docs/latex/wx/wxPython.tex

   1 \section{wxPython overview}\label{wxpython}
   2 %\setheader{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}{}{}{}{}{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}%
   3 %\setfooter{\thepage}{}{}{}{}{\thepage}%
   4
   5 This topic was written by Robin Dunn, author of the wxPython wrapper.
   6
   7 %----------------------------------------------------------------------
   8 \subsection{What is wxPython?}\label{wxpwhat}
   9
  10 wxPython is a blending of the wxWindows GUI classes and the
  11 \urlref{Python}{http://www.python.org/} programming language.
  12
  13 \wxheading{Python}
  14
  15 So what is Python?  Go to
  16 \urlref{http://www.python.org}{http://www.python.org} to learn more,
  17 but in a nutshell Python is an interpreted,
  18 interactive, object-oriented programming language. It is often
  19 compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme or Java.
  20
  21 Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has
  22 modules, classes, exceptions, very high level dynamic data types, and
  23 dynamic typing. There are interfaces to many system calls and
  24 libraries, and new built-in modules are easily written in C or
  25 C++. Python is also usable as an extension language for applications
  26 that need a programmable interface.
  27
  28 Python is copyrighted but freely usable and distributable, even for
  29 commercial use.
  30
  31 \wxheading{wxPython}
  32
  33 wxPython is a Python package that can be imported at runtime that
  34 includes a collection of Python modules and an extension module
  35 (native code). It provides a series of Python classes that mirror (or
  36 shadow) many of the wxWindows GUI classes. This extension module
  37 attempts to mirror the class heirarchy of wxWindows as closely as
  38 possible. This means that there is a wxFrame class in wxPython that
  39 looks, smells, tastes and acts almost the same as the wxFrame class in
  40 the C++ version.
  41
  42 wxPython is very versitile. It can be used to create standalone GUI
  43 applications, or in situations where Python is embedded in a C++
  44 application as an internal scripting or macro language.
  45
  46 Currently wxPython is available for Win32 platforms and the GTK
  47 toolkit (wxGTK) on most Unix/X-windows platforms. See the wxPython
  48 website \urlref{http://wxPython.org/}{http://wxPython.org/} for
  49 details about getting wxPython working for you.
  50
  51 %----------------------------------------------------------------------
  52 \subsection{Why use wxPython?}\label{wxpwhy}
  53
  54 So why would you want to use wxPython over just C++ and wxWindows?
  55 Personally I prefer using Python for everything. I only use C++ when I
  56 absolutely have to eek more performance out of an algorithm, and even
  57 then I usually code it as an extension module and leave the majority
  58 of the program in Python.
  59
  60 Another good thing to use wxPython for is quick prototyping of your
  61 wxWindows apps. With C++ you have to continuously go though the
  62 edit-compile-link-run cycle, which can be quite time consuming. With
  63 Python it is only an edit-run cycle. You can easily build an
  64 application in a few hours with Python that would normally take a few
  65 days or longer with C++. Converting a wxPython app to a C++/wxWindows app
  66 should be a straight forward task.
  67
  68 %----------------------------------------------------------------------
  69 \subsection{Other Python GUIs}\label{wxpother}
  70
  71 There are other GUI solutions out there for Python.
  72
  73 \wxheading{Tkinter}
  74
  75 Tkinter is the defacto standard GUI for Python. It is available
  76 on nearly every platform that Python and Tcl/TK are. Why Tcl/Tk?
  77 Well because Tkinter is just a wrapper around Tcl's GUI toolkit, Tk.
  78 This has its upsides and its downsides...
  79
  80 The upside is that Tk is a pretty versatile toolkit. It can be made
  81 to do a lot of things in a lot of different environments. It is fairly
  82 easy to create new widgets and use them interchangeably in your
  83 programs.
  84
  85 The downside is Tcl. When using Tkinter you actually have two
  86 separate language interpreters running, the Python interpreter and the
  87 Tcl interpreter for the GUI. Since the guts of Tcl is mostly about
  88 string processing, it is fairly slow as well. (Not too bad on a fast
  89 Pentium II, but you really notice the difference on slower machines.)
  90
  91 It wasn't until the latest version of Tcl/Tk that native Look and
  92 Feel was possible on non-Motif platforms. This is because Tk
  93 usually implements its own widgets (controls) even when there are
  94 native controls available.
  95
  96 Tkinter is a pretty low-level toolkit. You have to do a lot of work
  97 (verbose program code) to do things that would be much simpler with a higher
  98 level of abstraction.
