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7 <title>The Py Manual</title>
8 <meta name="author" content="Patrick K. O'Brien" />
9 <meta name="organization" content="Orbtech" />
10 <meta name="date" content="2004-03-26" />
11 <link rel="stylesheet" href="default.css" type="text/css" />
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13 <body>
14 <div class="document" id="the-py-manual">
15 <h1 class="title">The Py Manual</h1>
16 <h2 class="subtitle" id="py-served-fresh-daily">Py - Served Fresh Daily</h2>
17 <table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none">
18 <col class="docinfo-name" />
19 <col class="docinfo-content" />
20 <tbody valign="top">
21 <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Author:</th>
22 <td>Patrick K. O'Brien</td></tr>
23 <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Contact:</th>
24 <td><a class="first last reference" href="mailto:pobrien&#64;orbtech.com">pobrien&#64;orbtech.com</a></td></tr>
25 <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Organization:</th>
26 <td><a class="first last reference" href="http://www.orbtech.com/">Orbtech</a></td></tr>
27 <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Date:</th>
28 <td>2004-03-26</td></tr>
29 <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Revision:</th>
30 <td>1.4</td></tr>
31 </tbody>
32 </table>
33 <div class="contents topic" id="contents">
34 <p class="topic-title"><a name="contents">Contents</a></p>
35 <ul class="simple">
36 <li><a class="reference" href="#introduction" id="id3" name="id3">Introduction</a></li>
37 <li><a class="reference" href="#developer-reference" id="id4" name="id4">Developer Reference</a></li>
38 <li><a class="reference" href="#what-is-py" id="id5" name="id5">What is Py?</a></li>
39 <li><a class="reference" href="#pycrust-is-dead-long-live-py" id="id6" name="id6">PyCrust is dead! Long live Py!</a></li>
40 <li><a class="reference" href="#py-standalone-programs" id="id7" name="id7">Py standalone programs</a></li>
41 <li><a class="reference" href="#pyalacarte" id="id8" name="id8">PyAlaCarte</a></li>
42 <li><a class="reference" href="#pyalamode" id="id9" name="id9">PyAlaMode</a></li>
43 <li><a class="reference" href="#pycrust" id="id10" name="id10">PyCrust</a></li>
44 <li><a class="reference" href="#pyfilling" id="id11" name="id11">PyFilling</a></li>
45 <li><a class="reference" href="#pyshell" id="id12" name="id12">PyShell</a></li>
46 <li><a class="reference" href="#pywrap" id="id13" name="id13">PyWrap</a></li>
47 <li><a class="reference" href="#py-modules" id="id14" name="id14">Py modules</a></li>
48 <li><a class="reference" href="#decorator-classes" id="id15" name="id15">Decorator classes</a></li>
49 <li><a class="reference" href="#projects-using-py" id="id16" name="id16">Projects using Py</a></li>
50 <li><a class="reference" href="#history-of-changes" id="id17" name="id17">History of changes</a><ul>
51 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-2004" id="id18" name="id18">0.9.4 (1/25/2004 to //2004)</a></li>
52 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-1-24-2004" id="id19" name="id19">0.9.3 (9/25/2003 to 1/24/2004)</a></li>
53 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-9-25-2003" id="id20" name="id20">0.9.2 (5/3/2003 to 9/25/2003)</a></li>
54 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-5-2-2003" id="id21" name="id21">0.9.1 (3/21/2003 to 5/2/2003)</a></li>
55 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-3-20-2003" id="id22" name="id22">0.9 (2/27/2003 to 3/20/2003)</a></li>
56 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-2-26-2003" id="id23" name="id23">0.8.2 (1/5/2003 to 2/26/2003)</a></li>
57 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-12-25-2002" id="id24" name="id24">0.8.1 (12/20/2002 to 12/25/2002)</a></li>
58 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-12-16-2002" id="id25" name="id25">0.8 (10/29/2002 to 12/16/2002)</a></li>
59 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-8-27-2002" id="id26" name="id26">0.7.2 (2/22/2002 to 8/27/2002)</a></li>
60 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-2-21-2002" id="id27" name="id27">0.7.1 (12/12/2001 to 2/21/2002)</a></li>
61 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-12-11-2001" id="id28" name="id28">0.7 (10/15/2001 to 12/11/2001)</a></li>
62 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-10-12-2001" id="id29" name="id29">0.6.1 (9/19/2001 to 10/12/2001)</a></li>
63 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-9-12-2001" id="id30" name="id30">0.6 (8/21/2001 to 9/12/2001)</a></li>
64 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-8-20-2001" id="id31" name="id31">0.5.4 (8/17/2001 to 8/20/2001)</a></li>
65 <li><a class="reference" href="#id1" id="id32" name="id32">0.5.3 (8/16/2001)</a></li>
66 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-8-15-2001" id="id33" name="id33">0.5.2 (8/14/2001 to 8/15/2001)</a></li>
67 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-8-14-2001" id="id34" name="id34">0.5.1 (8/10/2001 to 8/14/2001)</a></li>
68 <li><a class="reference" href="#id2" id="id35" name="id35">0.5 (8/8/2001)</a></li>
