tests/strings/vsnprintf.cpp

   1 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   2 // Name:        tests/strings/vsnprintf.cpp
   3 // Purpose:     wxVsnprintf unit test
   4 // Author:      Francesco Montorsi
   5 //              (part of this file was taken from CMP.c of TRIO package
   6 //               written by Bjorn Reese and Daniel Stenberg)
   7 // Created:     2006-04-01
   8 // RCS-ID:      $Id$
   9 // Copyright:   (c) 2006 Francesco Montorsi, Bjorn Reese and Daniel Stenberg
  10 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  11
  12 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  13 // headers
  14 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  15
  16 #include "testprec.h"
  17
  18 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
  19     #pragma hdrstop
  20 #endif
  21
  22 #ifndef WX_PRECOMP
  23     #include "wx/wx.h"
  24     #include "wx/wxchar.h"
  25 #endif // WX_PRECOMP
  26
  27
  28 // NOTE: for more info about the specification of wxVsnprintf() behaviour you can
  29 //       refer to the following page of the GNU libc manual:
  30 //             http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Formatted-Output.html
  31
  32
  33
  34 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  35 // global utilities for testing
  36 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  37
  38 #define MAX_TEST_LEN        1024
  39
  40 // temporary buffers
  41 static wxChar buf[MAX_TEST_LEN];
  42 int r;
  43
  44 // these macros makes it possible to write all tests without repeating a lot
  45 // of times the wxT() macro
  46 // NOTE: you should use expected strings with these macros which do not exceed
  47 //       MAX_TEST_LEN as these macro do check if the return value is == (int)wxStrlen(buf)
  48
  49 #define ASSERT_STR_EQUAL( a, b ) \
  50     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL( wxString(a), wxString(b) );
  51
  52 #define CMP5(expected, x, y, z, w)                    \
  53     r=wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT(x), y, z, w); \
  54     CPPUNIT_ASSERT( r == (int)wxStrlen(buf) );        \
  55     ASSERT_STR_EQUAL( wxT(expected), buf );
  56
  57 #define CMP4(expected, x, y, z)                     \
  58     r=wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT(x), y, z);  \
  59     CPPUNIT_ASSERT( r == (int)wxStrlen(buf) );      \
  60     ASSERT_STR_EQUAL( wxT(expected), buf );
  61
  62 #define CMP3(expected, x, y)                        \
  63     r=wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT(x), y);     \
  64     CPPUNIT_ASSERT( r == (int)wxStrlen(buf) );      \
  65     ASSERT_STR_EQUAL( wxT(expected), buf );
  66
  67 #define CMP2(expected, x)                           \
  68     r=wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT(x));        \
  69     CPPUNIT_ASSERT( r == (int)wxStrlen(buf) );      \
  70     ASSERT_STR_EQUAL( wxT(expected), buf );
  71
  72 // NOTE: this macro is used also with too-small buffers (see Miscellaneous())
  73 //       test function, thus the return value can be > size and thus we
  74 //       cannot check if r == (int)wxStrlen(buf)
  75 #define CMPTOSIZE(buffer, size, expected, fmt, x, y, z, w)          \
  76     r=wxSnprintf(buffer, size, wxT(fmt), x, y, z, w);               \
  77     CPPUNIT_ASSERT( r > 0 );                                        \
  78     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL( wxString(wxT(expected)).Left(size - 1),   \
  79                           wxString(buffer) )
  80
  81 // this is the same as wxSnprintf() but it passes the format string to
  82 // wxVsnprintf() without using ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF and thus suppresses the gcc
  83 // checks (and resulting warnings) for the format string
  84 //
  85 // use with extreme care and only when you're really sure the warnings must be
  86 // suppressed!
  87 template<typename T>
  88 static int
  89 wxUnsafeSnprintf(T *buf, size_t len, const wxChar *fmt, ...)
