include/wx/string.h

   1 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   2 // Name:        string.h
   3 // Purpose:     wxString and wxArrayString classes
   4 // Author:      Vadim Zeitlin
   5 // Modified by:
   6 // Created:     29/01/98
   7 // RCS-ID:      $Id$
   8 // Copyright:   (c) 1998 Vadim Zeitlin <zeitlin@dptmaths.ens-cachan.fr>
   9 // Licence:     wxWindows license
  10 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  11
  12 #ifndef _WX_WXSTRINGH__
  13 #define _WX_WXSTRINGH__
  14
  15 #ifdef __GNUG__
  16 #pragma interface "string.h"
  17 #endif
  18
  19 #ifdef __WXMAC__
  20     #include <ctype.h>
  21 #endif
  22
  23 #include <string.h>
  24 #include <stdio.h>
  25 #include <stdarg.h>
  26 #include <limits.h>
  27 #include <stdlib.h>
  28
  29 #ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
  30     #include <strings.h>    // for strcasecmp()
  31 #endif // AIX
  32
  33 #ifndef  WX_PRECOMP
  34   #include "wx/defs.h"
  35
  36   #ifdef    WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
  37     #include "wx/object.h"
  38   #endif
  39 #endif // !PCH
  40
  41 #include "wx/debug.h"
  42 #include "wx/wxchar.h"
  43 #include "wx/buffer.h"
  44
  45 /*
  46     Efficient string class [more or less] compatible with MFC CString,
  47     wxWindows version 1 wxString and std::string and some handy functions
  48     missing from string.h.
  49 */
  50
  51 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  52 // macros
  53 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  54
  55 // compile the std::string compatibility functions if defined
  56 #define   wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
  57
  58 // define to derive wxString from wxObject
  59 #ifdef    WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
  60 #undef    WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
  61 #endif
  62
  63 // maximum possible length for a string means "take all string" everywhere
  64 //  (as sizeof(StringData) is unknown here we substract 100)
  65 const unsigned int wxSTRING_MAXLEN = UINT_MAX - 100;
  66
  67 // 'naughty' cast
  68 #define   WXSTRINGCAST (wxChar *)(const wxChar *)
  69 #define   MBSTRINGCAST (char *)(const char *)
  70 #define   WCSTRINGCAST (wchar_t *)(const wchar_t *)
  71
  72 // implementation only
  73 #define   ASSERT_VALID_INDEX(i) wxASSERT( (unsigned)(i) <= Len() )
  74
  75 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  76 // Global functions complementing standard C string library replacements for
  77 // strlen() and portable strcasecmp()
  78 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  79 // USE wx* FUNCTIONS IN wx/wxchar.h INSTEAD - THIS IS ONLY FOR BINARY COMPATIBILITY
  80
  81 // checks whether the passed in pointer is NULL and if the string is empty
  82 inline bool WXDLLEXPORT IsEmpty(const char *p) { return (!p || !*p); }
  83
  84 // safe version of strlen() (returns 0 if passed NULL pointer)
  85 inline size_t WXDLLEXPORT Strlen(const char *psz)
  86   { return psz ? strlen(psz) : 0; }
  87
  88 // portable strcasecmp/_stricmp
  89 inline int WXDLLEXPORT Stricmp(const char *psz1, const char *psz2)
  90 {
  91 #if     defined(__VISUALC__) || ( defined(__MWERKS__) && defined(__INTEL__) )
  92   return _stricmp(psz1, psz2);
  93 #elif     defined(__SC__)
  94   return _stricmp(psz1, psz2);
  95 #elif     defined(__SALFORDC__)
  96   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
  97 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
  98   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
  99 #elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
 100   return stricmp(psz1, psz2);
 101 #elif   defined(__UNIX__) || defined(__GNUWIN32__)
 102   return strcasecmp(psz1, psz2);
 103 #elif defined(__MWERKS__) && !defined(__INTEL__)
 104   register char c1, c2;
 105   do {
 106     c1 = tolower(*psz1++);
 107     c2 = tolower(*psz2++);
 108   } while ( c1 && (c1 == c2) );
 109
 110   return c1 - c2;
 111 #else
 112   // almost all compilers/libraries provide this function (unfortunately under
 113   // different names), that's why we don't implement our own which will surely
 114   // be more efficient than this code (uncomment to use):
 115   /*
 116     register char c1, c2;
 117     do {
 118       c1 = tolower(*psz1++);
 119       c2 = tolower(*psz2++);
 120     } while ( c1 && (c1 == c2) );
 121
 122     return c1 - c2;
 123   */
 124
 125   #error  "Please define string case-insensitive compare for your OS/compiler"
 126 #endif  // OS/compiler
 127 }
 128
 129 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 130 // global data