69 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-8-7-2001" id="id36" name="id36">0.4 (8/4/2001 to 8/7/2001)</a></li>
70 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-8-3-2001" id="id37" name="id37">0.3 (8/2/2001 to 8/3/2001)</a></li>
71 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-8-2-2001" id="id38" name="id38">0.2 (7/30/2001 to 8/2/2001)</a></li>
72 <li><a class="reference" href="#to-7-19-2001" id="id39" name="id39">0.1 (7/1/2001 to 7/19/2001)</a></li>
73 <li><a class="reference" href="#in-the-beginning-there-was-pie-7-1-2001" id="id40" name="id40">In the beginning, there was pie... (7/1/2001)</a></li>
74 </ul>
75 </li>
76 </ul>
77 </div>
78 <div class="section" id="introduction">
79 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" name="introduction">Introduction</a></h1>
80 <p>This document will show you how to use the Py programs and the Py
81 library of Python source code modules. Py is the new name for the
82 project that began as PyCrust. Py is officially part of <a class="reference" href="http://www.wxpython.org/">wxPython</a>,
83 and includes PyCrust, so PyCrust is no longer distributed separately.</p>
84 </div>
85 <div class="section" id="developer-reference">
86 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" name="developer-reference">Developer Reference</a></h1>
87 <p>Source code documentation for developers is available at:</p>
88 <p><a class="reference" href="http://www.orbtech.com/www/wx/epydoc/public/wx.py-module.html">http://www.orbtech.com/www/wx/epydoc/public/wx.py-module.html</a></p>
89 </div>
90 <div class="section" id="what-is-py">
91 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5" name="what-is-py">What is Py?</a></h1>
92 <p>Besides being <a class="reference" href="http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie">a delicious dessert</a>, Py is the name for a collection
93 of whimsically-named Python programs and modules that began as the
94 PyCrust project. So Py is really several things: a set of standalone
95 programs, including the original PyCrust program, a library of Python
96 source code modules that can be used in your own programs, a set of
97 decorator classes that enhance the wxPython class library, and as many
98 examples of bad &quot;pie&quot; puns as I can come up with. (If you're going to
99 do something, you might as well do it all the way, right?) Py uses
100 Python and wxPython, so it works equally well on Windows, Linux and
101 Mac OS X.</p>
102 </div>
103 <div class="section" id="pycrust-is-dead-long-live-py">
104 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6" name="pycrust-is-dead-long-live-py">PyCrust is dead! Long live Py!</a></h1>
105 <p>This project began with a program I created called PyCrust - an
106 interactive, graphical Python shell, developed using the wxPython GUI
107 toolkit. For about two years, PyCrust was hosted on <a class="reference" href="http://www.sf.net/projects/pycrust/">SourceForge</a>.
108 Shortly after I created PyCrust, the wxPython folks started including
109 it in their distribution. As the PyCrust project grew, it reached a
110 point where I thought the original PyCrust name was too confining. I
111 was using the PyCrust code base to develop programs that weren't just
112 Python shells any more.</p>
113 <p>Around that same time, the wxPython folks asked me if I'd be willing
114 to move all my wxPython-related projects into the <a class="reference" href="http://cvs.wxWidgets.org">wxPython CVS
115 repository</a>, and become part of the <a class="reference" href="http://www.wxpython.org/">wxPython</a>/<a class="reference" href="http://www.wxWidgets.org/">wxWidgets</a> developer team.
116 I decided the time was right to restructure the PyCrust project.
117 During the move, the PyCrust package was renamed to &quot;py&quot; (lowercase
118 &quot;p&quot;) and the collection of programs and modules as a whole became
119 known as &quot;Py&quot; (with a capital &quot;P&quot;).</p>
120 <p>The original goal of PyCrust was to be the best interactive, graphical
121 Python shell (of course, I claimed it was the &quot;flakiest&quot; Python
122 shell). And that was all I wanted it to be. But little by little I
123 found myself developing a wider variety of tools for wxPython
124 applications. Eventually I'll create a debugger (PySlice, perhaps)
125 and whatever else is needed to one day become a complete wxPython
126 application development environment (PyFactory?). In the mean time,
127 PyCrust is still the flakiest Python shell, and the other Py programs
128 are equally tasty.</p>
129 <p>At this point, Py has standalone programs that include Python code
130 editors (PyAlaCarte and PyAlaMode), interactive Python shells (PyCrust
131 and PyShell), and a runtime wrapper (PyWrap). The runtime wrapper
132 utility provides you with runtime introspection capabilities for your
133 wxPython programs without having to include PyCrust or PyShell in your
134 program, and without having to alter one line of your source code.</p>
135 <p>Py also contains a collection of modules that you can use in your own
136 wxPython applications to provide similar services, either for your own
137 use during development, or as an interface for users of your programs.
