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1 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
2 // Name: xrc.h
3 // Purpose: topic overview
4 // Author: wxWidgets team
5 // RCS-ID: $Id$
6 // Licence: wxWindows license
7 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
8
9 /**
10
11 @page overview_xrc XML Based Resource System (XRC)
12
13 Classes: wxXmlResource, wxXmlResourceHandler
14
15 The XML-based resource system, known as XRC, allows user interface elements
16 such as dialogs, menu bars and toolbars, to be stored in text files and loaded
17 into the application at run-time. XRC files can also be compiled into binary
18 XRS files or C++ code (the former makes it possible to store all resources in a
19 single file and the latter is useful when you want to embed the resources into
20 the executable).
21
22 There are several advantages to using XRC resources:
23
24 @li Recompiling and linking an application is not necessary if the resources
25 change.
26 @li If you use a dialog designer that generates C++ code, it can be hard to
27 reintegrate this into existing C++ code. Separation of resources and code
28 is a more elegant solution.
29 @li You can choose between different alternative resource files at run time, if
30 necessary.
31 @li The XRC format uses sizers for flexibility, allowing dialogs to be
32 resizable and highly portable.
33 @li The XRC format is a wxWidgets standard, and can be generated or
34 postprocessed by any program that understands it. As it is basedon the XML
35 standard, existing XML editors can be used for simple editing purposes.
36
37 XRC was written by Vaclav Slavik.
38
39 @li @ref overview_xrc_concepts
40 @li @ref overview_xrc_binaryresourcefiles
41 @li @ref overview_xrc_embeddedresource
42 @li @ref overview_xrc_cppsample
43 @li @ref overview_xrc_sample
44 @li @ref overview_xrc_cppheader
45 @li @ref overview_xrc_newresourcehandlers
46 @li @ref xrc_format
47
48 <hr>
49
50
51 @section overview_xrc_concepts XRC Concepts
52
53 These are the typical steps for using XRC files in your application.
54
55 @li Include the appropriate headers: normally "wx/xrc/xmlres.h" will suffice.
56 @li If you are going to use XRS files (see
57 @ref overview_xrc_binaryresourcefiles), install wxFileSystem archive
58 handler first with wxFileSystem::AddHandler(new wxArchiveFSHandler);
59 @li Call wxXmlResource::Get()->InitAllHandlers() from your wxApp::OnInit
60 function, and then call wxXmlResource::Get()->Load("myfile.xrc") to load
61 the resource file.
62 @li To create a dialog from a resource, create it using the default
63 constructor, and then load it. For example:
64 wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadDialog(dlg, this, "dlg1");
65 @li Set up event tables as usual but use the XRCID(str) macro to translate from
66 XRC string names to a suitable integer identifier, for example
67 <tt>EVT_MENU(XRCID("quit"), MyFrame::OnQuit)</tt>.
68
69 To create an XRC file, you can use one of the following methods.
70
71 @li Create the file by hand.
72 @li Use wxDesigner <http://www.roebling.de/>, a commercial dialog designer/RAD
73 tool.
74 @li Use DialogBlocks <http://www.anthemion.co.uk/dialogblocks/>, a commercial
75 dialog editor.
76 @li Use XRCed <http://xrced.sf.net/>, a wxPython-based dialog editor that you
77 can find in the wxPython/tools subdirectory of the wxWidgets SVN archive.
78 @li Use wxGlade <http://wxglade.sf.net/>, a GUI designer written in wxPython.
79 At the moment it can generate Python, C++ and XRC.
80
81 A complete list of third-party tools that write to XRC can be found at
82 <http://www.wxwidgets.org/wiki/index.php/Tools>.
83
84 It is highly recommended that you use a resource editing tool, since it's
85 fiddly writing XRC files by hand.
86
87 You can use wxXmlResource::Load in a number of ways. You can pass an XRC file
88 (XML-based text resource file) or a zip-compressed file (see
89 @ref overview_xrc_binaryresourcefiles), with extension ZIP or XRS, containing
90 other XRC.
