src/tiff/man/libtiff.3tiff

   1 .\" $Id: libtiff.3tiff,v 1.4 2012-07-29 15:45:30 tgl Exp $
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   3 .\" Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler
   4 .\" Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
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  25 .if n .po 0
  26 .TH INTRO 3TIFF "November 2, 2005" "libtiff"
  27 .SH NAME
  28 libtiff \- introduction to
  29 .IR libtiff ,
  30 a library for reading and writing
  31 .SM TIFF
  32 files
  33 .SH SYNOPSIS
  34 .B "#include <tiffio.h>"
  35 .sp
  36 cc file.c
  37 .B -ltiff
  38 .SH DESCRIPTION
  39 .I libtiff
  40 is a library for reading and writing data files encoded with the
  41 .I "Tag Image File"
  42 format, Revision 6.0 (or revision 5.0 or revision 4.0). This file format is
  43 suitable for archiving multi-color and monochromatic image data.
  44 .PP
  45 The library supports several compression algorithms, as indicated by the
  46 .I Compression
  47 field, including:
  48 no compression (1),
  49 .SM CCITT
  50 1D Huffman compression (2),
  51 .SM CCITT
  52 Group 3 Facsimile compression (3),
  53 .SM CCITT
  54 Group 4 Facsimile compression (4),
  55 Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression (5),
  56 baseline JPEG compression (7),
  57 word-aligned 1D Huffman compression (32771),
  58 and
  59 PackBits compression (32773).
  60 In addition, several nonstandard compression algorithms are supported: the
  61 4-bit compression algorithm used by the
  62 .I ThunderScan
  63 program (32809) (decompression only), NeXT's 2-bit compression algorithm
  64 (32766) (decompression only), an experimental LZ-style algorithm known as
  65 Deflate (32946), and an experimental CIE LogLuv compression scheme designed
  66 for images with high dynamic range (32845 for LogL and 32845 for LogLuv).
  67 Directory information may be in either little- or big-endian byte order\-byte
  68 swapping is automatically done by the library. Data bit ordering may be either
  69 Most Significant Bit (\c
  70 .SM MSB\c
  71 ) to Least Significant Bit (\c
  72 .SM LSB\c
  73 ) or
  74 .SM LSB
  75 to
  76 .SM MSB.
  77 Finally, the library does not support files in which the
  78 .IR BitsPerSample ,
  79 .IR Compression ,
  80 .IR MinSampleValue ,
  81 or
  82 .IR MaxSampleValue
  83 fields are defined differently on a per-sample basis
  84 (in Rev. 6.0 the
  85 .I Compression
  86 tag is not defined on a per-sample basis, so this is immaterial).
  87 .SH "DATA TYPES"
  88 The library makes extensive use of C typedefs to promote portability.
  89 Two sets of typedefs are used, one for communication with clients
  90 of the library and one for internal data structures and parsing of the
  91 .SM TIFF
  92 format.
  93 The following typedefs are exposed to users either through function
  94 definitions or through parameters passed through the varargs interfaces.
  95 .in +.5i
  96 .sp 5p
  97 .ta +\w'typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32;    'u
  98 .nf
  99 typedef unsigned short uint16;  16-bit unsigned integer
 100 typedef unsigned <\fIthing\fP> uint32;  32-bit unsigned integer
 101 .sp 5p
 102 typedef unsigned int ttag_t;    directory tag
 103 typedef uint16 tdir_t;  directory index
 104 typedef uint16 tsample_t;       sample number
 105 typedef uint32 tstrip_t;        strip number
 106 typedef uint32 ttile_t; tile number
 107 typedef int32 tsize_t;  i/o size in bytes
 108 typedef void* tdata_t;  image data ref
 109 typedef void* thandle_t;        client data handle
 110 typedef int32 toff_t;   file offset
 111 .fi
 112 .sp 5p
 113 .in -.5i
 114 Note that
 115 .IR tstrip_t ,
 116 .IR ttile_t ,
 117 and
 118 .I tsize_t
 119 are constrained to be no more than 32-bit quantities by 32-bit fields they are
 120 stored in in the
 121 .SM TIFF
 122 image.