138 These modules are the same ones used by all the Py programs. In
139 addition, Py contains a set of decorator classes that enhance the
140 wxPython class library, by dynamically attaching docstrings and call
141 signatures at runtime.</p>
142 </div>
143 <div class="section" id="py-standalone-programs">
144 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7" name="py-standalone-programs">Py standalone programs</a></h1>
145 <p>These are the standalone applications in the Py collection:</p>
146 <ul class="simple">
147 <li>PyAlaCarte</li>
148 <li>PyAlaMode</li>
149 <li>PyCrust</li>
150 <li>PyFilling</li>
151 <li>PyShell</li>
152 <li>PyWrap</li>
153 </ul>
154 </div>
155 <div class="section" id="pyalacarte">
156 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8" name="pyalacarte">PyAlaCarte</a></h1>
157 <p>PyAlaCarte is a Python source code editor. It is designed to have a
158 simple, single-file interface. As a standalone application, it is
159 good for simple, short editing tasks. But it is really meant to be
160 more of an example of how to embed the Py editor into a wxPython
161 application.</p>
162 </div>
163 <div class="section" id="pyalamode">
164 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9" name="pyalamode">PyAlaMode</a></h1>
165 <p>PyAlaMode is a Python source code editor.</p>
166 </div>
167 <div class="section" id="pycrust">
168 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10" name="pycrust">PyCrust</a></h1>
169 <p>PyCrust is an interactive, Python shell. But it's more than just a
170 shell. It includes a tabbed notebook containing a namespace tree
171 (PyFilling), and several other things.</p>
172 </div>
173 <div class="section" id="pyfilling">
174 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11" name="pyfilling">PyFilling</a></h1>
175 <p>PyFilling is a namespace viewer. It isn't really useful as a
176 standalone program, but it does illustrate how to make use of the
177 underlying <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">filling</span></tt> module.</p>
178 </div>
179 <div class="section" id="pyshell">
180 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12" name="pyshell">PyShell</a></h1>
181 <p>PyShell is an interactive, Python shell. It shares the same base code
182 as PyCrust, but doesn't have any of the extra features that appear in
183 the PyCrust notebook interface.</p>
184 <div class="figure">
185 <p><img alt="screenshots/PyShell.png" src="screenshots/PyShell.png" /></p>
186 <p class="caption">PyShell running on Mandrake Linux.</p>
187 </div>
188 </div>
189 <div class="section" id="pywrap">
190 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13" name="pywrap">PyWrap</a></h1>
191 <p>PyWrap is a runtime utility that lets you run an existing wxPython
192 program with a PyCrust frame at the same time. Inside the PyCrust
193 shell namespace, the local variable <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">app</span></tt> is assigned to your
194 application instance. In this way you can introspect your entire
195 application within the PyCrust shell, as well as the PyFilling
196 namespace viewer. And through the use of the Py decorator classes,
197 PyCrust can display wxPython function and method signatures as well as
198 docstrings for the entire wxPython library.</p>
199 </div>
200 <div class="section" id="py-modules">
201 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14" name="py-modules">Py modules</a></h1>
202 <p>Py was designed to be modular. That means graphical code is kept
203 separate from non-graphical code, and many of the Py modules can be
204 used by other programs. Likewise, other programs can supply some of
205 the modules needed by Py. For example, you could supply a customized
206 interpreter module and plug it in to the PyCrust standalone
207 application. As long as it supports the minimum functionality
208 required, PyCrust will work just as well with your interpreter as with
209 its default interpreter.</p>
210 </div>
211 <div class="section" id="decorator-classes">
212 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15" name="decorator-classes">Decorator classes</a></h1>
213 <p>Py contains a set of decorator classes that enhance the wxPython class
214 library, by dynamically attaching docstrings and call signatures at
215 runtime.</p>
216 </div>
217 <div class="section" id="projects-using-py">
218 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16" name="projects-using-py">Projects using Py</a></h1>
219 <ul class="simple">
220 <li><a class="reference" href="http://conflictsolver.sourceforge.net/">Conflict Solver</a></li>
221 <li><a class="reference" href="http://www.gnumed.org/">Gnumed</a></li>
222 <li>PyGist</li>
223 <li><a class="reference" href="http://www.pythoncard.org/">PythonCard</a></li>
224 <li><a class="reference" href="http://rpy.sourceforge.net/">RPy</a></li>
225 <li><a class="reference" href="http://www.scipy.org/">SciPy</a></li>
226 <li><a class="reference" href="http://www.sim42.org/">Sim42</a></li>
227 <li><a class="reference" href="http://linus.yorktown.arlington.k12.va.us/CS/APCSC/student_sites/David_Mayo/wxGasp">wxGasp</a></li>
228 </ul>
229 </div>
230 <div class="section" id="history-of-changes">
231 <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17" name="history-of-changes">History of changes</a></h1>
232 <p>This section lists all the changes that have been made to the Py
233 programs and modules, since the beginning.</p>
234 <div class="section" id="to-2004">
235 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18" name="to-2004">0.9.4 (1/25/2004 to //2004)</a></h2>
236 <p>Removed wxd decorators in favor of new SWIG-generated docstrings.</p>
237 <p>Removed docs tabs from crust interface:
238 * wxPython Docs
239 * wxSTC Docs</p>
240 <p>Fixed Calltip tab refresh problem on Windows.</p>
241 <p>shell.autoCompleteAutoHide added with default of False.</p>
242 <p>Changed default namespace of Shell to __main__.__dict__, instead of an
243 empty dictionary.</p>
244 </div>
245 <div class="section" id="to-1-24-2004">