  99
 100 \wxheading{PythonWin}
 101
 102 PythonWin is an add-on package for Python for the Win32 platform. It
 103 includes wrappers for MFC as well as much of the Win32 API. Because
 104 of its foundation, it is very familiar for programmers who have
 105 experience with MFC and the Win32 API. It is obviously not compatible
 106 with other platforms and toolkits. PythonWin is organized as separate
 107 packages and modules so you can use the pieces you need without having
 108 to use the GUI portions.
 109
 110 \wxheading{Others}
 111
 112 There are quite a few other GUI modules available for Python, some in
 113 active use, some that haven't been updated for ages. Most are simple
 114 wrappers around some C or C++ toolkit or another, and most are not
 115 cross-platform compatible. See \urlref{this link}{http://www.python.org/download/Contributed.html\#Graphics}
 116 for a listing of a few of them.
 117
 118 %----------------------------------------------------------------------
 119 \subsection{Using wxPython}\label{wxpusing}
 120
 121 \wxheading{First things first...}
 122
 123 I'm not going to try and teach the Python language here. You can do
 124 that at the \urlref{Python Tutorial}{http://www.python.org/doc/tut/tut.html}.
 125 I'm also going to assume that you know a bit about wxWindows already,
 126 enough to notice the similarities in the classes used.
 127
 128 Take a look at the following wxPython program. You can find a similar
 129 program in the {\tt wxPython/demo} directory, named {\tt DialogUnits.py}. If your
 130 Python and wxPython are properly installed, you should be able to run
 131 it by issuing this command:
 132
 133 \begin{indented}{1cm}
 134     {\bf\tt python DialogUnits.py}
 135 \end{indented}
 136
 137 \hrule
 138
 139 \begin{verbatim}
 140 001: ## import all of the wxPython GUI package
 141 002: from wxPython.wx import *
 142 003:
 143 004: ## Create a new frame class, derived from the wxPython Frame.
 144 005: class MyFrame(wxFrame):
 145 006:
 146 007:     def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
 147 008:         # First, call the base class' __init__ method to create the frame
 148 009:         wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, id, title,
 149 010:                          wxPoint(100, 100), wxSize(160, 100))
 150 011:
 151 012:         # Associate some events with methods of this class
 152 013:         EVT_SIZE(self, self.OnSize)
 153 014:         EVT_MOVE(self, self.OnMove)
 154 015:
 155 016:         # Add a panel and some controls to display the size and position
 156 017:         panel = wxPanel(self, -1)
 157 018:         wxStaticText(panel, -1, "Size:",
 158 019:                      wxDLG_PNT(panel, wxPoint(4, 4)),  wxDefaultSize)
 159 020:         wxStaticText(panel, -1, "Pos:",
 160 021:                      wxDLG_PNT(panel, wxPoint(4, 14)), wxDefaultSize)
 161 022:         self.sizeCtrl = wxTextCtrl(panel, -1, "",
 162 023:                                    wxDLG_PNT(panel, wxPoint(24, 4)),
 163 024:                                    wxDLG_SZE(panel, wxSize(36, -1)),
 164 025:                                    wxTE_READONLY)
 165 026:         self.posCtrl = wxTextCtrl(panel, -1, "",
 166 027:                                   wxDLG_PNT(panel, wxPoint(24, 14)),
 167 028:                                   wxDLG_SZE(panel, wxSize(36, -1)),
 168 029:                                   wxTE_READONLY)
 169 030:
 170 031:
 171 032:     # This method is called automatically when the CLOSE event is
 172 033:     # sent to this window
 173 034:     def OnCloseWindow(self, event):
 174 035:         # tell the window to kill itself
 175 036:         self.Destroy()
 176 037:
 177 038:     # This method is called by the system when the window is resized,
 178 039:     # because of the association above.
 179 040:     def OnSize(self, event):
 180 041:         size = event.GetSize()
 181 042:         self.sizeCtrl.SetValue("%s, %s" % (size.width, size.height))
 182 043:
 183 044:         # tell the event system to continue looking for an event handler,
 184 045:         # so the default handler will get called.
 185 046:         event.Skip()
 186 047:
 187 048:     # This method is called by the system when the window is moved,
 188 049:     # because of the association above.
