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1 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
2 // Name: string.h
3 // Purpose: interface of wxStringBuffer
4 // Author: wxWidgets team
5 // RCS-ID: $Id$
6 // Licence: wxWindows license
7 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
8
9 /**
10 @class wxStringBuffer
11
12 This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString
13 internal buffer as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore
14 the string to the usable state later.
15
16 For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
17 @c GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *) returning the value in the provided
18 buffer (which must be writable, of course) you might call it like this:
19
20 @code
21 wxString theAnswer;
22 GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(wxStringBuffer(theAnswer, 1024));
23 if ( theAnswer != "42" )
24 {
25 wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
26 }
27 @endcode
28
29 Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
30 enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
31 character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
32 wxString, keeping the same buffer wxString uses intact. In other words,
33 relying on wxStringBuffer containing the old wxString data is not a good
34 idea if you want to build your program both with and without wxUSE_STL.
35
36 @library{wxbase}
37 @category{data}
38 */
39 class wxStringBuffer
40 {
41 public:
42 /**
43 Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
44 and containing enough space for at least @a len characters. Basically, this
45 is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf and
46 saving the result.
47 */
48 wxStringBuffer(const wxString& str, size_t len);
49
50 /**
51 Restores the string passed to the constructor to the usable state by calling
52 wxString::UngetWriteBuf on it.
53 */
54 ~wxStringBuffer();
55
56 /**
57 Returns the writable pointer to a buffer of the size at least equal to the
58 length specified in the constructor.
59 */
60 wxStringCharType* operator wxStringCharType *();
61 };
62
63
64
65 /**
66 @class wxString
67
68 The wxString class has been completely rewritten for wxWidgets 3.0
69 and this change was actually the main reason for the calling that
70 version wxWidgets 3.0.
71
72 wxString is a class representing a Unicode character string.
73 wxString uses @c std::string internally to store its content
74 unless this is not supported by the compiler or disabled
75 specifically when building wxWidgets and it therefore inherits
76 many features from @c std::string. Most implementations of
77 @c std::string are thread-safe and don't use reference counting.
78 By default, wxString uses @c std::string internally even if
79 wxUSE_STL is not defined.
80
81 wxString now internally uses UTF-16 under Windows and UTF-8 under
82 Unix, Linux and OS X to store its content. Note that when iterating
83 over a UTF-16 string under Windows, the user code has to take care
84 of surrogate pair handling whereas Windows itself has built-in
85 support pairs in UTF-16, such as for drawing strings on screen.
86
87 Much work has been done to make existing code using ANSI string literals
88 work as before. If you nonetheless need to have a wxString that uses wchar_t
89 on Unix and Linux, too, you can specify this on the command line with the
90 @c configure @c --disable-utf8 switch or you can consider using wxUString
91 or std::wstring instead.
92
93 Accessing a UTF-8 string by index can be very inefficient because
94 a single character is represented by a variable number of bytes so that
95 the entire string has to be parsed in order to find the character.
96 Since iterating over a string by index is a common programming technique and
97 was also possible and encouraged by wxString using the access operator[]()
98 wxString implements caching of the last used index so that iterating over
99 a string is a linear operation even in UTF-8 mode.
100
101 It is nonetheless recommended to use iterators (instead of index based
102 access) like this:
103
104 @code
105 wxString s = "hello";
106 wxString::const_iterator i;
107 for (i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); ++i)
108 {
109 wxUniChar uni_ch = *i;
110 // do something with it
111 }
112 @endcode
113
114 Please see the
115 @ref overview_string "wxString overview" and the
116 @ref overview_unicode "Unicode overview" for more information
117 about it.
118
119 wxString uses the current locale encoding to convert any C string
120 literal to Unicode. The same is done for converting to and from
121 @c std::string and for the return value of c_str(). For this
122 conversion, the @a wxConvLibc class instance is used. See wxCSConv and wxMBConv.
123
124 wxString implements most of the methods of the @c std::string class.
125 These standard functions are only listed here, but they are not
126 fully documented in this manual. Please see the STL documentation.
127 The behaviour of all these functions is identical to the behaviour
128 described there.
129
130 You may notice that wxString sometimes has several functions which do
131 the same thing like Length(), Len() and length() which
132 all return the string length. In all cases of such duplication the
133 @c std::string compatible method should be used.
134
135 Anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string. However, you can't
136 append something to a C string (including literal constants), so to do this it
137 should be converted to a wxString first.
138
139 @li insert()
140 @li append()
141 @li operator<<()
142 @li operator+=()
143 @li operator+()
144 @li Append()
145 @li Prepend()
146
147 A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
148 a single character or a wide (Unicode) string. For all constructors (except the
149 default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
150 operator.
151
152 @li wxString()
153 @li operator=()
154 @li ~wxString()
155 @li assign()
156
157 The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
158 return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
159 lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
160
161 @li MakeUpper()
162 @li Upper()
163 @li MakeLower()
164 @li Lower()
165 @li MakeCapitalized()
166 @li Capitalize()
167
168 Many functions below take a character index in the string. As with C
169 strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character of a
170 string is string[0]. An attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
171 string (which may even be 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
172 failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug build", but no checks are
173 done in release builds.