  90 {
  91     va_list args;
  92     va_start(args, fmt);
  93
  94     int rc = wxVsnprintf(buf, len, fmt, args);
  95
  96     va_end(args);
  97
  98     return rc;
  99 }
 100
 101 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 102 // test class
 103 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 104
 105 class VsnprintfTestCase : public CppUnit::TestCase
 106 {
 107 public:
 108     VsnprintfTestCase();
 109
 110 private:
 111     CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE( VsnprintfTestCase );
 112         CPPUNIT_TEST( C );
 113         CPPUNIT_TEST( D );
 114         CPPUNIT_TEST( X );
 115         CPPUNIT_TEST( O );
 116         CPPUNIT_TEST( P );
 117         CPPUNIT_TEST( N );
 118         CPPUNIT_TEST( E );
 119         CPPUNIT_TEST( F );
 120         CPPUNIT_TEST( G );
 121         CPPUNIT_TEST( S );
 122         CPPUNIT_TEST( Asterisk );
 123         CPPUNIT_TEST( Percent );
 124 #ifdef wxLongLong_t
 125         CPPUNIT_TEST( LongLong );
 126 #endif
 127
 128         CPPUNIT_TEST( BigToSmallBuffer );
 129 #if wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
 130         CPPUNIT_TEST( WrongFormatStrings );
 131 #endif // wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
 132         CPPUNIT_TEST( Miscellaneous );
 133     CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_END();
 134
 135     void C();
 136     void D();
 137     void X();
 138     void O();
 139     void P();
 140     void N();
 141     void E();
 142     void F();
 143     void G();
 144     void S();
 145     void Asterisk();
 146     void Percent();
 147 #ifdef wxLongLong_t
 148     void LongLong();
 149 #endif
 150     void Unicode();
 151
 152     void BigToSmallBuffer();
 153 #if wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
 154     void WrongFormatStrings();
 155 #endif // wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
 156     void Miscellaneous();
 157     template<typename T> void Misc(T *buffer, int size);
 158
 159     // compares the expectedString and the result of wxVsnprintf() char by char
 160     // for all its lenght (not only for first expectedLen chars) and also
 161     // checks the return value
 162     void DoMisc(int expectedLen, const wxString& expectedString,
 163                 size_t max, const wxChar *format, ...);
 164
 165     DECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(VsnprintfTestCase)
 166 };
 167
 168 // register in the unnamed registry so that these tests are run by default
 169 CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_REGISTRATION( VsnprintfTestCase );
 170
 171 // also include in it's own registry so that these tests can be run alone
 172 CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_NAMED_REGISTRATION( VsnprintfTestCase, "VsnprintfTestCase" );
 173
 174 VsnprintfTestCase::VsnprintfTestCase()
 175 {
 176 }
 177
 178 void VsnprintfTestCase::C()
 179 {
 180     CMP5("hi!", "%c%c%c", wxT('h'), wxT('i'), wxT('!'));
 181
 182     // NOTE:
 183     // the NULL characters _can_ be passed to %c to e.g. create strings
 184     // with embedded NULs (because strings are not always supposed to be
 185     // NUL-terminated).
 186
 187     DoMisc(14, wxT("Hello \0 World!"), 16, wxT("Hello %c World!"), wxT('\0'));
 188 }
 189
 190 void VsnprintfTestCase::D()
 191 {
 192     CMP3("+123456", "%+d", 123456);
 193     CMP3("-123456", "%d", -123456);
 194     CMP3(" 123456", "% d", 123456);
 195     CMP3("    123456", "%10d", 123456);
 196     CMP3("0000123456", "%010d", 123456);
 197     CMP3("-123456   ", "%-10d", -123456);
 198 }
 199
 200 void VsnprintfTestCase::X()
 201 {
 202     CMP3("ABCD", "%X", 0xABCD);
 203     CMP3("0XABCD", "%#X", 0xABCD);
 204     CMP3("0xabcd", "%#x", 0xABCD);
 205 }
 206
 207 void VsnprintfTestCase::O()
 208 {
 209     CMP3("1234567", "%o", 01234567);
 210     CMP3("01234567", "%#o", 01234567);
 211 }
 212
 213 void VsnprintfTestCase::P()
 214 {
 215     // WARNING: printing of pointers is not fully standard.
