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2 <HTML>
3
4 <HEAD>
5 <TITLE>wxWindows 2 for Windows FAQ</TITLE>
6 </HEAD>
7
8 <BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF TEXT=#000000 VLINK="#00376A" LINK="#00529C" ALINK="#313063">
9
10 <font face="Arial, Lucida Sans, Helvetica">
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12 <table width=100% border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0>
13 <tr>
14 <td bgcolor="#004080" align=left height=24 background="images/bluetitlegradient.gif">
15 <font size=+1 face="Arial, Lucida Sans, Helvetica" color="#FFFFFF">
16 <b>wxWindows 2 for Windows FAQ</b>
17 </font>
18 </td>
19 </tr>
20 </table>
21
22 <P>
23
24 See also <a href="faq.htm">top-level FAQ page</a>.
25 <hr>
26 <h3>List of questions in this category</h3>
27 <ul>
28 <li><a href="#platforms">Which Windows platforms are supported?</a></li>
29 <li><a href="#wince">What about Windows CE?</a></li>
30 <li><a href="#winxp">What do I need to do for Windows XP?</a></li>
31 <li><a href="#compilers">What compilers are supported?</a></li>
32 <li><a href="#bestcompiler">Which is the best compiler to use with wxWindows 2?</a></li>
33 <li><a href="#unicode">Is Unicode supported?</a></li>
34 <li><a href="#doublebyte">Does wxWindows support double byte fonts (Chinese/Japanese/Korean etc.)?</a></li>
35 <li><a href="#dll">Can you compile wxWindows 2 as a DLL?</a></li>
36 <li><a href="#exesize">How can I reduce executable size?</a></li>
37 <li><a href="#mfc">Is wxWindows compatible with MFC?</a></li>
38 <li><a href="#setuph">Why do I get errors about setup.h not being found?</a></li>
39 <li><a href="#asuffix">Why do I get errors about FooBarA when I only use FooBar in my program?</a></li>
40 <li><a href="#newerrors">Why my code fails to compile with strange errors about new operator?</a></li>
41 <li><a href="#mfcport">How do I port MFC applications to wxWindows?</a></li>
42 <li><a href="#crash">Why do I sometimes get bizarre crash problems using VC++ 5/6?</a></li>
43 <li><a href="#makefiles">How are the wxWindows makefiles edited under Windows?</a></li>
44 <li><a href="#vcdebug">How do you use VC++&#39;s memory leak checking instead of that in wxWindows?</a></li>
45 <li><a href="#shortcutproblem">Why are menu hotkeys or shortcuts not working in my application?</a></li>
46 <li><a href="#regconfig">Why can I not write to the HKLM part of the registry with wxRegConfig?</a></li>
47 <li><a href="#access">Is MS Active Accessibility supported?</a></li>
48 </ul>
49 <hr>
50
51 <h3><a name="platforms">Which Windows platforms are supported?</a></h3>
52
53 wxWindows 2 can be used to develop and deliver applications on Windows 3.1, Win32s,
54 Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP. A Windows CE
55 version is being looked into (see below).<P>
56
57 wxWindows 2 is designed to make use of WIN32 features and controls. However, unlike Microsoft,
58 we have not forgotten users of 16-bit Windows. Most features
59 work under Windows 3.1, including wxTreeCtrl and wxListCtrl using the generic implementation.
60 However, don&#39;t expect very Windows-95-specific classes to work, such as wxTaskBarIcon. The wxRegConfig
61 class doesn&#39;t work either because the Windows 3.1 registry is very simplistic. Check out the 16-bit
62 makefiles to see what other files have been left out.
63 <P>
64 16-bit compilation is supported under Visual C++ 1.5, and Borland BC++ 4 to 5.
65 <P>
66
67 wxWindows 2 for Windows will also compile on Unix with gcc using Wine from <a href="http://www.winehq.org" target=_top>WineHQ</a>.