91
92 You can also use embedded C++ resources (see
93 @ref overview_xrc_embeddedresource).
94
95
96 @section overview_xrc_binaryresourcefiles Using Binary Resource Files
97
98 To compile binary resource files, use the command-line @c wxrc utility. It
99 takes one or more file parameters (the input XRC files) and the following
100 switches and options:
101
102 @li -h (--help): Show a help message.
103 @li -v (--verbose): Show verbose logging information.
104 @li -c (--cpp-code): Write C++ source rather than a XRS file.
105 @li -e (--extra-cpp-code): If used together with -c, generates C++ header file
106 containing class definitions for the windows defined by the XRC file (see
107 special subsection).
108 @li -u (--uncompressed): Do not compress XML files (C++ only).
109 @li -g (--gettext): Output underscore-wrapped strings that poEdit or gettext
110 can scan. Outputs to stdout, or a file if -o is used.
111 @li -n (--function) @<name@>: Specify C++ function name (use with -c).
112 @li -o (--output) @<filename@>: Specify the output file, such as resource.xrs
113 or resource.cpp.
114 @li -l (--list-of-handlers) @<filename@>: Output a list of necessary handlers
115 to this file.
116
117 For example:
118
119 @code
120 $ wxrc resource.xrc
121 $ wxrc resource.xrc -o resource.xrs
122 $ wxrc resource.xrc -v -c -o resource.cpp
123 @endcode
124
125 @note XRS file is essentially a renamed ZIP archive which means that you can
126 manipulate it with standard ZIP tools. Note that if you are using XRS files,
127 you have to initialize the wxFileSystem archive handler first! It is a simple
128 thing to do:
129
130 @code
131 #include <wx/filesys.h>
132 #include <wx/fs_arc.h>
133 ...
134 wxFileSystem::AddHandler(new wxArchiveFSHandler);
135 @endcode
136
137
138 @section overview_xrc_embeddedresource Using Embedded Resources
139
140 It is sometimes useful to embed resources in the executable itself instead of
141 loading an external file (e.g. when your app is small and consists only of one
142 exe file). XRC provides means to convert resources into regular C++ file that
143 can be compiled and included in the executable.
144
145 Use the @c -c switch to @c wxrc utility to produce C++ file with embedded
146 resources. This file will contain a function called @c InitXmlResource (unless
147 you override this with a command line switch). Use it to load the resource:
148
149 @code
150 extern void InitXmlResource(); // defined in generated file
151 ...
152 wxXmlResource::Get()->InitAllHandlers();
153 InitXmlResource();
154 ...
155 @endcode
156
157
158 @section overview_xrc_cppsample XRC C++ Sample
159
160 This is the C++ source file (xrcdemo.cpp) for the XRC sample.
161
162 @code
163 #include "wx/wx.h"
164 #include "wx/image.h"
165 #include "wx/xrc/xmlres.h"
166
167 // the application icon
168 #if defined(__WXGTK__) || defined(__WXMOTIF__) || defined(__WXMAC__)
169 #include "rc/appicon.xpm"
170 #endif
171
172 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
173 // private classes
174 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
175
176 // Define a new application type, each program should derive a class from wxApp
177 class MyApp : public wxApp
178 {
179 public:
180 // override base class virtuals
181 // ----------------------------
182
183 // this one is called on application startup and is a good place for the
184 // app initialization (doing it here and not in the ctor allows to have an
185 // error return: if OnInit() returns false, the application terminates)
186 virtual bool OnInit();
187 };
188
189 // Define a new frame type: this is going to be our main frame
190 class MyFrame : public wxFrame
191 {
192 public:
193 // ctor(s)
194 MyFrame(const wxString& title, const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size);
195
196 // event handlers (these functions should _not_ be virtual)
197 void OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& event);