 216     //          GNU prints them as %#x except for NULL pointers which are
 217     //          printed as '(nil)'.
 218     //          MSVC always print them as %8X on 32 bit systems and as %16X
 219     //          on 64 bit systems
 220 #ifdef __VISUALC__
 221     #if SIZEOF_VOID_P == 4
 222         CMP3("00ABCDEF", "%p", (void*)0xABCDEF);
 223         CMP3("00000000", "%p", (void*)NULL);
 224     #elif SIZEOF_VOID_P == 8
 225         CMP3("0000ABCDEFABCDEF", "%p", (void*)0xABCDEFABCDEF);
 226         CMP3("0000000000000000", "%p", (void*)NULL);
 227     #endif
 228 #elif defined(__GNUG__)
 229     CMP3("0xabcdef", "%p", (void*)0xABCDEF);
 230     CMP3("(nil)", "%p", (void*)NULL);
 231 #endif
 232 }
 233
 234 void VsnprintfTestCase::N()
 235 {
 236     int nchar;
 237
 238     wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, _T("%d %s%n\n"), 3, _T("bears"), &nchar);
 239     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL( 7, nchar );
 240 }
 241
 242 void VsnprintfTestCase::E()
 243 {
 244     // NB: there are no standards about the minimum exponent width
 245     //     (and the width of the %e conversion specifier refers to the
 246     //      mantissa, not to the exponent).
 247     //     Since newer MSVC versions use 3 digits as minimum exponent
 248     //     width while GNU libc uses 2 digits as minimum width, here we
 249     //     workaround this problem using for the exponent values with at
 250     //     least three digits.
 251     //     Some examples:
 252     //       printf("%e",2.342E+02);
 253     //     -> under MSVC7.1 prints:      2.342000e+002
 254     //     -> under GNU libc 2.4 prints: 2.342000e+02
 255     CMP3("2.342000e+112", "%e",2.342E+112);
 256     CMP3("-2.3420e-112", "%10.4e",-2.342E-112);
 257     CMP3("-2.3420e-112", "%11.4e",-2.342E-112);
 258     CMP3("   -2.3420e-112", "%15.4e",-2.342E-112);
 259
 260     CMP3("-0.02342", "%G",-2.342E-02);
 261     CMP3("3.1415E-116", "%G",3.1415e-116);
 262     CMP3("0003.141500e+103", "%016e", 3141.5e100);
 263     CMP3("   3.141500e+103", "%16e", 3141.5e100);
 264     CMP3("3.141500e+103   ", "%-16e", 3141.5e100);
 265     CMP3("3.142e+103", "%010.3e", 3141.5e100);
 266 }
 267
 268 void VsnprintfTestCase::F()
 269 {
 270     CMP3("3.300000", "%5f", 3.3);
 271     CMP3("3.000000", "%5f", 3.0);
 272     CMP3("0.000100", "%5f", .999999E-4);
 273     CMP3("0.000990", "%5f", .99E-3);
 274     CMP3("3333.000000", "%5f", 3333.0);
 275 }
 276
 277 void VsnprintfTestCase::G()
 278 {
 279     // NOTE: the same about E() testcase applies here...