68 The resulting executables are Unix binaries that work with the Wine Windows API emulator.<P>
69
70 You can also compile wxWindows 2 for Windows on Unix with Cygwin or Mingw32, resulting
71 in executables that will run on Windows. So in theory you could write your applications
72 using wxGTK or wxMotif, then check/debug your wxWindows for Windows
73 programs with Wine, and finally produce an ix86 Windows executable using Cygwin/Mingw32,
74 without ever needing a copy of Microsoft Windows. See the Technical Note on the Web site detailing cross-compilation.<P>
75
76 <h3><a name="wince">What about Windows CE?</a></h3>
77
78 This is under consideration, though we need to get wxWindows Unicode-aware first.
79 There are other interesting issues, such as how to combine the menubar and toolbar APIs
80 as Windows CE requires. But there&#39;s no doubt that it will be possible, albeit
81 by mostly cutting down wxWindows 2 API functionality, and adding a few classes here
82 and there. Since wxWindows for 2 produces small binaries (less than 300K for
83 the statically-linked &#39;minimal&#39; sample), shoehorning wxWindows 2 into a Windows CE device&#39;s limited
84 storage should not be a problem.<P>
85
86 <h3><a name="winxp">What do I need to do for Windows XP?</a></h3>
87
88 In the same directory as you have your executable (e.g. foo.exe) you
89 put a file called foo.exe.manifest in which you have something like
90 the following:
91
92 <pre>
93 &lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?&gt;
94 &lt;assembly
95 xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"
96 manifestVersion="1.0"&gt;
97 &lt;assemblyIdentity
98 processorArchitecture="x86"
99 version="5.1.0.0"
100 type="win32"
101 name="foo.exe"/&gt;
102 &lt;description&gt;Foo program&lt;/description&gt;
103 &lt;dependency&gt;
104 &lt;dependentAssembly&gt;
105 &lt;assemblyIdentity
106 type="win32"
107 name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
108 version="6.0.0.0"
109 publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
110 language="*"
111 processorArchitecture="x86"/&gt;
112 &lt;/dependentAssembly&gt;
113 &lt;/dependency&gt;
114 &lt;/assembly&gt;
115 </pre>
116
117 If you want to add it to your application permanently,
118 you can also include it in your .rc file using this
119 line:<P>
120
121 <PRE>
122 1 24 "winxp.manifest"
123 </PRE>
124
125 In wxWindows 2.5, this will be in the wx/msw/wx.rc and
126 so will happen automatically so long as you include wx.rc
127 in your own .rc file.<P>
128
129 For an explanation of this syntax, please see
130 <a href="http://delphi.about.com/library/bluc/text/uc111601a.htm" target=_new>this
131 article</a>.
132 <P>
133
134 <h3><a name="compilers">What compilers are supported?</a></h3>
135
136 Please see the wxWindows 2 for Windows install.txt file for up-to-date information, but
137 currently the following are known to work:<P>
138
139 <ul>
140 <li>Visual C++ 1.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0
141 <li>Borland C++ 4.5, 5.0
142 <li>Borland C++Builder 1.0, 3.0
143 <li>Watcom C++ 10.6 (WIN32)
144 <li>Cygwin b20
145 <li>Mingw32
146 <li>MetroWerks CodeWarrior 4
147 </ul>
148 <P>
149
150 There is a linking problem with Symantec C++ which I hope someone can help solve.
151 <P>
152
153 <h3><a name="bestcompiler">Which is the best compiler to use with wxWindows 2?</a></h3>
154
155 It&#39;s partly a matter of taste, but I (JACS) prefer Visual C++ since the debugger is very
156 good, it&#39;s very stable, the documentation is extensive, and it generates small executables.
157 Since project files are plain text, it&#39;s easy for me to generate appropriate project files
158 for wxWindows samples.<P>
159
160 Borland C++ is fine - and very fast - but it&#39;s hard (impossible?) to use the debugger without using project files, and
161 the debugger is nowhere near up to VC++&#39;s quality. The IDE isn&#39;t great.<P>
162
163 C++Builder&#39;s power isn&#39;t really used with wxWindows since it needs integration with its
164 own class library (VCL). For wxWindows, I&#39;ve only used it with makefiles, in which case
165 it&#39;s almost identical to BC++ 5.0 (the same makefiles can be used).<P>
166
167 You can&#39;t beat Cygwin&#39;s price (free), and you can debug adequately using gdb. However, it&#39;s
168 quite slow to compile since it does not use precompiled headers.<P>
169
170 CodeWarrior is cross-platform - you can debug and generate Windows executables from a Mac, but not
171 the other way around I think - but the IDE is, to my mind, a bit primitive.<P>
172
173 Watcom C++ is a little slow and the debugger is not really up to today&#39;s standards.<P>
174
175 Among the free compilers the best choice seem to be Borland C++ command line
176 tools and mingw32 (port of gcc to Win32). Both of them are supported by
177 wxWindows.
