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1 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
2 // Name: scroll.cpp
3 // Purpose: wxScrolledWindow sample
4 // Author: Robert Roebling
5 // Modified by:
6 // Created:
7 // RCS-ID: $Id$
8 // Copyright: (C) 1998 Robert Roebling, 2002 Ron Lee, 2003 Matt Gregory
9 // Licence: wxWindows license
10 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
11
12 // For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx/wx.h".
13 #include "wx/wxprec.h"
14
15 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
16 #pragma hdrstop
17 #endif
18
19 #ifndef WX_PRECOMP
20 #include "wx/wx.h"
21 #endif
22
23 #include "wx/image.h"
24 #include "wx/listctrl.h"
25 #include "wx/sizer.h"
26 #include "wx/log.h"
27
28 const long ID_QUIT = wxID_EXIT;
29 const long ID_ABOUT = wxID_ABOUT;
30 const long ID_DELETE_ALL = 100;
31 const long ID_INSERT_NEW = 101;
32
33 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
34 // a trivial example
35 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
36
37 class MySimpleFrame;
38 class MySimpleCanvas;
39
40 // MySimpleCanvas
41
42 class MySimpleCanvas: public wxScrolledWindow
43 {
44 public:
45 MySimpleCanvas() { }
46 MySimpleCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size );
47
48 void OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &event );
49
50 private:
51 DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas)
52 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
53 };
54
55 IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MySimpleCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
56
57 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MySimpleCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
58 EVT_PAINT( MySimpleCanvas::OnPaint)
59 END_EVENT_TABLE()
60
61 MySimpleCanvas::MySimpleCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
62 const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size )
63 : wxScrolledWindow( parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER, _T("test canvas") )
64 {
65 SetScrollRate( 10, 10 );
66 SetVirtualSize( 92, 97 );
67 SetBackgroundColour( *wxWHITE );
68 }
69
70 void MySimpleCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
71 {
72 wxPaintDC dc(this);
73 PrepareDC( dc );
74
75 dc.SetPen( *wxRED_PEN );
76 dc.SetBrush( *wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH );
77 dc.DrawRectangle( 0,0,92,97 );
78 }
79
80 // MySimpleFrame
81
82 class MySimpleFrame: public wxFrame
83 {
84 public:
85 MySimpleFrame();
86
87 void OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &event );
88
89 MySimpleCanvas *m_canvas;
90
91 private:
92 DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MySimpleFrame)
93 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
94 };
95
96
97 IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MySimpleFrame, wxFrame )
98
99 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MySimpleFrame,wxFrame)
100 EVT_MENU (ID_QUIT, MySimpleFrame::OnQuit)
101 END_EVENT_TABLE()
102
103 MySimpleFrame::MySimpleFrame()
104 : wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, wxID_ANY, _T("wxScrolledWindow sample"),
105 wxPoint(120,120), wxSize(150,150) )
106 {
107 wxMenu *file_menu = new wxMenu();
108 file_menu->Append( ID_QUIT, _T("E&xit\tAlt-X"));
109
110 wxMenuBar *menu_bar = new wxMenuBar();
111 menu_bar->Append(file_menu, _T("&File"));
112
113 SetMenuBar( menu_bar );
114
115 m_canvas = new MySimpleCanvas( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100) );
116 }
117
118 void MySimpleFrame::OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
119 {
120 Close( true );
121 }
122
123 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
124 // a complex example
125 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
126
127 // derived classes
128
129 class MyFrame;
130 class MyApp;
131
132 // MyCanvas
133
134 class MyCanvas: public wxScrolledWindow
135 {
136 public:
137 MyCanvas() {}
138 MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size );
139 ~MyCanvas(){};
140 void OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &event );
141 void OnQueryPosition( wxCommandEvent &event );
142 void OnAddButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
143 void OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
144 void OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
145 void OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &event );
146 void OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event );
147 void OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event );
148
149 wxButton *m_button;
150
151 DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas)
152 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
153 };
154
155
156 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
157 // Autoscrolling example.
158 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
159
160 // this class uses the 'virtual' size attribute along with an internal
161 // sizer to automatically set up scrollbars as needed
162
163 class MyAutoScrollWindow : public wxScrolledWindow
164 {
165 private:
166
167 wxButton *m_button;
168
169 public:
170
171 MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent );
172
173 void OnResizeClick( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED( event ) );
174
175 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
176 };
177
178
179 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 // MyScrolledWindow classes: examples of wxScrolledWindow usage
181 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
182
183 // base class for both of them
184 class MyScrolledWindowBase : public wxScrolledWindow
185 {
186 public:
187 MyScrolledWindowBase(wxWindow *parent)
188 : wxScrolledWindow(parent)
189 , m_nLines( 100 )
190 {
191 wxClientDC dc(this);
192 dc.GetTextExtent(_T("Line 17"), NULL, &m_hLine);
193 }
194
195 protected:
196 // the height of one line on screen
197 wxCoord m_hLine;
198
199 // the number of lines we draw
200 size_t m_nLines;
201 };
202
203 // this class does "stupid" redrawing - it redraws everything each time
204 // and sets the scrollbar extent directly.
