumber}
\constfunc{bool}{IsNumber}{\void}
Returns TRUE if strings are equal, FALSE otherwise.
-See also Cmp, CmpNoCase.
+See also \helpref{Cmp}{wxstringcmp}, \helpref{CmpNoCase}{wxstringcmpnocase}.
-\membersection{wxString::IsWord}\label{wxstringIsWord}
+\membersection{wxString::IsWord}\label{wxstringisword}
\constfunc{bool}{IsWord}{\void}
Returns TRUE if the string is a word. TODO: what's the definition of a word?
-\membersection{wxString::Last}\label{wxstringLast}
+\membersection{wxString::Last}\label{wxstringlast}
\constfunc{char}{Last}{\void}
Returns the length of the string (same as Len).
-\membersection{wxString::LowerCase}\label{wxstringLowerCase}
+\membersection{wxString::Lower}\label{wxstringlower}
+
+\constfunc{wxString}{Lower}{\void}
+
+Returns this string converted to the lower case.
+
+\membersection{wxString::LowerCase}\label{wxstringlowercase}
\func{void}{LowerCase}{\void}
Converts all characters to upper case.
-\membersection{wxString::Matches}\label{wxstringMatches}
+\membersection{wxString::Matches}\label{wxstringmatches}
\constfunc{bool}{Matches}{\param{const char*}{ szMask}}
\membersection{wxString::Mid}\label{wxstringmid}
-\constfunc{wxString}{Mid}{\param{size\_t}{ first}, \param{size\_t}{ count = STRING\_MAXLEN}}
+\constfunc{wxString}{Mid}{\param{size\_t}{ first}, \param{size\_t}{ count = wxSTRING\_MAXLEN}}
Returns a substring starting at {\it first}, with length {\it count}, or the rest of
the string if {\it count} is the default value.
Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
-\membersection{wxString::Prepend}\label{wxstringPrepend}
+\membersection{wxString::Prepend}\label{wxstringprepend}
\func{wxString\&}{Prepend}{\param{const wxString\&}{ str}}
\func{int}{Printf}{\param{const char* }{pszFormat}, \param{}{...}}
-Similar to sprintf. Returns the number of characters written, or an integer less than zero
-on error.
+Similar to the standard function {\it sprintf()}. Returns the number of
+characters written, or an integer less than zero on error.
+
+{\bf NB:} This function will use a safe version of {\it vsprintf()} (usually called
+{\it vsnprintf()}) whenever available to always allocate the buffer of correct
+size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
+dangerous {\it vsprintf()} will be used then which may lead to buffer overflows.
\membersection{wxString::PrintfV}\label{wxstringprintfv}
Similar to vprintf. Returns the number of characters written, or an integer less than zero
on error.
-\membersection{wxString::Remove}\label{wxstringRemove}
+\membersection{wxString::Remove}\label{wxstringremove}
\func{wxString\&}{Remove}{\param{size\_t}{ pos}}
Removes the last character.
-\membersection{wxString::Replace}\label{wxstringReplace}
+\membersection{wxString::Replace}\label{wxstringreplace}
-\func{uint}{Replace}{\param{const char*}{ szOld}, \param{const char*}{ szNew}, \param{bool}{ replaceAll}}
+\func{size\_t}{Replace}{\param{const char*}{ szOld}, \param{const char*}{ szNew}, \param{bool}{ replaceAll = TRUE}}
Replace first (or all) occurences of substring with another one.
\func{void}{Shrink}{\void}
-Minimizes the string's memory. Only works if the data of this string is not shared.
+Minimizes the string's memory. This can be useful after a call to
+\helpref{Alloc()}{wxstringalloc} if too much memory were preallocated.
\membersection{wxString::sprintf}\label{wxstringsprintf}
The same as Printf.
-\membersection{wxString::Strip}\label{wxstringStrip}
+\membersection{wxString::Strip}\label{wxstringstrip}
\begin{verbatim}
enum stripType {leading = 0x1, trailing = 0x2, both = 0x3};
Strip characters at the front and/or end. The same as Trim except that it
doesn't change this string.
+\membersection{wxString::SubString}\label{wxstringsubstring}
+
+\constfunc{wxString}{SubString}{\param{size\_t}{ to}, \param{size\_t}{ from}}
+
+Same as \helpref{Mid}{wxstringmid}.
+
\membersection{wxString::Trim}\label{wxstringtrim}
\func{wxString\&}{Trim}{\param{bool}{ fromRight = TRUE}}
Puts the string back into a reasonable state, after
\rtfsp\helpref{wxString::GetWriteBuf}{wxstringgetwritebuf} was called.
-\membersection{wxString::UpperCase}\label{wxstringUpperCase}
+\membersection{wxString::Upper}\label{wxstringupper}
+
+\constfunc{wxString}{Upper}{\void}
+
+Returns this string converted to upper case.
+
+\membersection{wxString::UpperCase}\label{wxstringuppercase}
\func{void}{UpperCase}{\void}
The same as MakeUpper.
+\membersection{wxString::operator!}\label{wxstringoperatornot}
+
+\constfunc{bool}{operator!}{\void}
+
+Empty string is FALSE, so !string will only return TRUE if the string is empty.
+This allows the tests for NULLness of a {\it const char *} pointer and emptyness
+of the string to look the same in the code and makes it easier to port old code
+to wxString.
+
+See also \helpref{IsEmpty()}{wxstringisempty}.
+
\membersection{wxString::operator $=$}\label{wxstringoperatorassign}
\func{wxString\&}{operator $=$}{\param{const wxString\&}{ str}}
\func{wxString\&}{operator $=$}{\param{const wchar\_t*}{ pwz}}
-Assignment.
+Assignment: the effect of each operation is the same as for the corresponding
+constructor (see \helpref{wxString constructors}{wxstringconstruct}).
\membersection{operator wxString::$+$}\label{wxstringoperatorplus}
-Concatenation.
+Concatenation: all these operators return a new strign equal to the sum of the
+operands.
\func{wxString}{operator $+$}{\param{const wxString\&}{ x}, \param{const wxString\&}{ y}}
\func{wxString}{operator $+$}{\param{const char*}{ x}, \param{const wxString\&}{ y}}
-\membersection{wxString::operator $+=$}\label{wxstringPlusEqual}
+\membersection{wxString::operator $+=$}\label{wxstringplusequal}
\func{void}{operator $+=$}{\param{const wxString\&}{ str}}
\func{void}{operator $+=$}{\param{char}{ c}}
-Concatenation.
+Concatenation in place: the argument is appended to the string.
\membersection{wxString::operator []}\label{wxstringoperatorbracket}
Same as $+=$.
+\func{wxString\&}{operator \cinsert}{\param{int}{ i}}
+
+\func{wxString\&}{operator \cinsert}{\param{float}{ f}}
+
+\func{wxString\&}{operator \cinsert}{\param{double}{ d}}
+
+These functions work as C++ stream insertion operators: they insert the given
+value into the string. Precision or format cannot be set using them, you can use
+\helpref{Printf}{wxstringprintf} for this.
+
\membersection{wxString::operator \cextract}\label{wxstringoperatorin}
\func{friend istream\&}{operator \cextract}{\param{istream\&}{ is}, \param{wxString\&}{ str}}
Implicit conversion to a C string.
-\membersection{Comparison operators}\label{wxstringComparison}
+\membersection{Comparison operators}\label{wxstringcomparison}
\func{bool}{operator $==$}{\param{const wxString\&}{ x}, \param{const wxString\&}{ y}}
projects / wxWidgets.git / commitdiff