174 This section also contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
175 strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, you are advised
176 to use wc_str() for the sake of clarity.
177
178 @li GetChar()
179 @li GetWritableChar()
180 @li SetChar()
181 @li Last()
182 @li operator[]()
183 @li wc_str()
184 @li utf8_str()
185 @li c_str()
186 @li wx_str()
187 @li mb_str()
188 @li fn_str()
189
190 The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and so is the default
191 version of IsSameAs(). For case insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase()
192 or give a second parameter to IsSameAs(). This last function is maybe more
193 convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
194 @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false
195 in C) as Cmp() does.
196 Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher: it only understands
197 '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line interpreter.
198 StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
199 with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
200 comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix.
201
202 @li compare()
203 @li Cmp()
204 @li CmpNoCase()
205 @li IsSameAs()
206 @li Matches()
207 @li StartsWith()
208 @li EndsWith()
209
210 The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
211 floating point numbers. All functions take a pointer to the variable to
212 put the numeric value in and return @true if the @b entire string could be
213 converted to a number.
214
215 @li ToLong()
216 @li ToLongLong()
217 @li ToULong()
218 @li ToULongLong()
219 @li ToDouble()
220
221 The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
222 Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
223 wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful
224 when working with some external API which requires the caller to provide
225 a writable buffer.
226
227 @li reserve()
228 @li resize()
229 @li Alloc()
230 @li Shrink()
231 @li wxStringBuffer
232 @li wxStringBufferLength
233
234 Miscellaneous other string functions.
235
236 @li Trim()
237 @li Truncate()
238 @li Pad()
239
240 These functions return the string length and check whether the string
241 is empty or they empty it.
242
243 @li length()
244 @li size()
245 @li Len()
246 @li IsEmpty()
247 @li operator!()
248 @li Empty()
249 @li Clear()
250
251 These functions allow you to extract a substring from the string. The
252 original string is not modified and the function returns the extracted
253 substring.
254
255 @li substr()
256 @li Mid()
257 @li operator()()
258 @li Left()
259 @li Right()
260 @li BeforeFirst()
261 @li BeforeLast()
262 @li AfterFirst()
263 @li AfterLast()
264 @li StartsWith()
265 @li EndsWith()
266
267 These functions replace the standard @e strchr() and @e strstr()
268 functions.
269
270 @li find()
271 @li rfind()
272 @li replace()
273 @li Find()
274 @li Replace()
275
276 Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
277 exist (for basic types only). Additionally, the Format() function allows
278 you to simply append a formatted value to a string:
279
280 @li Format()
281 @li FormatV()
282 @li Printf()
283 @li PrintfV()
284 @li operator>>()
285
286 The following functions are deprecated. Please consider using new wxWidgets 2.0
287 functions instead (or, even better, @c std::string compatible variants).
288
289 Contains(), First(), Freq(), IsAscii(), IsNull(),
290 IsNumber(), IsWord(), Last(), Length(), LowerCase(), Remove(), Strip(),
291 SubString(), UpperCase()
292
293 @library{wxbase}
294 @category{data}
295
296 @stdobjects
297 ::Objects, ::wxEmptyString,
298
299 @see @ref overview_string "wxString overview", @ref overview_unicode
300 "Unicode overview", wxUString
301 */
302 class wxString
303 {
304 public:
305 /**
306 An 'invalid' value for string index
307 */
308 static const size_t npos;
309
310 /**
311 @name Standard types
312 */
313 //@{
314 typedef wxUniChar value_type;
315 typedef wxUniChar char_type;
316 typedef wxUniCharRef reference;
317 typedef wxChar* pointer;
318 typedef const wxChar* const_pointer;
319 typedef size_t size_type;
320 typedef wxUniChar const_reference;
321 //@}
322
323 /**
324 Default constructor
325 */
326 wxString();
327
328 /**
329 Creates a string from another string. Just increases the ref
330 count by 1.
331 */
332 wxString(const wxString& stringSrc);
333
334
335 /**
336 Constructs a string from the string literal @e psz using
337 the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
338 */
339 wxString(const char *psz);
340
341 /**
342 Constructs a string from the string literal @e psz using
343 @e conv to convert it Unicode.
344 */
345 wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv);
346
347 /**
348 Constructs a string from the first @e nLength character of the string literal @e psz using
349 the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
350 */
351 wxString(const char *psz, size_t nLength);
352
353 /**
354 Constructs a string from the first @e nLength character of the string literal @e psz using
355 @e conv to convert it Unicode.
356 */
357 wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv, size_t nLength);
358
359 /**
360 Constructs a string from the string literal @e pwz.
361 */
362 wxString(const wchar_t *pwz);
363
364 /**
365 Constructs a string from the first @e nLength characters of the string literal @e pwz.
366 */
367 wxString(const wchar_t *pwz, size_t nLength);
368
369 /**
370 Constructs a string from @e buf using the using
371 the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode.
372 */
373 wxString(const wxCharBuffer& buf);
374
375 /**
376 Constructs a string from @e buf.
377 */
378 wxString(const wxWCharBuffer& buf);
379
380 /**
381 Constructs a string from @e str using the using the current locale encoding
382 to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
383 */
384 wxString(const std::string& str);
385
386 /**
387 Constructs a string from @e str.
388 */
389 wxString(const std::wstring& str);
390
391
392 /**
393 String destructor. Note that this is not virtual, so wxString must not be
394 inherited from.