205
206 class MyScrolledWindowDumb : public MyScrolledWindowBase
207 {
208 public:
209 MyScrolledWindowDumb(wxWindow *parent) : MyScrolledWindowBase(parent)
210 {
211 // no horz scrolling
212 SetScrollbars(0, m_hLine, 0, m_nLines + 1, 0, 0, true /* no refresh */);
213 }
214
215 virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
216 };
217
218 // this class does "smart" redrawing - only redraws the lines which must be
219 // redrawn and sets the scroll rate and virtual size to affect the
220 // scrollbars.
221 //
222 // Note that this class should produce identical results to the one above.
223
224 class MyScrolledWindowSmart : public MyScrolledWindowBase
225 {
226 public:
227 MyScrolledWindowSmart(wxWindow *parent) : MyScrolledWindowBase(parent)
228 {
229 // no horz scrolling
230 SetScrollRate( 0, m_hLine );
231 SetVirtualSize( wxDefaultCoord, ( m_nLines + 1 ) * m_hLine );
232 }
233
234 virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
235 };
236
237 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
238 // MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow: implements a text viewer with simple blocksize
239 // selection to test auto-scrolling functionality
240 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
241
242 class MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow : public wxScrolledWindow
243 {
244 protected: // member data
245 // test data variables
246 static const wxChar* sm_testData;
247 static const int sm_lineCnt; // line count
248 static const int sm_lineLen; // line length in characters
249 // sizes for graphical data
250 wxCoord m_fontH, m_fontW;
251 // selection tracking
252 wxPoint m_selStart; // beginning of blockwise selection
253 wxPoint m_cursor; // end of blockwise selection (mouse position)
254
255 protected: // gui stuff
256 wxFont m_font;
257
258 public: // interface
259 MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( wxWindow* parent );
260 wxRect DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const;
261 wxPoint DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const;
262 wxPoint GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(wxPoint pos) const;
263 wxRect LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const;
264 wxPoint LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const;
265 wxPoint GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint pos) const;
266 void MyRefresh();
267 bool IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const;
268 static bool IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2);
269 static wxRect DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y, wxCoord w, wxCoord h);
270
271 protected: // event stuff
272 void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
273 void OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event);
274 void OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
275 void OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event);
276 void OnMouseCaptureLost(wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& event);
277 void OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event);
278
279 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
280 };
281
282 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
283 // MyFrame
284 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
285
286 class MyFrame: public wxFrame
287 {
288 public:
289 MyFrame();
290
291 void OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &event );
292 void OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &event );
293 void OnDeleteAll( wxCommandEvent &event );
294 void OnInsertNew( wxCommandEvent &event );
295
296 MyCanvas *m_canvas;
297 wxTextCtrl *m_log;
298
299 DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyFrame)
300 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
301 };
302
303 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
304 // MyApp
305 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
306
307 class MyApp: public wxApp
308 {
309 public:
310 virtual bool OnInit();
311 };
312
313
314 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
315 // main program
316 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
317
318 IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
319
320 // ids
321
322 const long ID_ADDBUTTON = wxNewId();
323 const long ID_DELBUTTON = wxNewId();
324 const long ID_MOVEBUTTON = wxNewId();
325 const long ID_SCROLLWIN = wxNewId();
326 const long ID_QUERYPOS = wxNewId();
327
328 const long ID_NEWBUTTON = wxNewId();
329
330 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
331 // MyCanvas
332 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
333
334 IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
335
336 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
337 EVT_PAINT( MyCanvas::OnPaint)
338 EVT_RIGHT_DOWN( MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown)
339 EVT_MOUSEWHEEL( MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel)
340 EVT_BUTTON( ID_QUERYPOS, MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition)
341 EVT_BUTTON( ID_ADDBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnAddButton)
342 EVT_BUTTON( ID_DELBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton)
343 EVT_BUTTON( ID_MOVEBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnMoveButton)
344 EVT_BUTTON( ID_SCROLLWIN, MyCanvas::OnScrollWin)
345 END_EVENT_TABLE()
346
347 MyCanvas::MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
348 const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size )
349 : wxScrolledWindow( parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL, _T("test canvas") )
350 {
351 SetScrollRate( 10, 10 );
352 SetVirtualSize( 500, 1000 );
353
354 (void) new wxButton( this, ID_ADDBUTTON, _T("add button"), wxPoint(10,10) );
355 (void) new wxButton( this, ID_DELBUTTON, _T("del button"), wxPoint(10,40) );
356 (void) new wxButton( this, ID_MOVEBUTTON, _T("move button"), wxPoint(150,10) );
357 (void) new wxButton( this, ID_SCROLLWIN, _T("scroll win"), wxPoint(250,10) );
358
359 #if 0
360
361 wxString choices[] =
362 {
363 "This",
364 "is one of my",
365 "really",
366 "wonderful",
367 "examples."
