docs/doxygen/overviews/fontencoding.h

   1 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   2 // Name:        fontencoding.h
   3 // Purpose:     topic overview
   4 // Author:      wxWidgets team
   5 // RCS-ID:      $Id$
   6 // Licence:     wxWindows license
   7 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   8
   9 /**
  10
  11  @page overview_fontencoding Font Encodings
  12
  13  wxWidgets has support for multiple font encodings.
  14
  15  By encoding we mean here the mapping between the character codes and the
  16  letters. Probably the most well-known encoding is (7 bit) ASCII one which is
  17  used almost universally now to represent the letters of the English alphabet
  18  and some other common characters. However, it is not enough to represent the
  19  letters of foreign alphabets and here other encodings come into play. Please
  20  note that we will only discuss 8-bit fonts here and not Unicode
  21  (see @ref overview_unicode).
  22
  23  Font encoding support is ensured by several classes:
  24  wxFont itself, but also wxFontEnumerator and wxFontMapper. wxFont encoding
  25  support is reflected by a (new) constructor parameter @e encoding which takes
  26  one of the following values (elements of enumeration type @c wxFontEncoding):
  27
  28  @beginDefList
  29  @itemdef{wxFONTENCODING_SYSTEM,
  30           The default encoding of the underlying
  31           operating system (notice that this might be a "foreign" encoding for foreign
  32           versions of Windows 9x/NT).}
  33  @itemdef{wxFONTENCODING_DEFAULT,
  34           The applications default encoding as returned by wxFont::GetDefaultEncoding.
  35           On program startup, the applications default encoding is the same as
  36           wxFONTENCODING_SYSTEM, but may be changed to make all the fonts created later
  37           to use it (by default).}
  38  @itemdef{wxFONTENCODING_ISO8859_1..15,
  39           ISO8859 family encodings which are
  40           usually used by all non-Microsoft operating systems.}
  41  @itemdef{wxFONTENCODING_KOI8,
  42           Standard Cyrillic encoding for the Internet
  43           (but see also wxFONTENCODING_ISO8859_5 and wxFONTENCODING_CP1251).}
  44  @itemdef{wxFONTENCODING_CP1250, Microsoft analogue of ISO8859-2}
  45  @itemdef{wxFONTENCODING_CP1251, Microsoft analogue of ISO8859-5}
  46  @itemdef{wxFONTENCODING_CP1252, Microsoft analogue of ISO8859-1}
  47  @endDefList
  48
  49  As you may see, Microsoft's encoding partly mirror the standard ISO8859 ones,
  50  but there are (minor) differences even between ISO8859-1 (Latin1, ISO encoding
  51  for Western Europe) and CP1251 (WinLatin1, standard code page for English
  52  versions of Windows) and there are more of them for other encodings.
  53
  54  The situation is particularly complicated with Cyrillic encodings for which
  55  (more than) three incompatible encodings exist: KOI8 (the old standard, widely
  56  used on the Internet), ISO8859-5 (ISO standard for Cyrillic) and CP1251
  57  (WinCyrillic).
  58
  59  This abundance of (incompatible) encodings should make it clear that using
  60  encodings is less easy than it might seem. The problems arise both from the
  61  fact that the standard encodings for the given language (say Russian, which is
  62  written in Cyrillic) are different on different platforms and because the
  63  fonts in the given encoding might just not be installed (this is especially a
  64  problem with Unix, or, in general, non-Win32 systems).
  65
  66  To clarify, the wxFontEnumerator
  67  class may be used to enumerate both all available encodings and to find the
  68  facename(s) in which the given encoding exists. If you can find the font in
  69  the correct encoding with wxFontEnumerator then your troubles are over, but,
  70  unfortunately, sometimes this is not enough. For example, there is no standard
  71  way (that I know of, please tell me if you do!) to find a font on a Windows system
  72  for KOI8 encoding (only for WinCyrillic one which is quite different), so
  73  wxFontEnumerator will never return one, even if the user has installed a KOI8
  74  font on his system.
  75
  76  To solve this problem, a wxFontMapper class is provided.
  77
  78  This class stores the mapping between the encodings and the font face
  79  names which support them in wxConfig object. Of
  80  course, it would be fairly useless if it tried to determine these mappings by
  81  itself, so, instead, it (optionally) asks the user and remembers his answers
  82  so that the next time the program will automatically choose the correct font.
  83  All these topics are illustrated by the @ref page_utils_samples_font;
  84  please refer to it and the documentation of the classes mentioned here for
  85  further explanations.
  86
  87 */
  88