 123 Likewise
 124 .I tsample_t
 125 is limited by the 16-bit field used to store the
 126 .I SamplesPerPixel
 127 tag.
 128 .I tdir_t
 129 constrains the maximum number of
 130 .SM IFDs
 131 that may appear in an image and may be an arbitrary size (w/o penalty).
 132 .I ttag_t
 133 must be either int, unsigned int, pointer, or double because the library uses
 134 a varargs interface and
 135 .SM "ANSI C"
 136 restricts the type of the parameter before an ellipsis to be a promoted type.
 137 .I toff_t
 138 is defined as int32 because TIFF file offsets are (unsigned) 32-bit
 139 quantities. A signed value is used because some interfaces return \-1 on
 140 error. Finally, note that user-specified data references are passed as opaque
 141 handles and only cast at the lowest layers where their type is presumed.
 142 .SH "LIST OF ROUTINES"
 143 The following routines are part of the library. Consult specific manual pages
 144 for details on their operation; on most systems doing ``man function-name''
 145 will work.
 146 .sp
 147 .nf
 148 .ta \w'TIFFCheckpointDirectory'u+2n
 149 \fIName\fP      \fIDescription\fP
 150 .sp 5p
 151 TIFFCheckpointDirectory writes the current state of the directory
 152 TIFFCheckTile           very x,y,z,sample is within image
 153 TIFFCIELabToRGBInit     initialize CIE L*a*b* 1976 to RGB conversion state
 154 TIFFCIELabToXYZ         perform CIE L*a*b* 1976 to CIE XYZ conversion
 155 TIFFClientOpen          open a file for reading or writing
 156 TIFFClose               close an open file
 157 TIFFComputeStrip        return strip containing y,sample
 158 TIFFComputeTile         return tile containing x,y,z,sample
 159 TIFFCurrentDirectory    return index of current directory
 160 TIFFCurrentRow          return index of current scanline
 161 TIFFCurrentStrip        return index of current strip
 162 TIFFCurrentTile         return index of current tile
 163 TIFFDataWidth           return the size of TIFF data types
 164 TIFFError               library error handler
 165 TIFFFdOpen              open a file for reading or writing
 166 TIFFFieldDataType       get data type from field information
 167 TIFFFieldName           get field name from field information
 168 TIFFFieldPassCount      get whether to pass a value count to Get/SetField
 169 TIFFFieldReadCount      get number of values to be read from field
 170 TIFFFieldTag            get tag value from field information
 171 TIFFFieldWithName       get field information given field name
 172 TIFFFieldWithTag        get field information given tag
 173 TIFFFieldWriteCount     get number of values to be written to field
 174 TIFFFileName            return name of open file
 175 TIFFFileno              return open file descriptor
 176 TIFFFindCODEC           find standard codec for the specific scheme
 177 TIFFFindField           get field information given tag and data type
 178 TIFFFlush               flush all pending writes
 179 TIFFFlushData           flush pending data writes
 180 TIFFGetBitRevTable      return bit reversal table
 181 TIFFGetField            return tag value in current directory
 182 TIFFGetFieldDefaulted   return tag value in current directory
 183 TIFFGetMode             return open file mode
 184 TIFFGetVersion          return library version string
 185 TIFFIsCODECConfigured   check, whether we have working codec
 186 TIFFIsMSB2LSB           return true if image data is being returned
 187                         with bit 0 as the most significant bit
 188 TIFFIsTiled             return true if image data is tiled
 189 TIFFIsByteSwapped       return true if image data is byte-swapped
 190 TIFFNumberOfStrips      return number of strips in an image
