src/tiff/man/libtiff.3tiff

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  24 .if n .po 0
  25 .TH INTRO 3TIFF "November 2, 2005" "libtiff"
  26 .SH NAME
  27 libtiff \- introduction to
  28 .IR libtiff ,
  29 a library for reading and writing
  30 .SM TIFF
  31 files
  32 .SH SYNOPSIS
  33 .B "#include <tiffio.h>"
  34 .sp
  35 cc file.c
  36 .B -ltiff
  37 .SH DESCRIPTION
  38 .I libtiff
  39 is a library for reading and writing data files encoded with the
  40 .I "Tag Image File"
  41 format, Revision 6.0 (or revision 5.0 or revision 4.0). This file format is
  42 suitable for archiving multi-color and monochromatic image data.
  43 .PP
  44 The library supports several compression algorithms, as indicated by the
  45 .I Compression
  46 field, including:
  47 no compression (1),
  48 .SM CCITT
  49 1D Huffman compression (2),
  50 .SM CCITT
  51 Group 3 Facsimile compression (3),
  52 .SM CCITT
  53 Group 4 Facsimile compression (4),
  54 Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression (5),
  55 baseline JPEG compression (7),
  56 word-aligned 1D Huffman compression (32771),
  57 and
  58 PackBits compression (32773).
  59 In addition, several nonstandard compression algorithms are supported: the
  60 4-bit compression algorithm used by the
  61 .I ThunderScan
  62 program (32809) (decompression only), NeXT's 2-bit compression algorithm
  63 (32766) (decompression only), an experimental LZ-style algorithm known as
  64 Deflate (32946), and an experimental CIE LogLuv compression scheme designed
  65 for images with high dynamic range (32845 for LogL and 32845 for LogLuv).
  66 Directory information may be in either little- or big-endian byte order\-byte
  67 swapping is automatically done by the library. Data bit ordering may be either
  68 Most Significant Bit (\c
  69 .SM MSB\c
  70 ) to Least Significant Bit (\c
  71 .SM LSB\c
  72 ) or
  73 .SM LSB
  74 to
  75 .SM MSB.
  76 Finally, the library does not support files in which the
  77 .IR BitsPerSample ,
  78 .IR Compression ,
  79 .IR MinSampleValue ,
  80 or
  81 .IR MaxSampleValue
  82 fields are defined differently on a per-sample basis
  83 (in Rev. 6.0 the
  84 .I Compression
  85 tag is not defined on a per-sample basis, so this is immaterial).
  86 .SH "DATA TYPES"
  87 The library makes extensive use of C typedefs to promote portability.
  88 Two sets of typedefs are used, one for communication with clients
  89 of the library and one for internal data structures and parsing of the
  90 .SM TIFF
  91 format.
  92 The following typedefs are exposed to users either through function
  93 definitions or through parameters passed through the varargs interfaces.
  94 .in +.5i
  95 .sp 5p
  96 .ta +\w'typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32;    'u
  97 .nf
  98 typedef unsigned short uint16;  16-bit unsigned integer
  99 typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32;  32-bit unsigned integer
 100 .sp 5p
 101 typedef unsigned int ttag_t;    directory tag
 102 typedef uint16 tdir_t;  directory index
 103 typedef uint16 tsample_t;       sample number
 104 typedef uint32 tstrip_t;        strip number
 105 typedef uint32 ttile_t; tile number
 106 typedef int32 tsize_t;  i/o size in bytes
 107 typedef void* tdata_t;  image data ref
 108 typedef void* thandle_t;        client data handle
 109 typedef int32 toff_t;   file offset
 110 .fi
 111 .sp 5p
 112 .in -.5i
 113 Note that
 114 .IR tstrip_t ,
 115 .IR ttile_t ,
 116 and
 117 .I tsize_t
 118 are constrained to be no more than 32-bit quantities by 32-bit fields they are
 119 stored in in the
 120 .SM TIFF
 121 image.
 122 Likewise
 123 .I tsample_t
 124 is limited by the 16-bit field used to store the
 125 .I SamplesPerPixel
 126 tag.
 127 .I tdir_t
 128 constrains the maximum number of
 129 .SM IFDs
 130 that may appear in an image and may be an arbitrary size (w/o penalty).
 131 .I ttag_t
 132 must be either int, unsigned int, pointer, or double because the library uses
 133 a varargs interface and
 134 .SM "ANSI C"
 135 restricts the type of the parameter before an ellipsis to be a promoted type.