 280
 281     CMP3("  3.3", "%5g", 3.3);
 282     CMP3("    3", "%5g", 3.0);
 283     CMP3("9.99999e-115", "%5g", .999999E-114);
 284     CMP3("0.00099", "%5g", .99E-3);
 285     CMP3(" 3333", "%5g", 3333.0);
 286     CMP3(" 0.01", "%5g", 0.01);
 287
 288     CMP3("    3", "%5.g", 3.3);
 289     CMP3("    3", "%5.g", 3.0);
 290     CMP3("1e-114", "%5.g", .999999E-114);
 291     CMP3("0.0001", "%5.g", 1.0E-4);
 292     CMP3("0.001", "%5.g", .99E-3);
 293     CMP3("3e+103", "%5.g", 3333.0E100);
 294     CMP3(" 0.01", "%5.g", 0.01);
 295
 296     CMP3("  3.3", "%5.2g", 3.3);
 297     CMP3("    3", "%5.2g", 3.0);
 298     CMP3("1e-114", "%5.2g", .999999E-114);
 299     CMP3("0.00099", "%5.2g", .99E-3);
 300     CMP3("3.3e+103", "%5.2g", 3333.0E100);
 301     CMP3(" 0.01", "%5.2g", 0.01);
 302 }
 303
 304 void VsnprintfTestCase::S()
 305 {
 306     CMP3("  abc", "%5s", wxT("abc"));
 307     CMP3("    a", "%5s", wxT("a"));
 308     CMP3("abcdefghi", "%5s", wxT("abcdefghi"));
 309     CMP3("abc  ", "%-5s", wxT("abc"));
 310     CMP3("abcdefghi", "%-5s", wxT("abcdefghi"));
 311
 312     CMP3("abcde", "%.5s", wxT("abcdefghi"));
 313
 314     // do the same tests but with Unicode characters:
 315 #if wxUSE_UNICODE && !defined(__VISUALC__) // FIXME: this doesn't compile with VC7
 316     #define ALPHA     "\x3B1"
 317     #define BETA      "\x3B2"
 318     #define GAMMA     "\x3B3"
 319     #define DELTA     "\x3B4"
 320     #define EPSILON   "\x3B5"
 321     #define ZETA      "\x3B6"
 322     #define ETA       "\x3B7"
 323     #define THETA     "\x3B8"
 324     #define IOTA      "\x3B9"
 325
 326     #define ABC         ALPHA BETA GAMMA
 327     #define ABCDE       ALPHA BETA GAMMA DELTA EPSILON
 328     #define ABCDEFGHI   ALPHA BETA GAMMA DELTA EPSILON ZETA ETA THETA IOTA
 329
 330     CMP3("  " ABC, "%5s", wxT(ABC));
 331     CMP3("    " ALPHA, "%5s", wxT(ALPHA));
 332     CMP3(ABCDEFGHI, "%5s", wxT(ABCDEFGHI));
 333     CMP3(ABC "  ", "%-5s", wxT(ABC));
 334     CMP3(ABCDEFGHI, "%-5s", wxT(ABCDEFGHI));
 335
 336     CMP3(ABCDE, "%.5s", wxT(ABCDEFGHI));
 337 #endif
 338
 339     // test a string which have the NULL character after "ab";
 340     // obviously it should be handled exactly like just as "ab"
 341     CMP3("   ab", "%5s", wxT("ab\0cdefghi"));
 342 }
 343
 344 void VsnprintfTestCase::Asterisk()
 345 {
 346     CMP5("       0.1", "%*.*f", 10, 1, 0.123);
 347     CMP5("    0.1230", "%*.*f", 10, 4, 0.123);
 348     CMP5("0.1", "%*.*f", 3, 1, 0.123);
 349
 350     CMP4("%0.002", "%%%.*f", 3, 0.0023456789);
 351 }
 352
 353 void VsnprintfTestCase::Percent()
 354 {
 355     // some tests without any argument passed through ...
 356     CMP2("%", "%%");
 357     CMP2("%%%", "%%%%%%");
 358
 359     CMP3("%  abc", "%%%5s", wxT("abc"));
 360     CMP3("%  abc%", "%%%5s%%", wxT("abc"));
 361
 362     // do not test odd number of '%' symbols as different implementations
 363     // of snprintf() give different outputs as this situation is not considered
 364     // by any standard (in fact, GCC will also warn you about a spurious % if
 365     // you write %%% as argument of some *printf function !)
