ldid.cpp

   1 /* ldid - (Mach-O) Link-Loader Identity Editor
   2  * Copyright (C) 2007-2012  Jay Freeman (saurik)
   3 */
   4
   5 /* GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
   6 /* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8  * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   9  * (at your option) any later version.
  10  *
  11  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17  * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  18 **/
  19 /* }}} */
  20
  21 #include "minimal/stdlib.h"
  22 #include "minimal/string.h"
  23 #include "minimal/mapping.h"
  24
  25 #include "sha1.h"
  26
  27 #include <cstring>
  28 #include <string>
  29 #include <vector>
  30
  31 #include <sys/wait.h>
  32 #include <sys/types.h>
  33 #include <sys/stat.h>
  34
  35 struct fat_header {
  36     uint32_t magic;
  37     uint32_t nfat_arch;
  38 } _packed;
  39
  40 #define FAT_MAGIC 0xcafebabe
  41 #define FAT_CIGAM 0xbebafeca
  42
  43 struct fat_arch {
  44     uint32_t cputype;
  45     uint32_t cpusubtype;
  46     uint32_t offset;
  47     uint32_t size;
  48     uint32_t align;
  49 } _packed;
  50
  51 struct mach_header {
  52     uint32_t magic;
  53     uint32_t cputype;
  54     uint32_t cpusubtype;
  55     uint32_t filetype;
  56     uint32_t ncmds;
  57     uint32_t sizeofcmds;
  58     uint32_t flags;
  59 } _packed;
  60
  61 #define MH_MAGIC 0xfeedface
  62 #define MH_CIGAM 0xcefaedfe
  63
  64 #define MH_MAGIC_64 0xfeedfacf
  65 #define MH_CIGAM_64 0xcffaedfe
  66
  67 #define MH_DYLDLINK   0x4
  68
  69 #define MH_EXECUTE    0x2
  70 #define MH_DYLIB      0x6
  71 #define MH_BUNDLE     0x8
  72 #define MH_DYLIB_STUB 0x9
  73
  74 struct load_command {
  75     uint32_t cmd;
  76     uint32_t cmdsize;
  77 } _packed;
  78
  79 #define LC_REQ_DYLD           uint32_t(0x80000000)
  80
  81 #define LC_SEGMENT            uint32_t(0x01)
  82 #define LC_SYMTAB             uint32_t(0x02)
  83 #define LC_DYSYMTAB           uint32_t(0x0b)
  84 #define LC_LOAD_DYLIB         uint32_t(0x0c)
  85 #define LC_ID_DYLIB           uint32_t(0x0d)
  86 #define LC_SEGMENT_64         uint32_t(0x19)
  87 #define LC_UUID               uint32_t(0x1b)
  88 #define LC_CODE_SIGNATURE     uint32_t(0x1d)
  89 #define LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO uint32_t(0x1e)
  90 #define LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB     uint32_t(0x1f | LC_REQ_DYLD)
  91 #define LC_DYLD_INFO          uint32_t(0x22)
  92 #define LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY     uint32_t(0x22 | LC_REQ_DYLD)
  93
  94 struct dylib {
  95     uint32_t name;
  96     uint32_t timestamp;
  97     uint32_t current_version;
  98     uint32_t compatibility_version;
  99 } _packed;
 100
 101 struct dylib_command {
 102     uint32_t cmd;
 103     uint32_t cmdsize;
 104     struct dylib dylib;
 105 } _packed;
 106
 107 struct uuid_command {
 108     uint32_t cmd;
 109     uint32_t cmdsize;
 110     uint8_t uuid[16];
 111 } _packed;
 112
 113 struct symtab_command {
 114     uint32_t cmd;
 115     uint32_t cmdsize;
 116     uint32_t symoff;
 117     uint32_t nsyms;
 118     uint32_t stroff;
 119     uint32_t strsize;
 120 } _packed;
 121
 122 struct dyld_info_command {
 123     uint32_t cmd;
 124     uint32_t cmdsize;
 125     uint32_t rebase_off;
 126     uint32_t rebase_size;
 127     uint32_t bind_off;
 128     uint32_t bind_size;
 129     uint32_t weak_bind_off;
 130     uint32_t weak_bind_size;
 131     uint32_t lazy_bind_off;
 132     uint32_t lazy_bind_size;
 133     uint32_t export_off;
