include/wx/string.h

   1 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   2 // Name:        string.h
   3 // Purpose:     wxString and wxArrayString classes
   4 // Author:      Vadim Zeitlin
   5 // Modified by:
   6 // Created:     29/01/98
   7 // RCS-ID:      $Id$
   8 // Copyright:   (c) 1998 Vadim Zeitlin <zeitlin@dptmaths.ens-cachan.fr>
   9 // Licence:     wxWindows license
  10 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  11
  12 /*
  13     Efficient string class [more or less] compatible with MFC CString,
  14     wxWindows version 1 wxString and std::string and some handy functions
  15     missing from string.h.
  16 */
  17
  18 #ifndef _WX_WXSTRINGH__
  19 #define _WX_WXSTRINGH__
  20
  21 #ifdef __GNUG__
  22     #pragma interface "string.h"
  23 #endif
  24
  25 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  26 // conditinal compilation
  27 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  28
  29 // compile the std::string compatibility functions if defined
  30 #define   wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
  31
  32 // define to derive wxString from wxObject (deprecated!)
  33 #ifdef WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
  34     #undef WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
  35 #endif
  36
  37 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  38 // headers
  39 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  40
  41 #ifdef __WXMAC__
  42     #include <ctype.h>
  43 #endif
  44
  45 #ifdef __EMX__
  46     #include <std.h>
  47 #endif
  48
  49 #include <string.h>
  50 #include <stdio.h>
  51 #include <stdarg.h>
  52 #include <limits.h>
  53 #include <stdlib.h>
  54
  55 #ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
  56     #include <strings.h>    // for strcasecmp()
  57 #endif // AIX
  58
  59 #include "wx/defs.h"        // everybody should include this
  60 #include "wx/debug.h"       // for wxASSERT()
  61 #include "wx/wxchar.h"      // for wxChar
  62 #include "wx/buffer.h"      // for wxCharBuffer
  63 #include "wx/strconv.h"     // for wxConvertXXX() macros and wxMBConv classes
  64
  65 #ifndef  WX_PRECOMP
  66   #ifdef    WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
  67     #include "wx/object.h" // base class
  68   #endif
  69 #endif // !PCH
  70
  71 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  72 // macros
  73 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  74
  75 // 'naughty' cast
  76 #define   WXSTRINGCAST (wxChar *)(const wxChar *)
  77 #define   wxCSTRINGCAST (wxChar *)(const wxChar *)
  78 #define   wxMBSTRINGCAST (char *)(const char *)
  79 #define   wxWCSTRINGCAST (wchar_t *)(const wchar_t *)
  80
  81 // implementation only
  82 #define   ASSERT_VALID_INDEX(i) wxASSERT( (unsigned)(i) <= Len() )
  83
  84 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  85 // constants
  86 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  87
  88 // maximum possible length for a string means "take all string" everywhere
  89 //  (as sizeof(StringData) is unknown here, we substract 100)
  90 const unsigned int wxSTRING_MAXLEN = UINT_MAX - 100;
  91
  92 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  93 // global data
  94 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  95
  96 // global pointer to empty string
  97 WXDLLEXPORT_DATA(extern const wxChar*) wxEmptyString;
  98
  99 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 100 // global functions complementing standard C string library replacements for
 101 // strlen() and portable strcasecmp()
 102 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 103
 104 // Use wxXXX() functions from wxchar.h instead! These functions are for
 105 // backwards compatibility only.
 106
 107 // checks whether the passed in pointer is NULL and if the string is empty
 108 inline bool WXDLLEXPORT IsEmpty(const char *p) { return (!p || !*p); }
 109
 110 // safe version of strlen() (returns 0 if passed NULL pointer)
 111 inline size_t WXDLLEXPORT Strlen(const char *psz)
 112   { return psz ? strlen(psz) : 0; }
 113
 114 // portable strcasecmp/_stricmp
 115 inline int WXDLLEXPORT Stricmp(const char *psz1, const char *psz2)
 116 {
 117 #if defined(__VISUALC__) || ( defined(__MWERKS__) && defined(__INTEL__) )
 118   return _stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 119 #elif defined(__SC__)
 120   return _stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 121 #elif defined(__SALFORDC__)
 122   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 123 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
 124   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 125 #elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
 126   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 127 #elif defined(__EMX__)
 128   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 129 #elif defined(__WXPM__)
 130   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 131 #elif defined(__UNIX__) || defined(__GNUWIN32__)
 132   return strcasecmp(psz1, psz2);
 133 #elif defined(__MWERKS__) && !defined(__INTEL__)
 134   register char c1, c2;
 135   do {
 136     c1 = tolower(*psz1++);
 137     c2 = tolower(*psz2++);
 138   } while ( c1 && (c1 == c2) );
 139
 140   return c1 - c2;
 141 #else
 142   // almost all compilers/libraries provide this function (unfortunately under
 143   // different names), that's why we don't implement our own which will surely
 144   // be more efficient than this code (uncomment to use):
 145   /*
 146     register char c1, c2;