198 void OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& event);
199 void OnDlg1(wxCommandEvent& event);
200 void OnDlg2(wxCommandEvent& event);
201
202 private:
203 // any class wishing to process wxWidgets events must use this macro
204 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
205 };
206
207 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
208 // event tables and other macros for wxWidgets
209 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
210
211 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame, wxFrame)
212 EVT_MENU(XRCID("menu_quit"), MyFrame::OnQuit)
213 EVT_MENU(XRCID("menu_about"), MyFrame::OnAbout)
214 EVT_MENU(XRCID("menu_dlg1"), MyFrame::OnDlg1)
215 EVT_MENU(XRCID("menu_dlg2"), MyFrame::OnDlg2)
216 END_EVENT_TABLE()
217
218 IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
219
220 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
221 // the application class
222 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
223
224 // 'Main program' equivalent: the program execution "starts" here
225 bool MyApp::OnInit()
226 {
227 wxImage::AddHandler(new wxGIFHandler);
228 wxXmlResource::Get()->InitAllHandlers();
229 wxXmlResource::Get()->Load("rc/resource.xrc");
230
231 MyFrame *frame = new MyFrame("XML resources demo",
232 wxPoint(50, 50), wxSize(450, 340));
233 frame->Show(true);
234 return true;
235 }
236
237 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
238 // main frame
239 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
240
241 // frame constructor
242 MyFrame::MyFrame(const wxString& title, const wxPoint& pos, const wxSize& size)
243 : wxFrame((wxFrame *)NULL, -1, title, pos, size)
244 {
245 SetIcon(wxICON(appicon));
246
247 SetMenuBar(wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadMenuBar("mainmenu"));
248 SetToolBar(wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadToolBar(this, "toolbar"));
249 }
250
251 // event handlers
252 void MyFrame::OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
253 {
254 // true is to force the frame to close
255 Close(true);
256 }
257
258 void MyFrame::OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
259 {
260 wxString msg;
261 msg.Printf( _T("This is the about dialog of XML resources demo.\n")
262 _T("Welcome to %s"), wxVERSION_STRING);
263
264 wxMessageBox(msg, "About XML resources demo",
265 wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION, this);
266 }
267
268 void MyFrame::OnDlg1(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
269 {
270 wxDialog dlg;
271 wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadDialog(&dlg, this, "dlg1");
272 dlg.ShowModal();
273 }
274
275 void MyFrame::OnDlg2(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
276 {
277 wxDialog dlg;
278 wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadDialog(&dlg, this, "dlg2");
279 dlg.ShowModal();
280 }
281 @endcode
282
283
284 @section overview_xrc_sample XRC Resource File Sample
285
286 This is the XML file (resource.xrc) for the XRC sample.
287
288 @code
289 <?xml version="1.0"?>
290 <resource version="2.3.0.1">
291 <object class="wxMenuBar" name="mainmenu">
292 <style>wxMB_DOCKABLE</style>
293 <object class="wxMenu" name="menu_file">
294 <label>_File</label>
295 <style>wxMENU_TEAROFF</style>
296 <object class="wxMenuItem" name="menu_about">
297 <label>_About...</label>
298 <bitmap>filesave.gif</bitmap>
299 </object>
300 <object class="separator"/>
301 <object class="wxMenuItem" name="menu_dlg1">
302 <label>Dialog 1</label>
303 </object>
304 <object class="wxMenuItem" name="menu_dlg2">
305 <label>Dialog 2</label>
306 </object>
307 <object class="separator"/>
308 <object class="wxMenuItem" name="menu_quit">
309 <label>E_xit\tAlt-X</label>
310 </object>
311 </object>
312 </object>
313 <object class="wxToolBar" name="toolbar">
314 <style>wxTB_FLAT|wxTB_DOCKABLE</style>
315 <margins>2,2</margins>
316 <object class="tool" name="menu_open">