 134     uint32_t export_size;
 135 } _packed;
 136
 137 struct dysymtab_command {
 138     uint32_t cmd;
 139     uint32_t cmdsize;
 140     uint32_t ilocalsym;
 141     uint32_t nlocalsym;
 142     uint32_t iextdefsym;
 143     uint32_t nextdefsym;
 144     uint32_t iundefsym;
 145     uint32_t nundefsym;
 146     uint32_t tocoff;
 147     uint32_t ntoc;
 148     uint32_t modtaboff;
 149     uint32_t nmodtab;
 150     uint32_t extrefsymoff;
 151     uint32_t nextrefsyms;
 152     uint32_t indirectsymoff;
 153     uint32_t nindirectsyms;
 154     uint32_t extreloff;
 155     uint32_t nextrel;
 156     uint32_t locreloff;
 157     uint32_t nlocrel;
 158 } _packed;
 159
 160 struct dylib_table_of_contents {
 161     uint32_t symbol_index;
 162     uint32_t module_index;
 163 } _packed;
 164
 165 struct dylib_module {
 166     uint32_t module_name;
 167     uint32_t iextdefsym;
 168     uint32_t nextdefsym;
 169     uint32_t irefsym;
 170     uint32_t nrefsym;
 171     uint32_t ilocalsym;
 172     uint32_t nlocalsym;
 173     uint32_t iextrel;
 174     uint32_t nextrel;
 175     uint32_t iinit_iterm;
 176     uint32_t ninit_nterm;
 177     uint32_t objc_module_info_addr;
 178     uint32_t objc_module_info_size;
 179 } _packed;
 180
 181 struct dylib_reference {
 182     uint32_t isym:24;
 183     uint32_t flags:8;
 184 } _packed;
 185
 186 struct relocation_info {
 187     int32_t r_address;
 188     uint32_t r_symbolnum:24;
 189     uint32_t r_pcrel:1;
 190     uint32_t r_length:2;
 191     uint32_t r_extern:1;
 192     uint32_t r_type:4;
 193 } _packed;
 194
 195 struct nlist {
 196     union {
 197         char *n_name;
 198         int32_t n_strx;
 199     } n_un;
 200
 201     uint8_t n_type;
 202     uint8_t n_sect;
 203     uint8_t n_desc;
 204     uint32_t n_value;
 205 } _packed;
 206
 207 struct segment_command {
 208     uint32_t cmd;
 209     uint32_t cmdsize;
 210     char segname[16];
 211     uint32_t vmaddr;
 212     uint32_t vmsize;
 213     uint32_t fileoff;
 214     uint32_t filesize;
 215     uint32_t maxprot;
 216     uint32_t initprot;
 217     uint32_t nsects;
 218     uint32_t flags;
 219 } _packed;
 220
 221 struct segment_command_64 {
 222     uint32_t cmd;
 223     uint32_t cmdsize;
 224     char segname[16];
 225     uint64_t vmaddr;
 226     uint64_t vmsize;
 227     uint64_t fileoff;
 228     uint64_t filesize;
 229     uint32_t maxprot;
 230     uint32_t initprot;
 231     uint32_t nsects;
 232     uint32_t flags;
 233 } _packed;
 234
 235 struct section {
 236     char sectname[16];
 237     char segname[16];
 238     uint32_t addr;
 239     uint32_t size;
 240     uint32_t offset;
 241     uint32_t align;
 242     uint32_t reloff;
 243     uint32_t nreloc;
 244     uint32_t flags;
 245     uint32_t reserved1;
 246     uint32_t reserved2;
 247 } _packed;
 248
 249 struct section_64 {
 250     char sectname[16];
 251     char segname[16];
 252     uint64_t addr;
 253     uint64_t size;
 254     uint32_t offset;
 255     uint32_t align;
 256     uint32_t reloff;
 257     uint32_t nreloc;
 258     uint32_t flags;
 259     uint32_t reserved1;
 260     uint32_t reserved2;
 261 } _packed;
 262
 263 struct linkedit_data_command {
 264     uint32_t cmd;
 265     uint32_t cmdsize;
 266     uint32_t dataoff;
 267     uint32_t datasize;
 268 } _packed;
 269
 270 uint16_t Swap_(uint16_t value) {
 271     return
 272         ((value >>  8) & 0x00ff) |
 273         ((value <<  8) & 0xff00);
 274 }
 275
 276 uint32_t Swap_(uint32_t value) {
 277     value = ((value >>  8) & 0x00ff00ff) |