 189 050:     def OnMove(self, event):
 190 051:         pos = event.GetPosition()
 191 052:         self.posCtrl.SetValue("%s, %s" % (pos.x, pos.y))
 192 053:
 193 054:
 194 055: # Every wxWindows application must have a class derived from wxApp
 195 056: class MyApp(wxApp):
 196 057:
 197 058:     # wxWindows calls this method to initialize the application
 198 059:     def OnInit(self):
 199 060:
 200 061:         # Create an instance of our customized Frame class
 201 062:         frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "This is a test")
 202 063:         frame.Show(true)
 203 064:
 204 065:         # Tell wxWindows that this is our main window
 205 066:         self.SetTopWindow(frame)
 206 067:
 207 068:         # Return a success flag
 208 069:         return true
 209 070:
 210 071:
 211 072: app = MyApp(0)     # Create an instance of the application class
 212 073: app.MainLoop()     # Tell it to start processing events
 213 074:
 214 \end{verbatim}
 215 \hrule
 216
 217 \wxheading{Things to notice}
 218
 219 \begin{enumerate}\itemsep=11pt
 220 \item At line 2 the wxPython classes, constants, and etc. are imported
 221 into the current module's namespace. If you prefer to reduce
 222 namespace pollution you can use "{\tt from wxPython import wx}" and
 223 then access all the wxPython identifiers through the wx module, for
 224 example, "{\tt wx.wxFrame}".
 225 \item At line 13 the frame's sizing and moving events are connected to
 226 methods of the class. These helper functions are intended to be like
 227 the event table macros that wxWindows employs. But since static event
 228 tables are impossible with wxPython, we use helpers that are named the
 229 same to dynamically build the table. The only real difference is
 230 that the first argument to the event helpers is always the window that
 231 the event table entry should be added to.
 232 \item Notice the use of {\tt wxDLG\_PNT} and {\tt wxDLG\_SZE} in lines 19
 233 - 29 to convert from dialog units to pixels. These helpers are unique
 234 to wxPython since Python can't do method overloading like C++.
 235 \item There is an {\tt OnCloseWindow} method at line 34 but no call to
 236 EVT\_CLOSE to attach the event to the method. Does it really get
 237 called?  The answer is, yes it does. This is because many of the
 238 {\em standard} events are attached to windows that have the associated
 239 {\em standard} method names. I have tried to follow the lead of the
 240 C++ classes in this area to determine what is {\em standard} but since
 241 that changes from time to time I can make no guarantees, nor will it
 242 be fully documented. When in doubt, use an EVT\_*** function.
 243 \item At lines 17 to 21 notice that there are no saved references to
 244 the panel or the static text items that are created. Those of you
 245 who know Python might be wondering what happens when Python deletes
 246 these objects when they go out of scope. Do they disappear from the GUI?  They
 247 don't. Remember that in wxPython the Python objects are just shadows of the
 248 corresponding C++ objects. Once the C++ windows and controls are
 249 attached to their parents, the parents manage them and delete them
 250 when necessary. For this reason, most wxPython objects do not need to
 251 have a \_\_del\_\_ method that explicitly causes the C++ object to be
 252 deleted. If you ever have the need to forcibly delete a window, use
 253 the Destroy() method as shown on line 36.
 254 \item Just like wxWindows in C++, wxPython apps need to create a class
 255 derived from {\tt wxApp} (line 56) that implements a method named
 256 {\tt OnInit}, (line 59.) This method should create the application's
 257 main window (line 62) and use {\tt wxApp.SetTopWindow()} (line 66) to
 258 inform wxWindows about it.
 259 \item And finally, at line 72 an instance of the application class is
 260 created. At this point wxPython finishes initializing itself, and calls
 261 the {\tt OnInit} method to get things started. (The zero parameter here is
 262 a flag for functionality that isn't quite implemented yet. Just
 263 ignore it for now.)  The call to {\tt MainLoop} at line 73 starts the event
 264 loop which continues until the application terminates or all the top
 265 level windows are closed.
 266 \end{enumerate}
 267
 268 %----------------------------------------------------------------------
 269 \subsection{wxWindows classes implemented in wxPython}\label{wxpclasses}
 270
 271 The following classes are supported in wxPython. Most provide nearly
 272 full implementations of the public interfaces specified in the C++
 273 documentation, others are less so. They will all be brought as close
 274 as possible to the C++ spec over time.