246 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19" name="to-1-24-2004">0.9.3 (9/25/2003 to 1/24/2004)</a></h2>
247 <p>Fun and games with dynamic renaming. Details of any other changes
248 were lost in the confusion. I'll try to do better in the future.</p>
249 </div>
250 <div class="section" id="to-9-25-2003">
251 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20" name="to-9-25-2003">0.9.2 (5/3/2003 to 9/25/2003)</a></h2>
252 <p>Changed to the new prefix-less &quot;wx&quot; package:</p>
253 <pre class="literal-block">
254 import wx
255 </pre>
256 <p>instead of:</p>
257 <pre class="literal-block">
258 from wxPython import wx
259 </pre>
260 <p>Fixed typo in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyWrap.py</span></tt>:</p>
261 <pre class="literal-block">
262 if __name__ == '__main__':
263 main(sys.argv)
264 </pre>
265 <p>should have been:</p>
266 <pre class="literal-block">
267 if __name__ == '__main__':
268 main()
269 </pre>
270 <p>Added pretty-print Display tab to Crust, based on suggestion from
271 Jason Whitlark.</p>
272 <p>Improved <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Can*</span></tt> checks in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">EditWindow</span></tt>, since STC is too lenient,
273 particularly when it is set to read-only but returns True for
274 CanPaste() (seems like an STC bug to me):</p>
275 <pre class="literal-block">
276 def CanCopy(self):
277 &quot;&quot;&quot;Return True if text is selected and can be copied.&quot;&quot;&quot;
278 return self.GetSelectionStart() != self.GetSelectionEnd()
279
280 def CanCut(self):
281 &quot;&quot;&quot;Return True if text is selected and can be cut.&quot;&quot;&quot;
282 return self.CanCopy() and self.CanEdit()
283
284 def CanEdit(self):
285 &quot;&quot;&quot;Return True if editing should succeed.&quot;&quot;&quot;
286 return not self.GetReadOnly()
287
288 def CanPaste(self):
289 &quot;&quot;&quot;Return True if pasting should succeed.&quot;&quot;&quot;
290 return stc.StyledTextCtrl.CanPaste(self) and self.CanEdit()
291 </pre>
292 </div>
293 <div class="section" id="to-5-2-2003">
294 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21" name="to-5-2-2003">0.9.1 (3/21/2003 to 5/2/2003)</a></h2>
295 <p>PyCrust is dead! Long live Py!</p>
296 <ul class="simple">
297 <li>Renamed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust</span></tt> package to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">py</span></tt>.</li>
298 <li>Moved code to wxPython's CVS repository.</li>
299 </ul>
300 <p>Fixed bug in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.py</span></tt> on introspecting objects occurring
301 immediately after a secondary prompt, like this:</p>
302 <pre class="literal-block">
303 &gt;&gt;&gt; l = [1, 2, 3]
304 &gt;&gt;&gt; for n in range(3):
305 ... l. &lt;-- failed to popup autocomplete list
306 </pre>
307 <p>Added documentation files:</p>
308 <ul class="simple">
309 <li>PyManual.txt</li>
310 <li>wxPythonManual.txt</li>
311 <li>wxPythonPackage.txt</li>
312 <li>wxPythonExamples.txt</li>
313 </ul>
314 <p>Added PyAlaMode and PyAlaCarte code editors.</p>
315 <p>Major refactoring to support <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">editor</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell</span></tt> from the same
316 base.</p>
317 <p>Renamed program files:</p>
318 <ul class="simple">
319 <li><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrustApp.py</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust.py</span></tt></li>
320 <li><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFillingApp.py</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFilling.py</span></tt></li>
321 <li><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyShellApp.py</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyShell.py</span></tt></li>
322 <li><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">wrap.py</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyWrap.py</span></tt></li>
323 </ul>
324 <p>Removed disabling of autocomplete for lists of 2000 items or more.
325 The current implementation of wxSTC can now handle lists this big.</p>
326 <p>Improved handling of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> to mimic the standard Python shell.</p>
327 </div>
328 <div class="section" id="to-3-20-2003">
329 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22" name="to-3-20-2003">0.9 (2/27/2003 to 3/20/2003)</a></h2>
330 <p>Added fontIncrease, fontDecrease, fontDefault signals, receivers and
331 keybindings:</p>
332 <pre class="literal-block">
333 Ctrl+] Increase font size.
334 Ctrl+[ Decrease font size.
335 Ctrl+= Default font size.
336 </pre>
337 <p>Continued enhancement of the decorator capability to provide better
338 documentation and docstrings for wxPython classes and functions.</p>
339 <p>Introduced new tabbed interface:</p>
340 <ul class="simple">
341 <li>Namespace</li>
342 <li>Calltip</li>
343 <li>Session</li>
344 <li>Dispatcher</li>
345 <li>wxPython Docs</li>
346 <li>wxSTC Docs</li>
347 </ul>
348 <p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Filling.tree</span></tt> now expands tuples as well as lists. (It should have
349 done this all along, I just never noticed this omission before.)</p>
350 <p>Added this True/False test to all modules:</p>
351 <pre class="literal-block">
352 try:
353 True
354 except NameError:
355 True = 1==1
356 False = 1==0
357 </pre>
358 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">wxd</span></tt> directory with decoration classes.</p>
359 </div>
360 <div class="section" id="to-2-26-2003">
361 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23" name="to-2-26-2003">0.8.2 (1/5/2003 to 2/26/2003)</a></h2>
362 <p>Wrapped <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sys.ps1</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sys.ps2</span></tt>, and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sys.ps3</span></tt> in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">str()</span></tt>.
