samples/scroll/scroll.cpp

   1 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   2 // Name:        scroll.cpp
   3 // Purpose:     wxScrolledWindow sample
   4 // Author:      Robert Roebling
   5 // Modified by:
   6 // Created:
   7 // RCS-ID:      $Id$
   8 // Copyright:   (C) 1998 Robert Roebling, 2002 Ron Lee, 2003 Matt Gregory
   9 // Licence:     wxWindows license
  10 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  11
  12 // For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx/wx.h".
  13 #include "wx/wxprec.h"
  14
  15 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
  16 #pragma hdrstop
  17 #endif
  18
  19 #ifndef WX_PRECOMP
  20 #include "wx/wx.h"
  21 #endif
  22
  23 #include "wx/image.h"
  24 #include "wx/listctrl.h"
  25 #include "wx/sizer.h"
  26 #include "wx/log.h"
  27
  28
  29 // derived classes
  30
  31 class MyFrame;
  32 class MyApp;
  33
  34 // MyCanvas
  35
  36 class MyCanvas: public wxScrolledWindow
  37 {
  38 public:
  39     MyCanvas() {}
  40     MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size );
  41     ~MyCanvas(){};
  42     void OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &event );
  43     void OnQueryPosition( wxCommandEvent &event );
  44     void OnAddButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
  45     void OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
  46     void OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
  47     void OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &event );
  48     void OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event );
  49
  50     wxButton *m_button;
  51
  52     DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas)
  53     DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
  54 };
  55
  56
  57 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  58 // Autoscrolling example.
  59 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  60
  61 // this class uses the 'virtual' size attribute along with an internal
  62 // sizer to automatically set up scrollbars as needed
  63
  64 class MyAutoScrollWindow : public wxScrolledWindow
  65 {
  66 private:
  67
  68     wxButton    *m_button;
  69
  70 public:
  71
  72     MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent );
  73
  74     void OnResizeClick( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED( event ) );
  75
  76     DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
  77 };
  78
  79
  80 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  81 // MyScrolledWindow classes: examples of wxScrolledWindow usage
  82 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  83
  84 // base class for both of them
  85 class MyScrolledWindowBase : public wxScrolledWindow
  86 {
  87 public:
  88     MyScrolledWindowBase(wxWindow *parent)
  89         : wxScrolledWindow(parent)
  90         , m_nLines( 100 )
  91     {
  92         wxClientDC dc(this);
  93         dc.GetTextExtent(_T("Line 17"), NULL, &m_hLine);
  94     }
  95
  96 protected:
  97     // the height of one line on screen
  98     wxCoord m_hLine;
  99
 100     // the number of lines we draw
 101     size_t m_nLines;
 102 };
 103
 104 // this class does "stupid" redrawing - it redraws everything each time
 105 // and sets the scrollbar extent directly.
 106
 107 class MyScrolledWindowDumb : public MyScrolledWindowBase
 108 {
 109 public:
 110     MyScrolledWindowDumb(wxWindow *parent) : MyScrolledWindowBase(parent)
 111     {
 112         // no horz scrolling
 113         SetScrollbars(0, m_hLine, 0, m_nLines + 1, 0, 0, true /* no refresh */);
 114     }
 115
 116     virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
 117 };
 118
 119 // this class does "smart" redrawing - only redraws the lines which must be
 120 // redrawn and sets the scroll rate and virtual size to affect the
 121 // scrollbars.
 122 //
 123 // Note that this class should produce identical results to the one above.
 124
 125 class MyScrolledWindowSmart : public MyScrolledWindowBase
 126 {
 127 public:
 128     MyScrolledWindowSmart(wxWindow *parent) : MyScrolledWindowBase(parent)
 129     {
 130         // no horz scrolling
 131         SetScrollRate( 0, m_hLine );
 132         SetVirtualSize( wxDefaultCoord, ( m_nLines + 1 ) * m_hLine );
 133     }
 134
 135     virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
 136 };
 137
 138 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 139 // MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow: implements a text viewer with simple blocksize
 140 //                             selection to test auto-scrolling functionality
 141 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 142
 143 class MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow : public wxScrolledWindow
 144 {
 145 protected:  // member data
 146     // test data variables
 147     static const wxChar* sm_testData;
 148     static const int sm_lineCnt; // line count
 149     static const int sm_lineLen; // line length in characters
 150     // sizes for graphical data
 151     wxCoord m_fontH, m_fontW;
 152     // selection tracking
 153     wxPoint m_selStart; // beginning of blockwise selection
 154     wxPoint m_cursor;   // end of blockwise selection (mouse position)
 155
 156 protected:  // gui stuff
 157     wxFont m_font;
 158
 159 public: // interface
 160     MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( wxWindow* parent );
 161     wxRect DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const;
 162     wxPoint DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const;
 163     wxPoint GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(wxPoint pos) const;
 164     wxRect LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const;
 165     wxPoint LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const;
 166     wxPoint GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint pos) const;
 167     void MyRefresh();
 168     bool IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const;
 169     static bool IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2);
 170     static wxRect DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y, wxCoord w, wxCoord h);
 171
 172 protected: // event stuff
 173     DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