 275
 276 \begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt
 277 \item \helpref{wxAcceleratorEntry}{wxacceleratorentry}
 278 \item \helpref{wxAcceleratorTable}{wxacceleratortable}
 279 \item \helpref{wxActivateEvent}{wxactivateevent}
 280 \item \helpref{wxBitmap}{wxbitmap}
 281 \item \helpref{wxBitmapButton}{wxbitmapbutton}
 282 \item \helpref{wxBitmapDataObject}{wxbitmapdataobject}
 283 \item wxBMPHandler
 284 \item \helpref{wxBoxSizer}{wxboxsizer}
 285 \item \helpref{wxBrush}{wxbrush}
 286 \item \helpref{wxBusyInfo}{wxbusyinfo}
 287 \item \helpref{wxBusyCursor}{wxbusycursor}
 288 \item \helpref{wxButton}{wxbutton}
 289 \item \helpref{wxCalculateLayoutEvent}{wxcalculatelayoutevent}
 290 \item \helpref{wxCalendarCtrl}{wxcalendarctrl}
 291 \item wxCaret
 292 \item \helpref{wxCheckBox}{wxcheckbox}
 293 \item \helpref{wxCheckListBox}{wxchecklistbox}
 294 \item \helpref{wxChoice}{wxchoice}
 295 \item \helpref{wxClientDC}{wxclientdc}
 296 \item \helpref{wxClipboard}{wxclipboard}
 297 \item \helpref{wxCloseEvent}{wxcloseevent}
 298 \item \helpref{wxColourData}{wxcolourdata}
 299 \item \helpref{wxColourDialog}{wxcolourdialog}
 300 \item \helpref{wxColour}{wxcolour}
 301 \item \helpref{wxComboBox}{wxcombobox}
 302 \item \helpref{wxCommandEvent}{wxcommandevent}
 303 \item \helpref{wxConfig}{wxconfigbase}
 304 \item \helpref{wxControl}{wxcontrol}
 305 \item \helpref{wxCursor}{wxcursor}
 306 \item \helpref{wxCustomDataObject}{wxcustomdataobject}
 307 \item \helpref{wxDataFormat}{wxdataformat}
 308 \item \helpref{wxDataObject}{wxdataobject}
 309 \item \helpref{wxDataObjectComposite}{wxdataobjectcomposite}
 310 \item \helpref{wxDataObjectSimple}{wxdataobjectsimple}
 311 \item \helpref{wxDateTime}{wxdatetime}
 312 \item \helpref{wxDateSpan}{wxdatespan}
 313 \item \helpref{wxDC}{wxdc}
 314 \item \helpref{wxDialog}{wxdialog}
 315 \item \helpref{wxDirDialog}{wxdirdialog}
 316 \item \helpref{wxDragImage}{wxdragimage}
 317 \item \helpref{wxDropFilesEvent}{wxdropfilesevent}
 318 \item \helpref{wxDropSource}{wxdropsource}
 319 \item \helpref{wxDropTarget}{wxdroptarget}
 320 \item \helpref{wxEraseEvent}{wxeraseevent}
 321 \item \helpref{wxEvent}{wxevent}
 322 \item \helpref{wxEvtHandler}{wxevthandler}
 323 \item wxFileConfig
 324 \item \helpref{wxFileDataObject}{wxfiledataobject}
 325 \item \helpref{wxFileDialog}{wxfiledialog}
 326 \item \helpref{wxFileDropTarget}{wxfiledroptarget}
 327 \item \helpref{wxFileSystem}{wxfilesystem}
 328 \item \helpref{wxFileSystemHandler}{wxfilesystemhandler}
 329 \item \helpref{wxFocusEvent}{wxfocusevent}
 330 \item \helpref{wxFontData}{wxfontdata}
 331 \item \helpref{wxFontDialog}{wxfontdialog}
 332 \item \helpref{wxFont}{wxfont}
 333 \item \helpref{wxFrame}{wxframe}
 334 \item \helpref{wxFSFile}{wxfsfile}
 335 \item \helpref{wxGauge}{wxgauge}
 336 \item wxGIFHandler
 337 \item wxGLCanvas
 338 \begin{comment}
 339 \item wxGridCell
 340 \item wxGridEvent
 341 \item \helpref{wxGrid}{wxgrid}
 342 \end{comment}
 343 \item \helpref{wxHtmlCell}{wxhtmlcell}
 344 \item \helpref{wxHtmlContainerCell}{wxhtmlcontainercell}
 345 \item \helpref{wxHtmlDCRenderer}{wxhtmldcrenderer}