 131 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 132
 133 WXDLLEXPORT_DATA(extern const wxChar*) wxEmptyString;
 134
 135 // global pointer to empty string
 136 WXDLLEXPORT_DATA(extern const wxChar*) g_szNul;
 137
 138 // return an empty wxString
 139 class WXDLLEXPORT wxString; // not yet defined
 140 inline const wxString& wxGetEmptyString() { return *(wxString *)&g_szNul; }
 141
 142 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 143 // string data prepended with some housekeeping info (used by wxString class),
 144 // is never used directly (but had to be put here to allow inlining)
 145 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 146 struct WXDLLEXPORT wxStringData
 147 {
 148   int     nRefs;        // reference count
 149   size_t  nDataLength,  // actual string length
 150           nAllocLength; // allocated memory size
 151
 152   // mimics declaration 'wxChar data[nAllocLength]'
 153   wxChar* data() const { return (wxChar*)(this + 1); }
 154
 155   // empty string has a special ref count so it's never deleted
 156   bool  IsEmpty()   const { return (nRefs == -1); }
 157   bool  IsShared()  const { return (nRefs > 1);   }
 158
 159   // lock/unlock
 160   void  Lock()   { if ( !IsEmpty() ) nRefs++;                    }
 161   void  Unlock() { if ( !IsEmpty() && --nRefs == 0) free(this);  }
 162
 163   // if we had taken control over string memory (GetWriteBuf), it's
 164   // intentionally put in invalid state
 165   void  Validate(bool b)  { nRefs = (b ? 1 : 0); }
 166   bool  IsValid() const   { return (nRefs != 0); }
 167 };
 168
 169 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 170 // types of multibyte<->Unicode conversions
 171 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 172 class WXDLLEXPORT wxMBConv
 173 {
 174  public:
 175   virtual size_t MB2WC(wchar_t *buf, const char *psz, size_t n) const;
 176   virtual size_t WC2MB(char *buf, const wchar_t *psz, size_t n) const;
 177   const wxWCharBuffer cMB2WC(const char *psz) const
 178     {
 179       size_t nLen = MB2WC((wchar_t *) NULL, psz, 0);
 180       wxWCharBuffer buf(nLen);
 181       MB2WC(WCSTRINGCAST buf, psz, nLen);
 182       return buf;
 183     }
 184   const wxCharBuffer cWC2MB(const wchar_t *psz) const
 185     {
 186       size_t nLen = WC2MB((char *) NULL, psz, 0);
 187       wxCharBuffer buf(nLen);
 188       WC2MB(MBSTRINGCAST buf, psz, nLen);
 189       return buf;
 190     }
 191 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 192   const wxWCharBuffer cMB2WX(const char *psz) const { return cMB2WC(psz); }
 193   const wxCharBuffer cWX2MB(const wchar_t *psz) const { return cWC2MB(psz); }
 194   const wchar_t* cWC2WX(const wchar_t *psz) const { return psz; }
 195   const wchar_t* cMB2WC(const wchar_t *psz) const { return psz; }
 196 #else
 197   const char* cMB2WX(const char *psz) const { return psz; }
 198   const char* cWX2MB(const char *psz) const { return psz; }
 199   const wxCharBuffer cWC2WX(const wchar_t *psz) const { return cWC2MB(psz); }
 200   const wxWCharBuffer cWX2WC(const char *psz) const { return cMB2WC(psz); }
 201 #endif
 202 };
 203 WXDLLEXPORT_DATA(extern wxMBConv) wxConv_libc, wxConv_UTF7, wxConv_UTF8;
 204 #define wxConv_file wxConv_libc
 205
 206 class WXDLLEXPORT wxCSConv : wxMBConv
 207 {
 208  private:
 209   wxChar *data;
 210  public:
 211   wxCSConv(const wxChar *charset);
 212   virtual size_t MB2WC(wchar_t *buf, const char *psz, size_t n);
 213   virtual size_t WC2MB(char *buf, const wchar_t *psz, size_t n);
 214 };
 215
 216 // filenames are multibyte on Unix and probably widechar on Windows?
 217 #ifdef __UNIX__
 218 #define wxMBFILES 1
 219 #else
 220 #define wxMBFILES 0
 221 #endif
 222
 223 #if wxMBFILES
 224 #define wxFNCONV(name) wxConv_file.cWX2MB(name)
 225 #define FNSTRINGCAST MBSTRINGCAST
 226 #else
 227 #define wxFNCONV(name) name
 228 #define FNSTRINGCAST WXSTRINGCAST
 229 #endif
 230
 231 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 232 // This is (yet another one) String class for C++ programmers. It doesn't use
 233 // any of "advanced" C++ features (i.e. templates, exceptions, namespaces...)
 234 // thus you should be able to compile it with practicaly any C++ compiler.
 235 // This class uses copy-on-write technique, i.e. identical strings share the
 236 // same memory as long as neither of them is changed.
 237 //
 238 // This class aims to be as compatible as possible with the new standard
 239 // std::string class, but adds some additional functions and should be at
 240 // least as efficient than the standard implementation.