178
179 <h3><a name="unicode">Is Unicode supported?</a></h3>
180
181 Yes, Unicode is fully supported under Windows NT/2000 (Windows 9x don&#39;t
182 have Unicode support anyhow).
183
184 <h3><a name="doublebyte">Does wxWindows support double byte fonts (Chinese/Japanese/Korean etc.)?</a></h3>
185
186 An answer from <a href="mailto:goedde@logosoft.de">Klaus Goedde</a>:<p>
187
188 "For Japanese under Win2000, it seems that wxWindows has no problems to work with double byte char sets
189 (I mean DBCS, that&#39;s not Unicode). First you have to install Japanese support on your Win2K system
190 and choose for ANSI translation
191 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\CodePage=932 (default is 1252 for Western).
192 Then you can see all the funny Japanese letters under wxWindows too.<P>
193
194 In a wxTextCtrl control you have to set the window style "wxTE_RICH", otherwise this control shows the wrong
195 letters.
196
197 I don&#39;t now whether it works on non W2K systems, because I&#39;m just starting using wxWindows."
198 <P>
199
200 <h3><a name="dll">Can you compile wxWindows 2 as a DLL?</a></h3>
201
202 Yes (using the Visual C++ or Borland C++ makefile), but be aware that distributing DLLs is a thorny issue
203 and you may be better off compiling statically-linked applications, unless you&#39;re
204 delivering a suite of separate programs, or you&#39;re compiling a lot of wxWindows applications
205 and have limited hard disk space.<P>
206
207 With a DLL approach, and with different versions and configurations of wxWindows
208 needing to be catered for, the end user may end up with a host of large DLLs in his or her Windows system directory,
209 negating the point of using DLLs. Of course, this is not a problem just associated with
210 wxWindows!
211 <P>
212
213 <h3><a name="exesize">How can I reduce executable size?</a></h3>
214
215 You can compile wxWindows as a DLL (see above, VC++/BC++ only at present). You should also
216 compile your programs for release using non-debugging and space-optimisation options, but
217 take with VC++ 5/6 space optimisation: it can sometimes cause problems.<P>
218
219 If you want to distribute really small executables, you can
220 use <a href="http://www.un4seen.com/petite/" target=_top>Petite</a>
221 by Ian Luck. This nifty utility compresses Windows executables by around 50%, so your 500KB executable
222 will shrink to a mere 250KB. With this sort of size, there is reduced incentive to
223 use DLLs. Another good compression tool (probably better than Petite) is <a href="http://upx.sourceforge.net/" target=_top>UPX</a>.
224 <P>
225
226 Please do not be surprised if MinGW produces a statically-linked minimal executable of 1 MB. Firstly, gcc
227 produces larger executables than some compilers. Secondly, this figure will
228 include most of the overhead of wxWindows, so as your application becomes more
229 complex, the overhead becomes proportionally less significant. And thirdly, trading executable compactness
230 for the enormous increase in productivity you get with wxWindows is almost always well worth it.<P>
231
232 If you have a really large executable compiled with MinGW (for example 20MB) then
233 you need to configure wxWindows to compile without debugging information: see
234 docs/msw/install.txt for details. You may find that using configure instead
235 of makefile.g95 is easier, particularly since you can maintain debug and
236 release versions of the library simultaneously, in different directories.