395 */
396 ~wxString();
397
398 /**
399 Gets all the characters after the first occurrence of @e ch.
400 Returns the empty string if @e ch is not found.
401 */
402 wxString AfterFirst(wxUniChar ch) const;
403
404 /**
405 Gets all the characters after the last occurrence of @e ch.
406 Returns the whole string if @e ch is not found.
407 */
408 wxString AfterLast(wxUniChar ch) const;
409
410 /**
411 Preallocate enough space for wxString to store @a nLen characters.
412
413 Please note that this method does the same thing as the standard
414 reserve() one and shouldn't be used in new code.
415
416 This function may be used to increase speed when the string is
417 constructed by repeated concatenation as in
418
419 @code
420 // delete all vowels from the string
421 wxString DeleteAllVowels(const wxString& original)
422 {
423 wxString result;
424
425 size_t len = original.length();
426
427 result.Alloc(len);
428
429 for ( size_t n = 0; n < len; n++ )
430 {
431 if ( strchr("aeuio", tolower(original[n])) == NULL )
432 result += original[n];
433 }
434
435 return result;
436 }
437 @endcode
438
439 because it will avoid the need to reallocate string memory many times
440 (in case of long strings). Note that it does not set the maximal length
441 of a string -- it will still expand if more than @a nLen characters are
442 stored in it. Also, it does not truncate the existing string (use
443 Truncate() for this) even if its current length is greater than @a nLen.
444
445 @return @true if memory was successfully allocated, @false otherwise.
446 */
447 bool Alloc(size_t nLen);
448
449 /**
450 Appends the string literal @e psz.
451 */
452 wxString& Append(const char* psz);
453
454 /**
455 Appends the wide string literal @e pwz.
456 */
457 wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz)
458
459 /**
460 Appends the string literal @e psz with max length @e nLen.
461 */
462 wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz);
463
464 /**
465 Appends the wide string literal @e psz with max length @e nLen.
466 */
467 wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz, size_t nLen)
468
469 /**
470 Appends the string @e s.
471 */
472 wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz, size_t nLen);
473
474 /**
475 Appends the character @e ch @e count times.
476 */
477 wxString &Append(wxUniChar ch, size_t count = 1u);
478
479 /**
480 Gets all characters before the first occurrence of @e ch.
481 Returns the whole string if @a ch is not found.
482 */
483 wxString BeforeFirst(wxUniChar ch) const;
484
485 /**
486 Gets all characters before the last occurrence of @e ch.
487 Returns the empty string if @a ch is not found.
488 */
489 wxString BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch) const;
490
491
492 /**
493 Return the copy of the string with the first string character in the
494 upper case and the subsequent ones in the lower case.
495
496 @since 2.9.0
497
498 @see MakeCapitalized()
499 */
500 wxString Capitalize() const;
501
502 /**
503 Empties the string and frees memory occupied by it.
504 See also: Empty()
505 */
506 void Clear();
507
508 /**
509 Returns a deep copy of the string.
510
511 That is, the returned string is guaranteed to not share data with this
512 string when using reference-counted wxString implementation.
513
514 This method is primarily useful for passing strings between threads
515 (because wxString is not thread-safe). Unlike creating a copy using
516 @c wxString(c_str()), Clone() handles embedded NULs correctly.
517
518 @since 2.9.0
519 */
520 wxString Clone() const;
521
522 /**
523 Case-sensitive comparison.
524 Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
525 zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
526 argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
527
528 See also CmpNoCase(), IsSameAs().
529 */
530 int Cmp(const wxString& s) const;
531
532 /**
533 Case-insensitive comparison.
534 Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
535 zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
536 argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
537
538 See also Cmp(), IsSameAs().
539 */
540 int CmpNoCase(const wxString& s) const;
541
542
543 //@{
544 /**
545 Comparison operators
546 */
547 bool operator ==(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
548 bool operator ==(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
549 bool operator !=(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
550 bool operator !=(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
551 bool operator(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
552 bool operator(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
553 bool operator =(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
554 bool operator =(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
555 bool operator(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
556 bool operator(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
557 bool operator =(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
558 bool operator =(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
559 //@}
560
561
562 /**
563 Returns @true if target appears anywhere in wxString; else @false.
564 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
565 code.
566 */
567 bool Contains(const wxString& str) const;
568
569
570 /**
571 Makes the string empty, but doesn't free memory occupied by the string.
572 See also: Clear().
573 */
574 void Empty();
575
576 /**
577 This function can be used to test if the string ends with the specified
578 @e suffix. If it does, the function will return @true and put the
579 beginning of the string before the suffix into @e rest string if it is not
580 @NULL. Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't
581 modify the @e rest.
582 */
583 bool EndsWith(const wxString& suffix, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
584
585 /**
586 Searches for the given character @e ch. Returns the position or
587 @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
588 */
589 int Find(wxUniChar ch, bool fromEnd = false) const;
590
591 /**
592 Searches for the given string @e sub. Returns the starting position or
593 @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
594 */
595 int Find(const wxString& sub) const;
596
597 //@{
598 /**
599 Same as Find().
600 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
601 you should not use it in new code.