 241 //
 242 // Performance note: it's more efficient to write functions which take "const
 243 // String&" arguments than "const char *" if you assign the argument to
 244 // another string.
 245 //
 246 // It was compiled and tested under Win32, Linux (libc 5 & 6), Solaris 5.5.
 247 //
 248 // To do:
 249 //  - ressource support (string tables in ressources)
 250 //  - more wide character (UNICODE) support
 251 //  - regular expressions support
 252 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 253
 254 #ifdef  WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
 255 class WXDLLEXPORT wxString : public wxObject
 256 {
 257     DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxString)
 258 #else   //WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
 259 class WXDLLEXPORT wxString
 260 {
 261 #endif  //WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
 262
 263 friend class WXDLLEXPORT wxArrayString;
 264
 265   // NB: special care was taken in arranging the member functions in such order
 266   //     that all inline functions can be effectively inlined, verify that all
 267   //     performace critical functions are still inlined if you change order!
 268 private:
 269   // points to data preceded by wxStringData structure with ref count info
 270   wxChar *m_pchData;
 271
 272   // accessor to string data
 273   wxStringData* GetStringData() const { return (wxStringData*)m_pchData - 1; }
 274
 275   // string (re)initialization functions
 276     // initializes the string to the empty value (must be called only from
 277     // ctors, use Reinit() otherwise)
 278   void Init() { m_pchData = (wxChar *)g_szNul; }
 279     // initializaes the string with (a part of) C-string
 280   void InitWith(const wxChar *psz, size_t nPos = 0, size_t nLen = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
 281     // as Init, but also frees old data
 282   void Reinit() { GetStringData()->Unlock(); Init(); }
 283
 284   // memory allocation
 285     // allocates memory for string of lenght nLen
 286   void AllocBuffer(size_t nLen);
 287     // copies data to another string
 288   void AllocCopy(wxString&, int, int) const;
 289     // effectively copies data to string
 290   void AssignCopy(size_t, const wxChar *);
 291
 292   // append a (sub)string
 293   void ConcatSelf(int nLen, const wxChar *src);
 294
 295   // functions called before writing to the string: they copy it if there
 296   // are other references to our data (should be the only owner when writing)
 297   void CopyBeforeWrite();
 298   void AllocBeforeWrite(size_t);
 299
 300   // this method is not implemented - there is _no_ conversion from int to
 301   // string, you're doing something wrong if the compiler wants to call it!
 302   //
 303   // try `s << i' or `s.Printf("%d", i)' instead
 304   wxString(int);
 305   wxString(long);
 306
 307 public:
 308   // constructors and destructor
 309     // ctor for an empty string
 310   wxString() { Init(); }
 311     // copy ctor
 312   wxString(const wxString& stringSrc)
 313   {
 314     wxASSERT( stringSrc.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
 315
 316     if ( stringSrc.IsEmpty() ) {
 317       // nothing to do for an empty string
 318       Init();
 319     }
 320     else {
 321       m_pchData = stringSrc.m_pchData;            // share same data
 322       GetStringData()->Lock();                    // => one more copy
 323     }
 324   }
 325     // string containing nRepeat copies of ch
 326   wxString(wxChar ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
 327     // ctor takes first nLength characters from C string
 328     // (default value of wxSTRING_MAXLEN means take all the string)
 329   wxString(const wxChar *psz, size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN)
 330     { InitWith(psz, 0, nLength); }
 331 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 332     // from multibyte string
 333     // (NB: nLength is right now number of Unicode characters, not
 334     //  characters in psz! So try not to use it yet!)
 335   wxString(const char *psz, wxMBConv& conv = wxConv_libc, size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
 336     // from wxWCharBuffer (i.e. return from wxGetString)
 337   wxString(const wxWCharBuffer& psz)
 338     { InitWith(psz, 0, wxSTRING_MAXLEN); }
 339 #else
 340     // from C string (for compilers using unsigned char)
 341   wxString(const unsigned char* psz, size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN)
 342     { InitWith((const char*)psz, 0, nLength); }
 343     // from wide (Unicode) string
 344   wxString(const wchar_t *pwz);
 345     // from wxCharBuffer
 346   wxString(const wxCharBuffer& psz)
 347     { InitWith(psz, 0, wxSTRING_MAXLEN); }
 348 #endif
 349     // dtor is not virtual, this class must not be inherited from!
 350  ~wxString() { GetStringData()->Unlock(); }
 351
 352   // generic attributes & operations
 353     // as standard strlen()
 354   size_t Len() const { return GetStringData()->nDataLength; }
 355     // string contains any characters?
