src/tiff/man/libtiff.3tiff

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   3 .\" Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler
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  25 .if n .po 0
  26 .TH INTRO 3TIFF "November 2, 2005" "libtiff"
  27 .SH NAME
  28 libtiff \- introduction to
  29 .IR libtiff ,
  30 a library for reading and writing
  31 .SM TIFF
  32 files
  33 .SH SYNOPSIS
  34 .B "#include <tiffio.h>"
  35 .sp
  36 cc file.c
  37 .B -ltiff
  38 .SH DESCRIPTION
  39 .I libtiff
  40 is a library for reading and writing data files encoded with the
  41 .I "Tag Image File"
  42 format, Revision 6.0 (or revision 5.0 or revision 4.0). This file format is
  43 suitable for archiving multi-color and monochromatic image data.
  44 .PP
  45 The library supports several compression algorithms, as indicated by the
  46 .I Compression
  47 field, including:
  48 no compression (1),
  49 .SM CCITT
  50 1D Huffman compression (2),
  51 .SM CCITT
  52 Group 3 Facsimile compression (3),
  53 .SM CCITT
  54 Group 4 Facsimile compression (4),
  55 Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression (5),
  56 baseline JPEG compression (7),
  57 word-aligned 1D Huffman compression (32771),
  58 and
  59 PackBits compression (32773).
  60 In addition, several nonstandard compression algorithms are supported: the
  61 4-bit compression algorithm used by the
  62 .I ThunderScan
  63 program (32809) (decompression only), NeXT's 2-bit compression algorithm
  64 (32766) (decompression only), an experimental LZ-style algorithm known as
  65 Deflate (32946), and an experimental CIE LogLuv compression scheme designed
  66 for images with high dynamic range (32845 for LogL and 32845 for LogLuv).
  67 Directory information may be in either little- or big-endian byte order\-byte
  68 swapping is automatically done by the library. Data bit ordering may be either
  69 Most Significant Bit (\c
  70 .SM MSB\c
  71 ) to Least Significant Bit (\c
  72 .SM LSB\c
  73 ) or
  74 .SM LSB
  75 to
  76 .SM MSB.
  77 Finally, the library does not support files in which the
  78 .IR BitsPerSample ,
  79 .IR Compression ,
  80 .IR MinSampleValue ,
  81 or
  82 .IR MaxSampleValue
  83 fields are defined differently on a per-sample basis
  84 (in Rev. 6.0 the
  85 .I Compression
  86 tag is not defined on a per-sample basis, so this is immaterial).
  87 .SH "DATA TYPES"
  88 The library makes extensive use of C typedefs to promote portability.
  89 Two sets of typedefs are used, one for communication with clients
  90 of the library and one for internal data structures and parsing of the
  91 .SM TIFF
  92 format.
  93 The following typedefs are exposed to users either through function
  94 definitions or through parameters passed through the varargs interfaces.
  95 .in +.5i
  96 .sp 5p
  97 .ta +\w'typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32;    'u
  98 .nf
  99 typedef unsigned short uint16;  16-bit unsigned integer
 100 typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32;  32-bit unsigned integer
 101 .sp 5p
 102 typedef unsigned int ttag_t;    directory tag
 103 typedef uint16 tdir_t;  directory index
 104 typedef uint16 tsample_t;       sample number
 105 typedef uint32 tstrip_t;        strip number
 106 typedef uint32 ttile_t; tile number
 107 typedef int32 tsize_t;  i/o size in bytes
 108 typedef void* tdata_t;  image data ref
 109 typedef void* thandle_t;        client data handle
 110 typedef int32 toff_t;   file offset
 111 .fi
 112 .sp 5p
 113 .in -.5i
 114 Note that
 115 .IR tstrip_t ,
 116 .IR ttile_t ,
 117 and
 118 .I tsize_t
 119 are constrained to be no more than 32-bit quantities by 32-bit fields they are
 120 stored in in the
 121 .SM TIFF
 122 image.
 123 Likewise
 124 .I tsample_t
 125 is limited by the 16-bit field used to store the
 126 .I SamplesPerPixel
 127 tag.
 128 .I tdir_t
 129 constrains the maximum number of
 130 .SM IFDs
 131 that may appear in an image and may be an arbitrary size (w/o penalty).
 132 .I ttag_t
 133 must be either int, unsigned int, pointer, or double because the library uses
 134 a varargs interface and
 135 .SM "ANSI C"
 136 restricts the type of the parameter before an ellipsis to be a promoted type.