 346 \item \helpref{wxHtmlEasyPrinting}{wxhtmleasyprinting}
 347 \item \helpref{wxHtmlParser}{wxhtmlparser}
 348 \item \helpref{wxHtmlTagHandler}{wxhtmltaghandler}
 349 \item \helpref{wxHtmlTag}{wxhtmltag}
 350 \item \helpref{wxHtmlWinParser}{wxhtmlwinparser}
 351 \item \helpref{wxHtmlPrintout}{wxhtmlprintout}
 352 \item \helpref{wxHtmlWinTagHandler}{wxhtmlwintaghandler}
 353 \item \helpref{wxHtmlWindow}{wxhtmlwindow}
 354 \item wxIconizeEvent
 355 \item \helpref{wxIcon}{wxicon}
 356 \item \helpref{wxIdleEvent}{wxidleevent}
 357 \item \helpref{wxImage}{wximage}
 358 \item \helpref{wxImageHandler}{wximagehandler}
 359 \item \helpref{wxImageList}{wximagelist}
 360 \item \helpref{wxIndividualLayoutConstraint}{wxindividuallayoutconstraint}
 361 \item \helpref{wxInitDialogEvent}{wxinitdialogevent}
 362 \item \helpref{wxInputStream}{wxinputstream}
 363 \item \helpref{wxInternetFSHandler}{fs}
 364 \item \helpref{wxJoystickEvent}{wxjoystickevent}
 365 \item wxJPEGHandler
 366 \item \helpref{wxKeyEvent}{wxkeyevent}
 367 \item \helpref{wxLayoutAlgorithm}{wxlayoutalgorithm}
 368 \item \helpref{wxLayoutConstraints}{wxlayoutconstraints}
 369 \item \helpref{wxListBox}{wxlistbox}
 370 \item \helpref{wxListCtrl}{wxlistctrl}
 371 \item \helpref{wxListEvent}{wxlistevent}
 372 \item \helpref{wxListItem}{wxlistctrlsetitem}
 373 \item \helpref{wxMask}{wxmask}
 374 \item wxMaximizeEvent
 375 \item \helpref{wxMDIChildFrame}{wxmdichildframe}
 376 \item \helpref{wxMDIClientWindow}{wxmdiclientwindow}
 377 \item \helpref{wxMDIParentFrame}{wxmdiparentframe}
 378 \item \helpref{wxMemoryDC}{wxmemorydc}
 379 \item \helpref{wxMemoryFSHandler}{wxmemoryfshandler}
 380 \item \helpref{wxMenuBar}{wxmenubar}
 381 \item \helpref{wxMenuEvent}{wxmenuevent}
 382 \item \helpref{wxMenuItem}{wxmenuitem}
 383 \item \helpref{wxMenu}{wxmenu}
 384 \item \helpref{wxMessageDialog}{wxmessagedialog}
 385 \item \helpref{wxMetaFileDC}{wxmetafiledc}
 386 \item \helpref{wxMiniFrame}{wxminiframe}
 387 \item \helpref{wxMouseEvent}{wxmouseevent}
 388 \item \helpref{wxMoveEvent}{wxmoveevent}
 389 \item \helpref{wxNotebookEvent}{wxnotebookevent}
 390 \item \helpref{wxNotebook}{wxnotebook}
 391 \item \helpref{wxPageSetupDialogData}{wxpagesetupdialogdata}
 392 \item \helpref{wxPageSetupDialog}{wxpagesetupdialog}
 393 \item \helpref{wxPaintDC}{wxpaintdc}
 394 \item \helpref{wxPaintEvent}{wxpaintevent}
 395 \item \helpref{wxPalette}{wxpalette}
 396 \item \helpref{wxPanel}{wxpanel}
 397 \item \helpref{wxPen}{wxpen}
 398 \item wxPNGHandler
 399 \item \helpref{wxPoint}{wxpoint}
 400 \item \helpref{wxPostScriptDC}{wxpostscriptdc}
 401 \item \helpref{wxPreviewFrame}{wxpreviewframe}
 402 \item \helpref{wxPrintData}{wxprintdata}
 403 \item \helpref{wxPrintDialogData}{wxprintdialogdata}
 404 \item \helpref{wxPrintDialog}{wxprintdialog}
 405 \item \helpref{wxPrinter}{wxprinter}
 406 \item \helpref{wxPrintPreview}{wxprintpreview}
 407 \item \helpref{wxPrinterDC}{wxprinterdc}
 408 \item \helpref{wxPrintout}{wxprintout}
 409 \item \helpref{wxProcess}{wxprocess}
 410 \item \helpref{wxQueryLayoutInfoEvent}{wxquerylayoutinfoevent}