 356   bool IsEmpty() const { return Len() == 0; }
 357     // empty string is "FALSE", so !str will return TRUE
 358   bool operator!() const { return IsEmpty(); }
 359     // empty string contents
 360   void Empty()
 361   {
 362     if ( !IsEmpty() )
 363       Reinit();
 364
 365     // should be empty
 366     wxASSERT( GetStringData()->nDataLength == 0 );
 367   }
 368     // empty the string and free memory
 369   void Clear()
 370   {
 371     if ( !GetStringData()->IsEmpty() )
 372       Reinit();
 373
 374     wxASSERT( GetStringData()->nDataLength == 0 );  // should be empty
 375     wxASSERT( GetStringData()->nAllocLength == 0 ); // and not own any memory
 376   }
 377
 378   // contents test
 379     // Is an ascii value
 380   bool IsAscii() const;
 381     // Is a number
 382   bool IsNumber() const;
 383     // Is a word
 384   bool IsWord() const;
 385
 386   // data access (all indexes are 0 based)
 387     // read access
 388     wxChar  GetChar(size_t n) const
 389       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n );  return m_pchData[n]; }
 390     // read/write access
 391     wxChar& GetWritableChar(size_t n)
 392       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); CopyBeforeWrite(); return m_pchData[n]; }
 393     // write access
 394     void  SetChar(size_t n, wxChar ch)
 395       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); CopyBeforeWrite(); m_pchData[n] = ch; }
 396
 397     // get last character
 398     wxChar  Last() const
 399       { wxASSERT( !IsEmpty() ); return m_pchData[Len() - 1]; }
 400     // get writable last character
 401     wxChar& Last()
 402       { wxASSERT( !IsEmpty() ); CopyBeforeWrite(); return m_pchData[Len()-1]; }
 403
 404     // under Unix it is tested with configure, assume it works on other
 405     // platforms (there might be overloading problems if size_t and int are
 406     // the same type)
 407 #if !defined(__UNIX__) || wxUSE_SIZE_T_STRING_OPERATOR
 408     // operator version of GetChar
 409     wxChar  operator[](size_t n) const
 410       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); return m_pchData[n]; }
 411 #endif
 412
 413     // operator version of GetChar
 414     wxChar  operator[](int n) const
 415       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); return m_pchData[n]; }
 416     // operator version of GetWritableChar
 417     wxChar& operator[](size_t n)
 418       { ASSERT_VALID_INDEX( n ); CopyBeforeWrite(); return m_pchData[n]; }
 419
 420     // implicit conversion to C string
 421     operator const wxChar*() const { return m_pchData; }
 422     // explicit conversion to C string (use this with printf()!)
 423     const wxChar* c_str()   const { return m_pchData; }
 424     //
 425     const wxChar* GetData() const { return m_pchData; }
 426 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 427     const wxCharBuffer mb_str(wxMBConv& conv = wxConv_libc) const { return conv.cWC2MB(m_pchData); }
 428     const wxChar* wc_str(wxMBConv& WXUNUSED(conv) = wxConv_libc) const { return m_pchData; }
 429 #if wxMBFILES
 430     const wxCharBuffer fn_str() const { return mb_str(wxConv_file); }
 431 #else
 432     const wxChar* fn_str() const { return m_pchData; }
 433 #endif
 434 #else
 435     const wxChar* mb_str(wxMBConv& WXUNUSED(conv) = wxConv_libc ) const { return m_pchData; }
 436     const wxWCharBuffer wc_str(wxMBConv& conv) const { return conv.cMB2WC(m_pchData); }
 437     const wxChar* fn_str() const { return m_pchData; }
 438 #endif
 439
 440   // overloaded assignment
 441     // from another wxString
 442   wxString& operator=(const wxString& stringSrc);
 443     // from a character
 444   wxString& operator=(wxChar ch);
 445     // from a C string
 446   wxString& operator=(const wxChar *psz);
 447 #if !wxUSE_UNICODE
 448     // from another kind of C string
 449   wxString& operator=(const unsigned char* psz);
 450     // from a wide string
 451   wxString& operator=(const wchar_t *pwz);
 452 #endif
 453
 454   // string concatenation
 455     // in place concatenation
 456     /*
 457         Concatenate and return the result. Note that the left to right
 458         associativity of << allows to write things like "str << str1 << str2
 459         << ..." (unlike with +=)
 460      */
 461       // string += string
 462   wxString& operator<<(const wxString& s)
 463   {
 464     wxASSERT( s.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
 465
 466     ConcatSelf(s.Len(), s);
 467     return *this;
 468   }
 469       // string += C string
 470   wxString& operator<<(const wxChar *psz)
 471     { ConcatSelf(wxStrlen(psz), psz); return *this; }
 472       // string += char
 473   wxString& operator<<(wxChar ch) { ConcatSelf(1, &ch); return *this; }
 474
 475       // string += string
 476   void operator+=(const wxString& s) { (void)operator<<(s); }
 477       // string += C string
 478   void operator+=(const wxChar *psz) { (void)operator<<(psz); }
 479       // string += char
 480   void operator+=(wxChar ch) { (void)operator<<(ch); }
 481
 482       // string += buffer (i.e. from wxGetString)
 483 #if wxUSE_UNICODE
 484   wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const wchar_t *)s); return *this; }