 147     do {
 148       c1 = tolower(*psz1++);
 149       c2 = tolower(*psz2++);
 150     } while ( c1 && (c1 == c2) );
 151
 152     return c1 - c2;
 153   */
 154
 155   #error  "Please define string case-insensitive compare for your OS/compiler"
 156 #endif  // OS/compiler
 157 }
 158
 159 // wxSnprintf() is like snprintf() if it's available and sprintf() (always
 160 // available, but dangerous!) if not
 161 extern int WXDLLEXPORT wxSnprintf(wxChar *buf, size_t len,
 162                                   const wxChar *format, ...);
 163
 164 // and wxVsnprintf() is like vsnprintf() or vsprintf()
 165 extern int WXDLLEXPORT wxVsnprintf(wxChar *buf, size_t len,
 166                                    const wxChar *format, va_list argptr);
 167
 168 // return an empty wxString
 169 class WXDLLEXPORT wxString; // not yet defined
 170 inline const wxString& wxGetEmptyString() { return *(wxString *)&wxEmptyString; }
 171
 172 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 173 // string data prepended with some housekeeping info (used by wxString class),
 174 // is never used directly (but had to be put here to allow inlining)
 175 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 176
 177 struct WXDLLEXPORT wxStringData
 178 {
 179   int     nRefs;        // reference count
 180   size_t  nDataLength,  // actual string length
 181           nAllocLength; // allocated memory size
 182
 183   // mimics declaration 'wxChar data[nAllocLength]'
 184   wxChar* data() const { return (wxChar*)(this + 1); }
 185
 186   // empty string has a special ref count so it's never deleted
 187   bool  IsEmpty()   const { return (nRefs == -1); }
 188   bool  IsShared()  const { return (nRefs > 1);   }
 189
 190   // lock/unlock
 191   void  Lock()   { if ( !IsEmpty() ) nRefs++;                    }
 192   void  Unlock() { if ( !IsEmpty() && --nRefs == 0) free(this);  }
 193
 194   // if we had taken control over string memory (GetWriteBuf), it's
 195   // intentionally put in invalid state
 196   void  Validate(bool b)  { nRefs = (b ? 1 : 0); }
 197   bool  IsValid() const   { return (nRefs != 0); }
 198 };
 199
 200 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 201 // This is (yet another one) String class for C++ programmers. It doesn't use
 202 // any of "advanced" C++ features (i.e. templates, exceptions, namespaces...)
 203 // thus you should be able to compile it with practicaly any C++ compiler.
 204 // This class uses copy-on-write technique, i.e. identical strings share the
 205 // same memory as long as neither of them is changed.
 206 //
 207 // This class aims to be as compatible as possible with the new standard
 208 // std::string class, but adds some additional functions and should be at
 209 // least as efficient than the standard implementation.
 210 //
 211 // Performance note: it's more efficient to write functions which take "const
 212 // String&" arguments than "const char *" if you assign the argument to
 213 // another string.
 214 //
 215 // It was compiled and tested under Win32, Linux (libc 5 & 6), Solaris 5.5.
 216 //
 217 // To do:
 218 //  - ressource support (string tables in ressources)
 219 //  - more wide character (UNICODE) support
 220 //  - regular expressions support
 221 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 222
 223 #ifdef  WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
 224 class WXDLLEXPORT wxString : public wxObject
 225 {
 226     DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxString)
 227 #else   //WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
 228 class WXDLLEXPORT wxString
 229 {
 230 #endif  //WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
 231
 232 friend class WXDLLEXPORT wxArrayString;
 233
 234   // NB: special care was taken in arranging the member functions in such order
 235   //     that all inline functions can be effectively inlined, verify that all
 236   //     performace critical functions are still inlined if you change order!
 237 private:
 238   // points to data preceded by wxStringData structure with ref count info
 239   wxChar *m_pchData;
 240
 241   // accessor to string data
 242   wxStringData* GetStringData() const { return (wxStringData*)m_pchData - 1; }
 243
 244   // string (re)initialization functions
 245     // initializes the string to the empty value (must be called only from
 246     // ctors, use Reinit() otherwise)
 247   void Init() { m_pchData = (wxChar *)wxEmptyString; }
 248     // initializaes the string with (a part of) C-string
 249   void InitWith(const wxChar *psz, size_t nPos = 0, size_t nLen = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
 250     // as Init, but also frees old data
 251   void Reinit() { GetStringData()->Unlock(); Init(); }
 252
 253   // memory allocation
 254     // allocates memory for string of lenght nLen
 255   void AllocBuffer(size_t nLen);
 256     // copies data to another string
 257   void AllocCopy(wxString&, int, int) const;
 258     // effectively copies data to string
 259   void AssignCopy(size_t, const wxChar *);
 260
 261   // append a (sub)string
 262   void ConcatSelf(int nLen, const wxChar *src);
 263
 264   // functions called before writing to the string: they copy it if there
 265   // are other references to our data (should be the only owner when writing)
 266   void CopyBeforeWrite();
 267   void AllocBeforeWrite(size_t);
 268
 269   // this method is not implemented - there is _no_ conversion from int to
 270   // string, you're doing something wrong if the compiler wants to call it!
