src/diskstore.c

   1 /* diskstore.c implements a very simple disk backed key-value store used
   2  * by Redis for the "disk" backend. This implementation uses the filesystem
   3  * to store key/value pairs. Every file represents a given key.
   4  *
   5  * The key path is calculated using the SHA1 of the key name. For instance
   6  * the key "foo" is stored as a file name called:
   7  *
   8  *  /0b/ee/0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33
   9  *
  10  * The couples of characters from the hex output of SHA1 are also used
  11  * to locate two two levels of directories to store the file (as most
  12  * filesystems are not able to handle too many files in a single dir).
  13  *
  14  * In the end there are 65536 final directories (256 directories inside
  15  * every 256 top level directories), so that with 1 billion of files every
  16  * directory will contain in the average 15258 entires, that is ok with
  17  * most filesystems implementation.
  18  *
  19  * Note that since Redis supports multiple databases, the actual key name
  20  * is:
  21  *
  22  *  /0b/ee/<dbid>_0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33
  23  *
  24  *  so for instance if the key is inside DB 0:
  25  *
  26  *  /0b/ee/0_0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33
  27  *
  28  * The actaul implementation of this disk store is highly dependant to the
  29  * filesystem implementation itself. This implementation may be replaced by
  30  * a B+TREE implementation in future implementations.
  31  *
  32  * Data ok every key is serialized using the same format used for .rdb
  33  * serialization. Everything is serialized on every entry: key name,
  34  * ttl information in case of keys with an associated expire time, and the
  35  * serialized value itself.
  36  *
  37  * Because the format is the same of the .rdb files it is trivial to create
  38  * an .rdb file starting from this format just by mean of scanning the
  39  * directories and concatenating entries, with the sole addition of an
  40  * .rdb header at the start and the end-of-db opcode at the end.
  41  *
  42  * -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  43  *
  44  * Copyright (c) 2010-2011, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
  45  * All rights reserved.
  46  *
  47  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  48  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  49  *
  50  *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  51  *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  52  *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  53  *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  54  *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  55  *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
  56  *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
  57  *     specific prior written permission.
  58  *
  59  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
  60  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  61  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  62  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
  63  * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
  64  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
  65  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
  66  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
  67  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
  68  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
  69  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  70  */
  71
  72 #include "redis.h"
  73 #include "sha1.h"
  74
  75 #include <fcntl.h>
  76 #include <sys/stat.h>
  77 #include <dirent.h>
  78
  79 int create256dir(char *prefix) {
  80     char buf[1024];
  81     int j;
  82
  83     for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
  84         snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%s%02x",prefix,j);
  85         if (mkdir(buf,0755) == -1) {
  86             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error creating dir %s for diskstore: %s",
  87                 buf,strerror(errno));
  88             return REDIS_ERR;
  89         }
  90     }
  91     return REDIS_OK;
  92 }
  93
  94 int dsOpen(void) {
  95     struct stat sb;
  96     int retval, j;
  97     char *path = server.ds_path;
  98     char buf[1024];
  99
 100     if ((retval = stat(path,&sb) == -1) && errno != ENOENT) {
 101         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Error opening disk store at %s: %s",
 102                 path, strerror(errno));
 103         return REDIS_ERR;
 104     }
 105
 106     /* Directory already in place. Assume everything is ok. */
 107     if (retval == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
 108         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Disk store %s exists", path);
 109         return REDIS_OK;
 110     }
 111
 112     /* File exists but it's not a directory */
 113     if (retval == 0 && !S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
 114         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Disk store at %s is not a directory", path);