 136 .I toff_t
 137 is defined as int32 because TIFF file offsets are (unsigned) 32-bit
 138 quantities. A signed value is used because some interfaces return \-1 on
 139 error. Finally, note that user-specified data references are passed as opaque
 140 handles and only cast at the lowest layers where their type is presumed.
 141 .SH "LIST OF ROUTINES"
 142 The following routines are part of the library. Consult specific manual pages
 143 for details on their operation; on most systems doing ``man function-name''
 144 will work.
 145 .sp
 146 .nf
 147 .ta \w'TIFFCheckpointDirectory'u+2n
 148 \fIName\fP      \fIDescription\fP
 149 .sp 5p
 150 TIFFCheckpointDirectory writes the current state of the directory
 151 TIFFCheckTile           very x,y,z,sample is within image
 152 TIFFCIELabToRGBInit     initialize CIE L*a*b* 1976 to RGB conversion state
 153 TIFFCIELabToXYZ         perform CIE L*a*b* 1976 to CIE XYZ conversion
 154 TIFFClientOpen          open a file for reading or writing
 155 TIFFClose               close an open file
 156 TIFFComputeStrip        return strip containing y,sample
 157 TIFFComputeTile         return tile containing x,y,z,sample
 158 TIFFCurrentDirectory    return index of current directory
 159 TIFFCurrentRow          return index of current scanline
 160 TIFFCurrentStrip        return index of current strip
 161 TIFFCurrentTile         return index of current tile
 162 TIFFDataWidth           return the size of TIFF data types
 163 TIFFError               library error handler
 164 TIFFFdOpen              open a file for reading or writing
 165 TIFFFieldDataType       get data type from field information
 166 TIFFFieldName           get field name from field information
 167 TIFFFieldPassCount      get whether to pass a value count to Get/SetField
 168 TIFFFieldReadCount      get number of values to be read from field
 169 TIFFFieldTag            get tag value from field information
 170 TIFFFieldWithName       get field information given field name
 171 TIFFFieldWithTag        get field information given tag
 172 TIFFFieldWriteCount     get number of values to be written to field
 173 TIFFFileName            return name of open file
 174 TIFFFileno              return open file descriptor
 175 TIFFFindCODEC           find standard codec for the specific scheme
 176 TIFFFindField           get field information given tag and data type
 177 TIFFFlush               flush all pending writes
 178 TIFFFlushData           flush pending data writes
 179 TIFFGetBitRevTable      return bit reversal table
 180 TIFFGetField            return tag value in current directory
 181 TIFFGetFieldDefaulted   return tag value in current directory
 182 TIFFGetMode             return open file mode
 183 TIFFGetVersion          return library version string
 184 TIFFIsCODECConfigured   check, whether we have working codec
 185 TIFFIsMSB2LSB           return true if image data is being returned
 186                         with bit 0 as the most significant bit
 187 TIFFIsTiled             return true if image data is tiled
 188 TIFFIsByteSwapped       return true if image data is byte-swapped
 189 TIFFNumberOfStrips      return number of strips in an image
 190 TIFFNumberOfTiles       return number of tiles in an image
 191 TIFFOpen                open a file for reading or writing
 192 TIFFPrintDirectory      print description of the current directory
 193 TIFFReadBufferSetup     specify i/o buffer for reading
 194 TIFFReadDirectory       read the next directory
 195 TIFFReadEncodedStrip    read and decode a strip of data
 196 TIFFReadEncodedTile     read and decode a tile of data
 197 TIFFReadRawStrip        read a raw strip of data
 198 TIFFReadRawTile         read a raw tile of data
 199 TIFFReadRGBAImage       read an image into a fixed format raster
 200 TIFFReadScanline        read and decode a row of data
 201 TIFFReadTile            read and decode a tile of data
 202 TIFFRegisterCODEC       override standard codec for the specific scheme
 203 TIFFReverseBits         reverse bits in an array of bytes
 204 TIFFRGBAImageBegin      setup decoder state for TIFFRGBAImageGet
 205 TIFFRGBAImageEnd        release TIFFRGBAImage decoder state
 206 TIFFRGBAImageGet        read and decode an image
 207 TIFFRGBAImageOK         is image readable by TIFFRGBAImageGet
 208 TIFFScanlineSize        return size of a scanline
 209 TIFFSetDirectory        set the current directory
 210 TIFFSetSubDirectory     set the current directory
 211 TIFFSetErrorHandler     set error handler function
 212 TIFFSetField            set a tag's value in the current directory