 174     void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
 175     void OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event);
 176     void OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
 177     void OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event);
 178     void OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event);
 179 };
 180
 181 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 182 // MyFrame
 183 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 184
 185 class MyFrame: public wxFrame
 186 {
 187 public:
 188     MyFrame();
 189
 190     void OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &event );
 191     void OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &event );
 192     void OnDeleteAll( wxCommandEvent &event );
 193     void OnInsertNew( wxCommandEvent &event );
 194
 195     MyCanvas         *m_canvas;
 196     wxTextCtrl       *m_log;
 197
 198     DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyFrame)
 199     DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
 200 };
 201
 202 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 203 // MyApp
 204 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 205
 206 class MyApp: public wxApp
 207 {
 208 public:
 209     virtual bool OnInit();
 210 };
 211
 212
 213 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 214 // main program
 215 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 216
 217 IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
 218
 219 // ids
 220
 221 const long   ID_ADDBUTTON   = wxNewId();
 222 const long   ID_DELBUTTON   = wxNewId();
 223 const long   ID_MOVEBUTTON  = wxNewId();
 224 const long   ID_SCROLLWIN   = wxNewId();
 225 const long   ID_QUERYPOS    = wxNewId();
 226
 227 const long   ID_NEWBUTTON   = wxNewId();
 228
 229 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 230 // MyCanvas
 231 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 232
 233 IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
 234
 235 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
 236   EVT_PAINT(                  MyCanvas::OnPaint)
 237   EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS(           MyCanvas::OnMouseDown)
 238   EVT_BUTTON( ID_QUERYPOS,    MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition)
 239   EVT_BUTTON( ID_ADDBUTTON,   MyCanvas::OnAddButton)
 240   EVT_BUTTON( ID_DELBUTTON,   MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton)
 241   EVT_BUTTON( ID_MOVEBUTTON,  MyCanvas::OnMoveButton)
 242   EVT_BUTTON( ID_SCROLLWIN,   MyCanvas::OnScrollWin)
 243 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 244
 245 MyCanvas::MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
 246                     const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size )
 247     : wxScrolledWindow( parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL, _T("test canvas") )
 248 {
 249     SetScrollRate( 10, 10 );
 250     SetVirtualSize( 500, 1000 );
 251
 252     (void) new wxButton( this, ID_ADDBUTTON,  _T("add button"), wxPoint(10,10) );
 253     (void) new wxButton( this, ID_DELBUTTON,  _T("del button"), wxPoint(10,40) );
 254     (void) new wxButton( this, ID_MOVEBUTTON, _T("move button"), wxPoint(150,10) );
 255     (void) new wxButton( this, ID_SCROLLWIN,  _T("scroll win"), wxPoint(250,10) );
 256
 257 #if 0
 258
 259     wxString choices[] =
 260     {
 261         "This",
 262         "is one of my",
 263         "really",
 264         "wonderful",
 265         "examples."
 266     };
 267
 268     m_button = new wxButton( this, ID_QUERYPOS, "Query position", wxPoint(10,110) );
 269
 270     (void) new wxTextCtrl( this, wxID_ANY, "wxTextCtrl", wxPoint(10,150), wxSize(80,wxDefaultCoord) );
 271
 272     (void) new wxRadioButton( this, wxID_ANY, "Disable", wxPoint(10,190) );
 273
 274     (void) new wxComboBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,230), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices );
 275
 276     (void) new wxRadioBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,310), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_COLS );
 277
 278     (void) new wxRadioBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,440), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_ROWS );
 279
 280     wxListCtrl *m_listCtrl = new wxListCtrl(
 281             this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(200, 110), wxSize(180, 120),
 282             wxLC_REPORT | wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxLC_SINGLE_SEL );
 283
 284     m_listCtrl->InsertColumn(0, "First", wxLIST_FORMAT_LEFT, 90);
 285     m_listCtrl->InsertColumn(1, "Last", wxLIST_FORMAT_LEFT, 90);
 286
 287     for ( int i=0; i < 30; i++)
 288     {
 289         char buf[20];
 290         sprintf(buf, "Item %d", i);
 291         m_listCtrl->InsertItem(i, buf);
 292     }
 293     m_listCtrl->SetItemState( 3, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED );
 294
 295     (void) new wxListBox( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(260,280), wxSize(120,120), 5, choices, wxLB_ALWAYS_SB );
 296
 297 #endif
 298
 299     wxPanel *test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(10, 110), wxSize(130,50), wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
 300     test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") );
 301
 302 #if 0
 303
 304     wxButton *test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) );
 305
 306     test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(160, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
 307     test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") );
 308     test->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_NO_ENTRY ) );
 309     test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) );
 310     test2->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_PENCIL ) );
 311
 312     test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(310, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxRAISED_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL );
 313     test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") );
 314     test->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_PENCIL ) );