 271   //
 272   // try `s << i' or `s.Printf("%d", i)' instead
 273   wxString(int);
 274   wxString(long);
 275
 276 public:
 277   // constructors and destructor
 278     // ctor for an empty string
 279   wxString() { Init(); }
 280     // copy ctor
 281   wxString(const wxString& stringSrc)
 282   {
 283     wxASSERT( stringSrc.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
 284
 285     if ( stringSrc.IsEmpty() ) {
 286       // nothing to do for an empty string
 287       Init();
 288     }
 289     else {
 290       m_pchData = stringSrc.m_pchData;            // share same data
 291       GetStringData()->Lock();                    // => one more copy
 292     }
 293   }
 294     // string containing nRepeat copies of ch
 295   wxString(wxChar ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
 296     // ctor takes first nLength characters from C string
 297     // (default value of wxSTRING_MAXLEN means take all the string)
 298   wxString(const wxChar *psz, size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN)
 299     { InitWith(psz, 0, nLength); }
 300
 301 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 302     // from multibyte string
 303     // (NB: nLength is right now number of Unicode characters, not
 304     //  characters in psz! So try not to use it yet!)
 305   wxString(const char *psz, wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc, size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
 306     // from wxWCharBuffer (i.e. return from wxGetString)
 307   wxString(const wxWCharBuffer& psz)
 308     { InitWith(psz, 0, wxSTRING_MAXLEN); }
 309 #else // ANSI
 310     // from C string (for compilers using unsigned char)
 311   wxString(const unsigned char* psz, size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN)
 312     { InitWith((const char*)psz, 0, nLength); }
 313     // from multibyte string
 314   wxString(const char *psz, wxMBConv& WXUNUSED(conv) , size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN)
 315     { InitWith(psz, 0, nLength); }
 316
 317 #if wxUSE_WCHAR_T
 318     // from wide (Unicode) string
 319   wxString(const wchar_t *pwz);
 320 #endif // !wxUSE_WCHAR_T
 321
 322     // from wxCharBuffer
 323   wxString(const wxCharBuffer& psz)
 324     { InitWith(psz, 0, wxSTRING_MAXLEN); }
 325 #endif // Unicode/ANSI
 326
 327     // dtor is not virtual, this class must not be inherited from!
 328  ~wxString() { GetStringData()->Unlock(); }
 329
 330   // generic attributes & operations
 331     // as standard strlen()
 332   size_t Len() const { return GetStringData()->nDataLength; }
 333     // string contains any characters?
 334   bool IsEmpty() const { return Len() == 0; }
 335     // empty string is "FALSE", so !str will return TRUE
 336   bool operator!() const { return IsEmpty(); }
 337     // empty string contents
 338   void Empty()
 339   {
 340     if ( !IsEmpty() )
 341       Reinit();
 342
 343     // should be empty
 344     wxASSERT( GetStringData()->nDataLength == 0 );
 345   }
 346     // empty the string and free memory
 347   void Clear()
 348   {
 349     if ( !GetStringData()->IsEmpty() )
 350       Reinit();
 351
 352     wxASSERT( GetStringData()->nDataLength == 0 );  // should be empty
 353     wxASSERT( GetStringData()->nAllocLength == 0 ); // and not own any memory
 354   }
 355
 356   // contents test
 357     // Is an ascii value
 358   bool IsAscii() const;
 359     // Is a number
 360   bool IsNumber() const;
 361     // Is a word
 362   bool IsWord() const;
 363
 364   // data access (all indexes are 0 based)
 365     // read access
 366     wxChar  GetChar(size_t n) const
 367       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n );  return m_pchData[n]; }
 368     // read/write access
 369     wxChar& GetWritableChar(size_t n)
 370       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); CopyBeforeWrite(); return m_pchData[n]; }
 371     // write access
 372     void  SetChar(size_t n, wxChar ch)
 373       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); CopyBeforeWrite(); m_pchData[n] = ch; }
 374
 375     // get last character
 376     wxChar  Last() const
 377       { wxASSERT( !IsEmpty() ); return m_pchData[Len() - 1]; }
 378     // get writable last character
 379     wxChar& Last()
 380       { wxASSERT( !IsEmpty() ); CopyBeforeWrite(); return m_pchData[Len()-1]; }
 381
 382     // operator version of GetChar
 383     wxChar  operator[](size_t n) const
 384       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); return m_pchData[n]; }
 385
 386     // operator version of GetChar
 387     wxChar  operator[](int n) const
 388       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); return m_pchData[n]; }
 389 #ifdef __alpha__
 390     // operator version of GetChar
 391     wxChar  operator[](unsigned int n) const
 392       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); return m_pchData[n]; }
 393 #endif
 394
 395     // operator version of GetWriteableChar
 396     wxChar& operator[](size_t n)
 397       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); CopyBeforeWrite(); return m_pchData[n]; }
 398 #ifdef __alpha__
 399     // operator version of GetWriteableChar
 400     wxChar&  operator[](unsigned int n)
 401       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); CopyBeforeWrite(); return m_pchData[n]; }
 402 #endif
 403
 404     // implicit conversion to C string
 405     operator const wxChar*() const { return m_pchData; }
 406     // explicit conversion to C string (use this with printf()!)
 407     const wxChar* c_str()   const { return m_pchData; }
 408     // (and this with [wx]Printf()!)