 278             ((value <<  8) & 0xff00ff00);
 279     value = ((value >> 16) & 0x0000ffff) |
 280             ((value << 16) & 0xffff0000);
 281     return value;
 282 }
 283
 284 int16_t Swap_(int16_t value) {
 285     return Swap_(static_cast<uint16_t>(value));
 286 }
 287
 288 int32_t Swap_(int32_t value) {
 289     return Swap_(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
 290 }
 291
 292 bool little_(true);
 293
 294 uint16_t Swap(uint16_t value) {
 295     return little_ ? Swap_(value) : value;
 296 }
 297
 298 uint32_t Swap(uint32_t value) {
 299     return little_ ? Swap_(value) : value;
 300 }
 301
 302 int16_t Swap(int16_t value) {
 303     return Swap(static_cast<uint16_t>(value));
 304 }
 305
 306 int32_t Swap(int32_t value) {
 307     return Swap(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
 308 }
 309
 310 template <typename Target_>
 311 class Pointer;
 312
 313 class Data {
 314   private:
 315     void *base_;
 316     size_t size_;
 317
 318   protected:
 319     bool swapped_;
 320
 321   public:
 322     Data(void *base, size_t size) :
 323         base_(base),
 324         size_(size),
 325         swapped_(false)
 326     {
 327     }
 328
 329     uint16_t Swap(uint16_t value) const {
 330         return swapped_ ? Swap_(value) : value;
 331     }
 332
 333     uint32_t Swap(uint32_t value) const {
 334         return swapped_ ? Swap_(value) : value;
 335     }
 336
 337     int16_t Swap(int16_t value) const {
 338         return Swap(static_cast<uint16_t>(value));
 339     }
 340
 341     int32_t Swap(int32_t value) const {
 342         return Swap(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
 343     }
 344
 345     void *GetBase() const {
 346         return base_;
 347     }
 348
 349     size_t GetSize() const {
 350         return size_;
 351     }
 352 };
 353
 354 class MachHeader :
 355     public Data
 356 {
 357   private:
 358     bool bits64_;
 359
 360     struct mach_header *mach_header_;
 361     struct load_command *load_command_;
 362
 363   public:
 364     MachHeader(void *base, size_t size) :
 365         Data(base, size)
 366     {
 367         mach_header_ = (mach_header *) base;
 368
 369         switch (Swap(mach_header_->magic)) {
 370             case MH_CIGAM:
 371                 swapped_ = !swapped_;
 372             case MH_MAGIC:
 373                 bits64_ = false;
 374             break;
 375
 376             case MH_CIGAM_64:
 377                 swapped_ = !swapped_;
 378             case MH_MAGIC_64:
 379                 bits64_ = true;
 380             break;
 381
 382             default:
 383                 _assert(false);
 384         }
 385
 386         void *post = mach_header_ + 1;
 387         if (bits64_)
 388             post = (uint32_t *) post + 1;
 389         load_command_ = (struct load_command *) post;
 390
 391         _assert(
 392             Swap(mach_header_->filetype) == MH_EXECUTE ||
 393             Swap(mach_header_->filetype) == MH_DYLIB ||
 394             Swap(mach_header_->filetype) == MH_BUNDLE
 395         );
 396     }
 397
 398     struct mach_header *operator ->() const {
 399         return mach_header_;
 400     }
 401
 402     uint32_t GetCPUType() const {
 403         return Swap(mach_header_->cputype);
 404     }
 405
 406     uint16_t GetCPUSubtype() const {
 407         return Swap(mach_header_->cpusubtype) & 0xff;
 408     }
 409
 410     std::vector<struct load_command *> GetLoadCommands() const {
 411         std::vector<struct load_command *> load_commands;
 412