 191 TIFFNumberOfTiles       return number of tiles in an image
 192 TIFFOpen                open a file for reading or writing
 193 TIFFPrintDirectory      print description of the current directory
 194 TIFFReadBufferSetup     specify i/o buffer for reading
 195 TIFFReadDirectory       read the next directory
 196 TIFFReadEncodedStrip    read and decode a strip of data
 197 TIFFReadEncodedTile     read and decode a tile of data
 198 TIFFReadRawStrip        read a raw strip of data
 199 TIFFReadRawTile         read a raw tile of data
 200 TIFFReadRGBAImage       read an image into a fixed format raster
 201 TIFFReadScanline        read and decode a row of data
 202 TIFFReadTile            read and decode a tile of data
 203 TIFFRegisterCODEC       override standard codec for the specific scheme
 204 TIFFReverseBits         reverse bits in an array of bytes
 205 TIFFRGBAImageBegin      setup decoder state for TIFFRGBAImageGet
 206 TIFFRGBAImageEnd        release TIFFRGBAImage decoder state
 207 TIFFRGBAImageGet        read and decode an image
 208 TIFFRGBAImageOK         is image readable by TIFFRGBAImageGet
 209 TIFFScanlineSize        return size of a scanline
 210 TIFFSetDirectory        set the current directory
 211 TIFFSetSubDirectory     set the current directory
 212 TIFFSetErrorHandler     set error handler function
 213 TIFFSetField            set a tag's value in the current directory
 214 TIFFSetWarningHandler   set warning handler function
 215 TIFFStripSize           returns size of a strip
 216 TIFFRawStripSize        returns the number of bytes in a raw strip
 217 TIFFSwabShort           swap bytes of short
 218 TIFFSwabLong            swap bytes of long
 219 TIFFSwabArrayOfShort    swap bytes of an array of shorts
 220 TIFFSwabArrayOfLong     swap bytes of an array of longs
 221 TIFFTileRowSize         return size of a row in a tile
 222 TIFFTileSize            return size of a tile
 223 TIFFUnRegisterCODEC     unregisters the codec
 224 TIFFVGetField           return tag value in current directory
 225 TIFFVGetFieldDefaulted  return tag value in current directory
 226 TIFFVSetField           set a tag's value in the current directory
 227 TIFFVStripSize          returns the number of bytes in a strip
 228 TIFFWarning             library warning handler
 229 TIFFWriteDirectory      write the current directory
 230 TIFFWriteEncodedStrip   compress and write a strip of data
 231 TIFFWriteEncodedTile    compress and write a tile of data
 232 TIFFWriteRawStrip       write a raw strip of data
 233 TIFFWriteRawTile        write a raw tile of data
 234 TIFFWriteScanline       write a scanline of data
 235 TIFFWriteTile           compress and write a tile of data
 236 TIFFXYZToRGB            perform CIE XYZ to RGB conversion
 237 TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit      initialize YCbCr to RGB conversion state
 238 TIFFYCbCrtoRGB          perform YCbCr to RGB conversion
 239 .sp
 240 Auxiliary functions:
 241 _TIFFfree               free memory buffer
 242 _TIFFmalloc             dynamically allocate memory buffer
 243 _TIFFmemcmp             compare contents of the memory buffers
 244 _TIFFmemcpy             copy contents of the one buffer to another
 245 _TIFFmemset             fill memory buffer with a constant byte
 246 _TIFFrealloc            dynamically reallocate memory buffer
 247
 248 .fi
 249 .SH "TAG USAGE"
 250 The table below lists the
 251 .SM TIFF
 252 tags that are recognized and handled by the library.
 253 If no use is indicated in the table, then the library
 254 reads and writes the tag, but does not use it internally.
 255 Note that some tags are meaningful only when a particular
 256 compression scheme is being used; e.g.