 213 TIFFSetWarningHandler   set warning handler function
 214 TIFFStripSize           returns size of a strip
 215 TIFFRawStripSize        returns the number of bytes in a raw strip
 216 TIFFSwabShort           swap bytes of short
 217 TIFFSwabLong            swap bytes of long
 218 TIFFSwabArrayOfShort    swap bytes of an array of shorts
 219 TIFFSwabArrayOfLong     swap bytes of an array of longs
 220 TIFFTileRowSize         return size of a row in a tile
 221 TIFFTileSize            return size of a tile
 222 TIFFUnRegisterCODEC     unregisters the codec
 223 TIFFVGetField           return tag value in current directory
 224 TIFFVGetFieldDefaulted  return tag value in current directory
 225 TIFFVSetField           set a tag's value in the current directory
 226 TIFFVStripSize          returns the number of bytes in a strip
 227 TIFFWarning             library warning handler
 228 TIFFWriteDirectory      write the current directory
 229 TIFFWriteEncodedStrip   compress and write a strip of data
 230 TIFFWriteEncodedTile    compress and write a tile of data
 231 TIFFWriteRawStrip       write a raw strip of data
 232 TIFFWriteRawTile        write a raw tile of data
 233 TIFFWriteScanline       write a scanline of data
 234 TIFFWriteTile           compress and write a tile of data
 235 TIFFXYZToRGB            perform CIE XYZ to RGB conversion
 236 TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit      initialize YCbCr to RGB conversion state
 237 TIFFYCbCrtoRGB          perform YCbCr to RGB conversion
 238 .sp
 239 Auxiliary functions:
 240 _TIFFfree               free memory buffer
 241 _TIFFmalloc             dynamically allocate memory buffer
 242 _TIFFmemcmp             compare contents of the memory buffers
 243 _TIFFmemcpy             copy contents of the one buffer to another
 244 _TIFFmemset             fill memory buffer with a constant byte
 245 _TIFFrealloc            dynamically reallocate memory buffer
 246
 247 .fi
 248 .SH "TAG USAGE"
 249 The table below lists the
 250 .SM TIFF
 251 tags that are recognized and handled by the library.
 252 If no use is indicated in the table, then the library
 253 reads and writes the tag, but does not use it internally.
 254 Note that some tags are meaningful only when a particular
 255 compression scheme is being used; e.g.
 256 .I Group3Options
 257 is only useful if
 258 .I Compression
 259 is set to
 260 .SM CCITT
 261 Group 3 encoding.
 262 Tags of this sort are considered
 263 .I codec-specific
 264 tags and the library does not recognize them except when the
 265 .I Compression
 266 tag has been previously set to the relevant compression scheme.
 267 .sp
 268 .nf
 269 .ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Value'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
 270 \fITag Name\fP  \fIValue\fP     \fIR/W\fP       \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
 271 .sp 5p
 272 .nf
 273 Artist  315     R/W
 274 BadFaxLines     326     R/W
 275 BitsPerSample   258     R/W     lots
 276 CellLength      265             parsed but ignored
 277 CellWidth       264             parsed but ignored
 278 CleanFaxData    327     R/W
 279 ColorMap        320     R/W
 280 ColorResponseUnit       300             parsed but ignored
 281 Compression     259     R/W     choosing codec
 282 ConsecutiveBadFaxLines  328     R/W
 283 Copyright       33432   R/W
 284 DataType        32996   R       obsoleted by SampleFormat tag
 285 DateTime        306     R/W
 286 DocumentName    269     R/W
 287 DotRange        336     R/W
 288 ExtraSamples    338     R/W     lots
 289 FaxRecvParams   34908   R/W
 290 FaxSubAddress   34909   R/W
 291 FaxRecvTime     34910   R/W
 292 FillOrder       266     R/W     control bit order
 293 FreeByteCounts  289             parsed but ignored
 294 FreeOffsets     288             parsed but ignored
 295 GrayResponseCurve       291             parsed but ignored
 296 GrayResponseUnit        290             parsed but ignored
 297 Group3Options   292     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 298 Group4Options   293     R/W
 299 HostComputer    316     R/W
 300 ImageDepth      32997   R/W     tile/strip calculations
 301 ImageDescription        270     R/W
 302 ImageLength     257     R/W     lots
 303 ImageWidth      256     R/W     lots
 304 InkNames        333     R/W
 305 InkSet  332     R/W
 306 JPEGTables      347     R/W     used by JPEG codec
 307 Make    271     R/W
 308 Matteing        32995   R       obsoleted by ExtraSamples tag
 309 MaxSampleValue  281     R/W
 310 MinSampleValue  280     R/W
 311 Model   272     R/W
 312 NewSubFileType  254     R/W     called SubFileType in spec