 409     const wxChar* wx_str()  const { return m_pchData; }
 410     // identical to c_str()
 411     const wxChar* GetData() const { return m_pchData; }
 412
 413     // conversions with (possible) format convertions: have to return a
 414     // buffer with temporary data
 415 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 416     const wxCharBuffer mb_str(wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const { return conv.cWC2MB(m_pchData); }
 417     const wxWX2MBbuf mbc_str() const { return mb_str(*wxConvCurrent); }
 418
 419     const wxChar* wc_str(wxMBConv& WXUNUSED(conv) = wxConvLibc) const { return m_pchData; }
 420
 421 #if wxMBFILES
 422     const wxCharBuffer fn_str() const { return mb_str(wxConvFile); }
 423 #else // !wxMBFILES
 424     const wxChar* fn_str() const { return m_pchData; }
 425 #endif // wxMBFILES/!wxMBFILES
 426 #else // ANSI
 427 #if wxUSE_MULTIBYTE
 428     const wxChar* mb_str(wxMBConv& WXUNUSED(conv) = wxConvLibc) const
 429         { return m_pchData; }
 430     const wxWX2MBbuf mbc_str() const { return mb_str(*wxConvCurrent); }
 431 #else // !mmultibyte
 432     const wxChar* mb_str() const { return m_pchData; }
 433     const wxWX2MBbuf mbc_str() const { return mb_str(); }
 434 #endif // multibyte/!multibyte
 435 #if wxUSE_WCHAR_T
 436     const wxWCharBuffer wc_str(wxMBConv& conv) const { return conv.cMB2WC(m_pchData); }
 437 #endif // wxUSE_WCHAR_T
 438     const wxChar* fn_str() const { return m_pchData; }
 439 #endif // Unicode/ANSI
 440
 441   // overloaded assignment
 442     // from another wxString
 443   wxString& operator=(const wxString& stringSrc);
 444     // from a character
 445   wxString& operator=(wxChar ch);
 446     // from a C string
 447   wxString& operator=(const wxChar *psz);
 448 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 449     // from wxWCharBuffer
 450   wxString& operator=(const wxWCharBuffer& psz) { return operator=((const wchar_t *)psz); }
 451 #else // ANSI
 452     // from another kind of C string
 453   wxString& operator=(const unsigned char* psz);
 454 #if wxUSE_WCHAR_T
 455     // from a wide string
 456   wxString& operator=(const wchar_t *pwz);
 457 #endif
 458     // from wxCharBuffer
 459   wxString& operator=(const wxCharBuffer& psz) { return operator=((const char *)psz); }
 460 #endif // Unicode/ANSI
 461
 462   // string concatenation
 463     // in place concatenation
 464     /*
 465         Concatenate and return the result. Note that the left to right
 466         associativity of << allows to write things like "str << str1 << str2
 467         << ..." (unlike with +=)
 468      */
 469       // string += string
 470   wxString& operator<<(const wxString& s)
 471   {
 472     wxASSERT( s.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
 473
 474     ConcatSelf(s.Len(), s);
 475     return *this;
 476   }
 477       // string += C string
 478   wxString& operator<<(const wxChar *psz)
 479     { ConcatSelf(wxStrlen(psz), psz); return *this; }
 480       // string += char
 481   wxString& operator<<(wxChar ch) { ConcatSelf(1, &ch); return *this; }
 482
 483       // string += string
 484   void operator+=(const wxString& s) { (void)operator<<(s); }
 485       // string += C string
 486   void operator+=(const wxChar *psz) { (void)operator<<(psz); }
 487       // string += char
 488   void operator+=(wxChar ch) { (void)operator<<(ch); }
 489
 490       // string += buffer (i.e. from wxGetString)
 491 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 492   wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const wchar_t *)s); return *this; }
 493   void operator+=(const wxWCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const wchar_t *)s); }
 494 #else
 495   wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const char *)s); return *this; }
 496   void operator+=(const wxCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const char *)s); }
 497 #endif
 498
 499     // string += C string
 500   wxString& Append(const wxChar* psz)
 501     { ConcatSelf(wxStrlen(psz), psz); return *this; }
 502     // append count copies of given character
 503   wxString& Append(wxChar ch, size_t count = 1u)
 504     { wxString str(ch, count); return *this << str; }
 505
 506     // prepend a string, return the string itself
 507   wxString& Prepend(const wxString& str)
 508     { *this = str + *this; return *this; }
 509
 510     // non-destructive concatenation
 511       //
 512   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string1,  const wxString& string2);
 513       //
 514   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, wxChar ch);
 515       //
 516   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(wxChar ch, const wxString& string);
 517       //
 518   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, const wxChar *psz);
 519       //
 520   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxChar *psz, const wxString& string);
 521
 522   // stream-like functions
 523       // insert an int into string