 257 .I Group3Options
 258 is only useful if
 259 .I Compression
 260 is set to
 261 .SM CCITT
 262 Group 3 encoding.
 263 Tags of this sort are considered
 264 .I codec-specific
 265 tags and the library does not recognize them except when the
 266 .I Compression
 267 tag has been previously set to the relevant compression scheme.
 268 .sp
 269 .nf
 270 .ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Value'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
 271 \fITag Name\fP  \fIValue\fP     \fIR/W\fP       \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
 272 .sp 5p
 273 .nf
 274 Artist  315     R/W
 275 BadFaxLines     326     R/W
 276 BitsPerSample   258     R/W     lots
 277 CellLength      265             parsed but ignored
 278 CellWidth       264             parsed but ignored
 279 CleanFaxData    327     R/W
 280 ColorMap        320     R/W
 281 ColorResponseUnit       300             parsed but ignored
 282 Compression     259     R/W     choosing codec
 283 ConsecutiveBadFaxLines  328     R/W
 284 Copyright       33432   R/W
 285 DataType        32996   R       obsoleted by SampleFormat tag
 286 DateTime        306     R/W
 287 DocumentName    269     R/W
 288 DotRange        336     R/W
 289 ExtraSamples    338     R/W     lots
 290 FaxRecvParams   34908   R/W
 291 FaxSubAddress   34909   R/W
 292 FaxRecvTime     34910   R/W
 293 FillOrder       266     R/W     control bit order
 294 FreeByteCounts  289             parsed but ignored
 295 FreeOffsets     288             parsed but ignored
 296 GrayResponseCurve       291             parsed but ignored
 297 GrayResponseUnit        290             parsed but ignored
 298 Group3Options   292     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 299 Group4Options   293     R/W
 300 HostComputer    316     R/W
 301 ImageDepth      32997   R/W     tile/strip calculations
 302 ImageDescription        270     R/W
 303 ImageLength     257     R/W     lots
 304 ImageWidth      256     R/W     lots
 305 InkNames        333     R/W
 306 InkSet  332     R/W
 307 JPEGTables      347     R/W     used by JPEG codec
 308 Make    271     R/W
 309 Matteing        32995   R       obsoleted by ExtraSamples tag
 310 MaxSampleValue  281     R/W
 311 MinSampleValue  280     R/W
 312 Model   272     R/W
 313 NewSubFileType  254     R/W     called SubFileType in spec
 314 NumberOfInks    334     R/W
 315 Orientation     274     R/W
 316 PageName        285     R/W
 317 PageNumber      297     R/W
 318 PhotometricInterpretation       262     R/W     used by Group 3 and JPEG codecs
 319 PlanarConfiguration     284     R/W     data i/o
 320 Predictor       317     R/W     used by LZW and Deflate codecs
 321 PrimaryChromacities     319     R/W
 322 ReferenceBlackWhite     532     R/W
 323 ResolutionUnit  296     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 324 RowsPerStrip    278     R/W     data i/o
 325 SampleFormat    339     R/W
 326 SamplesPerPixel 277     R/W     lots
 327 SMinSampleValue 340     R/W
 328 SMaxSampleValue 341     R/W
 329 Software        305     R/W
 330 StoNits 37439   R/W
 331 StripByteCounts 279     R/W     data i/o
 332 StripOffsets    273     R/W     data i/o
 333 SubFileType     255     R/W     called OSubFileType in spec
 334 TargetPrinter   337     R/W
 335 Thresholding    263     R/W
 336 TileByteCounts  324     R/W     data i/o
 337 TileDepth       32998   R/W     tile/strip calculations
 338 TileLength      323     R/W     data i/o
 339 TileOffsets     324     R/W     data i/o
 340 TileWidth       322     R/W     data i/o
 341 TransferFunction        301     R/W
 342 WhitePoint      318     R/W
 343 XPosition       286     R/W
 344 XResolution     282     R/W
 345 YCbCrCoefficients       529     R/W     used by TIFFRGBAImage support
 346 YCbCrPositioning        531     R/W     tile/strip size calulcations
 347 YCbCrSubsampling        530     R/W
 348 YPosition       286     R/W
 349 YResolution     283     R/W     used by Group 3 codec
 350 .SH "PSEUDO TAGS"
 351 In addition to the normal
 352 .SM TIFF
 353 tags the library supports a collection of
 354 tags whose values lie in a range outside the valid range of
 355 .SM TIFF
 356 tags.