602 */
603 int First(wxUniChar ch) const;
604 int First(const wxString& str) const;
605 //@}
606
607 /**
608 This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
609 Printf() with the passed parameters on it.
610
611 @see FormatV(), Printf()
612 */
613 static wxString Format(const wxChar format, ...);
614
615 /**
616 This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
617 PrintfV() with the passed parameters on it.
618
619 @see Format(), PrintfV()
620 */
621 static wxString FormatV(const wxChar format, va_list argptr);
622
623 /**
624 Returns the number of occurrences of @e ch in the string.
625 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not
626 use it in new code.
627 */
628 int Freq(wxUniChar ch) const;
629
630 //@{
631 /**
632 Converts given buffer of binary data from 8-bit string to wxString. In
633 Unicode build, the string is interpreted as being in ISO-8859-1
634 encoding. The version without @e len parameter takes NUL-terminated
635 data.
636
637 This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in
638 wxString. It should be used @em only for that purpose and only in
639 conjunction with To8BitData(). Use mb_str() for conversion of character
640 data to known encoding.
641
642 @since 2.8.4
643
644 @see wxString::To8BitData()
645 */
646 static wxString From8BitData(const char* buf, size_t len);
647 static wxString From8BitData(const char* buf);
648 //@}
649
650 //@{
651 /**
652 Converts the string or character from an ASCII, 7-bit form
653 to the native wxString representation.
654 */
655 static wxString FromAscii(const char* s);
656 static wxString FromAscii(const unsigned char* s);
657 static wxString FromAscii(const char* s, size_t len);
658 static wxString FromAscii(const unsigned char* s, size_t len);
659 static wxString FromAscii(char c);
660 //@}
661
662 //@{
663 /**
664 Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString.
665
666 If @a s is not a valid UTF-8 string, an empty string is returned.
667
668 Notice that when using UTF-8 wxWidgets build there is a more efficient
669 alternative to this function called FromUTF8Unchecked() which, unlike
670 this one, doesn't check that the input string is valid.
671
672 @since 2.8.4
673 */
674 static wxString FromUTF8(const char* s);
675 static wxString FromUTF8(const char* s, size_t len);
676 //@}
677
678 //@{
679 /**
680 Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString without checking its
681 validity.
682
683 This method assumes that @a s is a valid UTF-8 sequence and doesn't do
684 any validation (although an assert failure is triggered in debug builds
685 if the string is invalid). Only use it if you are absolutely sure that
686 @a s is a correct UTF-8 string (e.g. because it comes from another
687 library using UTF-8) and if the performance matters, otherwise use
688 slower (in UTF-8 build) but safer FromUTF8(). Passing a bad UTF-8
689 string to this function will result in creating a corrupted wxString
690 and all the subsequent operations on it will be undefined.
691
692 @since 2.8.9
693 */
694 static wxString FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s);
695 static wxString FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s, size_t len);
696 //@}
697
698 /**
699 Returns the character at position @a n (read-only).
700 */
701 wxUniChar GetChar(size_t n) const;
702
703 /**
704 wxWidgets compatibility conversion. Same as c_str().
705 */
706 const wxCStrData* GetData() const;
707
708 /**
709 Returns a reference to the character at position @e n.
710 */
711 wxUniCharRef GetWritableChar(size_t n);
712
713 /**
714 Returns a writable buffer of at least @a len bytes.
715 It returns a pointer to a new memory block, and the
716 existing data will not be copied.
717 Call UngetWriteBuf() as soon as possible to put the
718 string back into a reasonable state.
719 This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or
720 wxStringBufferLength instead.
721 */
722 wxStringCharType* GetWriteBuf(size_t len);
723
724 /**
725 Returns @true if the string contains only ASCII characters.
726 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
727 code.
728 */
729 bool IsAscii() const;
730
731 /**
732 Returns @true if the string is empty.
733 */
734 bool IsEmpty() const;
735
736 /**
737 Returns @true if the string is empty (same as wxString::IsEmpty).
738 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
739 code.
740 */
741 bool IsNull() const;
742
743 /**
744 Returns @true if the string is an integer (with possible sign).
745 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
746 code.
747 */
748 bool IsNumber() const;
749
750 //@{
751 /**
752 Test whether the string is equal to the single character @e c. The test is
753 case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is @c
754 @false.
755 Returns @true if the string is equal to the character, @false otherwise.
756 See also Cmp(), CmpNoCase()
757 */
758 bool IsSameAs(const wxString &s, bool caseSensitive = true) const;
759 bool IsSameAs(wxUniChar ch, bool caseSensitive = true) const;
760 //@}
761
762 /**
763 Returns @true if the string is a word.
764 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
765 code.
766 */
767 bool IsWord() const;
768
769 //@{
770 /**
771 Returns a reference to the last character (writable).
772 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
773 you should not use it in new code.
774 */
775 wxUniCharRef Last();
776 const wxUniChar Last();
777 //@}
778
779 /**
780 Returns the first @a count characters of the string.
781 */
782 wxString Left(size_t count) const;
783
784 /**
785 Returns the length of the string.
786 */
787 size_t Len() const;
788
789 /**
790 Returns the length of the string (same as Len).
791 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
792 code.