 413         struct load_command *load_command = load_command_;
 414         for (uint32_t cmd = 0; cmd != Swap(mach_header_->ncmds); ++cmd) {
 415             load_commands.push_back(load_command);
 416             load_command = (struct load_command *) ((uint8_t *) load_command + Swap(load_command->cmdsize));
 417         }
 418
 419         return load_commands;
 420     }
 421
 422     std::vector<segment_command *> GetSegments(const char *segment_name) const {
 423         std::vector<struct segment_command *> segment_commands;
 424
 425         _foreach (load_command, GetLoadCommands()) {
 426             if (Swap(load_command->cmd) == LC_SEGMENT) {
 427                 segment_command *segment_command = reinterpret_cast<struct segment_command *>(load_command);
 428                 if (strncmp(segment_command->segname, segment_name, 16) == 0)
 429                     segment_commands.push_back(segment_command);
 430             }
 431         }
 432
 433         return segment_commands;
 434     }
 435
 436     std::vector<segment_command_64 *> GetSegments64(const char *segment_name) {
 437         std::vector<struct segment_command_64 *> segment_commands;
 438
 439         _foreach (load_command, GetLoadCommands()) {
 440             if (Swap(load_command->cmd) == LC_SEGMENT_64) {
 441                 segment_command_64 *segment_command = reinterpret_cast<struct segment_command_64 *>(load_command);
 442                 if (strncmp(segment_command->segname, segment_name, 16) == 0)
 443                     segment_commands.push_back(segment_command);
 444             }
 445         }
 446
 447         return segment_commands;
 448     }
 449
 450     std::vector<section *> GetSections(const char *segment_name, const char *section_name) const {
 451         std::vector<section *> sections;
 452
 453         _foreach (segment, GetSegments(segment_name)) {
 454             section *section = (struct section *) (segment + 1);
 455
 456             uint32_t sect;
 457             for (sect = 0; sect != Swap(segment->nsects); ++sect) {
 458                 if (strncmp(section->sectname, section_name, 16) == 0)
 459                     sections.push_back(section);
 460                 ++section;
 461             }
 462         }
 463
 464         return sections;
 465     }
 466
 467     template <typename Target_>
 468     Pointer<Target_> GetPointer(uint32_t address, const char *segment_name = NULL) const {
 469         load_command *load_command = (struct load_command *) (mach_header_ + 1);
 470         uint32_t cmd;
 471
 472         for (cmd = 0; cmd != Swap(mach_header_->ncmds); ++cmd) {
 473             if (Swap(load_command->cmd) == LC_SEGMENT) {
 474                 segment_command *segment_command = (struct segment_command *) load_command;
 475                 if (segment_name != NULL && strncmp(segment_command->segname, segment_name, 16) != 0)
 476                     goto next_command;
 477
 478                 section *sections = (struct section *) (segment_command + 1);
 479
 480                 uint32_t sect;
 481                 for (sect = 0; sect != Swap(segment_command->nsects); ++sect) {
 482                     section *section = &sections[sect];
 483                     //printf("%s %u %p %p %u\n", segment_command->segname, sect, address, section->addr, section->size);
 484                     if (address >= Swap(section->addr) && address < Swap(section->addr) + Swap(section->size)) {
 485                         //printf("0x%.8x %s\n", address, segment_command->segname);