368 };
369
370 m_button = new wxButton( this, ID_QUERYPOS, "Query position", wxPoint(10,110) );
371
372 (void) new wxTextCtrl( this, wxID_ANY, "wxTextCtrl", wxPoint(10,150), wxSize(80,wxDefaultCoord) );
373
374 (void) new wxRadioButton( this, wxID_ANY, "Disable", wxPoint(10,190) );
375
376 (void) new wxComboBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,230), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices );
377
378 (void) new wxRadioBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,310), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_COLS );
379
380 (void) new wxRadioBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,440), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_ROWS );
381
382 wxListCtrl *m_listCtrl = new wxListCtrl(
383 this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(200, 110), wxSize(180, 120),
384 wxLC_REPORT | wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxLC_SINGLE_SEL );
385
386 m_listCtrl->InsertColumn(0, "First", wxLIST_FORMAT_LEFT, 90);
387 m_listCtrl->InsertColumn(1, "Last", wxLIST_FORMAT_LEFT, 90);
388
389 for ( int i=0; i < 30; i++)
390 {
391 char buf[20];
392 sprintf(buf, "Item %d", i);
393 m_listCtrl->InsertItem(i, buf);
394 }
395 m_listCtrl->SetItemState( 3, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED );
396
397 (void) new wxListBox( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(260,280), wxSize(120,120), 5, choices, wxLB_ALWAYS_SB );
398
399 #endif
400
401 wxPanel *test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(10, 110), wxSize(130,50), wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
402 test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") );
403
404 #if 0
405
406 wxButton *test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) );
407
408 test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(160, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
409 test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") );
410 test->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_NO_ENTRY ) );
411 test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) );
412 test2->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_PENCIL ) );
413
414 test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(310, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxRAISED_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
415 test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") );
416 test->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_PENCIL ) );
417 test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) );
418 test2->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_NO_ENTRY ) );
419
420 #endif
421
422 SetBackgroundColour( wxT("BLUE") );
423
424 SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_IBEAM ) );
425 }
426
427 void MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event )
428 {
429 wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
430 int x,y;
431 CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
432 wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y, x, y );
433 }
434
435 void MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event )
436 {
437 wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
438 int x,y;
439 CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
440 wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse wheel event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d\n")
441 wxT("Rotation: %d, delta = %d"),
442 pt.x, pt.y, x, y,
443 event.GetWheelRotation(), event.GetWheelDelta() );
444
445 event.Skip();
446 }
447
448 void MyCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
449 {
450 wxPaintDC dc( this );
451 PrepareDC( dc );
452
453 dc.DrawText( _T("Press mouse button to test calculations!"), 160, 50 );
454
455 dc.DrawText( _T("Some text"), 140, 140 );
456
457 dc.DrawRectangle( 100, 160, 200, 200 );
458 }
459
460 void MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
461 {
462 wxPoint pt( m_button->GetPosition() );
463 wxLogMessage( wxT("Position of \"Query position\" is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
464 pt = ClientToScreen( pt );
465 wxLogMessage( wxT("Position of \"Query position\" on screen is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
466 }
467
468 void MyCanvas::OnAddButton( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
469 {
470 wxLogMessage( wxT("Inserting button at position 10,70...") );
471 wxButton *button = new wxButton( this, ID_NEWBUTTON, wxT("new button"), wxPoint(10,70), wxSize(80,25) );
472 wxPoint pt( button->GetPosition() );
473 wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position after inserting %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
474 }
475
476 void MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
477 {
478 wxLogMessage( wxT("Deleting button inserted with \"Add button\"...") );
479 wxWindow *win = FindWindow( ID_NEWBUTTON );
480 if (win)
481 win->Destroy();
482 else
483 wxLogMessage( wxT("-> No window with id = ID_NEWBUTTON found.") );
484 }
485
486 void MyCanvas::OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event )
487 {
488 wxLogMessage( wxT("Moving button 10 pixels downward..") );
489 wxWindow *win = FindWindow( event.GetId() );
490 wxPoint pt( win->GetPosition() );
491 wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position before move is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
492 win->Move( wxDefaultCoord, pt.y + 10 );
493 pt = win->GetPosition();
494 wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position after move is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
495 }
496
497 void MyCanvas::OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
498 {
499 wxLogMessage( wxT("Scrolling 2 units up.\nThe white square and the controls should move equally!") );
500 int x,y;
501 GetViewStart( &x, &y );
502 Scroll( wxDefaultCoord, y+2 );
503 }
504
505 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
506 // MyAutoScrollWindow
507 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
508
509 const long ID_RESIZEBUTTON = wxNewId();
510 const wxSize SMALL_BUTTON( 100, 50 );
511 const wxSize LARGE_BUTTON( 300, 100 );
512
513 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE( MyAutoScrollWindow, wxScrolledWindow)
514 EVT_BUTTON( ID_RESIZEBUTTON, MyAutoScrollWindow::OnResizeClick)
515 END_EVENT_TABLE()
516
517 MyAutoScrollWindow::MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent )
518 : wxScrolledWindow( parent, -1, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
519 wxSUNKEN_BORDER|wxScrolledWindowStyle )
520 {
521 SetBackgroundColour( wxT("GREEN") );
522
523 // Set the rate we'd like for scrolling.