793 */
794 size_t Length() const;
795
796 /**
797 Returns this string converted to the lower case.
798
799 @see MakeLower()
800 */
801 wxString Lower() const;
802
803 /**
804 Same as MakeLower.
805 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
806 code.
807 */
808 void LowerCase();
809
810 /**
811 Converts the first characters of the string to the upper case and all
812 the subsequent ones to the lower case and returns the result.
813
814 @since 2.9.0
815
816 @see Capitalize()
817 */
818 wxString& MakeCapitalized();
819
820 /**
821 Converts all characters to lower case and returns the reference to the
822 modified string.
823
824 @see Lower()
825 */
826 wxString& MakeLower();
827
828 /**
829 Converts all characters to upper case and returns the reference to the
830 modified string.
831
832 @see Upper()
833 */
834 wxString& MakeUpper();
835
836 /**
837 Returns @true if the string contents matches a mask containing '*' and '?'.
838 */
839 bool Matches(const wxString& mask) const;
840
841 /**
842 Returns a substring starting at @e first, with length @e count, or the rest of
843 the string if @a count is the default value.
844 */
845 wxString Mid(size_t first, size_t count = wxSTRING_MAXLEN) const;
846
847
848 /**
849 Adds @a count copies of @a pad to the beginning, or to the end of the
850 string (the default). Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
851 */
852 wxString& Pad(size_t count, wxUniChar pad = ' ',
853 bool fromRight = true);
854
855 /**
856 Prepends @a str to this string, returning a reference to this string.
857 */
858 wxString& Prepend(const wxString& str);
859
860 /**
861 Similar to the standard function @e sprintf(). Returns the number of
862 characters written, or an integer less than zero on error.
863 Note that if @c wxUSE_PRINTF_POS_PARAMS is set to 1, then this function supports
864 Unix98-style positional parameters:
865
866 @note This function will use a safe version of @e vsprintf() (usually called
867 @e vsnprintf()) whenever available to always allocate the buffer of correct
868 size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
869 dangerous @e vsprintf() will be used then which may lead to buffer overflows.
870 */
871 int Printf(const wxChar* pszFormat, ...);
872
873 /**
874 Similar to vprintf. Returns the number of characters written, or an integer
875 less than zero
876 on error.
877 */
878 int PrintfV(const wxChar* pszFormat, va_list argPtr);
879
880 //@{
881 /**
882 Removes @a len characters from the string, starting at @e pos.
883 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
884 code.
885 */
886 wxString Remove(size_t pos);
887 wxString Remove(size_t pos, size_t len);
888 //@}
889
890 /**
891 Removes the last character.
892 */
893 wxString RemoveLast();
894
895 /**
896 Replace first (or all) occurrences of substring with another one.
897 @e replaceAll: global replace (default), or only the first occurrence.
898 Returns the number of replacements made.
899 */
900 size_t Replace(const wxString& strOld, const wxString& strNew,
901 bool replaceAll = true);
902
903 /**
904 Returns the last @a count characters.
905 */
906 wxString Right(size_t count) const;
907
908 /**
909 Sets the character at position @e n.
910 */
911 void SetChar(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
912
913 /**
914 Minimizes the string's memory. This can be useful after a call to
915 Alloc() if too much memory were preallocated.
916 */
917 void Shrink();
918
919 /**
920 This function can be used to test if the string starts with the specified
921 @e prefix. If it does, the function will return @true and put the rest
922 of the string (i.e. after the prefix) into @a rest string if it is not
923 @NULL. Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't modify the
924 @e rest.
925 */
926 bool StartsWith(const wxString& prefix, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
927
928 /**
929 Strip characters at the front and/or end. The same as Trim except that it
930 doesn't change this string.
931 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
932 code.
933 */
934 wxString Strip(stripType s = trailing) const;
935
936 /**
937 Returns the part of the string between the indices @a from and @e to
938 inclusive.
939 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function, use Mid()
940 instead (but note that parameters have different meaning).
941 */
942 wxString SubString(size_t from, size_t to) const;
943
944 //@{
945 /**
946 Converts the string to an 8-bit string in ISO-8859-1 encoding in the
947 form of a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only).
948
949 This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in
950 wxString. It should be used @em only for this purpose. It is only valid
951 to call this method on strings created using From8BitData().
952
953 @since 2.8.4
954
955 @see wxString::From8BitData()
956 */
957 const char* To8BitData() const;
958 const wxCharBuffer To8BitData() const;
959 //@}
960
961 //@{
962 /**
963 Converts the string to an ASCII, 7-bit string in the form of
964 a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only) or a C string (ANSI builds).
965 Note that this conversion only works if the string contains only ASCII
966 characters. The @ref mb_str() "mb_str" method provides more
967 powerful means of converting wxString to C string.
968 */
969 const char* ToAscii() const;
970 const wxCharBuffer ToAscii() const;
971 //@}
972
973 /**
974 Attempts to convert the string to a floating point number. Returns @true on
975 success (the number is stored in the location pointed to by @e val) or @false
976 if the string does not represent such number (the value of @a val is not
977 modified in this case).