 524   wxString& operator<<(int i);
 525       // insert a float into string
 526   wxString& operator<<(float f);
 527       // insert a double into string
 528   wxString& operator<<(double d);
 529
 530   // string comparison
 531     // case-sensitive comparison (returns a value < 0, = 0 or > 0)
 532   int Cmp(const wxChar *psz) const { return wxStrcmp(c_str(), psz); }
 533     // same as Cmp() but not case-sensitive
 534   int CmpNoCase(const wxChar *psz) const { return wxStricmp(c_str(), psz); }
 535     // test for the string equality, either considering case or not
 536     // (if compareWithCase then the case matters)
 537   bool IsSameAs(const wxChar *psz, bool compareWithCase = TRUE) const
 538     { return (compareWithCase ? Cmp(psz) : CmpNoCase(psz)) == 0; }
 539     // comparison with a signle character: returns TRUE if equal
 540   bool IsSameAs(wxChar c, bool compareWithCase = TRUE) const
 541     {
 542       return (Len() == 1) && (compareWithCase ? GetChar(0u) == c
 543                               : wxToupper(GetChar(0u)) == wxToupper(c));
 544     }
 545
 546   // simple sub-string extraction
 547       // return substring starting at nFirst of length nCount (or till the end
 548       // if nCount = default value)
 549   wxString Mid(size_t nFirst, size_t nCount = wxSTRING_MAXLEN) const;
 550
 551     // operator version of Mid()
 552   wxString  operator()(size_t start, size_t len) const
 553     { return Mid(start, len); }
 554
 555       // get first nCount characters
 556   wxString Left(size_t nCount) const;
 557       // get last nCount characters
 558   wxString Right(size_t nCount) const;
 559       // get all characters before the first occurence of ch
 560       // (returns the whole string if ch not found)
 561   wxString BeforeFirst(wxChar ch) const;
 562       // get all characters before the last occurence of ch
 563       // (returns empty string if ch not found)
 564   wxString BeforeLast(wxChar ch) const;
 565       // get all characters after the first occurence of ch
 566       // (returns empty string if ch not found)
 567   wxString AfterFirst(wxChar ch) const;
 568       // get all characters after the last occurence of ch
 569       // (returns the whole string if ch not found)
 570   wxString AfterLast(wxChar ch) const;
 571
 572     // for compatibility only, use more explicitly named functions above
 573   wxString Before(wxChar ch) const { return BeforeLast(ch); }
 574   wxString After(wxChar ch) const { return AfterFirst(ch); }
 575
 576   // case conversion
 577       // convert to upper case in place, return the string itself
 578   wxString& MakeUpper();
 579       // convert to upper case, return the copy of the string
 580       // Here's something to remember: BC++ doesn't like returns in inlines.
 581   wxString Upper() const ;
 582       // convert to lower case in place, return the string itself
 583   wxString& MakeLower();
 584       // convert to lower case, return the copy of the string
 585   wxString Lower() const ;
 586
 587   // trimming/padding whitespace (either side) and truncating
 588       // remove spaces from left or from right (default) side
 589   wxString& Trim(bool bFromRight = TRUE);
 590       // add nCount copies chPad in the beginning or at the end (default)
 591   wxString& Pad(size_t nCount, wxChar chPad = wxT(' '), bool bFromRight = TRUE);
 592       // truncate string to given length
 593   wxString& Truncate(size_t uiLen);
 594
 595   // searching and replacing
 596       // searching (return starting index, or -1 if not found)
 597   int Find(wxChar ch, bool bFromEnd = FALSE) const;   // like strchr/strrchr
 598       // searching (return starting index, or -1 if not found)
 599   int Find(const wxChar *pszSub) const;               // like strstr
 600       // replace first (or all of bReplaceAll) occurences of substring with
 601       // another string, returns the number of replacements made
 602   size_t Replace(const wxChar *szOld,
 603                  const wxChar *szNew,
 604                  bool bReplaceAll = TRUE);
 605
 606     // check if the string contents matches a mask containing '*' and '?'
 607   bool Matches(const wxChar *szMask) const;
 608
 609   // formated input/output
 610     // as sprintf(), returns the number of characters written or < 0 on error
 611   int Printf(const wxChar *pszFormat, ...);
 612     // as vprintf(), returns the number of characters written or < 0 on error
 613   int PrintfV(const wxChar* pszFormat, va_list argptr);
 614
 615   // raw access to string memory
 616     // ensure that string has space for at least nLen characters
 617     // only works if the data of this string is not shared
 618   void Alloc(size_t nLen);
 619     // minimize the string's memory
 620     // only works if the data of this string is not shared
 621   void Shrink();
 622     // get writable buffer of at least nLen bytes. Unget() *must* be called
 623     // a.s.a.p. to put string back in a reasonable state!