 315     test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) );
 316     test2->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_NO_ENTRY ) );
 317
 318 #endif
 319
 320     SetBackgroundColour( wxT("BLUE") );
 321
 322     SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_IBEAM ) );
 323 }
 324
 325 void MyCanvas::OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event )
 326 {
 327     if (event.LeftDown())
 328     {
 329         wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
 330         int x,y;
 331         CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
 332         wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y, x, y );
 333
 334         if ( !event.LeftIsDown() )
 335             wxLogMessage( wxT("Error: LeftIsDown() should be true if for LeftDown()") );
 336     }
 337 }
 338
 339 void MyCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 340 {
 341     wxPaintDC dc( this );
 342     PrepareDC( dc );
 343
 344     dc.DrawText( _T("Press mouse button to test calculations!"), 160, 50 );
 345
 346     dc.DrawText( _T("Some text"), 140, 140 );
 347
 348     dc.DrawRectangle( 100, 160, 200, 200 );
 349 }
 350
 351 void MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 352 {
 353     wxPoint pt( m_button->GetPosition() );
 354     wxLogMessage( wxT("Position of \"Query position\" is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
 355     pt = ClientToScreen( pt );
 356     wxLogMessage( wxT("Position of \"Query position\" on screen is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
 357 }
 358
 359 void MyCanvas::OnAddButton( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 360 {
 361     wxLogMessage( wxT("Inserting button at position 10,70...") );
 362     wxButton *button = new wxButton( this, ID_NEWBUTTON, wxT("new button"), wxPoint(10,70), wxSize(80,25) );
 363     wxPoint pt( button->GetPosition() );
 364     wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position after inserting %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
 365 }
 366
 367 void MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 368 {
 369     wxLogMessage( wxT("Deleting button inserted with \"Add button\"...") );
 370     wxWindow *win = FindWindow( ID_NEWBUTTON );
 371     if (win)
 372        win->Destroy();
 373     else
 374        wxLogMessage( wxT("-> No window with id = ID_NEWBUTTON found.") );
 375 }
 376
 377 void MyCanvas::OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event )
 378 {
 379     wxLogMessage( wxT("Moving button 10 pixels downward..") );
 380     wxWindow *win = FindWindow( event.GetId() );
 381     wxPoint pt( win->GetPosition() );
 382     wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position before move is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
 383     win->Move( wxDefaultCoord, pt.y + 10 );
 384     pt = win->GetPosition();
 385     wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position after move is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y );
 386 }
 387
 388 void MyCanvas::OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 389 {
 390     wxLogMessage( wxT("Scrolling 2 units up.\nThe white square and the controls should move equally!") );
 391     int x,y;
 392     GetViewStart( &x, &y );
 393     Scroll( wxDefaultCoord, y+2 );
 394 }
 395
 396 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 397 // MyAutoScrollWindow
 398 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 399
 400 const long   ID_RESIZEBUTTON = wxNewId();
 401 const wxSize SMALL_BUTTON( 100, 50 );
 402 const wxSize LARGE_BUTTON( 300, 100 );
 403
 404 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE( MyAutoScrollWindow, wxScrolledWindow)
 405   EVT_BUTTON( ID_RESIZEBUTTON,    MyAutoScrollWindow::OnResizeClick)
 406 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 407
 408 MyAutoScrollWindow::MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent )
 409     : wxScrolledWindow( parent )
 410 {
 411     SetBackgroundColour( wxT("GREEN") );
 412
 413     // Set the rate we'd like for scrolling.
 414
 415     SetScrollRate( 5, 5 );
 416
 417     // Populate a sizer with a 'resizing' button and some
 418     // other static decoration
 419
 420     wxFlexGridSizer  *innersizer = new wxFlexGridSizer( 2, 2 );
 421
 422     m_button = new wxButton( this,
 423                              ID_RESIZEBUTTON,
 424                              _T("Press me"),
 425                              wxDefaultPosition,
 426                              SMALL_BUTTON );
 427
 428     // We need to do this here, because wxADJUST_MINSIZE below
 429     // will cause the initial size to be ignored for Best/Min size.
 430     // It would be nice to fix the sizers to handle this a little
 431     // more cleanly.
 432
 433     m_button->SetSizeHints( SMALL_BUTTON.GetWidth(), SMALL_BUTTON.GetHeight() );
 434
 435     innersizer->Add( m_button,
 436                      0,
 437                      wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL | wxADJUST_MINSIZE,
 438                      20 );
 439
 440     innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("This is just") ),
 441                     0,
 442                     wxALIGN_CENTER );
 443
 444     innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("some decoration") ),
 445                     0,
 446                     wxALIGN_CENTER );
 447
 448     innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("for you to scroll...") ),
 449                     0,
 450                     wxALIGN_CENTER );
 451
 452     // Then use the sizer to set the scrolled region size.
 453
 454     SetSizer( innersizer );
 455 }
 456
 457 void MyAutoScrollWindow::OnResizeClick( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED( event ) )
 458 {
 459     // Arbitrarily resize the button to change the minimum size of
 460     // the (scrolled) sizer.
 461
 462     if( m_button->GetSize() == SMALL_BUTTON )
 463         m_button->SetSizeHints( LARGE_BUTTON.GetWidth(), LARGE_BUTTON.GetHeight() );
 464     else
 465         m_button->SetSizeHints( SMALL_BUTTON.GetWidth(), SMALL_BUTTON.GetHeight() );
 466
 467     // Force update layout and scrollbars, since nothing we do here
 468     // necessarily generates a size event which would do it for us.