978
979 @see ToLong(), ToULong()
980 */
981 bool ToDouble(double val) const;
982
983 /**
984 Attempts to convert the string to a signed integer in base @e base. Returns
985 @true on success in which case the number is stored in the location
986 pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not represent a
987 valid number in the given base (the value of @a val is not modified
988 in this case).
989 The value of @a base must be comprised between 2 and 36, inclusive, or
990 be a special value 0 which means that the usual rules of @c C numbers are
991 applied: if the number starts with @c 0x it is considered to be in base
992 16, if it starts with @c 0 - in base 8 and in base 10 otherwise. Note
993 that you may not want to specify the base 0 if you are parsing the numbers
994 which may have leading zeroes as they can yield unexpected (to the user not
995 familiar with C) results.
996
997 @see ToDouble(), ToULong()
998 */
999 bool ToLong(long val, int base = 10) const;
1000
1001 /**
1002 This is exactly the same as ToLong() but works with 64
1003 bit integer numbers.
1004 Notice that currently it doesn't work (always returns @false) if parsing of 64
1005 bit numbers is not supported by the underlying C run-time library. Compilers
1006 with C99 support and Microsoft Visual C++ version 7 and higher do support this.
1007
1008 @see ToLong(), ToULongLong()
1009 */
1010 bool ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t val, int base = 10) const;
1011
1012 /**
1013 Attempts to convert the string to an unsigned integer in base @e base.
1014 Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the
1015 location pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not
1016 represent a valid number in the given base (the value of @a val is not
1017 modified in this case). Please notice that this function
1018 behaves in the same way as the standard @c strtoul() and so it simply
1019 converts negative numbers to unsigned representation instead of rejecting them
1020 (e.g. -1 is returned as @c ULONG_MAX).
1021 See ToLong() for the more detailed
1022 description of the @a base parameter.
1023
1024 @see ToDouble(), ToLong()
1025 */
1026 bool ToULong(unsigned long val, int base = 10) const;
1027
1028 /**
1029 This is exactly the same as ToULong() but works with 64
1030 bit integer numbers.
1031 Please see ToLongLong() for additional remarks.
1032 */
1033 bool ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t val, int base = 10) const;
1034
1035 //@{
1036 /**
1037 Same as utf8_str().
1038 */
1039 const char* ToUTF8() const;
1040 const wxCharBuffer ToUTF8() const;
1041 //@}
1042
1043 /**
1044 Removes white-space (space, tabs, form feed, newline and carriage return) from
1045 the left or from the right end of the string (right is default).
1046 */
1047 wxString& Trim(bool fromRight = true);
1048
1049 /**
1050 Truncate the string to the given length.
1051 */
1052 wxString& Truncate(size_t len);
1053
1054 //@{
1055 /**
1056 Puts the string back into a reasonable state (in which it can be used
1057 normally), after
1058 GetWriteBuf() was called.
1059 The version of the function without the @a len parameter will calculate the
1060 new string length itself assuming that the string is terminated by the first
1061 @c NUL character in it while the second one will use the specified length
1062 and thus is the only version which should be used with the strings with
1063 embedded @c NULs (it is also slightly more efficient as @c strlen()
1064 doesn't have to be called).
1065 This method is deprecated, please use
1066 wxStringBuffer or
1067 wxStringBufferLength instead.
1068 */
1069 void UngetWriteBuf();
1070 void UngetWriteBuf(size_t len);
1071 //@}
1072
1073 /**
1074 Returns this string converted to upper case.
1075
1076 @see MakeUpper()
1077 */
1078 wxString Upper() const;
1079
1080 /**
1081 The same as MakeUpper.
1082 This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
1083 code.
1084 */
1085 void UpperCase();
1086
1087 /**
1088 Returns a lightweight intermediate class which is in turn implicitly
1089 convertible to both @c const @c char* and to @c const @c wchar_t*.
1090 Given this ambiguity it is mostly better to use wc_str(), mb_str() or
1091 utf8_str() instead.
1092
1093 Please see the @ref overview_unicode "Unicode overview" for more
1094 information about it.
1095
1096 Note that the returned value is not convertible to @c char* or
1097 @c wchar_t*, use char_str() or wchar_str() if you need to pass
1098 string value to a function expecting non-const pointer.
1099
1100 @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str()
1101 */
1102 const wxCStrData c_str() const;
1103
1104 /**
1105 Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
1106 @c char* pointer. Note that any change to the returned buffer is lost and so
1107 this function is only usable for passing strings to legacy libraries that
1108 don't have const-correct API. Use wxStringBuffer if you want to modify
1109 the string.
1110
1111 @see c_str()
1112 */
1113 wxWritableCharBuffer char_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;
1114
1115 /**
1116 Returns buffer of the specified type containing the string data.
1117
1118 This method is only useful in template code, otherwise you should
1119 directly call mb_str() or wc_str() if you need to retrieve a narrow or
1120 wide string from this wxString. The template parameter @a t should be
1121 either @c char or @c wchar_t.
1122
1123 Notice that retrieving a char buffer in UTF-8 build will return the
1124 internal string representation in UTF-8 while in wchar_t build the char
1125 buffer will contain the conversion of the string to the encoding of the
1126 current locale (and so can fail).