 115         return REDIS_ERR;
 116     }
 117
 118     /* New disk store, create the directory structure now, as creating
 119      * them in a lazy way is not a good idea, after very few insertions
 120      * we'll need most of the 65536 directories anyway. */
 121     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Disk store %s does not exist: creating", path);
 122     if (mkdir(path,0755) == -1) {
 123         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Disk store init failed creating dir %s: %s",
 124             path, strerror(errno));
 125         return REDIS_ERR;
 126     }
 127     /* Create the top level 256 directories */
 128     snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%s/",path);
 129     if (create256dir(buf) == REDIS_ERR) return REDIS_ERR;
 130
 131     /* For every 256 top level dir, create 256 nested dirs */
 132     for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
 133         snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%s/%02x/",path,j);
 134         if (create256dir(buf) == REDIS_ERR) return REDIS_ERR;
 135     }
 136     return REDIS_OK;
 137 }
 138
 139 int dsClose(void) {
 140     return REDIS_OK;
 141 }
 142
 143 /* Convert key into full path for this object. Dirty but hopefully
 144  * is fast enough. Returns the length of the returned path. */
 145 int dsKeyToPath(redisDb *db, char *buf, robj *key) {
 146     SHA1_CTX ctx;
 147     unsigned char hash[20];
 148     char hex[40], digits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
 149     int j, l;
 150     char *origbuf = buf;
 151
 152     SHA1Init(&ctx);
 153     SHA1Update(&ctx,key->ptr,sdslen(key->ptr));
 154     SHA1Final(hash,&ctx);
 155
 156     /* Convert the hash into hex format */
 157     for (j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
 158         hex[j*2] = digits[(hash[j]&0xF0)>>4];
 159         hex[(j*2)+1] = digits[hash[j]&0x0F];
 160     }
 161
 162     /* Create the object path. Start with server.ds_path that's the root dir */
 163     l = sdslen(server.ds_path);
 164     memcpy(buf,server.ds_path,l);
 165     buf += l;
 166     *buf++ = '/';
 167
 168     /* Then add xx/yy/ that is the two level directories */
 169     buf[0] = hex[0];
 170     buf[1] = hex[1];
 171     buf[2] = '/';
 172     buf[3] = hex[2];
 173     buf[4] = hex[3];
 174     buf[5] = '/';
 175     buf += 6;
 176
 177     /* Add the database number followed by _ and finall the SHA1 hex */
 178     l = ll2string(buf,64,db->id);
 179     buf += l;
 180     buf[0] = '_';
 181     memcpy(buf+1,hex,40);
 182     buf[41] = '\0';
 183     return (buf-origbuf)+41;
 184 }
 185
 186 int dsSet(redisDb *db, robj *key, robj *val, time_t expire) {
 187     char buf[1024], buf2[1024];
 188     FILE *fp;
 189     int retval, len;
 190
 191     len = dsKeyToPath(db,buf,key);
 192     memcpy(buf2,buf,len);
 193     snprintf(buf2+len,sizeof(buf2)-len,"-%ld-%ld",(long)time(NULL),(long)val);
 194     while ((fp = fopen(buf2,"w")) == NULL) {
 195         if (errno == ENOSPC) {
 196             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Diskstore: No space left on device. Please make room and wait 30 seconds for Redis to continue.");
 197             sleep(30);
 198         } else {
 199             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"diskstore error opening %s: %s",
 200                 buf2, strerror(errno));
 201             redisPanic("Unrecoverable diskstore error. Exiting.");
 202         }
 203     }
 204     if ((retval = rdbSaveKeyValuePair(fp,key,val,expire,time(NULL))) == -1)
 205         return REDIS_ERR;
 206     fclose(fp);
 207     if (retval == 0) {
 208         /* Expired key. Unlink failing not critical */
 209         unlink(buf);
 210         unlink(buf2);
 211     } else {
 212         /* Use rename for atomic updadte of value */
 213         if (rename(buf2,buf) == -1) {
 214             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"rename(2) returned an error: %s",
 215                 strerror(errno));
 216             redisPanic("Unrecoverable diskstore error. Exiting.");
 217         }
 218     }
 219     return REDIS_OK;
 220 }
 221
 222 robj *dsGet(redisDb *db, robj *key, time_t *expire) {
 223     char buf[1024];
 224     int type;
 225     time_t expiretime = -1; /* -1 means: no expire */
 226     robj *dskey; /* Key as loaded from disk. */
 227     robj *val;
 228     FILE *fp;
 229
 230     dsKeyToPath(db,buf,key);
 231     fp = fopen(buf,"r");
 232     if (fp == NULL && errno == ENOENT) return NULL; /* No such key */
 233     if (fp == NULL) {
 234         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Disk store failed opening %s: %s",
 235             buf, strerror(errno));
 236         goto readerr;
 237     }
 238
 239     if ((type = rdbLoadType(fp)) == -1) goto readerr;
 240     if (type == REDIS_EXPIRETIME) {
 241         if ((expiretime = rdbLoadTime(fp)) == -1) goto readerr;
 242         /* We read the time so we need to read the object type again */
 243         if ((type = rdbLoadType(fp)) == -1) goto readerr;