 469
 470     FitInside();
 471 }
 472
 473 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 474 // MyFrame
 475 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 476
 477 const long ID_QUIT       = wxNewId();
 478 const long ID_ABOUT      = wxNewId();
 479 const long ID_DELETE_ALL = wxNewId();
 480 const long ID_INSERT_NEW = wxNewId();
 481
 482 IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MyFrame, wxFrame )
 483
 484 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame,wxFrame)
 485   EVT_MENU    (ID_DELETE_ALL, MyFrame::OnDeleteAll)
 486   EVT_MENU    (ID_INSERT_NEW,  MyFrame::OnInsertNew)
 487   EVT_MENU    (ID_ABOUT, MyFrame::OnAbout)
 488   EVT_MENU    (ID_QUIT,  MyFrame::OnQuit)
 489 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 490
 491 MyFrame::MyFrame()
 492        : wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, wxID_ANY, _T("wxScrolledWindow sample"),
 493                   wxPoint(20,20), wxSize(800,500) )
 494 {
 495     wxMenu *file_menu = new wxMenu();
 496     file_menu->Append( ID_DELETE_ALL, _T("Delete all"));
 497     file_menu->Append( ID_INSERT_NEW, _T("Insert new"));
 498     file_menu->Append( ID_ABOUT,      _T("&About.."));
 499     file_menu->Append( ID_QUIT,       _T("E&xit\tAlt-X"));
 500
 501     wxMenuBar *menu_bar = new wxMenuBar();
 502     menu_bar->Append(file_menu, _T("&File"));
 503
 504     SetMenuBar( menu_bar );
 505
 506 #if wxUSE_STATUSBAR
 507     CreateStatusBar(2);
 508     int widths[] = { -1, 100 };
 509     SetStatusWidths( 2, widths );
 510 #endif // wxUSE_STATUSBAR
 511
 512      wxBoxSizer *topsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxHORIZONTAL );
 513      // subsizer splits topsizer down the middle
 514      wxBoxSizer *subsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxVERTICAL );
 515
 516     // Setting an explicit size here is superfluous, it will be overridden
 517     // by the sizer in any case.
 518     m_canvas = new MyCanvas( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100) );
 519
 520     // This is done with ScrollRate/VirtualSize in MyCanvas ctor now,
 521     // both should produce identical results.
 522     //m_canvas->SetScrollbars( 10, 10, 50, 100 );
 523
 524     subsizer->Add( m_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND );
 525     subsizer->Add( new MyAutoScrollWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
 526
 527     wxSizer *sizerBtm = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
 528     sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowDumb(this), 1, wxEXPAND );
 529     sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowSmart(this), 1, wxEXPAND );
 530     subsizer->Add( sizerBtm, 1, wxEXPAND );
 531
 532     topsizer->Add( subsizer, 1, wxEXPAND );
 533     topsizer->Add( new MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
 534
 535     SetSizer( topsizer );
 536 }
 537
 538 void MyFrame::OnDeleteAll( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 539 {
 540     m_canvas->DestroyChildren();
 541 }
 542
 543 void MyFrame::OnInsertNew( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 544 {
 545     (void)new wxButton( m_canvas, wxID_ANY, _T("Hello"), wxPoint(100,100) );
 546 }
 547
 548 void MyFrame::OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 549 {
 550   Close( true );
 551 }
 552
 553 void MyFrame::OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
 554 {
 555    (void)wxMessageBox( _T("wxScroll demo\n")
 556                        _T("Robert Roebling (c) 1998\n")
 557                        _T("Autoscrolling examples\n")
 558                        _T("Ron Lee (c) 2002\n")
 559                        _T("Auto-timed-scrolling example\n")
 560                        _T("Matt Gregory (c) 2003\n"),
 561                        _T("About wxScroll Demo"),
 562                        wxICON_INFORMATION | wxOK );
 563 }
 564
 565 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 566 // MyApp
 567 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 568
 569 bool MyApp::OnInit()
 570 {
 571   wxFrame *frame = new MyFrame();
 572   frame->Show( true );
 573
 574   return true;
 575 }
 576
 577 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 578 // MyScrolledWindowXXX
 579 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 580
 581 void MyScrolledWindowDumb::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
 582 {
 583     // this is useful to see which lines are redrawn
 584     static size_t s_redrawCount = 0;
 585     dc.SetTextForeground(s_redrawCount++ % 2 ? *wxRED : *wxBLUE);
 586
 587     wxCoord y = 0;
 588     for ( size_t line = 0; line < m_nLines; line++ )
 589     {
 590         wxCoord yPhys;
 591         CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys);
 592
 593         dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"),
 594                                      line, y, yPhys), 0, y);
 595         y += m_hLine;
 596     }
 597 }
 598
 599 void MyScrolledWindowSmart::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
 600 {
 601     // this is useful to see which lines are redrawn
 602     static size_t s_redrawCount = 0;
 603     dc.SetTextForeground(s_redrawCount++ % 2 ? *wxRED : *wxBLUE);
 604
 605     // update region is always in device coords, translate to logical ones
 606     wxRect rectUpdate = GetUpdateRegion().GetBox();
 607     CalcUnscrolledPosition(rectUpdate.x, rectUpdate.y,
 608                            &rectUpdate.x, &rectUpdate.y);
 609
 610     size_t lineFrom = rectUpdate.y / m_hLine,
 611            lineTo = rectUpdate.GetBottom() / m_hLine;
 612
 613     if ( lineTo > m_nLines - 1)
 614         lineTo = m_nLines - 1;
 615
 616     wxCoord y = lineFrom*m_hLine;