1127
1128 @param len If non-@NULL, filled with the length of the returned buffer.
1129 @return
1130 buffer containing the string contents in the specified type,
1131 notice that it may be @NULL if the conversion failed (e.g. Unicode
1132 string couldn't be converted to the current encoding when @a T is
1133 @c char).
1134 */
1135 template <typename T>
1136 wxCharTypeBuffer<T> tchar_str(size_t *len = NULL) const;
1137
1138 //@{
1139 /**
1140 Returns string representation suitable for passing to OS' functions
1141 for file handling.
1142 */
1143 const wchar_t* fn_str() const;
1144 const char* fn_str() const;
1145 const wxCharBuffer fn_str() const;
1146 //@}
1147
1148 /**
1149 Returns the multibyte (C string) representation of the string
1150 using @e conv's wxMBConv::cWC2MB method and returns wxCharBuffer.
1151
1152 @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), wxMBConv
1153 */
1154 const wxCharBuffer mb_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;
1155
1156 /**
1157 Extraction from a stream.
1158 */
1159 friend istream operator>>(istream& is, wxString& str);
1160
1161 /**
1162 These functions work as C++ stream insertion operators. They insert the
1163 given value into the string. Precision and format cannot be set using them.
1164 Use Printf() instead.
1165 */
1166 wxString& operator<<(const wxString& s);
1167 wxString& operator<<(const char* psz)
1168 wxString& operator<<(const wchar_t* pwz)
1169 wxString& operator<<(const wxCStrData& psz)
1170 wxString& operator<<(const char* psz);
1171 wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch)
1172 wxString& operator<<(char ch)
1173 wxString& operator<<(unsigned char ch)
1174 wxString& operator<<(wchar_t ch)
1175 wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s)
1176 wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s)
1177 wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch);
1178 wxString& operator<<(unsigned int ui);
1179 wxString& operator<<(long l);
1180 wxString& operator<<(unsigned long ul);
1181 wxString& operator<<(wxLongLong_t ll);
1182 wxString& operator<<(wxULongLong_t ul);
1183 wxString& operator<<(float f);
1184 wxString& operator<<(double d);
1185
1186 /**
1187 Same as Mid (substring extraction).
1188 */
1189 wxString operator ()(size_t start, size_t len);
1190
1191 //@{
1192 /**
1193 Concatenation: these operators return a new string equal to the
1194 concatenation of the operands.
1195 */
1196 wxString operator +(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
1197 wxString operator +(const wxString& x, wxUniChar y);
1198 //@}
1199
1200 //@{
1201 /**
1202 Concatenation in place: the argument is appended to the string.
1203 */
1204 void operator +=(const wxString& str);
1205 void operator +=(wxUniChar c);
1206 //@}
1207
1208 //@{
1209 /**
1210 Assignment: the effect of each operation is the same as for the corresponding
1211 constructor (see @ref wxString() "wxString constructors").
1212 */
1213 wxString operator =(const wxString& str);
1214 wxString operator =(wxUniChar c);
1215 //@}
1216
1217 //@{
1218 /**
1219 Element extraction.
1220 */
1221 wxUniChar operator [](size_t i) const;
1222 wxUniCharRef operator [](size_t i);
1223 //@}
1224
1225 /**
1226 Empty string is @false, so !string will only return @true if the
1227 string is empty.
1228
1229 See also IsEmpty().
1230 */
1231 bool operator!() const;
1232
1233
1234 //@{
1235 /**
1236 Converts the strings contents to UTF-8 and returns it either as a
1237 temporary wxCharBuffer object or as a pointer to the internal
1238 string contents in UTF-8 build.
1239
1240 @see wc_str(), c_str(), mb_str()
1241 */
1242 const char* utf8_str() const;
1243 const wxCharBuffer utf8_str() const;
1244 //@}
1245
1246 //@{
1247 /**
1248 Converts the strings contents to the wide character represention
1249 and returns it as a temporary wxWCharBuffer object (Unix and OS X)
1250 or returns a pointer to the internal string contents in wide character
1251 mode (Windows).
1252
1253 The macro wxWX2WCbuf is defined as the correct return
1254 type (without const).
1255
1256 @see utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str(), wchar_str()
1257 */
1258 const wchar_t* wc_str() const;
1259 const wxWCharBuffer wc_str() const;
1260 //@}
1261
1262 /**
1263 Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
1264 @c char* pointer. Note that changes to the returned buffer may or may
1265 not be lost (depending on the build) and so this function is only usable for
1266 passing strings to legacy libraries that don't have const-correct API. Use
1267 wxStringBuffer if you want to modify the string.
1268
1269 @see mb_str(), wc_str(), fn_str(), c_str(), char_str()
1270 */
1271 wxWritableWCharBuffer wchar_str() const;
1272
1273 /**
1274 Explicit conversion to C string in the internal representation (either
1275 wchar_t* or UTF-8-encoded char*, depending on the build).
1276 */
1277 const wxStringCharType *wx_str() const;
1278
1279
1280 /**
1281 @name Iterator interface
1282
1283 These methods return iterators to the beginnnig or
1284 end of the string.