363 (Thanks, Kieran Holland.)</p>
364 <p>Fixed minor things found by PyChecker.</p>
365 <p>Changed locals to use <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">__main__.__dict__</span></tt> and added code to clean up
366 the namespace, making it as close to the regular Python environment as
367 possible. This solves the problem of pickling and unpickling
368 instances of classes defined in the shell.</p>
369 <p>Made <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.PasteAndRun()</span></tt> a little more forgiving when it finds a
370 ps2 prompt line with no trailing space, such when you copy code from a
371 web page.</p>
372 <p>Improved autocomplete behavior by adding these to shell:</p>
373 <pre class="literal-block">
374 self.AutoCompSetAutoHide(False)
375 self.AutoCompStops(' .,;:([)]}\'&quot;\\&lt;&gt;%^&amp;+-=*/|`')
376 </pre>
377 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">decor</span></tt> directory, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">decorator.py</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">stcDecor.py</span></tt>, and
378 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">stcConstants.py</span></tt>. These all serve the purpose of adding docstrings
379 to existing wxPython classes, in particular the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">wxStyledTextCtrl</span></tt>.</p>
380 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">wrap.py</span></tt>, a command line utility for running a wxPython app
381 with additional runtime-tools loaded, such as PyCrust (the only tool
382 at this point).</p>
383 <p>Flushed the clipboard Cut/Copy operations so that selections will
384 exist in the clipboard even after PyCrust has been closed.</p>
385 <p>Improved the suppression of docstrings for simple data types appearing
386 in the namespace viewer.</p>
387 <p>Better handling of autocompletion with numeric types; no
388 autocompletion when typing a dot after an integer. If the
389 autocompletion is desired, type a space before the dot:</p>
390 <pre class="literal-block">
391 func = 3 .
392 </pre>
393 <p>More Filling!!! The namespace tree is now dynamically updated.</p>
394 </div>
395 <div class="section" id="to-12-25-2002">
396 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24" name="to-12-25-2002">0.8.1 (12/20/2002 to 12/25/2002)</a></h2>
397 <p>Improved keyboard handling with Autocomplete active. You can now use
398 Enter as well as Tab to select an item from the list.</p>
399 <p>Disabled autocomplete for lists of 2000 items or more. The current
400 implementation of wxSTC can't handle lists this big.</p>
401 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">filling</span></tt> to always display docstrings for objects. This is
402 useful for objects whose docstrings have been decorated, rather than
403 coming directly from the source code. (Hmmm. Sounds like someone is
404 doing some decorating. I wonder where that would be helpful? &lt;wink&gt;)</p>
405 <p>Fixed handling of icon. Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">images.py</span></tt> file.</p>
406 </div>
407 <div class="section" id="to-12-16-2002">
408 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25" name="to-12-16-2002">0.8 (10/29/2002 to 12/16/2002)</a></h2>
409 <p>Added &quot;help&quot; to startup banner info.</p>
410 <p>Made all <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">wx</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">stc</span></tt> imports explicit. No more <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">*</span></tt>.</p>
411 <p>Replaced use of the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">wx</span></tt> module's <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">true</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">false</span></tt> with
412 Python's <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>.</p>
413 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getRoot()</span></tt> to use <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></tt> module. This
414 does a slightly better job than the previous parsing routine and the
415 code is clearer.</p>
416 <p>Improved handling of whitespace and empty types during introspection.</p>
417 <p>Fixed cut/copy clipboard problem under Linux. (Robin Dunn rocks!!!)</p>
418 <p>Added shell.about() which works like this:</p>
419 <pre class="literal-block">
420 &gt;&gt;&gt; shell.about()
421 PyCrust Version: 0.8
422 Shell Revision: 1.80
423 Interpreter Revision: 1.15
424 Python Version: 2.2.2
425 wxPython Version: 2.3.3.1
426 Platform: linux2
427 </pre>
428 <p>Added copy plus and paste plus to shell menu.</p>
429 <p>Moved shell menu from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.py</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shellmenu.py</span></tt>.</p>
430 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sys.stdin.readlines()</span></tt> support.</p>
431 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">time.sleep()</span></tt> in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OnIdle()</span></tt> event
432 handler to free up the CPU.</p>
433 </div>
434 <div class="section" id="to-8-27-2002">
435 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26" name="to-8-27-2002">0.7.2 (2/22/2002 to 8/27/2002)</a></h2>
436 <p>Tweaked <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">getAttributeNames()</span></tt> to pick up a few more attributes:</p>
437 <pre class="literal-block">
438 '__bases__', '__class__', '__dict__', '__name__', 'func_closure',
439 'func_code', 'func_defaults', 'func_dict', 'func_doc',
440 'func_globals', 'func_name'
441 </pre>
442 <p>Added a tests directory and unit tests.</p>
443 <p>Improved support for empty types in the shell: <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">[]</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">()</span></tt> and
444 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">{}</span></tt> as far as when call tips and autocompletion are available.</p>
445 <p>Added support for the other triple string - <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">''''''</span></tt>.</p>
446 <p>Refactored <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.py</span></tt> to improve testability.</p>
447 <p>Improved call tips for unbound methods by leaving the &quot;self&quot;
448 parameter, since unbound methods require an instance be passed.</p>
449 <p>Fixed call tip bug where a tip was displayed when a &quot;(&quot; was typed
450 after an object that wasn't callable.</p>
451 <p>Fixed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">getAllAttributeNames</span></tt> when <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">str(object)</span></tt> fails.</p>
452 <p>Added brace highlighting. (Thank you, Kevin Altis.)</p>
453 <p>Fixed problem displaying unicode objects in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFilling</span></tt>.</p>
454 <p>Changed how <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">filling.py</span></tt> checks for expandable objects. Lists are
455 now expandable objects.</p>
456 <p>Made the key handling more robust when there is an active text
457 selection that includes text prior to the last primary prompt. Thanks
458 to Raul Cota for pointing this out.</p>
459 <p>Fixed wxSTC problem with brace highlighting and non-us keyboards.