 617     for ( size_t line = lineFrom; line <= lineTo; line++ )
 618     {
 619         wxCoord yPhys;
 620         CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys);
 621
 622         dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"),
 623                                      line, y, yPhys), 0, y);
 624         y += m_hLine;
 625     }
 626 }
 627
 628 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 629 // MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow
 630 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 631
 632 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow, wxScrolledWindow)
 633     EVT_LEFT_DOWN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown)
 634     EVT_LEFT_UP(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp)
 635     EVT_MOTION(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove)
 636     EVT_SCROLLWIN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll)
 637 END_EVENT_TABLE()
 638
 639 MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow(wxWindow* parent)
 640     : wxScrolledWindow(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize
 641             //, wxSUNKEN_BORDER) // can't seem to do it this way
 642             , wxVSCROLL | wxHSCROLL | wxSUNKEN_BORDER)
 643     , m_selStart(-1, -1), m_cursor(-1, -1)
 644     , m_font(9, wxFONTFAMILY_TELETYPE, wxFONTSTYLE_NORMAL
 645             , wxFONTWEIGHT_NORMAL)
 646 {
 647     wxClientDC dc(this);
 648     // query dc for text size
 649     dc.SetFont(m_font);
 650     dc.GetTextExtent(wxString(_T("A")), &m_fontW, &m_fontH);
 651     // set up the virtual window
 652     SetScrollbars(m_fontW, m_fontH, sm_lineLen, sm_lineCnt);
 653 }
 654
 655 wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars
 656         (wxRect updRect) const
 657 {
 658     wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition());
 659     pos = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos);
 660     updRect.x = pos.x;
 661     updRect.y = pos.y;
 662     updRect.width /= m_fontW;
 663     updRect.height /= m_fontH;
 664     // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner,
 665     //   so an off-by-one correction is needed
 666     ++updRect.width; // kludge
 667     ++updRect.height; // kludge
 668     return updRect;
 669 }
 670
 671 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars
 672         (wxPoint pos) const
 673 {
 674     pos.x /= m_fontW;
 675     pos.y /= m_fontH;
 676     int vX, vY;
 677     GetViewStart(&vX, &vY);
 678     pos.x += vX;
 679     pos.y += vY;
 680     return pos;
 681 }
 682
 683 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords
 684         (wxPoint pos) const
 685 {
 686     int vX, vY;
 687     GetViewStart(&vX, &vY);
 688     pos.x -= vX;
 689     pos.y -= vY;
 690     pos.x *= m_fontW;
 691     pos.y *= m_fontH;
 692     return pos;
 693 }
 694
 695 wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars
 696         (wxRect updRect) const
 697 {
 698     wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition());
 699     pos = LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos);
 700     updRect.x = pos.x;
 701     updRect.y = pos.y;
 702     updRect.width /= m_fontW;
 703     updRect.height /= m_fontH;
 704     // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner,
 705     //   so an off-by-one correction is needed
 706     ++updRect.width; // kludge
 707     ++updRect.height; // kludge
 708     return updRect;
 709 }
 710
 711 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars
 712         (wxPoint pos) const
 713 {
 714     pos.x /= m_fontW;
 715     pos.y /= m_fontH;
 716     return pos;
 717 }
 718
 719 wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords
 720         (wxPoint pos) const
 721 {
 722     pos.x *= m_fontW;
 723     pos.y *= m_fontH;
 724     return pos;
 725 }
 726
 727 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyRefresh()
 728 {
 729     static wxPoint lastSelStart(-1, -1), lastCursor(-1, -1);
 730     // refresh last selected area (to deselect previously selected text)
 731     wxRect lastUpdRect(
 732             GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastSelStart),
 733             GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastCursor)
 734         );
 735     // off-by-one corrections, necessary because it's not possible to know
 736     //   when to round up until rect is normalized by lastUpdRect constructor
 737     lastUpdRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge
 738     lastUpdRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge
 739     // refresh currently selected (to select previously unselected text)
 740     wxRect updRect(
 741             GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_selStart),
 742             GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_cursor)
 743         );
 744     // off-by-one corrections
 745     updRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge
 746     updRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge
 747     // find necessary refresh areas
 748     wxCoord rx = lastUpdRect.x;
 749     wxCoord ry = lastUpdRect.y;
 750     wxCoord rw = updRect.x - lastUpdRect.x;
 751     wxCoord rh = lastUpdRect.height;
 752     if (rw && rh) {
 753         RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
 754     }
 755     rx = updRect.x;
 756     ry = updRect.y + updRect.height;
 757     rw= updRect.width;
 758     rh = (lastUpdRect.y + lastUpdRect.height) - (updRect.y + updRect.height);
 759     if (rw && rh) {
 760         RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
 761     }
 762     rx = updRect.x + updRect.width;