1285 */
1286 //@{
1287 const_iterator begin() const;
1288 iterator begin();
1289 const_iterator end() const;
1290 iterator end();
1291
1292 const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;
1293 reverse_iterator rbegin();
1294 const_reverse_iterator rend() const;
1295 reverse_iterator rend();
1296 //@}
1297
1298 /**
1299 @name STL interface
1300
1301 The supported STL functions are listed here. Please see any
1302 STL reference for their documentation.
1303 */
1304 //@{
1305 size_t length() const;
1306 size_type size() const;
1307 size_type max_size() const;
1308 size_type capacity() const;
1309 void reserve(size_t sz);
1310
1311 void resize(size_t nSize, wxUniChar ch = '\0');
1312
1313 wxString& append(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
1314 wxString& append(const wxString& str);
1315 wxString& append(const char *sz, size_t n);
1316 wxString& append(const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
1317 wxString& append(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
1318 wxString& append(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
1319
1320 wxString& assign(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
1321 wxString& assign(const wxString& str);
1322 wxString& assign(const char *sz, size_t n);
1323 wxString& assign(const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
1324 wxString& assign(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
1325 wxString& assign(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
1326
1327 void clear();
1328
1329 int compare(const wxString& str) const;
1330 int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str) const;
1331 int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
1332 const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const;
1333 int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
1334 const char* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
1335 int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
1336 const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
1337
1338 bool empty() const;
1339
1340 wxString& erase(size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos);
1341 iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);
1342 iterator erase(iterator first);
1343
1344 size_t find(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
1345 size_t find(const char* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
1346 size_t find(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
1347 size_t find(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
1348
1349 wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str);
1350 wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str, size_t nStart, size_t n);
1351 wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const char *sz, size_t n);
1352 wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
1353 wxString& insert(size_t nPos, size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
1354 iterator insert(iterator it, wxUniChar ch);
1355 void insert(iterator it, const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
1356 void insert(iterator it, size_type n, wxUniChar ch);
1357
1358 wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str);
1359 wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, size_t nCount, wxUniChar ch);
1360 wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
1361 const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2);
1362 wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
1363 const char* sz, size_t nCount);
1364 wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
1365 const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount);
1366 wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
1367 const wxString& s, size_t nCount);
1368 wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const wxString& s);
1369 wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const char* s, size_type n);
1370 wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const wchar_t* s, size_type n);
1371 wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, size_type n, wxUniChar ch);
1372 wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
1373 const_iterator first1, const_iterator last1);
1374 wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
1375 const char *first1, const char *last1);
1376 wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
1377 const wchar_t *first1, const wchar_t *last1);
1378
1379 size_t rfind(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
1380 size_t rfind(const char* sz, size_t nStart = npos, size_t n = npos) const;
1381 size_t rfind(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = npos, size_t n = npos) const;
1382 size_t rfind(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
1383
1384 wxString substr(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos) const;
1385
1386 void swap(wxString& str);
1387
1388 //@}
1389
1390 };
1391
1392
1393 /**
1394 FIXME
1395 */
1396 wxString Objects:
1397 ;
1398
1399 /**
1400 FIXME
1401 */
1402 wxString wxEmptyString;
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407 /**
1408 @class wxStringBufferLength
1409
1410 This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString
1411 internal buffer as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore
1412 the string to the usable state later, and allows the user to set the internal
1413 length of the string.
1414
1415 For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
1416 @c int GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *) copying the value in the provided
1417 buffer (which must be writable, of course), and returning the actual length
1418 of the string, you might call it like this:
1419
1420 @code
1421 wxString theAnswer;
1422 wxStringBuffer theAnswerBuffer(theAnswer, 1024);
1423 int nLength = GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(theAnswerBuffer);
1424 theAnswerBuffer.SetLength(nLength);
1425 if ( theAnswer != "42" )
1426 {
1427 wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
1428 }
1429 @endcode
1430
1431 Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
1432 enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
1433 character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
1434 wxString, keeping the same buffer wxString uses intact. In other words,
1435 relying on wxStringBuffer containing the old wxString data is not a good
1436 idea if you want to build your program both with and without wxUSE_STL.
1437
1438 Note that SetLength @c must be called before wxStringBufferLength destructs.
1439
1440 @library{wxbase}
1441 @category{data}
1442 */
1443 class wxStringBufferLength
1444 {
1445 public:
1446 /**
1447 Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
1448 and containing enough space for at least @a len characters. Basically, this
1449 is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf and
1450 saving the result.
1451 */
1452 wxStringBufferLength(const wxString& str, size_t len);
1453
1454 /**
1455 Restores the string passed to the constructor to the usable state by calling
1456 wxString::UngetWriteBuf on it.
1457 */
1458 ~wxStringBufferLength();
1459
1460 /**
1461 Sets the internal length of the string referred to by wxStringBufferLength to
1462 @a nLength characters.
1463 Must be called before wxStringBufferLength destructs.
1464 */
1465 void SetLength(size_t nLength);
1466
1467 /**
1468 Returns the writable pointer to a buffer of the size at least equal to the
1469 length specified in the constructor.
1470 */
1471 wxChar* operator wxChar *();
1472 };
1473