 411 \item \helpref{wxRadioBox}{wxradiobox}
 412 \item \helpref{wxRadioButton}{wxradiobutton}
 413 \item \helpref{wxRealPoint}{wxrealpoint}
 414 \item \helpref{wxRect}{wxrect}
 415 \item \helpref{wxRegionIterator}{wxregioniterator}
 416 \item \helpref{wxRegion}{wxregion}
 417 \item \helpref{wxSashEvent}{wxsashevent}
 418 \item \helpref{wxSashLayoutWindow}{wxsashlayoutwindow}
 419 \item \helpref{wxSashWindow}{wxsashwindow}
 420 \item \helpref{wxScreenDC}{wxscreendc}
 421 \item \helpref{wxScrollBar}{wxscrollbar}
 422 \item \helpref{wxScrollEvent}{wxscrollevent}
 423 \item \helpref{wxScrolledWindow}{wxscrolledwindow}
 424 \item \helpref{wxScrollWinEvent}{wxscrollwinevent}
 425 \item wxShowEvent
 426 \item \helpref{wxSingleChoiceDialog}{wxsinglechoicedialog}
 427 \item \helpref{wxSizeEvent}{wxsizeevent}
 428 \item \helpref{wxSize}{wxsize}
 429 \item \helpref{wxSizer}{wxsizer}
 430 \item wxSizerItem
 431 \item \helpref{wxSlider}{wxslider}
 432 \item \helpref{wxSpinButton}{wxspinbutton}
 433 \item wxSpinEvent
 434 \item \helpref{wxSplitterWindow}{wxsplitterwindow}
 435 \item \helpref{wxStaticBitmap}{wxstaticbitmap}
 436 \item \helpref{wxStaticBox}{wxstaticbox}
 437 \item \helpref{wxStaticBoxSizer}{wxstaticboxsizer}
 438 \item \helpref{wxStaticLine}{wxstaticline}
 439 \item \helpref{wxStaticText}{wxstatictext}
 440 \item \helpref{wxStatusBar}{wxstatusbar}
 441 \item \helpref{wxSysColourChangedEvent}{wxsyscolourchangedevent}
 442 \item \helpref{wxTaskBarIcon}{wxtaskbaricon}
 443 \item \helpref{wxTextCtrl}{wxtextctrl}
 444 \item \helpref{wxTextDataObject}{wxtextdataobject}
 445 \item \helpref{wxTextDropTarget}{wxtextdroptarget}
 446 \item \helpref{wxTextEntryDialog}{wxtextentrydialog}
 447 \item \helpref{wxTimer}{wxtimer}
 448 \item \helpref{wxTimerEvent}{wxtimerevent}
 449 \item \helpref{wxTimeSpan}{wxtimespan}
 450 \item \helpref{wxTipProvider}{wxtipprovider}
 451 \item wxToolBarTool
 452 \item \helpref{wxToolBar}{wxtoolbar}
 453 \item wxToolTip
 454 \item \helpref{wxTreeCtrl}{wxtreectrl}
 455 \item \helpref{wxTreeEvent}{wxtreeevent}
 456 \item \helpref{wxTreeItemData}{wxtreeitemdata}
 457 \item wxTreeItemId
 458 \item \helpref{wxUpdateUIEvent}{wxupdateuievent}
 459 \item \helpref{wxValidator}{wxvalidator}
 460 \item \helpref{wxWindowDC}{wxwindowdc}
 461 \item \helpref{wxWindow}{wxwindow}
 462 \item \helpref{wxZipFSHandler}{fs}
 463 \end{itemize}
 464
 465 %----------------------------------------------------------------------
 466 \subsection{Where to go for help}\label{wxphelp}
 467
 468 Since wxPython is a blending of multiple technologies, help comes from
 469 multiple sources. See
 470 \urlref{http://wxpython.org/}{http://wxpython.org/} for details on
 471 various sources of help, but probably the best source is the
 472 wxPython-users mail list. You can view the archive or subscribe by
 473 going to
 474
 475 \urlref{http://lists.wxwindows.org/mailman/listinfo/wxpython-users}{http://lists.wxwindows.org/mailman/listinfo/wxpython-users}
 476
 477 Or you can send mail directly to the list using this address:
 478
 479 wxpython-users@lists.wxwindows.org
 480