524
525 SetScrollRate( 5, 5 );
526
527 // Populate a sizer with a 'resizing' button and some
528 // other static decoration
529
530 wxFlexGridSizer *innersizer = new wxFlexGridSizer( 2, 2 );
531
532 m_button = new wxButton( this,
533 ID_RESIZEBUTTON,
534 _T("Press me"),
535 wxDefaultPosition,
536 SMALL_BUTTON );
537
538 m_button->SetSizeHints( SMALL_BUTTON.GetWidth(), SMALL_BUTTON.GetHeight() );
539
540 innersizer->Add( m_button,
541 0,
542 wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL,
543 20 );
544
545 innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("This is just") ),
546 0,
547 wxALIGN_CENTER );
548
549 innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("some decoration") ),
550 0,
551 wxALIGN_CENTER );
552
553 innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("for you to scroll...") ),
554 0,
555 wxALIGN_CENTER );
556
557 // Then use the sizer to set the scrolled region size.
558
559 SetSizer( innersizer );
560 }
561
562 void MyAutoScrollWindow::OnResizeClick( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED( event ) )
563 {
564 // Arbitrarily resize the button to change the minimum size of
565 // the (scrolled) sizer.
566
567 if( m_button->GetSize() == SMALL_BUTTON )
568 m_button->SetSizeHints( LARGE_BUTTON.GetWidth(), LARGE_BUTTON.GetHeight() );
569 else
570 m_button->SetSizeHints( SMALL_BUTTON.GetWidth(), SMALL_BUTTON.GetHeight() );
571
572 // Force update layout and scrollbars, since nothing we do here
573 // necessarily generates a size event which would do it for us.
574
575 FitInside();
576 }
577
578 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
579 // MyFrame
580 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
581
582 IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MyFrame, wxFrame )
583
584 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame,wxFrame)
585 EVT_MENU (ID_DELETE_ALL, MyFrame::OnDeleteAll)
586 EVT_MENU (ID_INSERT_NEW, MyFrame::OnInsertNew)
587 EVT_MENU (ID_ABOUT, MyFrame::OnAbout)
588 EVT_MENU (ID_QUIT, MyFrame::OnQuit)
589 END_EVENT_TABLE()
590
591 MyFrame::MyFrame()
592 : wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, wxID_ANY, _T("wxScrolledWindow sample"),
593 wxPoint(20,20), wxSize(800,500) )
594 {
595 wxMenu *file_menu = new wxMenu();
596 file_menu->Append( ID_DELETE_ALL, _T("Delete all"));
597 file_menu->Append( ID_INSERT_NEW, _T("Insert new"));
598 file_menu->Append( ID_ABOUT, _T("&About.."));
599 file_menu->Append( ID_QUIT, _T("E&xit\tAlt-X"));
600
601 wxMenuBar *menu_bar = new wxMenuBar();
602 menu_bar->Append(file_menu, _T("&File"));
603
604 SetMenuBar( menu_bar );
605
606 #if wxUSE_STATUSBAR
607 CreateStatusBar(2);
608 int widths[] = { -1, 100 };
609 SetStatusWidths( 2, widths );
610 #endif // wxUSE_STATUSBAR
611
612 wxBoxSizer *topsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxHORIZONTAL );
613 // subsizer splits topsizer down the middle
614 wxBoxSizer *subsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxVERTICAL );
615
616 // Setting an explicit size here is superfluous, it will be overridden
617 // by the sizer in any case.
618 m_canvas = new MyCanvas( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100) );
619
620 // This is done with ScrollRate/VirtualSize in MyCanvas ctor now,
621 // both should produce identical results.
622 //m_canvas->SetScrollbars( 10, 10, 50, 100 );
623
624 subsizer->Add( m_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND );
625 subsizer->Add( new MyAutoScrollWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
626
627 wxSizer *sizerBtm = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
628 sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowDumb(this), 1, wxEXPAND );
629 sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowSmart(this), 1, wxEXPAND );
630 subsizer->Add( sizerBtm, 1, wxEXPAND );
631
632 topsizer->Add( subsizer, 1, wxEXPAND );
633 topsizer->Add( new MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
634
635 SetSizer( topsizer );
636 }
637
638 void MyFrame::OnDeleteAll( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
639 {
640 m_canvas->DestroyChildren();
641 }
642
643 void MyFrame::OnInsertNew( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
644 {
645 (void)new wxButton( m_canvas, wxID_ANY, _T("Hello"), wxPoint(100,100) );
646 }
647
648 void MyFrame::OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
649 {
650 Close( true );
651 }
652
653 void MyFrame::OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
654 {
655 (void)wxMessageBox( _T("wxScroll demo\n")
656 _T("Robert Roebling (c) 1998\n")
657 _T("Autoscrolling examples\n")
658 _T("Ron Lee (c) 2002\n")
659 _T("Auto-timed-scrolling example\n")
660 _T("Matt Gregory (c) 2003\n"),
661 _T("About wxScroll Demo"),
662 wxICON_INFORMATION | wxOK );
663 }
664
665 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
666 // MyApp
667 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
668
669 bool MyApp::OnInit()
670 {
671 if ( !wxApp::OnInit() )
672 return false;
673
674 wxFrame *frame = new MyFrame();
675 frame->Show( true );
676
677 frame = new MySimpleFrame();
678 frame->Show();
679
680 return true;
681 }
682
683 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
684 // MyScrolledWindowXXX
685 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
686
687 void MyScrolledWindowDumb::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
688 {
689 // this is useful to see which lines are redrawn
690 static size_t s_redrawCount = 0;
691 dc.SetTextForeground(s_redrawCount++ % 2 ? *wxRED : *wxBLUE);