237 Also, run 'strip' after linking to remove all traces of debug info.
238 <P>
239
240 <H3><a name="mfc">Is wxWindows compatible with MFC?</a></H3>
241
242 There is a sample which demonstrates MFC and wxWindows code co-existing in the same
243 application. However, don&#39;t expect to be able to enable wxWindows windows with OLE-2
244 functionality using MFC.<P>
245
246 <H3><a name="setuph">Why do I get errors about setup.h not being found?</a></H3>
247
248 When you build the wxWindows library, setup.h is copied
249 from include/wx/msw/setup.h to e.g. lib/mswd/wx/setup.h (the path
250 depends on the configuration you're building). So you need to add
251 this include path if building using the static Debug library:<P>
252
253 lib/mswd<P>
254
255 or if building the static Release library, lib/msw.<P>
256
257 See also the <a href="http://wiki.wxwindows.org/wiki.pl?Table_Of_Contents">wxWiki Contents</a>
258 for more information.<P>
259
260
261 <H3><a name="asuffix">Why do I get errors about FooBarA when I only use FooBar in my program?</H3>
262
263 If you get errors like
264 <p>
265 <center>
266 <tt>no matching function for call to &#39;wxDC::DrawTextA(const char[5], int,
267 int)&#39;</tt>
268 </center>
269 <p>
270 or similar ones for the other functions, i.e. the compiler error messages
271 mention the function with the <tt>&#39;A&#39;</tt> suffix while you didn&#39;t
272 use it in your code, the explanation is that you had included
273 <tt>&#60;windows.h&#062;</tt> header which redefines many symbols to have such
274 suffix (or <tt>&#39;W&#39;</tt> in the Unicode builds).
275
276 <p>
277 The fix is to either not include <tt>&#60;windows.h&#62;</tt> at all or include
278 <tt>"wx/msw/winundef.h"</tt> immediately after it.
279
280 <H3><a name="newerrors">Why my code fails to compile with strange errors about new operator?</a></H3>
281
282 The most common cause of this problem is the memory debugging settings in
283 <tt>wx/msw/setup.h</tt>. You have several choices:
284
285 <ul>
286 <li> Either disable overloading the global operator new completely by
287 setting <tt>wxUSE_GLOBAL_MEMORY_OPERATORS</tt> and
288 <tt>wxUSE_DEBUG_NEW_ALWAYS</tt> to 0 in this file
289 <li> Or leave them on but do <tt>#undef new</tt> after including any
290 wxWindows headers, like this the memory debugging will be still on
291 for wxWindows sources but off for your own code
292 </ul>
293
294 Notice that IMHO the first solution is preferable for VC++ users who can use
295 the <a href="#vcdebug">VC++ CRT memory debugging features</a> instead.
296
297 <H3><a name="mfcport">How do I port MFC applications to wxWindows?</a></H3>
298
299 Set up your interface from scratch using wxWindows (especially <a href="http://www.robeling.de" target=_top>wxDesigner</a>
300 or <a href="http://www.anthemion.co.uk/dialogblocks/" target=_new>DialogBlocks</a> --
301 it&#39;ll save you a <i>lot</i> of time) and when you have a shell prepared, you can start
302 &#39;pouring in&#39; code from the MFC app, with appropriate
303 modifications. This is the approach I have used, and I found
304 it very satisfactory. A two-step process then - reproduce the bare
305 interface first, then wire it up afterwards. That way you deal
306 with each area of complexity separately. Don&#39;t try to think MFC
307 and wxWindows simultaneously from the beginning - it is easier to
308 reproduce the initial UI by looking at the behaviour of the MFC
309 app, not its code.
310
311 <H3><a name="crash">Why do I sometimes get bizarre crash problems using VC++ 5/6?</a></H3>
312
313 Some crash problems can be due to inconsistent compiler
314 options (and of course this isn&#39;t limited to wxWindows).