 313 NumberOfInks    334     R/W
 314 Orientation     274     R/W
 315 PageName        285     R/W
 316 PageNumber      297     R/W
 317 PhotometricInterpretation       262     R/W     used by Group 3 and JPEG codecs
 318 PlanarConfiguration     284     R/W     data i/o
 319 Predictor       317     R/W     used by LZW and Deflate codecs
 320 PrimaryChromacities     319     R/W
 321 ReferenceBlackWhite     532     R/W
 322 ResolutionUnit  296     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 323 RowsPerStrip    278     R/W     data i/o
 324 SampleFormat    339     R/W
 325 SamplesPerPixel 277     R/W     lots
 326 SMinSampleValue 340     R/W
 327 SMaxSampleValue 341     R/W
 328 Software        305     R/W
 329 StoNits 37439   R/W
 330 StripByteCounts 279     R/W     data i/o
 331 StripOffsets    273     R/W     data i/o
 332 SubFileType     255     R/W     called OSubFileType in spec
 333 TargetPrinter   337     R/W
 334 Thresholding    263     R/W
 335 TileByteCounts  324     R/W     data i/o
 336 TileDepth       32998   R/W     tile/strip calculations
 337 TileLength      323     R/W     data i/o
 338 TileOffsets     324     R/W     data i/o
 339 TileWidth       322     R/W     data i/o
 340 TransferFunction        301     R/W
 341 WhitePoint      318     R/W
 342 XPosition       286     R/W
 343 XResolution     282     R/W
 344 YCbCrCoefficients       529     R/W     used by TIFFRGBAImage support
 345 YCbCrPositioning        531     R/W     tile/strip size calulcations
 346 YCbCrSubsampling        530     R/W
 347 YPosition       286     R/W
 348 YResolution     283     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 349 .SH "PSEUDO TAGS"
 350 In addition to the normal
 351 .SM TIFF
 352 tags the library supports a collection of
 353 tags whose values lie in a range outside the valid range of
 354 .SM TIFF
 355 tags.
 356 These tags are termed
 357 .I pseud-tags
 358 and are used to control various codec-specific functions within the library.
 359 The table below summarizes the defined pseudo-tags.
 360 .sp
 361 .nf
 362 .ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Codec'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
 363 \fITag Name\fP  \fICodec\fP     \fIR/W\fP       \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
 364 .sp 5p
 365 .nf
 366 TIFFTAG_FAXMODE G3      R/W     general codec operation
 367 TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC     G3/G4   R/W     bitmap fill function
 368 TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY     JPEG    R/W     compression quality control
 369 TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE   JPEG    R/W     control colorspace conversions
 370 TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE  JPEG    R/W     control contents of \fIJPEGTables\fP tag
 371 TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY      Deflate R/W     compression quality level
 372 TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT PixarLog        R/W     user data format
 373 TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY PixarLog        R/W     compression quality level
 374 TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT   SGILog  R/W     user data format
 375 .fi
 376 .TP
 377 .B TIFFTAG_FAXMODE
 378 Control the operation of the Group 3 codec.
 379 Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
 380 or'ing them together) are:
 381 FAXMODE_CLASSIC
 382 (enable old-style format in which the
 383 .SM RTC
 384 is written at the end of the last strip),
 385 FAXMODE_NORTC
 386 (opposite of
 387 FAXMODE_CLASSIC;
 388 also called
 389 FAXMODE_CLASSF),
 390 FAXMODE_NOEOL
 391 (do not write
 392 .SM EOL
 393 codes at the start of each row of data),
 394 FAXMODE_BYTEALIGN
 395 (align each encoded row to an 8-bit boundary),
 396 FAXMODE_WORDALIGN
 397 (align each encoded row to an 16-bit boundary),
 398 The default value is dependent on the compression scheme; this
 399 pseudo-tag is used by the various G3 and G4 codecs to share code.
 400 .TP
 401 .B TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC
 402 Control the function used to convert arrays of black and white
 403 runs to packed bit arrays.
 404 This hook can be used to image decoded scanlines in multi-bit
 405 depth rasters (e.g. for display in colormap mode)
 406 or for other purposes.
 407 The default value is a pointer to a builtin function that images
 408 packed bilevel data.
 409 .TP
 410 .B TIFFTAG_IPTCNEWSPHOTO
 411 Tag contaings image metadata per the IPTC newsphoto spec: Headline,
 412 captioning, credit, etc... Used by most wire services.