 485   void operator+=(const wxWCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const wchar_t *)s); }
 486 #else
 487   wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const char *)s); return *this; }
 488   void operator+=(const wxCharBuffer& s) { (void)operator<<((const char *)s); }
 489 #endif
 490
 491     // string += C string
 492   wxString& Append(const wxChar* psz)
 493     { ConcatSelf(wxStrlen(psz), psz); return *this; }
 494     // append count copies of given character
 495   wxString& Append(wxChar ch, size_t count = 1u)
 496     { wxString str(ch, count); return *this << str; }
 497
 498     // prepend a string, return the string itself
 499   wxString& Prepend(const wxString& str)
 500     { *this = str + *this; return *this; }
 501
 502     // non-destructive concatenation
 503       //
 504   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string1,  const wxString& string2);
 505       //
 506   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, wxChar ch);
 507       //
 508   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(wxChar ch, const wxString& string);
 509       //
 510   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, const wxChar *psz);
 511       //
 512   friend wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxChar *psz, const wxString& string);
 513
 514   // stream-like functions
 515       // insert an int into string
 516   wxString& operator<<(int i);
 517       // insert a float into string
 518   wxString& operator<<(float f);
 519       // insert a double into string
 520   wxString& operator<<(double d);
 521
 522   // string comparison
 523     // case-sensitive comparison (returns a value < 0, = 0 or > 0)
 524   int  Cmp(const wxChar *psz) const { return wxStrcmp(c_str(), psz); }
 525     // same as Cmp() but not case-sensitive
 526   int  CmpNoCase(const wxChar *psz) const { return wxStricmp(c_str(), psz); }
 527     // test for the string equality, either considering case or not
 528     // (if compareWithCase then the case matters)
 529   bool IsSameAs(const wxChar *psz, bool compareWithCase = TRUE) const
 530     { return (compareWithCase ? Cmp(psz) : CmpNoCase(psz)) == 0; }
 531
 532   // simple sub-string extraction
 533       // return substring starting at nFirst of length nCount (or till the end
 534       // if nCount = default value)
 535   wxString Mid(size_t nFirst, size_t nCount = wxSTRING_MAXLEN) const;
 536
 537     // operator version of Mid()
 538   wxString  operator()(size_t start, size_t len) const
 539     { return Mid(start, len); }
 540
 541       // get first nCount characters
 542   wxString Left(size_t nCount) const;
 543       // get last nCount characters
 544   wxString Right(size_t nCount) const;
 545       // get all characters before the first occurence of ch
 546       // (returns the whole string if ch not found)
 547   wxString BeforeFirst(wxChar ch) const;
 548       // get all characters before the last occurence of ch
 549       // (returns empty string if ch not found)
 550   wxString BeforeLast(wxChar ch) const;
 551       // get all characters after the first occurence of ch
 552       // (returns empty string if ch not found)
 553   wxString AfterFirst(wxChar ch) const;
 554       // get all characters after the last occurence of ch
 555       // (returns the whole string if ch not found)
 556   wxString AfterLast(wxChar ch) const;
 557
 558     // for compatibility only, use more explicitly named functions above
 559   wxString Before(wxChar ch) const { return BeforeLast(ch); }
 560   wxString After(wxChar ch) const { return AfterFirst(ch); }
 561
 562   // case conversion
 563       // convert to upper case in place, return the string itself
 564   wxString& MakeUpper();
 565       // convert to upper case, return the copy of the string
 566       // Here's something to remember: BC++ doesn't like returns in inlines.
 567   wxString Upper() const ;
 568       // convert to lower case in place, return the string itself
 569   wxString& MakeLower();
 570       // convert to lower case, return the copy of the string
 571   wxString Lower() const ;
 572
 573   // trimming/padding whitespace (either side) and truncating
 574       // remove spaces from left or from right (default) side
 575   wxString& Trim(bool bFromRight = TRUE);
 576       // add nCount copies chPad in the beginning or at the end (default)
 577   wxString& Pad(size_t nCount, wxChar chPad = _T(' '), bool bFromRight = TRUE);
 578       // truncate string to given length
 579   wxString& Truncate(size_t uiLen);
 580
 581   // searching and replacing
 582       // searching (return starting index, or -1 if not found)
 583   int Find(wxChar ch, bool bFromEnd = FALSE) const;   // like strchr/strrchr
 584       // searching (return starting index, or -1 if not found)
 585   int Find(const wxChar *pszSub) const;               // like strstr
 586       // replace first (or all of bReplaceAll) occurences of substring with
 587       // another string, returns the number of replacements made
 588   size_t Replace(const wxChar *szOld,
 589                  const wxChar *szNew,
 590                  bool bReplaceAll = TRUE);
 591
 592     // check if the string contents matches a mask containing '*' and '?'