 624   wxChar *GetWriteBuf(size_t nLen);
 625     // call this immediately after GetWriteBuf() has been used
 626   void UngetWriteBuf();
 627
 628   // wxWindows version 1 compatibility functions
 629
 630   // use Mid()
 631   wxString SubString(size_t from, size_t to) const
 632       { return Mid(from, (to - from + 1)); }
 633     // values for second parameter of CompareTo function
 634   enum caseCompare {exact, ignoreCase};
 635     // values for first parameter of Strip function
 636   enum stripType {leading = 0x1, trailing = 0x2, both = 0x3};
 637
 638     // use Printf()
 639   int sprintf(const wxChar *pszFormat, ...);
 640
 641     // use Cmp()
 642   inline int CompareTo(const wxChar* psz, caseCompare cmp = exact) const
 643     { return cmp == exact ? Cmp(psz) : CmpNoCase(psz); }
 644
 645     // use Len
 646   size_t Length() const { return Len(); }
 647     // Count the number of characters
 648   int Freq(wxChar ch) const;
 649     // use MakeLower
 650   void LowerCase() { MakeLower(); }
 651     // use MakeUpper
 652   void UpperCase() { MakeUpper(); }
 653     // use Trim except that it doesn't change this string
 654   wxString Strip(stripType w = trailing) const;
 655
 656     // use Find (more general variants not yet supported)
 657   size_t Index(const wxChar* psz) const { return Find(psz); }
 658   size_t Index(wxChar ch)         const { return Find(ch);  }
 659     // use Truncate
 660   wxString& Remove(size_t pos) { return Truncate(pos); }
 661   wxString& RemoveLast() { return Truncate(Len() - 1); }
 662
 663   wxString& Remove(size_t nStart, size_t nLen) { return erase( nStart, nLen ); }
 664
 665     // use Find()
 666   int First( const wxChar ch ) const { return Find(ch); }
 667   int First( const wxChar* psz ) const { return Find(psz); }
 668   int First( const wxString &str ) const { return Find(str); }
 669   int Last( const wxChar ch ) const { return Find(ch, TRUE); }
 670   bool Contains(const wxString& str) const { return Find(str) != -1; }
 671
 672     // use IsEmpty()
 673   bool IsNull() const { return IsEmpty(); }
 674
 675 #ifdef  wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
 676   // std::string compatibility functions
 677
 678   // standard types
 679   typedef wxChar value_type;
 680   typedef const value_type *const_iterator;
 681
 682   // an 'invalid' value for string index
 683   static const size_t npos;
 684
 685   // constructors
 686     // take nLen chars starting at nPos
 687   wxString(const wxString& str, size_t nPos, size_t nLen)
 688   {
 689     wxASSERT( str.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
 690     InitWith(str.c_str(), nPos, nLen == npos ? 0 : nLen);
 691   }
 692     // take all characters from pStart to pEnd
 693   wxString(const void *pStart, const void *pEnd);
 694
 695   // lib.string.capacity
 696     // return the length of the string
 697   size_t size() const { return Len(); }
 698     // return the length of the string
 699   size_t length() const { return Len(); }
 700     // return the maximum size of the string
 701   size_t max_size() const { return wxSTRING_MAXLEN; }
 702     // resize the string, filling the space with c if c != 0
 703   void resize(size_t nSize, wxChar ch = wxT('\0'));
 704     // delete the contents of the string
 705   void clear() { Empty(); }
 706     // returns true if the string is empty
 707   bool empty() const { return IsEmpty(); }
 708
 709   // lib.string.access
 710     // return the character at position n
 711   wxChar at(size_t n) const { return GetChar(n); }
 712     // returns the writable character at position n
 713   wxChar& at(size_t n) { return GetWritableChar(n); }
 714
 715     // first valid index position
 716   const_iterator begin() const { return wx_str(); }
 717     // position one after the last valid one
 718   const_iterator end() const { return wx_str() + length(); }
 719
 720   // lib.string.modifiers
 721     // append a string
 722   wxString& append(const wxString& str)
 723     { *this += str; return *this; }
 724     // append elements str[pos], ..., str[pos+n]
 725   wxString& append(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n)
 726     { ConcatSelf(n, str.c_str() + pos); return *this; }
 727     // append first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz
 728   wxString& append(const wxChar *sz, size_t n = npos)
 729     { ConcatSelf(n == npos ? wxStrlen(sz) : n, sz); return *this; }
 730
 731     // append n copies of ch
 732   wxString& append(size_t n, wxChar ch) { return Pad(n, ch); }
 733
 734     // same as `this_string = str'
 735   wxString& assign(const wxString& str) { return (*this) = str; }
 736     // same as ` = str[pos..pos + n]
 737   wxString& assign(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n)
 738     { return *this = wxString((const wxChar *)str + pos, n); }
 739     // same as `= first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz'
 740   wxString& assign(const wxChar *sz, size_t n = npos)
 741     { return *this = wxString(sz, n); }
 742     // same as `= n copies of ch'
 743   wxString& assign(size_t n, wxChar ch)
 744     { return *this = wxString(ch, n); }
 745
 746     // insert another string
 747   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str);
 748     // insert n chars of str starting at nStart (in str)
 749   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str, size_t nStart, size_t n)
 750     { return insert(nPos, wxString((const wxChar *)str + nStart, n)); }
 751
 752     // insert first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz
 753   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxChar *sz, size_t n = npos)
 754     { return insert(nPos, wxString(sz, n)); }
 755     // insert n copies of ch
 756   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, size_t n, wxChar ch)
 757     { return insert(nPos, wxString(ch, n)); }
 758
 759     // delete characters from nStart to nStart + nLen
 760   wxString& erase(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos);
 761
 762     // replaces the substring of length nLen starting at nStart
 763   wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxChar* sz);
 764     // replaces the substring with nCount copies of ch
 765   wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, size_t nCount, wxChar ch);
 766     // replaces a substring with another substring
 767   wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 768                     const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2);
 769     // replaces the substring with first nCount chars of sz
 770     wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 771                       const wxChar* sz, size_t nCount);
 772
 773     // swap two strings
 774   void swap(wxString& str);
 775
 776     // All find() functions take the nStart argument which specifies the
 777     // position to start the search on, the default value is 0. All functions
 778     // return npos if there were no match.
 779
 780     // find a substring
 781   size_t find(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 782
 783   // VC++ 1.5 can't cope with this syntax.