315 If strange/weird/impossible things start to happen please
316 check (dumping IDE project file as makefile and doing text comparison
317 if necessary) that the project settings, especially the list of defined
318 symbols, struct packing, etc. are exactly the same for all items in
319 the project. After this, delete everything (including PCH) and recompile.<P>
320
321 VC++ 5&#39;s optimization code seems to be broken and can
322 cause problems: this can be seen when deleting an object Dialog
323 Editor, in Release mode with optimizations on. If in doubt,
324 switch off optimisations, although this will result in much
325 larger executables. It seems possible that the library can be created with
326 strong optimization, so long as the application is not strongly
327 optimized. For example, in wxWindows project, set to &#39;Minimum
328 Size&#39;. In Dialog Editor project, set to &#39;Customize: Favor Small
329 Code&#39; (and no others). This will then work.<P>
330
331 <H3><a name="makefiles">How are the wxWindows makefiles edited under Windows?</a></H3>
332
333 As of wxWindows 2.1, there is a new system written by Vadim Zeitlin, that
334 generates the makefiles from templates using tmake.<P>
335
336 Here are Vadim&#39;s notes:<P>
337
338 <blockquote>
339 To use these new makefiles, you don&#39;t need anything (but see below).
340 However, you should NOT modify them because these files will be
341 rewritten when I regenerate them using tmake the next time. So, if
342 you find a problem with any of these makefiles (say, makefile.b32)
343 you&#39;ll need to modify the corresponding template (b32.t in this
344 example) and regenerate the makefile using tmake.<P>
345
346 tmake can be found at
347 <a href="http://www.troll.no/freebies/tmake.html" target=_new>www.troll.no/freebies/tmake.html</a>.
348 It&#39;s a Perl5 program and so it needs Perl (doh). There is a binary for
349 Windows (available from the same page), but I haven&#39;t used it, so
350 I don&#39;t know if it works as flawlessly as "perl tmake" does (note
351 for people knowing Perl: don&#39;t try to run tmake with -w, it won&#39;t
352 do you any good). Using it extremely simple: to regenerate makefile.b32
353 just go to distrib/msw/tmake and type<P>
354
355 <pre>tmake -t b32 wxwin.pro -o ../../src/msw/makefile.b32</pre><P>
356
357 The makefiles are untested - I don&#39;t have any of Borland, Watcom or
358 Symantec and I don&#39;t have enough diskspace to recompile even with
359 VC6 using makefiles. The new makefiles are as close as possible to the
360 old ones, but not closer: in fact, there has been many strange things
361 (should I say bugs?) in some of makefiles, some files were not compiled
362 without any reason etc. Please test them and notify me about any problems.
363 Better yet, modify the template files to generate the correct makefiles
364 and check them in.<P>
365
366 The templates are described in tmake ref manual (1-2 pages of text)
367 and are quite simple. They do contain some Perl code, but my Perl is
368 primitive (very C like) so it should be possible for anybody to make
369 trivial modifications to it (I hope that only trivial modifications
370 will be needed). I&#39;ve tagged the ol makefiles as MAKEFILES_WITHOUT_TMAKE
371 in the cvs, so you can always retrieve them and compare the new ones,
372 this will make it easier to solve the problems you might have.<P>
373
374 Another important file is filelist.txt: it contains the list of all
375 files to be compiled. Some of them are only compiled in 16/32 bit mode.
376 Some other are only compiled with some compilers (others can&#39;t compile
377 them) - all this info is contained in this file.<P>
378
379 So now adding a new file to wxWindows is as easy as modifying filelist.txt
380 (and Makefile.ams for Unix ports) and regenerating the makefiles - no
381 need to modify all files manually any more.<P>
382
383 Finally, there is also a file vc6.t which I use myself: this one
384 generates a project file for VC++ 6.0 (I didn&#39;t create vc5.t because
385 I don&#39;t need it and can&#39;t test it, but it should be trivial to create
386 one from vc6.t - probably the only things to change would be the
387 version number in the very beginning and the /Z option - VC5 doesn&#39;t
388 support edit-and=continue). This is not an officially supported way
389 of building wxWindows (that is, nobody guarantees that it will work),
390 but it has been very useful to me and I hope it will be also for
391 others. To generate wxWindows.dsp run<P>
392
393 <pre>tmake -t vc6 wxwin.pro -o ../../wxWindows.dsp</pre><P>
394
395 Then just include this project in any workspace or open it from VC IDE
396 and it will create a new workspace for you.<P>
397
398 If all goes well, I&#39;m planning to create a template file for Makefile.ams
399 under src/gtk and src/motif and also replace all makefiles in the samples
400 subdirectories with the project files from which all the others will be
401 generated. At least it will divide the number of files in samples
402 directory by 10 (and the number of files to be maintained too).