 137 .I toff_t
 138 is defined as int32 because TIFF file offsets are (unsigned) 32-bit
 139 quantities. A signed value is used because some interfaces return \-1 on
 140 error. Finally, note that user-specified data references are passed as opaque
 141 handles and only cast at the lowest layers where their type is presumed.
 142 .SH "LIST OF ROUTINES"
 143 The following routines are part of the library. Consult specific manual pages
 144 for details on their operation; on most systems doing ``man function-name''
 145 will work.
 146 .sp
 147 .nf
 148 .ta \w'TIFFCheckpointDirectory'u+2n
 149 \fIName\fP      \fIDescription\fP
 150 .sp 5p
 151 TIFFCheckpointDirectory writes the current state of the directory
 152 TIFFCheckTile           very x,y,z,sample is within image
 153 TIFFCIELabToRGBInit     initialize CIE L*a*b* 1976 to RGB conversion state
 154 TIFFCIELabToXYZ         perform CIE L*a*b* 1976 to CIE XYZ conversion
 155 TIFFClientOpen          open a file for reading or writing
 156 TIFFClose               close an open file
 157 TIFFComputeStrip        return strip containing y,sample
 158 TIFFComputeTile         return tile containing x,y,z,sample
 159 TIFFCurrentDirectory    return index of current directory
 160 TIFFCurrentRow          return index of current scanline
 161 TIFFCurrentStrip        return index of current strip
 162 TIFFCurrentTile         return index of current tile
 163 TIFFDataWidth           return the size of TIFF data types
 164 TIFFError               library error handler
 165 TIFFFdOpen              open a file for reading or writing
 166 TIFFFileName            return name of open file
 167 TIFFFileno              return open file descriptor
 168 TIFFFindCODEC           find standard codec for the specific scheme
 169 TIFFFlush               flush all pending writes
 170 TIFFFlushData           flush pending data writes
 171 TIFFGetBitRevTable      return bit reversal table
 172 TIFFGetField            return tag value in current directory
 173 TIFFGetFieldDefaulted   return tag value in current directory
 174 TIFFGetMode             return open file mode
 175 TIFFGetVersion          return library version string
 176 TIFFIsCODECConfigured   check, whether we have working codec
 177 TIFFIsMSB2LSB           return true if image data is being returned
 178                         with bit 0 as the most significant bit
 179 TIFFIsTiled             return true if image data is tiled
 180 TIFFIsByteSwapped       return true if image data is byte-swapped
 181 TIFFNumberOfStrips      return number of strips in an image
 182 TIFFNumberOfTiles       return number of tiles in an image
 183 TIFFOpen                open a file for reading or writing
 184 TIFFPrintDirectory      print description of the current directory
 185 TIFFReadBufferSetup     specify i/o buffer for reading
 186 TIFFReadDirectory       read the next directory
 187 TIFFReadEncodedStrip    read and decode a strip of data
 188 TIFFReadEncodedTile     read and decode a tile of data
 189 TIFFReadRawStrip        read a raw strip of data
 190 TIFFReadRawTile         read a raw tile of data
 191 TIFFReadRGBAImage       read an image into a fixed format raster
 192 TIFFReadScanline        read and decode a row of data
 193 TIFFReadTile            read and decode a tile of data
 194 TIFFRegisterCODEC       override standard codec for the specific scheme
 195 TIFFReverseBits         reverse bits in an array of bytes
 196 TIFFRGBAImageBegin      setup decoder state for TIFFRGBAImageGet
 197 TIFFRGBAImageEnd        release TIFFRGBAImage decoder state
 198 TIFFRGBAImageGet        read and decode an image
 199 TIFFRGBAImageOK         is image readable by TIFFRGBAImageGet
 200 TIFFScanlineSize        return size of a scanline
 201 TIFFSetDirectory        set the current directory
 202 TIFFSetSubDirectory     set the current directory
 203 TIFFSetErrorHandler     set error handler function
 204 TIFFSetField            set a tag's value in the current directory
 205 TIFFSetWarningHandler   set warning handler function
 206 TIFFStripSize           returns size of a strip
 207 TIFFRawStripSize        returns the number of bytes in a raw strip
 208 TIFFSwabShort           swap bytes of short
 209 TIFFSwabLong            swap bytes of long
 210 TIFFSwabArrayOfShort    swap bytes of an array of shorts
 211 TIFFSwabArrayOfLong     swap bytes of an array of longs
 212 TIFFTileRowSize         return size of a row in a tile
 213 TIFFTileSize            return size of a tile