460 (Thank you for the patch, Jean-Michel Fauth.)</p>
461 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">busy</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">wxBusyCursor()</span></tt> to key points in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell</span></tt> and
462 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">filling</span></tt>.</p>
463 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OnCloseWindow</span></tt> handler to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">ShellFrame</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">CrustFrame</span></tt>.</p>
464 <p>Default to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">SetWrapMode(1)</span></tt> for shell and namespace viewer.</p>
465 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.wrap()</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.zoom()</span></tt>.</p>
466 <p>Added autoCompleteKeys hooks for Raul Cota.</p>
467 <p>Cleaned up various little key handling bugs.</p>
468 <p>Changed input methods to get values from shell, rather than dialog
469 boxes. Renamed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">readIn</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">readRaw</span></tt> to
470 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">raw_input</span></tt>.</p>
471 </div>
472 <div class="section" id="to-2-21-2002">
473 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27" name="to-2-21-2002">0.7.1 (12/12/2001 to 2/21/2002)</a></h2>
474 <p>Fixed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OnChar()</span></tt> issues effecting European keyboards, as reported by
475 Jean-Michel Fauth.</p>
476 <p>Fixed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.py</span></tt> issue with xmlrpc objects reported by Kevin
477 Altis.</p>
478 <p>Fixed some introspect/PyFilling issues with regard to Python 2.2.</p>
479 <p>Fixed font background color as reported by Keith J. Farmer. (Thanks)</p>
480 <p>Fixed problem with call tips and autocompletion inside multiline
481 commands as report by Kevin Altis.</p>
482 <p>Improved <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OnKeyDown</span></tt> handling of cut/copy/paste operations based on
483 feedback from Syver Enstad. (Thanks)</p>
484 <p>Added a <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.help()</span></tt> method to display some help info.</p>
485 <p>Changed sort of items in the namespace viewer to case insensitive.</p>
486 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">attributes.sort(lambda</span> <span class="pre">x,</span> <span class="pre">y:</span> <span class="pre">cmp(x.upper(),</span> <span class="pre">y.upper()))</span></tt> in
487 advance of an upcoming fix to an autocompletion matching bug in wxSTC.</p>
488 <p>Improved support for ZODB by allowing namespace drilldown into BTrees.</p>
489 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.PasteAndRun()</span></tt> to support pasting multiple commands into
490 the shell from the clipboard. Ctrl+Shift+V or v.</p>
491 <p>Enter now always processes a command (or copies down a previous one.)
492 To insert a line break, press Ctrl+Enter.</p>
493 <p>Escape key clears the current, unexecuted command.</p>
494 <p>History retrieval changed to replace current command. Added new keys
495 to insert from history - Shift+Up and Shift+Down.</p>
496 <p>Better call tips on objects with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">__call__</span></tt> methods.</p>
497 <p>Improved call tip positioning calculation.</p>
498 </div>
499 <div class="section" id="to-12-11-2001">
500 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28" name="to-12-11-2001">0.7 (10/15/2001 to 12/11/2001)</a></h2>
501 <p>Changed how command history retrieval functions work. Added Alt-P,
502 Alt-N as keybindings for Retrieve-Previous, Retrieve-Next.</p>
503 <p>Added full support for multi-line commands, similar to IDLE.</p>
504 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getAttributeNames()</span></tt> to do a case insensitive
505 sort.</p>
506 <p>Changed Cut/Copy/Paste to deal with prompts intelligently. Cut and
507 Copy remove all prompts. Paste can handle prompted or not-prompted
508 text.</p>
509 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">CopyWithPrompts()</span></tt> method attached to Ctrl-Shift-C for those
510 times when you really do want all the prompts left intact.</p>
511 <p>Improved handling of the shell's read-only zone.</p>
512 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">CrustFrame.__init__</span></tt> parameter spec to include all
513 parameters allowed by a <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">wxFrame</span></tt>.</p>
514 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">FillingText</span></tt> to be read-only.</p>
515 <p>Renamed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust.py</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrustApp.py</span></tt> to eliminate
516 package/module name conflicts that kept you from doing <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">PyCrust</span>
517 <span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">shell</span></tt> inside files located in the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust</span></tt> directory.</p>
518 <p>Renamed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFilling.py</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFillingApp.py</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyShell.py</span></tt> to
519 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyShellApp.py</span></tt> to maintain consistency.</p>
520 <p>Removed the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">__date__</span></tt> property from all modules.</p>
521 <p>Fixed bug in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getCallTip()</span></tt>, reported by Kevin Altis.</p>
522 </div>
523 <div class="section" id="to-10-12-2001">
524 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29" name="to-10-12-2001">0.6.1 (9/19/2001 to 10/12/2001)</a></h2>
525 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Shell.run()</span></tt> to always position to the end of existing
526 text, as suggested by Raul Cota.</p>
527 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getAllAttributeNames()</span></tt> to break circular
528 references in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">object.__class__</span></tt>, which occurs in Zope/ZODB
529 extension classes.</p>
530 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">filling.FillingTree.getChildren()</span></tt> to introspect extension
531 classes.</p>