 357 These tags are termed
 358 .I pseud-tags
 359 and are used to control various codec-specific functions within the library.
 360 The table below summarizes the defined pseudo-tags.
 361 .sp
 362 .nf
 363 .ta \w'TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE'u+2n +\w'Codec'u+2n +\w'R/W'u+2n
 364 \fITag Name\fP  \fICodec\fP     \fIR/W\fP       \fILibrary Use/Notes\fP
 365 .sp 5p
 366 .nf
 367 TIFFTAG_FAXMODE G3      R/W     general codec operation
 368 TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC     G3/G4   R/W     bitmap fill function
 369 TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY     JPEG    R/W     compression quality control
 370 TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE   JPEG    R/W     control colorspace conversions
 371 TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE  JPEG    R/W     control contents of \fIJPEGTables\fP tag
 372 TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY      Deflate R/W     compression quality level
 373 TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT PixarLog        R/W     user data format
 374 TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY PixarLog        R/W     compression quality level
 375 TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT   SGILog  R/W     user data format
 376 .fi
 377 .TP
 378 .B TIFFTAG_FAXMODE
 379 Control the operation of the Group 3 codec.
 380 Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
 381 or'ing them together) are:
 382 FAXMODE_CLASSIC
 383 (enable old-style format in which the
 384 .SM RTC
 385 is written at the end of the last strip),
 386 FAXMODE_NORTC
 387 (opposite of
 388 FAXMODE_CLASSIC;
 389 also called
 390 FAXMODE_CLASSF),
 391 FAXMODE_NOEOL
 392 (do not write
 393 .SM EOL
 394 codes at the start of each row of data),
 395 FAXMODE_BYTEALIGN
 396 (align each encoded row to an 8-bit boundary),
 397 FAXMODE_WORDALIGN
 398 (align each encoded row to an 16-bit boundary),
 399 The default value is dependent on the compression scheme; this
 400 pseudo-tag is used by the various G3 and G4 codecs to share code.
 401 .TP
 402 .B TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC
 403 Control the function used to convert arrays of black and white
 404 runs to packed bit arrays.
 405 This hook can be used to image decoded scanlines in multi-bit
 406 depth rasters (e.g. for display in colormap mode)
 407 or for other purposes.
 408 The default value is a pointer to a builtin function that images
 409 packed bilevel data.
 410 .TP
 411 .B TIFFTAG_IPTCNEWSPHOTO
 412 Tag contaings image metadata per the IPTC newsphoto spec: Headline,
 413 captioning, credit, etc... Used by most wire services.
 414 .TP
 415 .B TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
 416 Tag contains Photoshop captioning information and metadata. Photoshop
 417 uses in parallel and redundantly alongside IPTCNEWSPHOTO information.
 418 .TP
 419 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY
 420 Control the compression quality level used in the baseline algorithm.
 421 Note that quality levels are in the range 0-100 with a default value of 75.
 422 .TP
 423 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE
 424 Control whether or not conversion is done between
 425 RGB and YCbCr colorspaces.
 426 Possible values are:
 427 JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW
 428 (do not convert), and
 429 JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB
 430 (convert to/from RGB)
 431 The default value is JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW.
 432 .TP
 433 .B TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE
 434 Control the information written in the
 435 .I JPEGTables
 436 tag.
 437 Possible values (independent bits that can be combined by
 438 or'ing them together) are:
 439 JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT
 440 (include quantization tables),
 441 and
 442 JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF
 443 (include Huffman encoding tables).