 214 TIFFUnRegisterCODEC     unregisters the codec
 215 TIFFVGetField           return tag value in current directory
 216 TIFFVGetFieldDefaulted  return tag value in current directory
 217 TIFFVSetField           set a tag's value in the current directory
 218 TIFFVStripSize          returns the number of bytes in a strip
 219 TIFFWarning             library warning handler
 220 TIFFWriteDirectory      write the current directory
 221 TIFFWriteEncodedStrip   compress and write a strip of data
 222 TIFFWriteEncodedTile    compress and write a tile of data
 223 TIFFWriteRawStrip       write a raw strip of data
 224 TIFFWriteRawTile        write a raw tile of data
 225 TIFFWriteScanline       write a scanline of data
 226 TIFFWriteTile           compress and write a tile of data
 227 TIFFXYZToRGB            perform CIE XYZ to RGB conversion
 228 TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit      initialize YCbCr to RGB conversion state
 229 TIFFYCbCrtoRGB          perform YCbCr to RGB conversion
 230 .sp
 231 Auxiliary functions:
 232 _TIFFfree               free memory buffer
 233 _TIFFmalloc             dynamically allocate memory buffer
 234 _TIFFmemcmp             compare contents of the memory buffers
 235 _TIFFmemcpy             copy contents of the one buffer to another
 236 _TIFFmemset             fill memory buffer with a constant byte
 237 _TIFFrealloc            dynamically reallocate memory buffer
 238
 239 .fi
 240 .SH "TAG USAGE"
 241 The table below lists the
 242 .SM TIFF
 243 tags that are recognized and handled by the library.
 244 If no use is indicated in the table, then the library
 245 reads and writes the tag, but does not use it internally.
 246 Note that some tags are meaningful only when a particular
 247 compression scheme is being used; e.g.
 248 .I Group3Options
 249 is only useful if
 250 .I Compression
 251 is set to
 252 .SM CCITT
 253 Group 3 encoding.
 254 Tags of this sort are considered
 255 .I codec-specific
 256 tags and the library does not recognize them except when the
 257 .I Compression
 258 tag has been previously set to the relevant compression scheme.
 259 .sp
 260 .nf
 261 .ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Value'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
 262 \fITag Name\fP  \fIValue\fP     \fIR/W\fP       \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
 263 .sp 5p
 264 .nf
 265 Artist  315     R/W
 266 BadFaxLines     326     R/W
 267 BitsPerSample   258     R/W     lots
 268 CellLength      265             parsed but ignored
 269 CellWidth       264             parsed but ignored
 270 CleanFaxData    327     R/W
 271 ColorMap        320     R/W
 272 ColorResponseUnit       300             parsed but ignored
 273 Compression     259     R/W     choosing codec
 274 ConsecutiveBadFaxLines  328     R/W
 275 Copyright       33432   R/W
 276 DataType        32996   R       obsoleted by SampleFormat tag
 277 DateTime        306     R/W
 278 DocumentName    269     R/W
 279 DotRange        336     R/W
 280 ExtraSamples    338     R/W     lots
 281 FaxRecvParams   34908   R/W
 282 FaxSubAddress   34909   R/W
 283 FaxRecvTime     34910   R/W
 284 FillOrder       266     R/W     control bit order
 285 FreeByteCounts  289             parsed but ignored
 286 FreeOffsets     288             parsed but ignored
 287 GrayResponseCurve       291             parsed but ignored
 288 GrayResponseUnit        290             parsed but ignored
 289 Group3Options   292     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 290 Group4Options   293     R/W
 291 HostComputer    316     R/W
 292 ImageDepth      32997   R/W     tile/strip calculations
 293 ImageDescription        270     R/W
 294 ImageLength     257     R/W     lots
 295 ImageWidth      256     R/W     lots
 296 InkNames        333     R/W
 297 InkSet  332     R/W
 298 JPEGTables      347     R/W     used by JPEG codec
 299 Make    271     R/W
 300 Matteing        32995   R       obsoleted by ExtraSamples tag
 301 MaxSampleValue  281     R/W
 302 MinSampleValue  280     R/W
 303 Model   272     R/W
 304 NewSubFileType  254     R/W     called SubFileType in spec
 305 NumberOfInks    334     R/W
 306 Orientation     274     R/W
 307 PageName        285     R/W
 308 PageNumber      297     R/W
 309 PhotometricInterpretation       262     R/W     used by Group 3 and JPEG codecs
 310 PlanarConfiguration     284     R/W     data i/o
 311 Predictor       317     R/W     used by LZW and Deflate codecs