532 <p>Fixed minor bugs in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getCallTip()</span></tt> that were interfering
533 with call tips for Zope/ZODB extension class methods.</p>
534 <p>In preparation for wxPython 2.3.2, added code to fix a font sizing
535 problem. Versions of wxPython prior to 2.3.2 had a sizing bug on Win
536 platform where the font was 2 points larger than what was specified.</p>
537 <p>Added a hack to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getAllAttributeNames()</span></tt> to &quot;wake up&quot;
538 ZODB objects that are asleep - in a &quot;ghost&quot; state. Otherwise it
539 returns incomplete info.</p>
540 </div>
541 <div class="section" id="to-9-12-2001">
542 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30" name="to-9-12-2001">0.6 (8/21/2001 to 9/12/2001)</a></h2>
543 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFilling.py</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">filling.py</span></tt>.</p>
544 <p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyShell.py</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFilling.py</span></tt> can now be run standalone, as well
545 as <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust.py</span></tt>.</p>
546 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">crust.py</span></tt> and moved some code from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust.py</span></tt> to it.</p>
547 <p>Added command history retrieval features submitted by Richie Hindle.</p>
548 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.write()</span></tt> to replace line endings with OS-specific
549 endings. Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.py</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">interpreter.py</span></tt> to use
550 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">os.linesep</span></tt> in strings having hardcoded line endings.</p>
551 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.redirectStdin()</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.redirectStdout()</span></tt> and
552 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">shell.redirectStderr()</span></tt> to allow the surrounding app to toggle
553 requests that the specified <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sys.std*</span></tt> be redirected to the shell.
554 These can also be run from within the shell itself, of course.</p>
555 <p>The shell now adds the current working directory &quot;.&quot; to the search
556 path:</p>
557 <pre class="literal-block">
558 sys.path.insert(0, os.curdir)
559 </pre>
560 <p>Added support for distutils installations.</p>
561 </div>
562 <div class="section" id="to-8-20-2001">
563 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31" name="to-8-20-2001">0.5.4 (8/17/2001 to 8/20/2001)</a></h2>
564 <p>Changed default font size under Linux to:</p>
565 <pre class="literal-block">
566 'size' : 12,
567 'lnsize' : 10,
568 </pre>
569 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Shell</span></tt> to expect a parameter referencing an Interpreter
570 class, rather than an intepreter instance, to facilitate subclassing
571 of Interpreter, which effectively broke when the Editor class was
572 eliminated.</p>
573 <p>Fixed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrustAlaCarte.py</span></tt>, which had been broken by previous
574 changes.</p>
575 <p>Created <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">InterpreterAlaCarte</span></tt> class as an example for use in the
576 demo.</p>
577 <p>Split <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust.py</span></tt> into <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust.py</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyShell.py</span></tt> in
578 anticipation of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyFilling.py</span></tt>.</p>
579 </div>
580 <div class="section" id="id1">
581 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32" name="id1">0.5.3 (8/16/2001)</a></h2>
582 <p>Added patch to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrust.py</span></tt> to fix wxPython bug:</p>
583 <pre class="literal-block">
584 wxID_SELECTALL = NewId() # This *should* be defined by wxPython.
585 </pre>
586 </div>
587 <div class="section" id="to-8-15-2001">
588 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33" name="to-8-15-2001">0.5.2 (8/14/2001 to 8/15/2001)</a></h2>
589 <p>Shortened module names by dropping &quot;PyCrust&quot; as a prefix.</p>
590 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">version</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">VERSION</span></tt> in <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">version</span></tt> module.</p>
591 <p>Added Options menu to PyCrust application.</p>
592 <p>Eliminated the Editor class (and editor module) by merging with Shell.
593 This means that Shell &quot;is a&quot; wxStyledTextCtrl rather than &quot;has a&quot;.
594 There just wasn't enough non-gui code to justify the separation.
595 Plus, Shell will be much easier for gui toolkits/designers to deal
596 with now.</p>
597 </div>
598 <div class="section" id="to-8-14-2001">
599 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34" name="to-8-14-2001">0.5.1 (8/10/2001 to 8/14/2001)</a></h2>
600 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect</span></tt> module.</p>
601 <p>Moved some functionality from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrustInterp</span></tt> to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect</span></tt>.</p>
602 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getRoot()</span></tt> to no longer remove whitespace from
603 the command. This was a remnant of a previous approach that, when
604 left as part of the current approach, turned out to be a really bad
605 thing.</p>
606 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getRoot()</span></tt> to allow commands of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">&quot;&quot;</span></tt>,
607 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">&quot;&quot;&quot;&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">[]</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">()</span></tt>, and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">{}</span></tt> to pass through. This allows
608 you to type them, followed by a dot, and get autocomplete options on
609 them.</p>
610 <p>Changed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">introspect.getRoot()</span></tt> to identify some situations where
611 strings shouldn't be considered roots. For example:</p>
612 <pre class="literal-block">
613 &gt;&gt;&gt; import PyCrust # To illustrate the potential problem.