692
693 wxCoord y = 0;
694 for ( size_t line = 0; line < m_nLines; line++ )
695 {
696 wxCoord yPhys;
697 CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys);
698
699 dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"),
700 unsigned(line), y, yPhys), 0, y);
701 y += m_hLine;
702 }
703 }
704
705 void MyScrolledWindowSmart::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
706 {
707 // this is useful to see which lines are redrawn
708 static size_t s_redrawCount = 0;
709 dc.SetTextForeground(s_redrawCount++ % 2 ? *wxRED : *wxBLUE);
710
711 // update region is always in device coords, translate to logical ones
712 wxRect rectUpdate = GetUpdateRegion().GetBox();
713 CalcUnscrolledPosition(rectUpdate.x, rectUpdate.y,
714 &rectUpdate.x, &rectUpdate.y);
715
716 size_t lineFrom = rectUpdate.y / m_hLine,
717 lineTo = rectUpdate.GetBottom() / m_hLine;
718
719 if ( lineTo > m_nLines - 1)
720 lineTo = m_nLines - 1;
721
722 wxCoord y = lineFrom*m_hLine;
723 for ( size_t line = lineFrom; line <= lineTo; line++ )
724 {
725 wxCoord yPhys;
726 CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys);
727
728 dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"),
729 unsigned(line), y, yPhys), 0, y);
730 y += m_hLine;
731 }
732 }
733
734 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
735 // MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow
736 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
737
738 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow, wxScrolledWindow)
739 EVT_LEFT_DOWN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown)
740 EVT_LEFT_UP(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp)
741 EVT_MOTION(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove)
742 EVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseCaptureLost)
743 EVT_SCROLLWIN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll)
744 END_EVENT_TABLE()
745
746 MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow(wxWindow* parent)
747 : wxScrolledWindow(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize
748 //, wxSUNKEN_BORDER) // can't seem to do it this way
749 , wxVSCROLL | wxHSCROLL | wxSUNKEN_BORDER)
750 , m_selStart(-1, -1), m_cursor(-1, -1)
751 , m_font(9, wxFONTFAMILY_TELETYPE, wxFONTSTYLE_NORMAL
752 , wxFONTWEIGHT_NORMAL)
753 {
754 wxClientDC dc(this);
755 // query dc for text size
756 dc.SetFont(m_font);
757 dc.GetTextExtent(wxString(_T("A")), &m_fontW, &m_fontH);
758 // set up the virtual window
759 SetScrollbars(m_fontW, m_fontH, sm_lineLen, sm_lineCnt);
760 }
761
762 wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars
763 (wxRect updRect) const
764 {
765 wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition());
766 pos = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos);
767 updRect.x = pos.x;
768 updRect.y = pos.y;
769 updRect.width /= m_fontW;
770 updRect.height /= m_fontH;
771 // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner,
772 // so an off-by-one correction is needed
773 ++updRect.width; // kludge
774 ++updRect.height; // kludge
775 return updRect;
776 }
777
778 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars
779 (wxPoint pos) const
780 {
781 pos.x /= m_fontW;
782 pos.y /= m_fontH;
783 int vX, vY;
784 GetViewStart(&vX, &vY);
785 pos.x += vX;
786 pos.y += vY;
787 return pos;
788 }
789
790 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords
791 (wxPoint pos) const
792 {
793 int vX, vY;
794 GetViewStart(&vX, &vY);
795 pos.x -= vX;
796 pos.y -= vY;
797 pos.x *= m_fontW;
798 pos.y *= m_fontH;
799 return pos;
800 }
801
802 wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars
803 (wxRect updRect) const
804 {
805 wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition());
806 pos = LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos);
807 updRect.x = pos.x;
808 updRect.y = pos.y;
809 updRect.width /= m_fontW;
810 updRect.height /= m_fontH;
811 // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner,
812 // so an off-by-one correction is needed
813 ++updRect.width; // kludge
814 ++updRect.height; // kludge
815 return updRect;
816 }
817
818 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars
819 (wxPoint pos) const
820 {
821 pos.x /= m_fontW;
822 pos.y /= m_fontH;
823 return pos;
824 }
825
826 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords
827 (wxPoint pos) const
828 {
829 pos.x *= m_fontW;
830 pos.y *= m_fontH;
831 return pos;
832 }
833
834 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyRefresh()
835 {
836 static wxPoint lastSelStart(-1, -1), lastCursor(-1, -1);
837 // refresh last selected area (to deselect previously selected text)
838 wxRect lastUpdRect(
839 GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastSelStart),
840 GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastCursor)
841 );
842 // off-by-one corrections, necessary because it's not possible to know
843 // when to round up until rect is normalized by lastUpdRect constructor
844 lastUpdRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge
845 lastUpdRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge
846 // refresh currently selected (to select previously unselected text)
847 wxRect updRect(
848 GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_selStart),
849 GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_cursor)
850 );
851 // off-by-one corrections
852 updRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge
853 updRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge
854 // find necessary refresh areas