 312 PrimaryChromacities     319     R/W
 313 ReferenceBlackWhite     532     R/W
 314 ResolutionUnit  296     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 315 RowsPerStrip    278     R/W     data i/o
 316 SampleFormat    339     R/W
 317 SamplesPerPixel 277     R/W     lots
 318 SMinSampleValue 340     R/W
 319 SMaxSampleValue 341     R/W
 320 Software        305     R/W
 321 StoNits 37439   R/W
 322 StripByteCounts 279     R/W     data i/o
 323 StripOffsets    273     R/W     data i/o
 324 SubFileType     255     R/W     called OSubFileType in spec
 325 TargetPrinter   337     R/W
 326 Thresholding    263     R/W
 327 TileByteCounts  324     R/W     data i/o
 328 TileDepth       32998   R/W     tile/strip calculations
 329 TileLength      323     R/W     data i/o
 330 TileOffsets     324     R/W     data i/o
 331 TileWidth       322     R/W     data i/o
 332 TransferFunction        301     R/W
 333 WhitePoint      318     R/W
 334 XPosition       286     R/W
 335 XResolution     282     R/W
 336 YCbCrCoefficients       529     R/W     used by TIFFRGBAImage support
 337 YCbCrPositioning        531     R/W     tile/strip size calulcations
 338 YCbCrSubsampling        530     R/W
 339 YPosition       286     R/W
 340 YResolution     283     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 341 .SH "PSEUDO TAGS"
 342 In addition to the normal
 343 .SM TIFF
 344 tags the library supports a collection of
 345 tags whose values lie in a range outside the valid range of
 346 .SM TIFF
 347 tags.
 348 These tags are termed
 349 .I pseud-tags
 350 and are used to control various codec-specific functions within the library.
 351 The table below summarizes the defined pseudo-tags.
 352 .sp
 353 .nf
 354 .ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Codec'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
 355 \fITag Name\fP  \fICodec\fP     \fIR/W\fP       \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
 356 .sp 5p
 357 .nf
 358 TIFFTAG_FAXMODE G3      R/W     general codec operation
 359 TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC     G3/G4   R/W     bitmap fill function
 360 TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY     JPEG    R/W     compression quality control
 361 TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE   JPEG    R/W     control colorspace conversions
 362 TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE  JPEG    R/W     control contents of \fIJPEGTables\fP tag
 363 TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY      Deflate R/W     compression quality level
 364 TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT PixarLog        R/W     user data format
 365 TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY PixarLog        R/W     compression quality level
 366 TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT   SGILog  R/W     user data format
 367 .fi
 368 .TP
 369 .B TIFFTAG_FAXMODE
 370 Control the operation of the Group 3 codec.
 371 Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
 372 or'ing them together) are:
 373 FAXMODE_CLASSIC
 374 (enable old-style format in which the
 375 .SM RTC
 376 is written at the end of the last strip),
 377 FAXMODE_NORTC
 378 (opposite of
 379 FAXMODE_CLASSIC;
 380 also called
 381 FAXMODE_CLASSF),
 382 FAXMODE_NOEOL
 383 (do not write
 384 .SM EOL
 385 codes at the start of each row of data),
 386 FAXMODE_BYTEALIGN
 387 (align each encoded row to an 8-bit boundary),
 388 FAXMODE_WORDALIGN
 389 (align each encoded row to an 16-bit boundary),
 390 The default value is dependent on the compression scheme; this
 391 pseudo-tag is used by the various G3 and G4 codecs to share code.
 392 .TP
 393 .B TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC
 394 Control the function used to convert arrays of black and white
 395 runs to packed bit arrays.
 396 This hook can be used to image decoded scanlines in multi-bit
 397 depth rasters (e.g. for display in colormap mode)
 398 or for other purposes.
 399 The default value is a pointer to a builtin function that images
 400 packed bilevel data.
 401 .TP
 402 .B TIFFTAG_IPTCNEWSPHOTO
 403 Tag contaings image metadata per the IPTC newsphoto spec: Headline,
 404 captioning, credit, etc... Used by most wire services.
 405 .TP
 406 .B TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
 407 Tag contains Photoshop captioning information and metadata. Photoshop
 408 uses in parallel and redundantly alongside IPTCNEWSPHOTO information.