317 <bitmap>fileopen.gif</bitmap>
318 <tooltip>Open catalog</tooltip>
319 </object>
320 <object class="tool" name="menu_save">
321 <bitmap>filesave.gif</bitmap>
322 <tooltip>Save catalog</tooltip>
323 </object>
324 <object class="tool" name="menu_update">
325 <bitmap>update.gif</bitmap>
326 <tooltip>Update catalog - synchronize it with sources</tooltip>
327 </object>
328 <separator/>
329 <object class="tool" name="menu_quotes">
330 <bitmap>quotes.gif</bitmap>
331 <toggle>1</toggle>
332 <tooltip>Display quotes around the string?</tooltip>
333 </object>
334 <object class="separator"/>
335 <object class="tool" name="menu_fuzzy">
336 <bitmap>fuzzy.gif</bitmap>
337 <tooltip>Toggled if selected string is fuzzy translation</tooltip>
338 <toggle>1</toggle>
339 </object>
340 </object>
341 <object class="wxDialog" name="dlg1">
342 <object class="wxBoxSizer">
343 <object class="sizeritem">
344 <object class="wxBitmapButton">
345 <bitmap>fuzzy.gif</bitmap>
346 <focus>fileopen.gif</focus>
347 </object>
348 </object>
349 <object class="sizeritem">
350 <object class="wxPanel">
351 <object class="wxStaticText">
352 <label>fdgdfgdfgdfg</label>
353 </object>
354 <style>wxBORDER\_SUNKEN</style>
355 </object>
356 <flag>wxALIGN_CENTER</flag>
357 </object>
358 <object class="sizeritem">
359 <object class="wxButton">
360 <label>Buttonek</label>
361 </object>
362 <border>10d</border>
363 <flag>wxALL</flag>
364 </object>
365 <object class="sizeritem">
366 <object class="wxHtmlWindow">
367 <htmlcode><h1>Hi,</h1>man</htmlcode>
368 <size>100,45d</size>
369 </object>
370 </object>
371 <object class="sizeritem">
372 <object class="wxNotebook">
373 <object class="notebookpage">
374 <object class="wxPanel">
375 <object class="wxBoxSizer">
376 <object class="sizeritem">
377 <object class="wxHtmlWindow">
378 <htmlcode>Hello, we are inside a <u>NOTEBOOK</u>...</htmlcode>
379 <size>50,50d</size>
380 </object>
381 <option>1</option>
382 </object>
383 </object>
384 </object>
385 <label>Page</label>
386 </object>
387 <object class="notebookpage">
388 <object class="wxPanel">
389 <object class="wxBoxSizer">
390 <object class="sizeritem">
391 <object class="wxHtmlWindow">
392 <htmlcode>Hello, we are inside a <u>NOTEBOOK</u>...</htmlcode>
393 <size>50,50d</size>
394 </object>
395 </object>
396 </object>
397 </object>
398 <label>Page 2</label>
399 </object>
400 <usenotebooksizer>1</usenotebooksizer>
401 </object>
402 <flag>wxEXPAND</flag>
403 </object>
404 <orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>
405 </object>
406 </object>
407 <object class="wxDialog" name="dlg2">
408 <object class="wxBoxSizer">
409 <orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>
410 <object class="sizeritem" name="dfgdfg">
411 <object class="wxTextCtrl">
412 <size>200,200d</size>
413 <style>wxTE_MULTILINE|wxBORDER_SUNKEN</style>
414 <value>Hello, this is an ordinary multiline\n textctrl....</value>
415 </object>
416 <option>1</option>
417 <flag>wxEXPAND|wxALL</flag>
418 <border>10</border>
419 </object>
420 <object class="sizeritem">
421 <object class="wxBoxSizer">
422 <object class="sizeritem">
423 <object class="wxButton" name="wxID_OK">
424 <label>Ok</label>
425 <default>1</default>
426 </object>
427 </object>
428 <object class="sizeritem">
429 <object class="wxButton" name="wxID_CANCEL">
430 <label>Cancel</label>
431 </object>
432 <border>10</border>
433 <flag>wxLEFT</flag>
434 </object>
435 </object>
436 <flag>wxLEFT|wxRIGHT|wxBOTTOM|wxALIGN_RIGHT</flag>
437 <border>10</border>
438 </object>
439 </object>
440 <title>Second testing dialog</title>
441 </object>
442 </resource>
443 @endcode
444
445
446 @section overview_xrc_cppheader C++ header file generation
447
448 Using the @c -e switch together with @c -c, a C++ header file is written
449 containing class definitions for the GUI windows defined in the XRC file. This
450 code generation can make it easier to use XRC and automate program development.