 444 The default value is JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT|JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF.
 445 .TP
 446 .B TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY
 447 Control the compression technique used by the Deflate codec.
 448 Quality levels are in the range 1-9 with larger numbers yielding better
 449 compression at the cost of more computation.
 450 The default quality level is 6 which yields a good time-space tradeoff.
 451 .TP
 452 .B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT
 453 Control the format of user data passed
 454 .I in
 455 to the PixarLog codec when encoding and passed
 456 .I out
 457 from when decoding.
 458 Possible values are:
 459 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BIT
 460 for 8-bit unsigned pixels,
 461 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BITABGR
 462 for 8-bit unsigned ABGR-ordered pixels,
 463 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_11BITLOG
 464 for 11-bit log-encoded raw data,
 465 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_12BITPICIO
 466 for 12-bit PICIO-compatible data,
 467 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_16BIT
 468 for 16-bit signed samples,
 469 and
 470 PIXARLOGDATAFMT_FLOAT
 471 for 32-bit IEEE floating point samples.
 472 .TP
 473 .B TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY
 474 Control the compression technique used by the PixarLog codec.
 475 This value is treated identically to TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY; see the
 476 above description.
 477 .TP
 478 .B TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT
 479 Control the format of client data passed
 480 .I in
 481 to the SGILog codec when encoding and passed
 482 .I out
 483 from when decoding.
 484 Possible values are:
 485 SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTXYZ
 486 for converting between LogLuv and 32-bit IEEE floating valued XYZ pixels,
 487 SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITLUV
 488 for 16-bit encoded Luv pixels,
 489 SGILOGDATAFMT_32BITRAW and SGILOGDATAFMT_24BITRAW
 490 for no conversion of data,
 491 SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITRGB
 492 for returning 8-bit RGB data (valid only when decoding LogLuv-encoded data),
 493 SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTY
 494 for converting between LogL and 32-bit IEEE floating valued Y pixels,
 495 SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITL
 496 for 16-bit encoded L pixels,
 497 and
 498 SGILOGDATAFMT_8BITGRY
 499 for returning 8-bit greyscale data
 500 (valid only when decoding LogL-encoded data).
 501 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
 502 All error messages are directed through the
 503 .IR TIFFError
 504 routine.
 505 By default messages are directed to
 506 .B stderr
 507 in the form:
 508 .IR "module: message\en."
 509 Warning messages are likewise directed through the
 510 .IR TIFFWarning
 511 routine.
 512 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 513 .BR fax2tiff (1),
 514 .BR gif2tiff (1),
 515 .BR pal2rgb (1),
 516 .BR ppm2tiff (1),
 517 .BR rgb2ycbcr (1),
 518 .BR ras2tiff (1),
 519 .BR raw2tiff (1),
 520 .BR sgi2tiff (1),
 521 .BR tiff2bw (1),
 522 .BR tiffdither (1),
 523 .BR tiffdump (1),
 524 .BR tiffcp (1),
 525 .BR tiffcmp (1),
 526 .BR tiffgt (1),
 527 .BR tiffinfo (1),
 528 .BR tiffmedian (1),
 529 .BR tiffsplit (1),
 530 .BR tiffsv (1).
 531 .PP
 532 .BR "Tag Image File Format Specification \(em Revision 6.0" ,
 533 an Aldus Technical Memorandum.
 534 .PP
 535 .BR "The Spirit of TIFF Class F" ,
 536 an appendix to the TIFF 5.0 specification prepared by Cygnet Technologies.
 537 .PP
 538 Libtiff library home page:
 539 .BR http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/
 540 .SH BUGS
 541 The library does not support multi-sample images
 542 where some samples have different bits/sample.
 543 .PP
 544 The library does not support random access to compressed data
 545 that is organized with more than one row per tile or strip.