 409 .TP
 410 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY
 411 Control the compression quality level used in the baseline algorithm.
 412 Note that quality levels are in the range 0-100 with a default value of 75.
 413 .TP
 414 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE
 415 Control whether or not conversion is done between
 416 RGB and YCbCr colorspaces.
 417 Possible values are:
 418 JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW
 419 (do not convert), and
 420 JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB
 421 (convert to/from RGB)
 422 The default value is JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW.
 423 .TP
 424 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE
 425 Control the information written in the
 426 .I JPEGTables
 427 tag.
 428 Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
 429 or'ing them together) are:
 430 JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT
 431 (include quantization tables),
 432 and
 433 JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF
 434 (include Huffman encoding tables).
 435 The default value is JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT|JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF.
 436 .TP
 437 .B TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY
 438 Control the compression technique used by the Deflate codec.
 439 Quality levels are in the range 1-9 with larger numbers yielding better
 440 compression at the cost of more computation.
 441 The default quality level is 6 which yields a good time-space tradeoff.
 442 .TP
 443 .B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT
 444 Control the format of user data passed
 445 .I in
 446 to the PixarLog codec when encoding and passed
 447 .I out
 448 from when decoding.
 449 Possible values are:
 450 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BIT
 451 for 8-bit unsigned pixels,
 452 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BITABGR
 453 for 8-bit unsigned ABGR-ordered pixels,
 454 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_11BITLOG
 455 for 11-bit log-encoded raw data,
 456 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_12BITPICIO
 457 for 12-bit PICIO-compatible data,
 458 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_16BIT
 459 for 16-bit signed samples,
 460 and
 461 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_FLOAT
 462 for 32-bit IEEE floating point samples.
 463 .TP
 464 .B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY
 465 Control the compression technique used by the PixarLog codec.
 466 This value is treated identically to TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY; see the
 467 above description.
 468 .TP
 469 .B TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT
 470 Control the format of client data passed
 471 .I in
 472 to the SGILog codec when encoding and passed
 473 .I out
 474 from when decoding.
 475 Possible values are:
 476 SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTXYZ
 477 for converting between LogLuv and 32-bit IEEE floating valued XYZ pixels,
 478 SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITLUV
 479 for 16-bit encoded Luv pixels,
 480 SGILOGDATAFMT_32BITRAW and SGILOGDATAFMT_24BITRAW
 481 for no conversion of data,
 482 SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITRGB
 483 for returning 8-bit RGB data (valid only when decoding LogLuv-encoded data),
 484 SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTY
 485 for converting between LogL and 32-bit IEEE floating valued Y pixels,
 486 SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITL
 487 for 16-bit encoded L pixels,
 488 and
 489 SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITGRY
 490 for returning 8-bit greyscale data
 491 (valid only when decoding LogL-encoded data).
 492 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
 493 All error messages are directed through the
 494 .IR TIFFError
 495 routine.
 496 By default messages are directed to
 497 .B stderr
 498 in the form:
 499 .IR "module: message\en."
 500 Warning messages are likewise directed through the
 501 .IR TIFFWarning
 502 routine.
 503 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 504 .BR fax2tiff (1),
 505 .BR gif2tiff (1),
 506 .BR pal2rgb (1),
 507 .BR ppm2tiff (1),
 508 .BR rgb2ycbcr (1),
 509 .BR ras2tiff (1),
 510 .BR raw2tiff (1),
 511 .BR sgi2tiff (1),
 512 .BR tiff2bw (1),
 513 .BR tiffdither (1),
 514 .BR tiffdump (1),
 515 .BR tiffcp (1),
 516 .BR tiffcmp (1),
 517 .BR tiffgt (1),
 518 .BR tiffinfo (1),
 519 .BR tiffmedian (1),
 520 .BR tiffsplit (1),
 521 .BR tiffsv (1).
 522 .PP
 523 .BR "Tag Image File Format Specification \(em Revision 6.0" ,
 524 an Aldus Technical Memorandum.
 525 .PP
 526 .BR "The Spirit of TIFF Class F" ,
 527 an appendix to the TIFF 5.0 specification prepared by Cygnet Technologies.
 528 .PP
 529 Libtiff library home page:
 530 .BR http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/
 531 .SH BUGS
 532 The library does not support multi-sample images
 533 where some samples have different bits/sample.
 534 .PP
 535 The library does not support random access to compressed data
 536 that is organized with more than one row per tile or strip.