 784 #if !defined(__VISUALC__) || defined(__WIN32__)
 785     // find first n characters of sz
 786   size_t find(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
 787 #endif
 788
 789   // Gives a duplicate symbol (presumably a case-insensitivity problem)
 790 #if !defined(__BORLANDC__)
 791     // find the first occurence of character ch after nStart
 792   size_t find(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 793 #endif
 794     // rfind() family is exactly like find() but works right to left
 795
 796     // as find, but from the end
 797   size_t rfind(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 798
 799   // VC++ 1.5 can't cope with this syntax.
 800 #if !defined(__VISUALC__) || defined(__WIN32__)
 801     // as find, but from the end
 802   size_t rfind(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = npos,
 803           size_t n = npos) const;
 804     // as find, but from the end
 805   size_t rfind(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 806 #endif
 807
 808     // find first/last occurence of any character in the set
 809
 810     // as strpbrk() but starts at nStart, returns npos if not found
 811   size_t find_first_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const
 812     { return find_first_of(str.c_str(), nStart); }
 813     // same as above
 814   size_t find_first_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 815     // same as find(char, size_t)
 816   size_t find_first_of(wxChar c, size_t nStart = 0) const
 817     { return find(c, nStart); }
 818     // find the last (starting from nStart) char from str in this string
 819   size_t find_last_of (const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const
 820     { return find_last_of(str.c_str(), nStart); }
 821     // same as above
 822   size_t find_last_of (const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 823     // same as above
 824   size_t find_last_of(wxChar c, size_t nStart = npos) const
 825     { return rfind(c, nStart); }
 826
 827     // find first/last occurence of any character not in the set
 828
 829     // as strspn() (starting from nStart), returns npos on failure
 830   size_t find_first_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const
 831     { return find_first_not_of(str.c_str(), nStart); }
 832     // same as above
 833   size_t find_first_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 834     // same as above
 835   size_t find_first_not_of(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 836     //  as strcspn()
 837   size_t find_last_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart=npos) const;
 838     // same as above
 839   size_t find_last_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 840     // same as above
 841   size_t find_last_not_of(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 842
 843     // All compare functions return -1, 0 or 1 if the [sub]string is less,
 844     // equal or greater than the compare() argument.
 845
 846     // just like strcmp()
 847   int compare(const wxString& str) const { return Cmp(str); }
 848     // comparison with a substring
 849   int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str) const;
 850     // comparison of 2 substrings
 851   int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 852               const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const;
 853     // just like strcmp()
 854   int compare(const wxChar* sz) const { return Cmp(sz); }
 855     // substring comparison with first nCount characters of sz
 856   int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 857               const wxChar* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
 858
 859   // substring extraction
 860   wxString substr(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos) const;
 861 #endif // wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
 862 };
 863
 864 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 865 // The string array uses it's knowledge of internal structure of the wxString
 866 // class to optimize string storage. Normally, we would store pointers to
 867 // string, but as wxString is, in fact, itself a pointer (sizeof(wxString) is
 868 // sizeof(char *)) we store these pointers instead. The cast to "wxString *" is
 869 // really all we need to turn such pointer into a string!
 870 //
 871 // Of course, it can be called a dirty hack, but we use twice less memory and
 872 // this approach is also more speed efficient, so it's probably worth it.
 873 //
 874 // Usage notes: when a string is added/inserted, a new copy of it is created,
 875 // so the original string may be safely deleted. When a string is retrieved
 876 // from the array (operator[] or Item() method), a reference is returned.
 877 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 878
 879 class WXDLLEXPORT wxArrayString
 880 {
 881 public:
 882   // type of function used by wxArrayString::Sort()
 883   typedef int (*CompareFunction)(const wxString& first,
 884                                  const wxString& second);
 885
 886   // constructors and destructor
 887     // default ctor: if autoSort is TRUE, the array is always sorted (in
 888     // alphabetical order)
 889   wxArrayString(bool autoSort = FALSE);
 890     // copy ctor
 891   wxArrayString(const wxArrayString& array);
 892     // assignment operator
 893   wxArrayString& operator=(const wxArrayString& src);
 894     // not virtual, this class should not be derived from
 895  ~wxArrayString();
 896
 897   // memory management
 898     // empties the list, but doesn't release memory
 899   void Empty();
 900     // empties the list and releases memory
 901   void Clear();
 902     // preallocates memory for given number of items
 903   void Alloc(size_t nCount);
 904     // minimzes the memory usage (by freeing all extra memory)
 905   void Shrink();
 906
 907   // simple accessors
 908     // number of elements in the array
 909   size_t GetCount() const { return m_nCount; }
 910     // is it empty?