451 The classes can be used as basis for development, freeing the programmer from
452 dealing with most of the XRC specifics (e.g. @c XRCCTRL).
453
454 For each top level window defined in the XRC file a C++ class definition is
455 generated, containing as class members the named widgets of the window. A
456 default constructor for each class is also generated. Inside the constructor
457 all XRC loading is done and all class members representing widgets are
458 initialized.
459
460 A simple example will help understand how the scheme works. Suppose you have a
461 XRC file defining a top level window @c TestWnd_Base, which subclasses wxFrame
462 (any other class like @c wxDialog will do also), and has subwidgets wxTextCtrl A
463 and wxButton B.
464
465 The XRC file and corresponding class definition in the header file will be
466 something like:
467
468 @code
469 <?xml version="1.0"?>
470 <resource version="2.3.0.1">
471 <object class="wxFrame" name="TestWnd_Base">
472 <size>-1,-1</size>
473 <title>Test</title>
474 <object class="wxBoxSizer">
475 <orient>wxHORIZONTAL</orient>
476 <object class="sizeritem">
477 <object class="wxTextCtrl" name="A">
478 <label>Test label</label>
479 </object>
480 </object>
481 <object class="sizeritem">
482 <object class="wxButton" name="B">
483 <label>Test button</label>
484 </object>
485 </object>
486 </object>
487 </object>
488 </resource>
489
490
491 class TestWnd_Base : public wxFrame
492 {
493 protected:
494 wxTextCtrl* A;
495 wxButton* B;
496
497 private:
498 void InitWidgetsFromXRC()
499 {
500 wxXmlResource::Get()->LoadObject(this, NULL, "TestWnd", "wxFrame");
501 A = XRCCTRL(*this, "A", wxTextCtrl);
502 B = XRCCTRL(*this, "B", wxButton);
503 }
504 public:
505 TestWnd::TestWnd()
506 {
507 InitWidgetsFromXRC();
508 }
509 };
510 @endcode
511
512 The generated window class can be used as basis for the full window class. The
513 class members which represent widgets may be accessed by name instead of using
514 @c XRCCTRL every time you wish to reference them (note that they are
515 @c protected class members), though you must still use @c XRCID to refer to
516 widget IDs in the event table.
517
518 Example:
519
520 @code
521 #include "resource.h"
522
523 class TestWnd : public TestWnd_Base
524 {
525 public:
526 TestWnd()
527 {
528 // A, B already initialised at this point
529 A->SetValue("Updated in TestWnd::TestWnd");
530 B->SetValue("Nice :)");
531 }
532 void OnBPressed(wxEvent& event)
533 {
534 Close();
535 }
536 DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE();
537 };
538
539 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(TestWnd,TestWnd_Base)
540 EVT_BUTTON(XRCID("B"), TestWnd::OnBPressed)
541 END_EVENT_TABLE()
542 @endcode
543
544 It is also possible to access the wxSizerItem of a sizer that is part of a
545 resource. This can be done using @c XRCSIZERITEM as shown.
546
547 The resource file can have something like this for a sizer item.
548
549 @code
550 <object class="spacer" name="area">
551 <size>400, 300</size>
552 </object>
553 @endcode
554
555 The code can then access the sizer item by using @c XRCSIZERITEM and @c XRCID
556 together.
557
558 @code
559 wxSizerItem* item = XRCSIZERITEM(*this, "area");
560 @endcode
561
562
563 @section overview_xrc_newresourcehandlers Adding New Resource Handlers
564
565 Adding a new resource handler is pretty easy.
566
567 Typically, to add an handler for the @c MyControl class, you'll want to create
568 the @c xh_mycontrol.h and @c xh_mycontrol.cpp files.