614 &gt;&gt;&gt; len('PyCrust.py')
615 </pre>
616 <p>Typing the dot at the end of &quot;PyCrust&quot; in the second line above should
617 NOT result in an autocompletion list because &quot;PyCrust&quot; is part of a
618 string in this context, not a reference to the PyCrust module object.
619 Similar reasoning applies to call tips. For example:</p>
620 <pre class="literal-block">
621 &gt;&gt;&gt; len('dir(')
622 </pre>
623 <p>Typing the left paren at the end of &quot;dir&quot; should NOT result in a call
624 tip.</p>
625 <p>Both features now behave properly in the examples given. However,
626 there is still the case where whitespace precedes the potential root
627 and that is NOT handled properly. For example:</p>
628 <pre class="literal-block">
629 &gt;&gt;&gt; len('this is a dir(')
630 </pre>
631 <p>and:</p>
632 <pre class="literal-block">
633 &gt;&gt;&gt; len('This is PyCrust.py')
634 </pre>
635 <p>More code needs to be written to handle more complex situations.</p>
636 <p>Added <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">locals=None</span></tt> parameter to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Shell.__init__()</span></tt>.</p>
637 <p>Added support for magic attribute retrieval. Users can change this
638 with:</p>
639 <pre class="literal-block">
640 &gt;&gt;&gt; shell.editor.autoCompleteIncludeMagic = 0
641 </pre>
642 <p>Added the ability to set filters on auto completion to exclude
643 attributes prefixed with a single or double underscore. Users can
644 exclude one or the other or both with:</p>
645 <pre class="literal-block">
646 &gt;&gt;&gt; shell.editor.autoCompleteExcludeSingle = 1
647 &gt;&gt;&gt; shell.editor.autoCompleteExcludeDouble = 1
648 </pre>
649 </div>
650 <div class="section" id="id2">
651 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id35" name="id2">0.5 (8/8/2001)</a></h2>
652 <p>Mostly just a final version change before creating a release.</p>
653 </div>
654 <div class="section" id="to-8-7-2001">
655 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id36" name="to-8-7-2001">0.4 (8/4/2001 to 8/7/2001)</a></h2>
656 <p>Changed version/revision handling.</p>
657 <p>Fixed bugs.</p>
658 </div>
659 <div class="section" id="to-8-3-2001">
660 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id37" name="to-8-3-2001">0.3 (8/2/2001 to 8/3/2001)</a></h2>
661 <p>Removed lots of cruft.</p>
662 <p>Added lots of docstrings.</p>
663 <p>Imported to CVS repository at SourceForge.</p>
664 <p>Added call tips.</p>
665 </div>
666 <div class="section" id="to-8-2-2001">
667 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id38" name="to-8-2-2001">0.2 (7/30/2001 to 8/2/2001)</a></h2>
668 <p>Renamed several files.</p>
669 <p>Added command autocompletion.</p>
670 <p>Added menus to PyCrust.py: File, Edit and Help.</p>
671 <p>Added sample applications: <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrustAlaCarte.py</span></tt>,
672 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrustAlaMode.py</span></tt>, and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">PyCrustMinimus.py</span></tt>.</p>
673 </div>
674 <div class="section" id="to-7-19-2001">
675 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id39" name="to-7-19-2001">0.1 (7/1/2001 to 7/19/2001)</a></h2>
676 <p>Added basic syntax coloring much like Boa.</p>
677 <p>Added read-only logging much like IDLE.</p>
678 <p>Can retrieve a previous command by putting the cursor back on that
679 line and hitting enter.</p>
680 <p>Stdin and raw_input operate properly so you can now do <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">help()</span></tt> and
681 <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">license()</span></tt> without hanging.</p>
682 <p>Redefined &quot;quit&quot;, &quot;exit&quot;, and &quot;close&quot; to display a better-than-nothing
683 response.</p>
684 <p>Home key honors the prompt.</p>
685 <p>Created SourceForge account, but nothing was posted.</p>
686 </div>
687 <div class="section" id="in-the-beginning-there-was-pie-7-1-2001">
688 <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id40" name="in-the-beginning-there-was-pie-7-1-2001">In the beginning, there was pie... (7/1/2001)</a></h2>
689 <p>Blame it all on IDLE, Boa and PythonWin. I was using all three, got
690 frustrated with their dissimilarities, and began to let everyone know
691 how I felt. At the same time, Scintilla looked like an interesting
692 tool to build a shell around. And while I didn't receive much in the
693 way of positive feedback, let alone encouragement, I just couldn't let
694 go of the idea of a Scintilla-based Python shell. Then the PythonCard
695 project got to the point where they were talking about including a
696 shell in their development environment. That was all the incentive I
697 needed. PyCrust had to happen...</p>
698 </div>
699 </div>
700 </div>
701 </body>
702 </html>