 911   bool IsEmpty() const { return m_nCount == 0; }
 912     // number of elements in the array (GetCount is preferred API)
 913   size_t Count() const { return m_nCount; }
 914
 915   // items access (range checking is done in debug version)
 916     // get item at position uiIndex
 917   wxString& Item(size_t nIndex) const
 918     { wxASSERT( nIndex < m_nCount ); return *(wxString *)&(m_pItems[nIndex]); }
 919     // same as Item()
 920   wxString& operator[](size_t nIndex) const { return Item(nIndex); }
 921     // get last item
 922   wxString& Last() const { wxASSERT( !IsEmpty() ); return Item(Count() - 1); }
 923
 924   // item management
 925     // Search the element in the array, starting from the beginning if
 926     // bFromEnd is FALSE or from end otherwise. If bCase, comparison is case
 927     // sensitive (default). Returns index of the first item matched or
 928     // wxNOT_FOUND
 929   int  Index (const wxChar *sz, bool bCase = TRUE, bool bFromEnd = FALSE) const;
 930     // add new element at the end (if the array is not sorted), return its
 931     // index
 932   size_t Add(const wxString& str);
 933     // add new element at given position
 934   void Insert(const wxString& str, size_t uiIndex);
 935     // remove first item matching this value
 936   void Remove(const wxChar *sz);
 937     // remove item by index
 938   void Remove(size_t nIndex);
 939
 940   // sorting
 941     // sort array elements in alphabetical order (or reversed alphabetical
 942     // order if reverseOrder parameter is TRUE)
 943   void Sort(bool reverseOrder = FALSE);
 944     // sort array elements using specified comparaison function
 945   void Sort(CompareFunction compareFunction);
 946
 947 protected:
 948   void Copy(const wxArrayString& src);  // copies the contents of another array
 949
 950 private:
 951   void Grow();                          // makes array bigger if needed
 952   void Free();                          // free all the strings stored
 953
 954   void DoSort();                        // common part of all Sort() variants
 955
 956   size_t  m_nSize,    // current size of the array
 957           m_nCount;   // current number of elements
 958
 959   wxChar  **m_pItems; // pointer to data
 960
 961   bool    m_autoSort; // if TRUE, keep the array always sorted
 962 };
 963
 964 class WXDLLEXPORT wxSortedArrayString : public wxArrayString
 965 {
 966 public:
 967   wxSortedArrayString() : wxArrayString(TRUE)
 968     { }
 969   wxSortedArrayString(const wxArrayString& array) : wxArrayString(TRUE)
 970     { Copy(array); }
 971 };
 972
 973 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 974 // wxString comparison functions: operator versions are always case sensitive
 975 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 976
 977 //
 978 inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) == 0); }
 979 //
 980 inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) == 0); }
 981 //
 982 inline bool operator==(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) == 0); }
 983 //
 984 inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) != 0); }
 985 //
 986 inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) != 0); }
 987 //
 988 inline bool operator!=(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) != 0); }
 989 //
 990 inline bool operator< (const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) < 0); }
 991 //
 992 inline bool operator< (const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) <  0); }
 993 //
 994 inline bool operator< (const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) >  0); }
 995 //
 996 inline bool operator> (const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >  0); }
 997 //
 998 inline bool operator> (const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >  0); }
 999 //
1000 inline bool operator> (const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) <  0); }
1001 //
1002 inline bool operator<=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) <= 0); }
1003 //
1004 inline bool operator<=(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) <= 0); }
1005 //
1006 inline bool operator<=(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) >= 0); }
1007 //
1008 inline bool operator>=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >= 0); }
1009 //
1010 inline bool operator>=(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >= 0); }
1011 //
1012 inline bool operator>=(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) <= 0); }
1013
1014 // comparison with char
1015 inline bool operator==(wxChar c, const wxString& s) { return s.IsSameAs(c); }
1016 inline bool operator==(const wxString& s, wxChar c) { return s.IsSameAs(c); }
1017 inline bool operator!=(wxChar c, const wxString& s) { return !s.IsSameAs(c); }
1018 inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s, wxChar c) { return !s.IsSameAs(c); }
1019
1020 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
1021 inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxWCharBuffer& s2)
1022     { return (s1.Cmp((const wchar_t *)s2) == 0); }
1023 inline bool operator==(const wxWCharBuffer& s1, const wxString& s2)
1024     { return (s2.Cmp((const wchar_t *)s1) == 0); }
1025 #else
1026 inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxCharBuffer& s2)
1027     { return (s1.Cmp((const char *)s2) == 0); }
1028 inline bool operator==(const wxCharBuffer& s1, const wxString& s2)
1029     { return (s2.Cmp((const char *)s1) == 0); }
1030 #endif
1031
1032 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string1,  const wxString& string2);
1033 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, wxChar ch);
1034 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(wxChar ch, const wxString& string);
1035 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, const wxChar *psz);
1036 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxChar *psz, const wxString& string);
1037 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
1038 inline wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, const wxWCharBuffer& buf)
1039     { return string + (const wchar_t *)buf; }
1040 inline wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxWCharBuffer& buf, const wxString& string)
1041     { return (const wchar_t *)buf + string; }
1042 #else
1043 inline wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, const wxCharBuffer& buf)
1044     { return string + (const char *)buf; }
1045 inline wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxCharBuffer& buf, const wxString& string)
1046     { return (const char *)buf + string; }
1047 #endif
1048
1049 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1050 // Implementation only from here until the end of file
1051 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1052
1053 // don't pollute the library user's name space
1054 #undef ASSERT_VALID_INDEX
1055
1056 #if defined(wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY) && wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM
1057
1058 #include "wx/ioswrap.h"
1059
1060 WXDLLEXPORT istream& operator>>(istream&, wxString&);
1061 WXDLLEXPORT ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const wxString&);
1062
1063 #endif  // wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
1064
1065 #endif  // _WX_WXSTRINGH__