 366     // Compare(wxT("%"), wxT("%%%"));
 367 }
 368
 369 #ifdef wxLongLong_t
 370 void VsnprintfTestCase::LongLong()
 371 {
 372     CMP3("123456789", "%lld", (wxLongLong_t)123456789);
 373     CMP3("-123456789", "%lld", (wxLongLong_t)-123456789);
 374
 375     CMP3("123456789", "%llu", (wxULongLong_t)123456789);
 376
 377 #ifdef __WXMSW__
 378     CMP3("123456789", "%I64d", (wxLongLong_t)123456789);
 379     CMP3("123456789abcdef", "%I64x", (wxLongLong_t)0x123456789abcdef);
 380 #endif
 381 }
 382 #endif
 383
 384 template<typename T>
 385 void VsnprintfTestCase::Misc(T *buffer, int size)
 386 {
 387     // Remember that wx*printf could be mapped either to system
 388     // implementation or to wx implementation.
 389     // In the first case, when the output buffer is too small, the returned
 390     // value can be the number of characters required for the output buffer
 391     // (conforming to ISO C99; implemented in e.g. GNU libc >= 2.1), or
 392     // just a negative number, usually -1; (this is how e.g. MSVC's
 393     // *printf() behaves). Luckily, in all implementations, when the
 394     // output buffer is too small, it's nonetheless filled up to its max size.
 395     //
 396     // Note that in the second case (i.e. when we're using our own implementation),
 397     // wxVsnprintf() will return the number of characters written in the standard
 398     // output or
 399     //   -1         if there was an error in the format string
 400     //   maxSize+1  if the output buffer is too small
 401
 402     // test without positionals
 403     CMPTOSIZE(buffer, size, "123 444444444 - test - 555 -0.666",
 404               "%i %li - test - %d %.3f",
 405               123, (long int)444444444, 555, -0.666);
 406
 407 #if wxUSE_PRINTF_POS_PARAMS
 408     // test with positional
 409     CMPTOSIZE(buffer, size, "-0.666 123 - test - 444444444 555",
 410               "%4$.3f %1$i - test - %2$li %3$d",
 411               123, (long int)444444444, 555, -0.666);
 412 #endif
 413
 414     // test unicode/ansi conversion specifiers
 415     //
 416     // NB: we use wxUnsafeSnprintf() as %hs and %hc are invalid in printf
 417     //     format and gcc would warn about this otherwise
 418
 419     r = wxUnsafeSnprintf(buffer, size,
 420                          _T("unicode string: %ls %lc - ansi string: %hs %hc\n\n"),
 421                          L"unicode!!", L'W', "ansi!!", 'w');
 422     CPPUNIT_ASSERT( r != -1 );
 423     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(
 424         wxString(wxT("unicode string: unicode!! W - ansi string: ansi!! w\n\n")).Left(size - 1),
 425         wxString(buffer)
 426     );
 427 }
 428
 429
 430 // this test is only for our own implementation, the system implementation
 431 // doesn't always give errors for invalid format strings (e.g. glibc doesn't)
 432 // and as it's not required too (the behaviour is "undefined" according to the
 433 // spec), there is really no sense in testing for it (and the first 2 formats
 434 // in this test are not invalid at all in fact)
 435 #if wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
 436
 437 void VsnprintfTestCase::WrongFormatStrings()
 438 {
 439     // test how wxVsnprintf() behaves with wrong format string:
 440
 441     // NB: the next 2 tests currently return an error but they shouldn't,
 442     //     according to POSIX reusing the parameters is allowed
 443
 444     // two positionals with the same index:
 445     r = wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT("%1$s %1$s"), "hello");
 446     CPPUNIT_ASSERT(r != -1);
 447
 448     // three positionals with the same index mixed with other pos args:
 449     r = wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT("%4$d %2$f %1$s %2$s %3$d"), "hello", "world", 3, 4);
 450     CPPUNIT_ASSERT(r != -1);
 451
 452     // a missing positional arg: this should result in an error but not all
 453     // implementations detect it (e.g. glibc doesn't)
 454     r = wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT("%1$d %3$d"), 1, 2, 3);
 455     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(-1, r);
 456
 457     // positional and non-positionals in the same format string:
 458     r = wxSnprintf(buf, MAX_TEST_LEN, wxT("%1$d %d %3$d"), 1, 2, 3);
 459     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(-1, r);
 460 }
 461
 462 #endif // wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
 463
 464 void VsnprintfTestCase::BigToSmallBuffer()
 465 {
 466     char bufa[1024], bufa2[16], bufa3[4], bufa4;
 467
 468 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 469     wchar_t bufw[1024], bufw2[16], bufw3[4], bufw4;
 470     Misc(bufw, 1024);
 471     Misc(bufw2, 16);
 472     Misc(bufw3, 4);
 473     Misc(&bufw4, 1);
 474 #endif // wxUSE_UNICODE
 475
 476     Misc(bufa, 1024);
 477     Misc(bufa2, 16);
 478     Misc(bufa3, 4);
 479     Misc(&bufa4, 1);
 480 }
 481
 482 void VsnprintfTestCase::DoMisc(
 483         int expectedLen,
 484         const wxString& expectedString,
 485         size_t max,
 486         const wxChar *format, ...)