 244     }
 245     /* Read key */
 246     if ((dskey = rdbLoadStringObject(fp)) == NULL) goto readerr;
 247     /* Read value */
 248     if ((val = rdbLoadObject(type,fp)) == NULL) goto readerr;
 249     fclose(fp);
 250
 251     /* The key we asked, and the key returned, must be the same */
 252     redisAssert(equalStringObjects(key,dskey));
 253
 254     /* Check if the key already expired */
 255     decrRefCount(dskey);
 256     if (expiretime != -1 && expiretime < time(NULL)) {
 257         decrRefCount(val);
 258         unlink(buf); /* This failing is non critical here */
 259         return NULL;
 260     }
 261
 262     /* Everything ok... */
 263     *expire = expiretime;
 264     return val;
 265
 266 readerr:
 267     redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Read error reading reading %s. Corrupted key?",
 268         buf);
 269     redisPanic("Unrecoverable error reading from disk store");
 270     return NULL; /* unreached */
 271 }
 272
 273 int dsDel(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 274     char buf[1024];
 275
 276     dsKeyToPath(db,buf,key);
 277     if (unlink(buf) == -1) {
 278         if (errno == ENOENT) {
 279             return REDIS_ERR;
 280         } else {
 281             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Disk store can't remove %s: %s",
 282                 buf, strerror(errno));
 283             redisPanic("Unrecoverable Disk store errore. Existing.");
 284             return REDIS_ERR; /* unreached */
 285         }
 286     } else {
 287         return REDIS_OK;
 288     }
 289 }
 290
 291 int dsExists(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 292     char buf[1024];
 293
 294     dsKeyToPath(db,buf,key);
 295     return access(buf,R_OK) == 0;
 296 }
 297
 298 int dsGetDbidFromFilename(char *path) {
 299     char id[64];
 300     char *p = strchr(path,'_');
 301     int len = (p - path);
 302
 303     redisAssert(p != NULL && len < 64);
 304     memcpy(id,path,len);
 305     id[len] = '\0';
 306     return atoi(id);
 307 }
 308
 309 void dsFlushOneDir(char *path, int dbid) {
 310     DIR *dir;
 311     struct dirent *dp, de;
 312
 313     dir = opendir(path);
 314     if (dir == NULL) {
 315         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Disk store can't open dir %s: %s",
 316             path, strerror(errno));
 317         redisPanic("Unrecoverable Disk store errore. Existing.");
 318     }
 319     while(1) {
 320         char buf[1024];
 321
 322         readdir_r(dir,&de,&dp);
 323         if (dp == NULL) break;
 324         if (dp->d_name[0] == '.') continue;
 325
 326         /* Check if we need to remove this entry accordingly to the
 327          * DB number. */
 328         if (dbid != -1 && dsGetDbidFromFilename(dp->d_name)) continue;
 329
 330         /* Finally unlink the file */
 331         snprintf(buf,1024,"%s/%s",path,dp->d_name);
 332         if (unlink(buf) == -1) {
 333             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
 334                 "Can't unlink %s: %s", buf, strerror(errno));
 335             redisPanic("Unrecoverable Disk store errore. Existing.");
 336         }
 337     }
 338     closedir(dir);
 339 }
 340
 341 void dsFlushDb(int dbid) {
 342     char buf[1024];
 343     int j, i;
 344
 345     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Flushing diskstore DB (%d)",dbid);
 346     for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
 347         for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
 348             snprintf(buf,1024,"%s/%02x/%02x",server.ds_path,j,i);
 349             dsFlushOneDir(buf,dbid);
 350         }
 351     }
 352 }
 353
 354 void dsRdbSaveSetState(int state) {
 355     pthread_mutex_lock(&server.bgsavethread_mutex);
 356     server.bgsavethread_state = state;
 357     pthread_mutex_unlock(&server.bgsavethread_mutex);
 358 }
 359
 360 void *dsRdbSave_thread(void *arg) {
 361     char tmpfile[256], *filename = (char*)arg;
 362     struct dirent *dp, de;
 363     int j, i, last_dbid = -1;
 364     FILE *fp;
 365
 366     /* Change state to ACTIVE, to signal there is a saving thead working. */
 367     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Diskstore BGSAVE thread started");
 368     dsRdbSaveSetState(REDIS_BGSAVE_THREAD_ACTIVE);
 369
 370     snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-%d.rdb", (int) getpid());
 371     fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w");
 372     if (!fp) {
 373         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Failed opening .rdb for saving: %s",
 374             strerror(errno));
 375         dsRdbSaveSetState(REDIS_BGSAVE_THREAD_DONE_ERR);
 376         return NULL;
 377     }
 378     if (fwrite("REDIS0001",9,1,fp) == 0) goto werr;
 379
 380     sleep(5);
 381
 382     /* Scan all diskstore dirs looking for keys */
 383     for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
 384         for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
 385             DIR *dir;
 386             char buf[1024];
 387
 388             /* For every directory, collect all the keys */