855 wxCoord rx = lastUpdRect.x;
856 wxCoord ry = lastUpdRect.y;
857 wxCoord rw = updRect.x - lastUpdRect.x;
858 wxCoord rh = lastUpdRect.height;
859 if (rw && rh) {
860 RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
861 }
862 rx = updRect.x;
863 ry = updRect.y + updRect.height;
864 rw= updRect.width;
865 rh = (lastUpdRect.y + lastUpdRect.height) - (updRect.y + updRect.height);
866 if (rw && rh) {
867 RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
868 }
869 rx = updRect.x + updRect.width;
870 ry = lastUpdRect.y;
871 rw = (lastUpdRect.x + lastUpdRect.width) - (updRect.x + updRect.width);
872 rh = lastUpdRect.height;
873 if (rw && rh) {
874 RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
875 }
876 rx = updRect.x;
877 ry = lastUpdRect.y;
878 rw = updRect.width;
879 rh = updRect.y - lastUpdRect.y;
880 if (rw && rh) {
881 RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
882 }
883 // update last
884 lastSelStart = m_selStart;
885 lastCursor = m_cursor;
886 }
887
888 bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const
889 {
890 if (IsInside(chX, m_selStart.x, m_cursor.x)
891 && IsInside(chY, m_selStart.y, m_cursor.y)) {
892 return true;
893 }
894 return false;
895 }
896
897 bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2)
898 {
899 if ((k >= bound1 && k <= bound2) || (k >= bound2 && k <= bound1)) {
900 return true;
901 }
902 return false;
903 }
904
905 wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y
906 , wxCoord w, wxCoord h)
907 {
908 // this is needed to get rid of the graphical remnants from the selection
909 // I think it's because DrawRectangle() excludes a pixel in either direction
910 const int kludge = 1;
911 // make (x, y) the top-left corner
912 if (w < 0) {
913 w = -w + kludge;
914 x -= w;
915 } else {
916 x -= kludge;
917 w += kludge;
918 }
919 if (h < 0) {
920 h = -h + kludge;
921 y -= h;
922 } else {
923 y -= kludge;
924 h += kludge;
925 }
926 return wxRect(x, y, w, h);
927 }
928
929 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
930 {
931 dc.SetFont(m_font);
932 wxBrush normBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOW)
933 , wxSOLID);
934 wxBrush selBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT)
935 , wxSOLID);
936 dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
937 wxString str = sm_testData;
938
939 // draw the characters
940 // 1. for each update region
941 for (wxRegionIterator upd(GetUpdateRegion()); upd; ++upd) {
942 wxRect updRect = upd.GetRect();
943 wxRect updRectInGChars(DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(updRect));
944 // 2. for each row of chars in the update region
945 for (int chY = updRectInGChars.y
946 ; chY <= updRectInGChars.y + updRectInGChars.height; ++chY) {
947 // 3. for each character in the row
948 for (int chX = updRectInGChars.x
949 ; chX <= updRectInGChars.x + updRectInGChars.width
950 ; ++chX) {
951 // 4. set up dc
952 if (IsSelected(chX, chY)) {
953 dc.SetBrush(selBrush);
954 dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour
955 (wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHTTEXT));
956 } else {
957 dc.SetBrush(normBrush);
958 dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour
959 (wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOWTEXT));
960 }
961 // 5. find position info
962 wxPoint charPos = GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint
963 (chX, chY));
964 // 6. draw!
965 dc.DrawRectangle(charPos.x, charPos.y, m_fontW, m_fontH);
966 size_t charIndex = chY * sm_lineLen + chX;
967 if (chY < sm_lineCnt &&
968 chX < sm_lineLen &&
969 charIndex < str.Length())
970 {
971 dc.DrawText(str.Mid(charIndex,1),
972 charPos.x, charPos.y);
973 }
974 }
975 }
976 }
977 }
978
979 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event)
980 {
981 // initial press of mouse button sets the beginning of the selection
982 m_selStart = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition());
983 // set the cursor to the same position
984 m_cursor = m_selStart;
985 // draw/erase selection
986 MyRefresh();
987 }
988
989 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
990 {
991 // this test is necessary
992 if (HasCapture()) {
993 // uncapture mouse
994 ReleaseMouse();
995 }
996 }
997
998 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event)
999 {
1000 // if user is dragging
1001 if (event.Dragging() && event.LeftIsDown()) {
1002 // set the new cursor position
1003 m_cursor = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition());
1004 // draw/erase selection
1005 MyRefresh();
1006 // capture mouse to activate auto-scrolling
1007 if (!HasCapture()) {
1008 CaptureMouse();
1009 }
1010 }
1011 }
1012
1013 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseCaptureLost(wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
1014 {
1015 // we only capture mouse for timed scrolling, so nothing is needed here
1016 // other than making sure to not call event.Skip()
1017 }
1018
1019 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event)
1020 {
1021 // need to move the cursor when autoscrolling
1022 // FIXME: the cursor also moves when the scrollbar arrows are clicked
1023 if (HasCapture()) {
1024 if (event.GetOrientation() == wxHORIZONTAL) {
1025 if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
1026 --m_cursor.x;
1027 } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
1028 ++m_cursor.x;
1029 }
1030 } else if (event.GetOrientation() == wxVERTICAL) {
1031 if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
1032 --m_cursor.y;