 487 {
 488     const size_t BUFSIZE = MAX_TEST_LEN - 1;
 489     size_t i;
 490     static int count = 0;
 491
 492     wxASSERT(max <= BUFSIZE);
 493
 494     for (i = 0; i < BUFSIZE; i++)
 495         buf[i] = '*';
 496     buf[BUFSIZE] = 0;
 497
 498     va_list ap;
 499     va_start(ap, format);
 500
 501     int n = wxVsnprintf(buf, max, format, ap);
 502
 503     va_end(ap);
 504
 505     // Prepare messages so that it is possible to see from the error which
 506     // test was running.
 507     wxString errStr, overflowStr;
 508     errStr << _T("No.: ") << ++count << _T(", expected: ") << expectedLen
 509            << _T(" '") << expectedString << _T("', result: ");
 510     overflowStr << errStr << _T("buffer overflow");
 511     errStr << n << _T(" '") << buf << _T("'");
 512
 513     // turn them into std::strings
 514     std::string errMsg(errStr.mb_str());
 515     std::string overflowMsg(overflowStr.mb_str());
 516
 517     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_MESSAGE(errMsg,
 518             (expectedLen == -1 && size_t(n) >= max) || expectedLen == n);
 519
 520     CPPUNIT_ASSERT_MESSAGE(errMsg, expectedString == buf);
 521
 522     for (i = max; i < BUFSIZE; i++)
 523         CPPUNIT_ASSERT_MESSAGE(overflowMsg, buf[i] == '*');
 524 }
 525
 526 void VsnprintfTestCase::Miscellaneous()
 527 {
 528     // expectedLen, expectedString, max, format, ...
 529     DoMisc(5, wxT("-1234"), 8, wxT("%d"), -1234);
 530     DoMisc(7, wxT("1234567"), 8,  wxT("%d"), 1234567);
 531     DoMisc(-1, wxT("1234567"), 8,  wxT("%d"), 12345678);
 532     DoMisc(-1, wxT("-123456"), 8,  wxT("%d"), -1234567890);
 533
 534     DoMisc(6, wxT("123456"), 8,  wxT("123456"));
 535     DoMisc(7, wxT("1234567"), 8,  wxT("1234567"));
 536     DoMisc(-1, wxT("1234567"), 8,  wxT("12345678"));
 537
 538     DoMisc(6, wxT("123450"), 8,  wxT("12345%d"), 0);
 539     DoMisc(7, wxT("1234560"), 8,  wxT("123456%d"), 0);
 540     DoMisc(-1, wxT("1234567"), 8,  wxT("1234567%d"), 0);
 541     DoMisc(-1, wxT("1234567"), 8,  wxT("12345678%d"), 0);
 542
 543     DoMisc(6, wxT("12%45%"), 8,  wxT("12%%45%%"));
 544     DoMisc(7, wxT("12%45%7"), 8,  wxT("12%%45%%7"));
 545     DoMisc(-1, wxT("12%45%7"), 8,  wxT("12%%45%%78"));
 546
 547     DoMisc(5, wxT("%%%%%"), 6,  wxT("%%%%%%%%%%"));
 548     DoMisc(6, wxT("%%%%12"), 7,  wxT("%%%%%%%%%d"), 12);
 549 }