 389             snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%s/%02x/%02x",server.ds_path,j,i);
 390             if ((dir = opendir(buf)) == NULL) {
 391                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Disk store can't open dir %s: %s",
 392                     buf, strerror(errno));
 393                 goto werr;
 394             }
 395
 396             while(1) {
 397                 char buf[1024];
 398                 int dbid;
 399                 FILE *entryfp;
 400
 401                 readdir_r(dir,&de,&dp);
 402                 if (dp == NULL) break;
 403                 if (dp->d_name[0] == '.') continue;
 404                 /* If there is a '-' char in the file name, it's a temp file */
 405                 if (strchr(dp->d_name,'-') != NULL) continue;
 406
 407                 /* Emit the SELECT DB opcode if needed. */
 408                 dbid = dsGetDbidFromFilename(dp->d_name);
 409                 if (dbid != last_dbid) {
 410                     last_dbid = dbid;
 411                     if (rdbSaveType(fp,REDIS_SELECTDB) == -1) goto werr;
 412                     if (rdbSaveLen(fp,dbid) == -1) goto werr;
 413                 }
 414
 415                 /* Let's copy this file into the target .rdb */
 416                 snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%s/%02x/%02x/%s",
 417                     server.ds_path,j,i,dp->d_name);
 418                 if ((entryfp = fopen(buf,"r")) == NULL) {
 419                     redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't open %s: %s",
 420                         buf,strerror(errno));
 421                     closedir(dir);
 422                     goto werr;
 423                 }
 424                 while(1) {
 425                     int nread = fread(buf,1,sizeof(buf),entryfp);
 426
 427                     if (nread == 0) {
 428                         if (ferror(entryfp)) {
 429                             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error reading from file entry while performing BGSAVE for diskstore: %s", strerror(errno));
 430                             closedir(dir);
 431                             goto werr;
 432                         } else {
 433                             break;
 434                         }
 435                     }
 436                     if (fwrite(buf,1,nread,fp) != (unsigned)nread) {
 437                         closedir(dir);
 438                         goto werr;
 439                     }
 440                 }
 441                 fclose(entryfp);
 442             }
 443             closedir(dir);
 444         }
 445     }
 446
 447     /* Output the end of file opcode */
 448     if (rdbSaveType(fp,REDIS_EOF) == -1) goto werr;
 449
 450     /* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */
 451     fflush(fp);
 452     fsync(fileno(fp));
 453     fclose(fp);
 454     zfree(filename);
 455
 456     /* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only
 457      * if the generate DB file is ok. */
 458     if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) {
 459         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp DB file on the final destination: %s (diskstore)", strerror(errno));
 460         unlink(tmpfile);
 461         dsRdbSaveSetState(REDIS_BGSAVE_THREAD_DONE_ERR);
 462         return NULL;
 463     }
 464     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB saved on disk by diskstore thread");
 465     dsRdbSaveSetState(REDIS_BGSAVE_THREAD_DONE_OK);
 466     return NULL;
 467
 468 werr:
 469     zfree(filename);
 470     fclose(fp);
 471     unlink(tmpfile);
 472     dsRdbSaveSetState(REDIS_BGSAVE_THREAD_DONE_ERR);
 473     redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error saving DB on disk: %s", strerror(errno));
 474     return NULL;
 475 }
 476
 477 int dsRdbSaveBackground(char *filename) {
 478     pthread_t thread;
 479
 480     if (pthread_create(&thread,NULL,dsRdbSave_thread,zstrdup(filename)) != 0) {
 481         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't create diskstore BGSAVE thread: %s",
 482             strerror(errno));
 483         return REDIS_ERR;
 484     } else {
 485         server.bgsavethread = thread;
 486         return REDIS_OK;
 487     }
 488 }
 489
 490 int dsRdbSave(char *filename) {
 491     /* A blocking save is actually a non blocking save... just we wait
 492      * for it to terminate in a non-busy loop. */
 493
 494     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Starting a blocking SAVE (BGSAVE + blocking wait)");
 495     server.dirty_before_bgsave = server.dirty;
 496     if (dsRdbSaveBackground(filename) == REDIS_ERR) return REDIS_ERR;
 497     while(1) {
 498         usleep(1000);
 499         int state;
 500
 501         pthread_mutex_lock(&server.bgsavethread_mutex);
 502         state = server.bgsavethread_state;
 503         pthread_mutex_unlock(&server.bgsavethread_mutex);
 504
 505         if (state == REDIS_BGSAVE_THREAD_DONE_OK ||
 506             state == REDIS_BGSAVE_THREAD_DONE_ERR) break;
 507     }
 508     return REDIS_OK;
 509 }