 593   bool Matches(const wxChar *szMask) const;
 594
 595   // formated input/output
 596     // as sprintf(), returns the number of characters written or < 0 on error
 597   int Printf(const wxChar *pszFormat, ...);
 598     // as vprintf(), returns the number of characters written or < 0 on error
 599   int PrintfV(const wxChar* pszFormat, va_list argptr);
 600
 601   // raw access to string memory
 602     // ensure that string has space for at least nLen characters
 603     // only works if the data of this string is not shared
 604   void Alloc(size_t nLen);
 605     // minimize the string's memory
 606     // only works if the data of this string is not shared
 607   void Shrink();
 608     // get writable buffer of at least nLen bytes. Unget() *must* be called
 609     // a.s.a.p. to put string back in a reasonable state!
 610   wxChar *GetWriteBuf(size_t nLen);
 611     // call this immediately after GetWriteBuf() has been used
 612   void UngetWriteBuf();
 613
 614   // wxWindows version 1 compatibility functions
 615
 616   // use Mid()
 617   wxString SubString(size_t from, size_t to) const
 618       { return Mid(from, (to - from + 1)); }
 619     // values for second parameter of CompareTo function
 620   enum caseCompare {exact, ignoreCase};
 621     // values for first parameter of Strip function
 622   enum stripType {leading = 0x1, trailing = 0x2, both = 0x3};
 623
 624     // use Printf()
 625   int sprintf(const wxChar *pszFormat, ...);
 626
 627     // use Cmp()
 628   inline int CompareTo(const wxChar* psz, caseCompare cmp = exact) const
 629     { return cmp == exact ? Cmp(psz) : CmpNoCase(psz); }
 630
 631     // use Len
 632   size_t Length() const { return Len(); }
 633     // Count the number of characters
 634   int Freq(wxChar ch) const;
 635     // use MakeLower
 636   void LowerCase() { MakeLower(); }
 637     // use MakeUpper
 638   void UpperCase() { MakeUpper(); }
 639     // use Trim except that it doesn't change this string
 640   wxString Strip(stripType w = trailing) const;
 641
 642     // use Find (more general variants not yet supported)
 643   size_t Index(const wxChar* psz) const { return Find(psz); }
 644   size_t Index(wxChar ch)         const { return Find(ch);  }
 645     // use Truncate
 646   wxString& Remove(size_t pos) { return Truncate(pos); }
 647   wxString& RemoveLast() { return Truncate(Len() - 1); }
 648
 649   wxString& Remove(size_t nStart, size_t nLen) { return erase( nStart, nLen ); }
 650
 651     // use Find()
 652   int First( const wxChar ch ) const { return Find(ch); }
 653   int First( const wxChar* psz ) const { return Find(psz); }
 654   int First( const wxString &str ) const { return Find(str); }
 655   int Last( const wxChar ch ) const { return Find(ch, TRUE); }
 656   bool Contains(const wxString& str) const { return Find(str) != -1; }
 657
 658     // use IsEmpty()
 659   bool IsNull() const { return IsEmpty(); }
 660
 661 #ifdef  wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
 662   // std::string compatibility functions
 663
 664   // an 'invalid' value for string index
 665   static const size_t npos;
 666
 667   // constructors
 668     // take nLen chars starting at nPos
 669   wxString(const wxString& str, size_t nPos, size_t nLen)
 670   {
 671     wxASSERT( str.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
 672     InitWith(str.c_str(), nPos, nLen == npos ? 0 : nLen);
 673   }
 674     // take all characters from pStart to pEnd
 675   wxString(const void *pStart, const void *pEnd);
 676
 677   // lib.string.capacity
 678     // return the length of the string
 679   size_t size() const { return Len(); }
 680     // return the length of the string
 681   size_t length() const { return Len(); }
 682     // return the maximum size of the string
 683   size_t max_size() const { return wxSTRING_MAXLEN; }
 684     // resize the string, filling the space with c if c != 0
 685   void resize(size_t nSize, wxChar ch = _T('\0'));
 686     // delete the contents of the string
 687   void clear() { Empty(); }
 688     // returns true if the string is empty
 689   bool empty() const { return IsEmpty(); }
 690
 691   // lib.string.access
 692     // return the character at position n
 693   wxChar at(size_t n) const { return GetChar(n); }
 694     // returns the writable character at position n
 695   wxChar& at(size_t n) { return GetWritableChar(n); }
 696
 697   // lib.string.modifiers
 698     // append a string
 699   wxString& append(const wxString& str)
 700     { *this += str; return *this; }
 701     // append elements str[pos], ..., str[pos+n]
 702   wxString& append(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n)
 703     { ConcatSelf(n, str.c_str() + pos); return *this; }
 704     // append first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz
 705   wxString& append(const wxChar *sz, size_t n = npos)
 706     { ConcatSelf(n == npos ? wxStrlen(sz) : n, sz); return *this; }
 707
 708     // append n copies of ch
 709   wxString& append(size_t n, wxChar ch) { return Pad(n, ch); }
 710
 711     // same as `this_string = str'
 712   wxString& assign(const wxString& str) { return (*this) = str; }
 713     // same as ` = str[pos..pos + n]
 714   wxString& assign(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n)
 715     { return *this = wxString((const wxChar *)str + pos, n); }
 716     // same as `= first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz'
 717   wxString& assign(const wxChar *sz, size_t n = npos)
 718     { return *this = wxString(sz, n); }
 719     // same as `= n copies of ch'
 720   wxString& assign(size_t n, wxChar ch)
 721     { return *this = wxString(ch, n); }
 722
 723     // insert another string
 724   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str);
 725     // insert n chars of str starting at nStart (in str)
 726   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str, size_t nStart, size_t n)
 727     { return insert(nPos, wxString((const wxChar *)str + nStart, n)); }