403 </blockquote>
404
405 <P>
406
407 <H3><a name="vcdebug">How do you use VC++&#39;s memory leak checking instead of that in wxWindows?</a></H3>
408
409 Vadim Zeitlin:
410
411 <pre>
412 On the VC++ level, it&#39;s just the matter of calling _CrtSetDbgFlag() in the very
413 beginning of the program. In wxWindows, this is done automatically when
414 compiling with VC++ in debug mode unless wxUSE_GLOBAL_MEMORY_OPERATORS or
415 __NO_VC_CRTDBG__ are defined - this check is done in wx/msw/msvcrt.h which
416 is included from app.cpp which then calls wxCrtSetDbgFlag() without any
417 ifdefs.
418
419 This works quite well: at the end of the program, all leaked blocks with their
420 malloc count are shown. This number (malloc count) can be used to determine
421 where exactly the object was allocated: for this it&#39;s enough to set the variable
422 _crtBreakAlloc (look in VC98\crt\srs\dbgheap.c line 326) to this number and
423 a breakpoint will be triggered when the block with this number is allocated.
424
425 For simple situations it works like a charm. For something more complicated
426 like reading uninitialized memory a specialized tool is probably better...
427
428 Regards,
429 VZ
430 </pre>
431
432 <P>
433
434 <H3><a name="shortcutproblem">Why are menu hotkeys or shortcuts not working in my application?</a></H3>
435
436 This can happen if you have a child window intercepting EVT_CHAR events and swallowing
437 all keyboard input. You should ensure that event.Skip() is called for all input that
438 isn&#39;used by the event handler.<P>
439
440 It can also happen if you append the submenu to the parent
441 menu {\it before} you have added your menu items. Do the append {\it after} adding
442 your items, or accelerators may not be registered properly.<P>
443
444 <H3><a name="#regconfig">Why can I not write to the HKLM part of the registry with wxRegConfig?</a></H3>
445
446 Currently this is not possible because the wxConfig family of classes is
447 supposed to deal with per-user application configuration data, and HKLM is
448 only supposed to be writeable by a user with Administrator privileges. In theory,
449 only installers should write to HKLM. This is still a point debated by the
450 wxWindows developers. There are at least two ways to work around it if you really
451 need to write to HKLM.<P>
452
453 First, you can use wxRegKey directly, for example:
454
455 <pre>
456 wxRegKey regKey;
457
458 wxString idName(wxT("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\My Company\\My Product\\Stuff\\"));
459 idName += packid;
460
461 regKey.SetName(idName);
462
463 {
464 wxLogNull dummy;
465 if (!regKey.Create())
466 {
467 idName = wxT("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\My Company\\My Product\\Stuff\\");
468 idName += packid;
469 regKey.SetName(idName);
470 if (!regKey.Create())
471 return FALSE;
472 }
473 }
474
475 if (!regKey.SetValue(wxT("THING"), (long) thing)) err += 1;
476
477 regKey.Close();
478
479 </pre>
480
481 Or, you can employ this trick suggested by Istvan Kovacs:
482
483 <pre>
484 class myGlobalConfig : public wxConfig
485 {
486 myGlobalConfig() :
487 wxConfig ("myApp", "myCompany", "", "", wxCONFIG_USE_GLOBAL_FILE)
488 {};
489 bool Write(const wxString& key, const wxString& value);
490 }
491
492 bool myGlobalConfig::Write (const wxString& key, const wxString& value)
493 {
494 wxString path = wxString ("SOFTWARE\\myCompany\\myApp\\") + wxPathOnly(key);
495 wxString new_path = path.Replace ("/", "\\", true);
496 wxString new_key = wxFileNameFromPath (key);
497 LocalKey().SetName (wxRegKey::HKLM, path);
498 return wxConfig::Write (new_key, value);
499 }
500 </pre>
501
502 <H3><a name="#access">Is MS Active Accessibility supported?</a></H3>
503
504 This is being worked on. Please see <a href="http://www.wxwindows.org/access.htm">this page</a>
505 for the current status.
506
507 <P>
508
509 </font>
510
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512
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