 763     ry = lastUpdRect.y;
 764     rw = (lastUpdRect.x + lastUpdRect.width) - (updRect.x + updRect.width);
 765     rh = lastUpdRect.height;
 766     if (rw && rh) {
 767         RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
 768     }
 769     rx = updRect.x;
 770     ry = lastUpdRect.y;
 771     rw = updRect.width;
 772     rh = updRect.y - lastUpdRect.y;
 773     if (rw && rh) {
 774         RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
 775     }
 776     // update last
 777     lastSelStart = m_selStart;
 778     lastCursor = m_cursor;
 779 }
 780
 781 bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const
 782 {
 783     if (IsInside(chX, m_selStart.x, m_cursor.x)
 784             && IsInside(chY, m_selStart.y, m_cursor.y)) {
 785         return true;
 786     }
 787     return false;
 788 }
 789
 790 bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2)
 791 {
 792     if ((k >= bound1 && k <= bound2) || (k >= bound2 && k <= bound1)) {
 793         return true;
 794     }
 795     return false;
 796 }
 797
 798 wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y
 799         , wxCoord w, wxCoord h)
 800 {
 801     // this is needed to get rid of the graphical remnants from the selection
 802     // I think it's because DrawRectangle() excludes a pixel in either direction
 803     const int kludge = 1;
 804     // make (x, y) the top-left corner
 805     if (w < 0) {
 806         w = -w + kludge;
 807         x -= w;
 808     } else {
 809         x -= kludge;
 810         w += kludge;
 811     }
 812     if (h < 0) {
 813         h = -h + kludge;
 814         y -= h;
 815     } else {
 816         y -= kludge;
 817         h += kludge;
 818     }
 819     return wxRect(x, y, w, h);
 820 }
 821
 822 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
 823 {
 824     dc.SetFont(m_font);
 825     wxBrush normBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOW)
 826             , wxSOLID);
 827     wxBrush selBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT)
 828             , wxSOLID);
 829     dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
 830     wxString str = sm_testData;
 831
 832     // draw the characters
 833     // 1. for each update region
 834     for (wxRegionIterator upd(GetUpdateRegion()); upd; ++upd) {
 835         wxRect updRect = upd.GetRect();
 836         wxRect updRectInGChars(DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(updRect));
 837         // 2. for each row of chars in the update region
 838         for (int chY = updRectInGChars.y
 839                 ; chY <= updRectInGChars.y + updRectInGChars.height; ++chY) {
 840             // 3. for each character in the row
 841             for (int chX = updRectInGChars.x
 842                     ; chX <= updRectInGChars.x + updRectInGChars.width
 843                     ; ++chX) {
 844                 // 4. set up dc
 845                 if (IsSelected(chX, chY)) {
 846                     dc.SetBrush(selBrush);
 847                     dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour
 848                             (wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHTTEXT));
 849                 } else {
 850                     dc.SetBrush(normBrush);
 851                     dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour
 852                             (wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOWTEXT));
 853                 }
 854                 // 5. find position info
 855                 wxPoint charPos = GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint
 856                         (chX, chY));
 857                 // 6. draw!
 858                 dc.DrawRectangle(charPos.x, charPos.y, m_fontW, m_fontH);
 859                 size_t charIndex = chY * sm_lineLen + chX;
 860                 if (chY < sm_lineCnt &&
 861                     chX < sm_lineLen &&
 862                     charIndex < str.Length())
 863                 {
 864                     dc.DrawText(str.Mid(charIndex,1),
 865                                 charPos.x, charPos.y);
 866                 }
 867             }
 868         }
 869     }
 870 }
 871
 872 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event)
 873 {
 874     // initial press of mouse button sets the beginning of the selection
 875     m_selStart = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition());
 876     // set the cursor to the same position
 877     m_cursor = m_selStart;
 878     // draw/erase selection
 879     MyRefresh();
 880 }
 881
 882 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
 883 {
 884     // this test is necessary
 885     if (HasCapture()) {
 886         // uncapture mouse
 887         ReleaseMouse();
 888     }
 889 }
 890
 891 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event)
 892 {
 893     // if user is dragging
 894     if (event.Dragging() && event.LeftIsDown()) {
 895         // set the new cursor position
 896         m_cursor = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition());
 897         // draw/erase selection
 898         MyRefresh();
 899         // capture mouse to activate auto-scrolling
 900         if (!HasCapture()) {
 901             CaptureMouse();
 902         }
 903     }
 904 }
 905
 906 void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event)
 907 {
 908     // need to move the cursor when autoscrolling
 909     // FIXME: the cursor also moves when the scrollbar arrows are clicked
 910     if (HasCapture()) {
 911         if (event.GetOrientation() == wxHORIZONTAL) {
 912             if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
 913                 --m_cursor.x;