 413 .TP
 414 .B TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
 415 Tag contains Photoshop captioning information and metadata. Photoshop
 416 uses in parallel and redundantly alongside IPTCNEWSPHOTO information.
 417 .TP
 418 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY
 419 Control the compression quality level used in the baseline algorithm.
 420 Note that quality levels are in the range 0-100 with a default value of 75.
 421 .TP
 422 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE
 423 Control whether or not conversion is done between
 424 RGB and YCbCr colorspaces.
 425 Possible values are:
 426 JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW
 427 (do not convert), and
 428 JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB
 429 (convert to/from RGB)
 430 The default value is JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW.
 431 .TP
 432 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE
 433 Control the information written in the
 434 .I JPEGTables
 435 tag.
 436 Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
 437 or'ing them together) are:
 438 JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT
 439 (include quantization tables),
 440 and
 441 JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF
 442 (include Huffman encoding tables).
 443 The default value is JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT|JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF.
 444 .TP
 445 .B TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY
 446 Control the compression technique used by the Deflate codec.
 447 Quality levels are in the range 1-9 with larger numbers yielding better
 448 compression at the cost of more computation.
 449 The default quality level is 6 which yields a good time-space tradeoff.
 450 .TP
 451 .B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT
 452 Control the format of user data passed
 453 .I in
 454 to the PixarLog codec when encoding and passed
 455 .I out
 456 from when decoding.
 457 Possible values are:
 458 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BIT
 459 for 8-bit unsigned pixels,
 460 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BITABGR
 461 for 8-bit unsigned ABGR-ordered pixels,
 462 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_11BITLOG
 463 for 11-bit log-encoded raw data,
 464 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_12BITPICIO
 465 for 12-bit PICIO-compatible data,
 466 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_16BIT
 467 for 16-bit signed samples,
 468 and
 469 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_FLOAT
 470 for 32-bit IEEE floating point samples.
 471 .TP
 472 .B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY
 473 Control the compression technique used by the PixarLog codec.
 474 This value is treated identically to TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY; see the
 475 above description.
 476 .TP
 477 .B TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT
 478 Control the format of client data passed
 479 .I in
 480 to the SGILog codec when encoding and passed
 481 .I out
 482 from when decoding.
 483 Possible values are:
 484 SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTXYZ
 485 for converting between LogLuv and 32-bit IEEE floating valued XYZ pixels,
 486 SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITLUV
 487 for 16-bit encoded Luv pixels,
 488 SGILOGDATAFMT_32BITRAW and SGILOGDATAFMT_24BITRAW
 489 for no conversion of data,
 490 SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITRGB
 491 for returning 8-bit RGB data (valid only when decoding LogLuv-encoded data),
 492 SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTY
 493 for converting between LogL and 32-bit IEEE floating valued Y pixels,
 494 SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITL
 495 for 16-bit encoded L pixels,
 496 and
 497 SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITGRY
 498 for returning 8-bit greyscale data
 499 (valid only when decoding LogL-encoded data).
 500 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
 501 All error messages are directed through the
 502 .IR TIFFError
 503 routine.
 504 By default messages are directed to
 505 .B stderr
 506 in the form:
 507 .IR "module: message\en."
 508 Warning messages are likewise directed through the
 509 .IR TIFFWarning
 510 routine.
 511 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 512 .BR fax2tiff (1),
 513 .BR gif2tiff (1),
 514 .BR pal2rgb (1),
 515 .BR ppm2tiff (1),
 516 .BR rgb2ycbcr (1),
 517 .BR ras2tiff (1),
 518 .BR raw2tiff (1),
 519 .BR sgi2tiff (1),
 520 .BR tiff2bw (1),
 521 .BR tiffdither (1),
 522 .BR tiffdump (1),
 523 .BR tiffcp (1),
 524 .BR tiffcmp (1),
 525 .BR tiffgt (1),
 526 .BR tiffinfo (1),
 527 .BR tiffmedian (1),
 528 .BR tiffsplit (1),
 529 .BR tiffsv (1).
 530 .PP
 531 .BR "Tag Image File Format Specification \(em Revision 6.0" ,
 532 an Aldus Technical Memorandum.
 533 .PP
 534 .BR "The Spirit of TIFF Class F" ,
 535 an appendix to the TIFF 5.0 specification prepared by Cygnet Technologies.
 536 .PP
 537 Libtiff library home page:
 538 .BR http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/
 539 .SH BUGS
 540 The library does not support multi-sample images
 541 where some samples have different bits/sample.
 542 .PP
 543 The library does not support random access to compressed data
 544 that is organized with more than one row per tile or strip.