1033 } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
1034 ++m_cursor.y;
1035 }
1036 }
1037 }
1038 MyRefresh();
1039 event.Skip();
1040 }
1041
1042 const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineCnt = 125;
1043 const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineLen = 79;
1044 const wxChar* MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_testData =
1045 _T("162 Cult of the genius out of vanity. Because we think well of ourselves, but ")
1046 _T("nonetheless never suppose ourselves capable of producing a painting like one of ")
1047 _T("Raphael's or a dramatic scene like one of Shakespeare's, we convince ourselves ")
1048 _T("that the capacity to do so is quite extraordinarily marvelous, a wholly ")
1049 _T("uncommon accident, or, if we are still religiously inclined, a mercy from on ")
1050 _T("high. Thus our vanity, our self-love, promotes the cult of the genius: for only ")
1051 _T("if we think of him as being very remote from us, as a miraculum, does he not ")
1052 _T("aggrieve us (even Goethe, who was without envy, called Shakespeare his star of ")
1053 _T("the most distant heights [\"William! Stern der schonsten Ferne\": from Goethe's, ")
1054 _T("\"Between Two Worlds\"]; in regard to which one might recall the lines: \"the ")
1055 _T("stars, these we do not desire\" [from Goethe's, \"Comfort in Tears\"]). But, aside ")
1056 _T("from these suggestions of our vanity, the activity of the genius seems in no ")
1057 _T("way fundamentally different from the activity of the inventor of machines, the ")
1058 _T("scholar of astronomy or history, the master of tactics. All these activities ")
1059 _T("are explicable if one pictures to oneself people whose thinking is active in ")
1060 _T("one direction, who employ everything as material, who always zealously observe ")
1061 _T("their own inner life and that of others, who perceive everywhere models and ")
1062 _T("incentives, who never tire of combining together the means available to them. ")
1063 _T("Genius too does nothing except learn first how to lay bricks then how to build, ")
1064 _T("except continually seek for material and continually form itself around it. ")
1065 _T("Every activity of man is amazingly complicated, not only that of the genius: ")
1066 _T("but none is a \"miracle.\" Whence, then, the belief that genius exists only in ")
1067 _T("the artist, orator and philosopher? that only they have \"intuition\"? (Whereby ")
1068 _T("they are supposed to possess a kind of miraculous eyeglass with which they can ")
1069 _T("see directly into \"the essence of the thing\"!) It is clear that people speak of ")
1070 _T("genius only where the effects of the great intellect are most pleasant to them ")
1071 _T("and where they have no desire to feel envious. To call someone \"divine\" means: ")
1072 _T("\"here there is no need for us to compete.\" Then, everything finished and ")
1073 _T("complete is regarded with admiration, everything still becoming is undervalued. ")
1074 _T("But no one can see in the work of the artist how it has become; that is its ")
1075 _T("advantage, for wherever one can see the act of becoming one grows somewhat ")
1076 _T("cool. The finished and perfect art of representation repulses all thinking as ")
1077 _T("to how it has become; it tyrannizes as present completeness and perfection. ")
1078 _T("That is why the masters of the art of representation count above all as gifted ")
1079 _T("with genius and why men of science do not. In reality, this evaluation of the ")
1080 _T("former and undervaluation of the latter is only a piece of childishness in the ")
1081 _T("realm of reason. ")
1082 _T("\n\n")
1083 _T("163 The serious workman. Do not talk about giftedness, inborn talents! One can ")
1084 _T("name great men of all kinds who were very little gifted. The acquired ")
1085 _T("greatness, became \"geniuses\" (as we put it), through qualities the lack of ")
1086 _T("which no one who knew what they were would boast of: they all possessed that ")
1087 _T("seriousness of the efficient workman which first learns to construct the parts ")
1088 _T("properly before it ventures to fashion a great whole; they allowed themselves ")
1089 _T("time for it, because they took more pleasure in making the little, secondary ")
1090 _T("things well than in the effect of a dazzling whole. the recipe for becoming a ")
1091 _T("good novelist, for example, is easy to give, but to carry it out presupposes ")
1092 _T("qualities one is accustomed to overlook when one says \"I do not have enough ")
1093 _T("talent.\" One has only to make a hundred or so sketches for novels, none longer ")
1094 _T("than two pages but of such distinctness that every word in them is necessary; ")
1095 _T("one should write down anecdotes each day until one has learned how to give them ")
1096 _T("the most pregnant and effective form; one should be tireless in collecting and ")
1097 _T("describing human types and characters; one should above all relate things to ")
1098 _T("others and listen to others relate, keeping one's eyes and ears open for the ")
1099 _T("effect produced on those present, one should travel like a landscape painter or ")
1100 _T("costume designer; one should excerpt for oneself out of the individual sciences ")
1101 _T("everything that will produce an artistic effect when it is well described, one ")
1102 _T("should, finally, reflect on the motives of human actions, disdain no signpost ")
1103 _T("to instruction about them and be a collector of these things by day and night. ")