 728
 729     // insert first n (or all if n == npos) characters of sz
 730   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxChar *sz, size_t n = npos)
 731     { return insert(nPos, wxString(sz, n)); }
 732     // insert n copies of ch
 733   wxString& insert(size_t nPos, size_t n, wxChar ch)
 734     { return insert(nPos, wxString(ch, n)); }
 735
 736     // delete characters from nStart to nStart + nLen
 737   wxString& erase(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos);
 738
 739     // replaces the substring of length nLen starting at nStart
 740   wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxChar* sz);
 741     // replaces the substring with nCount copies of ch
 742   wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, size_t nCount, wxChar ch);
 743     // replaces a substring with another substring
 744   wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 745                     const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2);
 746     // replaces the substring with first nCount chars of sz
 747     wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 748                       const wxChar* sz, size_t nCount);
 749
 750     // swap two strings
 751   void swap(wxString& str);
 752
 753     // All find() functions take the nStart argument which specifies the
 754     // position to start the search on, the default value is 0. All functions
 755     // return npos if there were no match.
 756
 757     // find a substring
 758   size_t find(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 759
 760   // VC++ 1.5 can't cope with this syntax.
 761 #if !defined(__VISUALC__) || defined(__WIN32__)
 762     // find first n characters of sz
 763   size_t find(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
 764 #endif
 765
 766   // Gives a duplicate symbol (presumably a case-insensitivity problem)
 767 #if !defined(__BORLANDC__)
 768     // find the first occurence of character ch after nStart
 769   size_t find(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 770 #endif
 771     // rfind() family is exactly like find() but works right to left
 772
 773     // as find, but from the end
 774   size_t rfind(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 775
 776   // VC++ 1.5 can't cope with this syntax.
 777 #if !defined(__VISUALC__) || defined(__WIN32__)
 778     // as find, but from the end
 779   size_t rfind(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = npos,
 780           size_t n = npos) const;
 781     // as find, but from the end
 782   size_t rfind(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 783 #endif
 784
 785     // find first/last occurence of any character in the set
 786
 787     //
 788   size_t find_first_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 789     //
 790   size_t find_first_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 791     // same as find(char, size_t)
 792   size_t find_first_of(wxChar c, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 793     //
 794   size_t find_last_of (const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 795     //
 796   size_t find_last_of (const wxChar* s, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 797     // same as rfind(char, size_t)
 798   size_t find_last_of (wxChar c, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 799
 800     // find first/last occurence of any character not in the set
 801
 802     //
 803   size_t find_first_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 804     //
 805   size_t find_first_not_of(const wxChar* s, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 806     //
 807   size_t find_first_not_of(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
 808     //
 809   size_t find_last_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart=npos) const;
 810     //
 811   size_t find_last_not_of(const wxChar* s, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 812     //
 813   size_t find_last_not_of(wxChar ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
 814
 815     // All compare functions return -1, 0 or 1 if the [sub]string is less,
 816     // equal or greater than the compare() argument.
 817
 818     // just like strcmp()
 819   int compare(const wxString& str) const { return Cmp(str); }
 820     // comparison with a substring
 821   int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str) const;
 822     // comparison of 2 substrings
 823   int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 824               const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const;
 825     // just like strcmp()
 826   int compare(const wxChar* sz) const { return Cmp(sz); }
 827     // substring comparison with first nCount characters of sz
 828   int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
 829               const wxChar* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
 830
 831   // substring extraction
 832   wxString substr(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos) const;
 833 #endif // wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
 834 };
 835
 836 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 837 // The string array uses it's knowledge of internal structure of the wxString
 838 // class to optimize string storage. Normally, we would store pointers to
 839 // string, but as wxString is, in fact, itself a pointer (sizeof(wxString) is
 840 // sizeof(char *)) we store these pointers instead. The cast to "wxString *" is
 841 // really all we need to turn such pointer into a string!
 842 //
 843 // Of course, it can be called a dirty hack, but we use twice less memory and
 844 // this approach is also more speed efficient, so it's probably worth it.
 845 //
 846 // Usage notes: when a string is added/inserted, a new copy of it is created,
 847 // so the original string may be safely deleted. When a string is retrieved
 848 // from the array (operator[] or Item() method), a reference is returned.