569
570 The header needs to contains the @c MyControlXmlHandler class definition:
571
572 @code
573 class MyControlXmlHandler : public wxXmlResourceHandler
574 {
575 public:
576 // Constructor.
577 MyControlXmlHandler();
578
579 // Creates the control and returns a pointer to it.
580 virtual wxObject *DoCreateResource();
581
582 // Returns true if we know how to create a control for the given node.
583 virtual bool CanHandle(wxXmlNode *node);
584
585 // Register with wxWidgets' dynamic class subsystem.
586 DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyControlXmlHandler)
587 };
588 @endcode
589
590 The implementation of your custom XML handler will typically look as:
591
592 @code
593 // Register with wxWidgets' dynamic class subsystem.
594 IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyControlXmlHandler, wxXmlResourceHandler)
595
596 MyControlXmlHandler::MyControlXmlHandler()
597 {
598 // this call adds support for all wxWindows class styles
599 // (e.g. wxBORDER_SIMPLE, wxBORDER_SUNKEN, wxWS_EX_* etc etc)
600 AddWindowStyles();
601
602 // if MyControl class supports e.g. MYCONTROL_DEFAULT_STYLE
603 // you should use:
604 // XRC_ADD_STYLE(MYCONTROL_DEFAULT_STYLE);
605 }
606
607 wxObject *MyControlXmlHandler::DoCreateResource()
608 {
609 // the following macro will init a pointer named "control"
610 // with a new instance of the MyControl class, but will NOT
611 // Create() it!
612 XRC_MAKE_INSTANCE(control, MyControl)
613
614 // this is the point where you'll typically need to do the most
615 // important changes: here the control is created and initialized.
616 // You'll want to use the wxXmlResourceHandler's getters to
617 // do most of your work.
618 // If e.g. the MyControl::Create function looks like:
619 //
620 // bool MyControl::Create(wxWindow *parent, int id,
621 // const wxBitmap &first, const wxPoint &posFirst,
622 // const wxBitmap &second, const wxPoint &posSecond,
623 // const wxString &theTitle, const wxFont &titleFont,
624 // const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size,
625 // long style = MYCONTROL_DEFAULT_STYLE,
626 // const wxString &name = wxT("MyControl"));
627 //
628 // Then the XRC for your component should look like:
629 //
630 // <object class="MyControl" name="some_name">
631 // <first-bitmap>first.xpm</first-bitmap>
632 // <second-bitmap>text.xpm</second-bitmap>
633 // <first-pos>3,3</first-pos>
634 // <second-pos>4,4</second-pos>
635 // <the-title>a title</the-title>
636 // <title-font>
637 // <!-- Standard XRC tags for a font: <size>, <style>, <weight>, etc -->
638 // </title-font>
639 // <!-- XRC also accepts other usual tags for wxWindow-derived classes:
640 // like e.g. <name>, <style>, <size>, <position>, etc -->
641 // </object>
642 //
643 // And the code to read your custom tags from the XRC file is just:
644 control->Create(m_parentAsWindow, GetID(),
645 GetBitmap(wxT("first-bitmap")),
646 GetPosition(wxT("first-pos")),
647 GetBitmap(wxT("second-bitmap")),
648 GetPosition(wxT("second-pos")),
649 GetText(wxT("the-title")),
650 GetFont(wxT("title-font")),
651 GetPosition(), GetSize(), GetStyle(), GetName());
652
653 SetupWindow(control);
654
655 return control;
656 }
657
658 bool MyControlXmlHandler::CanHandle(wxXmlNode *node)
659 {
660 // this function tells XRC system that this handler can parse
661 // the <object class="MyControl"> tags
662 return IsOfClass(node, wxT("MyControl"));
663 }
664 @endcode
665
666 You may want to check the wxXmlResourceHandler documentation to see how many
667 built-in getters it contains. It's very easy to retrieve also complex
668 structures out of XRC files using them.
669
670 */
671