 914             } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
 915                 ++m_cursor.x;
 916             }
 917         } else if (event.GetOrientation() == wxVERTICAL) {
 918             if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
 919                 --m_cursor.y;
 920             } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
 921                 ++m_cursor.y;
 922             }
 923         }
 924     }
 925     MyRefresh();
 926     event.Skip();
 927 }
 928
 929 const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineCnt = 125;
 930 const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineLen = 79;
 931 const wxChar* MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_testData =
 932 _T("162 Cult of the genius out of vanity.\97 Because we think well of ourselves, but ")
 933 _T("nonetheless never suppose ourselves capable of producing a painting like one of ")
 934 _T("Raphael's or a dramatic scene like one of Shakespeare's, we convince ourselves ")
 935 _T("that the capacity to do so is quite extraordinarily marvelous, a wholly ")
 936 _T("uncommon accident, or, if we are still religiously inclined, a mercy from on ")
 937 _T("high. Thus our vanity, our self-love, promotes the cult of the genius: for only ")
 938 _T("if we think of him as being very remote from us, as a miraculum, does he not ")
 939 _T("aggrieve us (even Goethe, who was without envy, called Shakespeare his star of ")
 940 _T("the most distant heights [\"William! Stern der schönsten Ferne\": from Goethe's, ")
 941 _T("\"Between Two Worlds\"]; in regard to which one might recall the lines: \"the ")
 942 _T("stars, these we do not desire\" [from Goethe's, \"Comfort in Tears\"]). But, aside ")
 943 _T("from these suggestions of our vanity, the activity of the genius seems in no ")
 944 _T("way fundamentally different from the activity of the inventor of machines, the ")
 945 _T("scholar of astronomy or history, the master of tactics. All these activities ")
 946 _T("are explicable if one pictures to oneself people whose thinking is active in ")
 947 _T("one direction, who employ everything as material, who always zealously observe ")
 948 _T("their own inner life and that of others, who perceive everywhere models and ")
 949 _T("incentives, who never tire of combining together the means available to them. ")
 950 _T("Genius too does nothing except learn first how to lay bricks then how to build, ")
 951 _T("except continually seek for material and continually form itself around it. ")
 952 _T("Every activity of man is amazingly complicated, not only that of the genius: ")
 953 _T("but none is a \"miracle.\"\97 Whence, then, the belief that genius exists only in ")
 954 _T("the artist, orator and philosopher? that only they have \"intuition\"? (Whereby ")
 955 _T("they are supposed to possess a kind of miraculous eyeglass with which they can ")
 956 _T("see directly into \"the essence of the thing\"!) It is clear that people speak of ")
 957 _T("genius only where the effects of the great intellect are most pleasant to them ")
 958 _T("and where they have no desire to feel envious. To call someone \"divine\" means: ")
 959 _T("\"here there is no need for us to compete.\" Then, everything finished and ")
 960 _T("complete is regarded with admiration, everything still becoming is undervalued. ")
 961 _T("But no one can see in the work of the artist how it has become; that is its ")
 962 _T("advantage, for wherever one can see the act of becoming one grows somewhat ")
 963 _T("cool. The finished and perfect art of representation repulses all thinking as ")
 964 _T("to how it has become; it tyrannizes as present completeness and perfection. ")
 965 _T("That is why the masters of the art of representation count above all as gifted ")
 966 _T("with genius and why men of science do not. In reality, this evaluation of the ")
 967 _T("former and undervaluation of the latter is only a piece of childishness in the ")
 968 _T("realm of reason. ")
 969 _T("\n\n")
 970 _T("163 The serious workman.\97 Do not talk about giftedness, inborn talents! One can ")
 971 _T("name great men of all kinds who were very little gifted. The acquired ")
 972 _T("greatness, became \"geniuses\" (as we put it), through qualities the lack of ")
 973 _T("which no one who knew what they were would boast of: they all possessed that ")
 974 _T("seriousness of the efficient workman which first learns to construct the parts ")
 975 _T("properly before it ventures to fashion a great whole; they allowed themselves ")
 976 _T("time for it, because they took more pleasure in making the little, secondary ")
 977 _T("things well than in the effect of a dazzling whole. the recipe for becoming a ")
 978 _T("good novelist, for example, is easy to give, but to carry it out presupposes ")
 979 _T("qualities one is accustomed to overlook when one says \"I do not have enough ")
 980 _T("talent.\" One has only to make a hundred or so sketches for novels, none longer ")
 981 _T("than two pages but of such distinctness that every word in them is necessary; ")
 982 _T("one should write down anecdotes each day until one has learned how to give them ")
 983 _T("the most pregnant and effective form; one should be tireless in collecting and ")
 984 _T("describing human types and characters; one should above all relate things to ")
 985 _T("others and listen to others relate, keeping one's eyes and ears open for the ")
 986 _T("effect produced on those present, one should travel like a landscape painter or ")
 987 _T("costume designer; one should excerpt for oneself out of the individual sciences ")
 988 _T("everything that will produce an artistic effect when it is well described, one ")