 849 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 850 class WXDLLEXPORT wxArrayString
 851 {
 852 public:
 853   // type of function used by wxArrayString::Sort()
 854   typedef int (*CompareFunction)(const wxString& first,
 855                                  const wxString& second);
 856
 857   // constructors and destructor
 858     // default ctor
 859   wxArrayString();
 860     // copy ctor
 861   wxArrayString(const wxArrayString& array);
 862     // assignment operator
 863   wxArrayString& operator=(const wxArrayString& src);
 864     // not virtual, this class should not be derived from
 865  ~wxArrayString();
 866
 867   // memory management
 868     // empties the list, but doesn't release memory
 869   void Empty();
 870     // empties the list and releases memory
 871   void Clear();
 872     // preallocates memory for given number of items
 873   void Alloc(size_t nCount);
 874     // minimzes the memory usage (by freeing all extra memory)
 875   void Shrink();
 876
 877   // simple accessors
 878     // number of elements in the array
 879   size_t GetCount() const { return m_nCount; }
 880     // is it empty?
 881   bool IsEmpty() const { return m_nCount == 0; }
 882     // number of elements in the array (GetCount is preferred API)
 883   size_t Count() const { return m_nCount; }
 884
 885   // items access (range checking is done in debug version)
 886     // get item at position uiIndex
 887   wxString& Item(size_t nIndex) const
 888     { wxASSERT( nIndex < m_nCount ); return *(wxString *)&(m_pItems[nIndex]); }
 889     // same as Item()
 890   wxString& operator[](size_t nIndex) const { return Item(nIndex); }
 891     // get last item
 892   wxString& Last() const { wxASSERT( !IsEmpty() ); return Item(Count() - 1); }
 893
 894   // item management
 895     // Search the element in the array, starting from the beginning if
 896     // bFromEnd is FALSE or from end otherwise. If bCase, comparison is case
 897     // sensitive (default). Returns index of the first item matched or
 898     // wxNOT_FOUND
 899   int  Index (const wxChar *sz, bool bCase = TRUE, bool bFromEnd = FALSE) const;
 900     // add new element at the end
 901   void Add(const wxString& str);
 902     // add new element at given position
 903   void Insert(const wxString& str, size_t uiIndex);
 904     // remove first item matching this value
 905   void Remove(const wxChar *sz);
 906     // remove item by index
 907   void Remove(size_t nIndex);
 908
 909   // sorting
 910     // sort array elements in alphabetical order (or reversed alphabetical
 911     // order if reverseOrder parameter is TRUE)
 912   void Sort(bool reverseOrder = FALSE);
 913     // sort array elements using specified comparaison function
 914   void Sort(CompareFunction compareFunction);
 915
 916 private:
 917   void    Grow();     // makes array bigger if needed
 918   void    Free();     // free the string stored
 919
 920   void    DoSort();   // common part of all Sort() variants
 921
 922   size_t  m_nSize,    // current size of the array
 923           m_nCount;   // current number of elements
 924
 925   wxChar  **m_pItems;   // pointer to data
 926 };
 927
 928 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 929 // wxString comparison functions: operator versions are always case sensitive
 930 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 931 //
 932 inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) == 0); }
 933 //
 934 inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) == 0); }
 935 //
 936 inline bool operator==(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) == 0); }
 937 //
 938 inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) != 0); }
 939 //
 940 inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) != 0); }
 941 //
 942 inline bool operator!=(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) != 0); }
 943 //
 944 inline bool operator< (const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) < 0); }
 945 //
 946 inline bool operator< (const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) <  0); }
 947 //
 948 inline bool operator< (const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) >  0); }
 949 //
 950 inline bool operator> (const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >  0); }
 951 //
 952 inline bool operator> (const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >  0); }
 953 //
 954 inline bool operator> (const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) <  0); }
 955 //
 956 inline bool operator<=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) <= 0); }
 957 //
 958 inline bool operator<=(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) <= 0); }
 959 //
 960 inline bool operator<=(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) >= 0); }
 961 //
 962 inline bool operator>=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >= 0); }
 963 //
 964 inline bool operator>=(const wxString& s1, const wxChar  * s2) { return (s1.Cmp(s2) >= 0); }
 965 //
 966 inline bool operator>=(const wxChar  * s1, const wxString& s2) { return (s2.Cmp(s1) <= 0); }
 967
 968 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string1,  const wxString& string2);
 969 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, wxChar ch);
 970 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(wxChar ch, const wxString& string);
 971 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxString& string, const wxChar *psz);
 972 wxString WXDLLEXPORT operator+(const wxChar *psz, const wxString& string);
 973
 974 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 975 // Implementation only from here until the end of file
 976 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 977
 978 #ifdef wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
 979
 980 #include "wx/ioswrap.h"
 981
 982 WXDLLEXPORT istream& operator>>(istream& is, wxString& str);
 983
 984 #endif  // wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
 985
 986 #endif  // _WX_WXSTRINGH__