1104 _T("One should continue in this many-sided exercise some ten years: what is then ")
1105 _T("created in the workshop, however, will be fit to go out into the world. What, ")
1106 _T("however, do most people do? They begin, not with the parts, but with the whole. ")
1107 _T("Perhaps they chance to strike a right note, excite attention and from then on ")
1108 _T("strike worse and worse notes, for good, natural reasons. Sometimes, when the ")
1109 _T("character and intellect needed to formulate such a life-plan are lacking, fate ")
1110 _T("and need take their place and lead the future master step by step through all ")
1111 _T("the stipulations of his trade. ")
1112 _T("\n\n")
1113 _T("164 Peril and profit in the cult of the genius. The belief in great, superior, ")
1114 _T("fruitful spirits is not necessarily, yet nonetheless is very frequently ")
1115 _T("associated with that religious or semi-religious superstition that these ")
1116 _T("spirits are of supra-human origin and possess certain miraculous abilities by ")
1117 _T("virtue of which they acquire their knowledge by quite other means than the rest ")
1118 _T("of mankind. One ascribes to them, it seems, a direct view of the nature of the ")
1119 _T("world, as it were a hole in the cloak of appearance, and believes that, by ")
1120 _T("virtue of this miraculous seer's vision, they are able to communicate something ")
1121 _T("conclusive and decisive about man and the world without the toil and ")
1122 _T("rigorousness required by science. As long as there continue to be those who ")
1123 _T("believe in the miraculous in the domain of knowledge one can perhaps concede ")
1124 _T("that these people themselves derive some benefit from their belief, inasmuch as ")
1125 _T("through their unconditional subjection to the great spirits they create for ")
1126 _T("their own spirit during its time of development the finest form of discipline ")
1127 _T("and schooling. On the other hand, it is at least questionable whether the ")
1128 _T("superstitious belief in genius, in its privileges and special abilities, is of ")
1129 _T("benefit to the genius himself if it takes root in him. It is in any event a ")
1130 _T("dangerous sign when a man is assailed by awe of himself, whether it be the ")
1131 _T("celebrated Caesar's awe of Caesar or the awe of one's own genius now under ")
1132 _T("consideration; when the sacrificial incense which is properly rendered only to ")
1133 _T("a god penetrates the brain of the genius, so that his head begins to swim and ")
1134 _T("he comes to regard himself as something supra-human. The consequences that ")
1135 _T("slowly result are: the feeling of irresponsibility, of exceptional rights, the ")
1136 _T("belief that he confers a favor by his mere presence, insane rage when anyone ")
1137 _T("attempts even to compare him with others, let alone to rate him beneath them, ")
1138 _T("or to draw attention to lapses in his work. Because he ceases to practice ")
1139 _T("criticism of himself, at last one pinion after the other falls out of his ")
1140 _T("plumage: that superstitious eats at the roots of his powers and perhaps even ")
1141 _T("turns him into a hypocrite after his powers have fled from him. For the great ")
1142 _T("spirits themselves it is therefore probably more beneficial if they acquire an ")
1143 _T("insight into the nature and origin of their powers, if they grasp, that is to ")
1144 _T("say, what purely human qualities have come together in them and what fortunate ")
1145 _T("circumstances attended them: in the first place undiminished energy, resolute ")
1146 _T("application to individual goals, great personal courage, then the good fortune ")
1147 _T("to receive an upbringing which offered in the early years the finest teachers, ")
1148 _T("models and methods. To be sure, when their goal is the production of the ")
1149 _T("greatest possible effect, unclarity with regard to oneself and that ")
1150 _T("semi-insanity superadded to it has always achieved much; for what has been ")
1151 _T("admired and envied at all times has been that power in them by virtue of which ")
1152 _T("they render men will-less and sweep them away into the delusion that the ")
1153 _T("leaders they are following are supra-natural. Indeed, it elevates and inspires ")
1154 _T("men to believe that someone is in possession of supra-natural powers: to this ")
1155 _T("extent Plato was right to say [Plato: Phaedrus, 244a] that madness has brought ")
1156 _T("the greatest of blessings upon mankind. In rare individual cases this portion ")
1157 _T("of madness may, indeed, actually have been the means by which such a nature, ")
1158 _T("excessive in all directions, was held firmly together: in the life of ")
1159 _T("individuals, too, illusions that are in themselves poisons often play the role ")
1160 _T("of healers; yet, in the end, in the case of every \"genius\" who believes in his ")
1161 _T("own divinity the poison shows itself to the same degree as his \"genius\" grows ")
1162 _T("old: one may recall, for example, the case of Napoleon, whose nature certainly ")
1163 _T("grew into the mighty unity that sets him apart from all men of modern times ")
1164 _T("precisely through his belief in himself and his star and through the contempt ")
1165 _T("for men that flowed from it; until in the end, however, this same belief went ")
1166 _T("over into an almost insane fatalism, robbed him of his acuteness and swiftness ")
1167 _T("of perception, and became the cause of his destruction.");