 989 _T("should, finally, reflect on the motives of human actions, disdain no signpost ")
 990 _T("to instruction about them and be a collector of these things by day and night. ")
 991 _T("One should continue in this many-sided exercise some ten years: what is then ")
 992 _T("created in the workshop, however, will be fit to go out into the world.\97 What, ")
 993 _T("however, do most people do? They begin, not with the parts, but with the whole. ")
 994 _T("Perhaps they chance to strike a right note, excite attention and from then on ")
 995 _T("strike worse and worse notes, for good, natural reasons.\97 Sometimes, when the ")
 996 _T("character and intellect needed to formulate such a life-plan are lacking, fate ")
 997 _T("and need take their place and lead the future master step by step through all ")
 998 _T("the stipulations of his trade. ")
 999 _T("\n\n")
1000 _T("164 Peril and profit in the cult of the genius.\97 The belief in great, superior, ")
1001 _T("fruitful spirits is not necessarily, yet nonetheless is very frequently ")
1002 _T("associated with that religious or semi-religious superstition that these ")
1003 _T("spirits are of supra-human origin and possess certain miraculous abilities by ")
1004 _T("virtue of which they acquire their knowledge by quite other means than the rest ")
1005 _T("of mankind. One ascribes to them, it seems, a direct view of the nature of the ")
1006 _T("world, as it were a hole in the cloak of appearance, and believes that, by ")
1007 _T("virtue of this miraculous seer's vision, they are able to communicate something ")
1008 _T("conclusive and decisive about man and the world without the toil and ")
1009 _T("rigorousness required by science. As long as there continue to be those who ")
1010 _T("believe in the miraculous in the domain of knowledge one can perhaps concede ")
1011 _T("that these people themselves derive some benefit from their belief, inasmuch as ")
1012 _T("through their unconditional subjection to the great spirits they create for ")
1013 _T("their own spirit during its time of development the finest form of discipline ")
1014 _T("and schooling. On the other hand, it is at least questionable whether the ")
1015 _T("superstitious belief in genius, in its privileges and special abilities, is of ")
1016 _T("benefit to the genius himself if it takes root in him. It is in any event a ")
1017 _T("dangerous sign when a man is assailed by awe of himself, whether it be the ")
1018 _T("celebrated Caesar's awe of Caesar or the awe of one's own genius now under ")
1019 _T("consideration; when the sacrificial incense which is properly rendered only to ")
1020 _T("a god penetrates the brain of the genius, so that his head begins to swim and ")
1021 _T("he comes to regard himself as something supra-human. The consequences that ")
1022 _T("slowly result are: the feeling of irresponsibility, of exceptional rights, the ")
1023 _T("belief that he confers a favor by his mere presence, insane rage when anyone ")
1024 _T("attempts even to compare him with others, let alone to rate him beneath them, ")
1025 _T("or to draw attention to lapses in his work. Because he ceases to practice ")
1026 _T("criticism of himself, at last one pinion after the other falls out of his ")
1027 _T("plumage: that superstitious eats at the roots of his powers and perhaps even ")
1028 _T("turns him into a hypocrite after his powers have fled from him. For the great ")
1029 _T("spirits themselves it is therefore probably more beneficial if they acquire an ")
1030 _T("insight into the nature and origin of their powers, if they grasp, that is to ")
1031 _T("say, what purely human qualities have come together in them and what fortunate ")
1032 _T("circumstances attended them: in the first place undiminished energy, resolute ")
1033 _T("application to individual goals, great personal courage, then the good fortune ")
1034 _T("to receive an upbringing which offered in the early years the finest teachers, ")
1035 _T("models and methods. To be sure, when their goal is the production of the ")
1036 _T("greatest possible effect, unclarity with regard to oneself and that ")
1037 _T("semi-insanity superadded to it has always achieved much; for what has been ")
1038 _T("admired and envied at all times has been that power in them by virtue of which ")
1039 _T("they render men will-less and sweep them away into the delusion that the ")
1040 _T("leaders they are following are supra-natural. Indeed, it elevates and inspires ")
1041 _T("men to believe that someone is in possession of supra-natural powers: to this ")
1042 _T("extent Plato was right to say [Plato: Phaedrus, 244a] that madness has brought ")
1043 _T("the greatest of blessings upon mankind.\97 In rare individual cases this portion ")
1044 _T("of madness may, indeed, actually have been the means by which such a nature, ")
1045 _T("excessive in all directions, was held firmly together: in the life of ")
1046 _T("individuals, too, illusions that are in themselves poisons often play the role ")
1047 _T("of healers; yet, in the end, in the case of every \"genius\" who believes in his ")
1048 _T("own divinity the poison shows itself to the same degree as his \"genius\" grows ")
1049 _T("old: one may recall, for example, the case of Napoleon, whose nature certainly ")
1050 _T("grew into the mighty unity that sets him apart from all men of modern times ")
1051 _T("precisely through his belief in himself and his star and through the contempt ")
1052 _T("for men that flowed from it; until in the end, however, this same belief went ")
1053 _T("over into an almost insane fatalism, robbed him of his acuteness and swiftness ")
1054 _T("of perception, and became the cause of his destruction.");