 486                         return Pointer<Target_>(this, reinterpret_cast<Target_ *>(address - Swap(section->addr) + Swap(section->offset) + (char *) mach_header_));
 487                     }
 488                 }
 489             }
 490
 491           next_command:
 492             load_command = (struct load_command *) ((char *) load_command + Swap(load_command->cmdsize));
 493         }
 494
 495         return Pointer<Target_>(this);
 496     }
 497
 498     template <typename Target_>
 499     Pointer<Target_> GetOffset(uint32_t offset) {
 500         return Pointer<Target_>(this, reinterpret_cast<Target_ *>(offset + (uint8_t *) mach_header_));
 501     }
 502 };
 503
 504 class FatMachHeader :
 505     public MachHeader
 506 {
 507   private:
 508     fat_arch *fat_arch_;
 509
 510   public:
 511     FatMachHeader(void *base, size_t size, fat_arch *fat_arch) :
 512         MachHeader(base, size),
 513         fat_arch_(fat_arch)
 514     {
 515     }
 516
 517     fat_arch *GetFatArch() const {
 518         return fat_arch_;
 519     }
 520 };
 521
 522 class FatHeader :
 523     public Data
 524 {
 525   private:
 526     fat_header *fat_header_;
 527     std::vector<FatMachHeader> mach_headers_;
 528
 529   public:
 530     FatHeader(void *base, size_t size) :
 531         Data(base, size)
 532     {
 533         fat_header_ = reinterpret_cast<struct fat_header *>(base);
 534
 535         if (Swap(fat_header_->magic) == FAT_CIGAM) {
 536             swapped_ = !swapped_;
 537             goto fat;
 538         } else if (Swap(fat_header_->magic) != FAT_MAGIC) {
 539             fat_header_ = NULL;
 540             mach_headers_.push_back(FatMachHeader(base, size, NULL));
 541         } else fat: {
 542             size_t fat_narch = Swap(fat_header_->nfat_arch);
 543             fat_arch *fat_arch = reinterpret_cast<struct fat_arch *>(fat_header_ + 1);
 544             size_t arch;
 545             for (arch = 0; arch != fat_narch; ++arch) {
 546                 uint32_t arch_offset = Swap(fat_arch->offset);
 547                 uint32_t arch_size = Swap(fat_arch->size);
 548                 mach_headers_.push_back(FatMachHeader((uint8_t *) base + arch_offset, arch_size, fat_arch));
 549                 ++fat_arch;
 550             }
 551         }
 552     }
 553
 554     std::vector<FatMachHeader> &GetMachHeaders() {
 555         return mach_headers_;
 556     }
 557
 558     bool IsFat() const {
 559         return fat_header_ != NULL;
 560     }
 561
 562     struct fat_header *operator ->() const {
 563         return fat_header_;
 564     }
 565 };
 566
 567 FatHeader Map(const char *path, bool ro = false) {
 568     size_t size;
 569     void *base(map(path, 0, _not(size_t), &size, ro));
 570     return FatHeader(base, size);
 571 }
 572
 573 template <typename Target_>
 574 class Pointer {
 575   private:
 576     const MachHeader *framework_;
 577     const Target_ *pointer_;
 578
 579   public:
 580     Pointer(const MachHeader *framework = NULL, const Target_ *pointer = NULL) :
 581         framework_(framework),
 582         pointer_(pointer)
 583     {
 584     }
 585
 586     operator const Target_ *() const {
 587         return pointer_;
 588     }
 589
 590     const Target_ *operator ->() const {
 591         return pointer_;
 592     }
 593
 594     Pointer<Target_> &operator ++() {
 595         ++pointer_;
 596         return *this;
 597     }
 598
 599     template <typename Value_>
 600     Value_ Swap(Value_ value) {
 601         return framework_->Swap(value);
 602     }
 603 };
 604
 605 #define CSMAGIC_CODEDIRECTORY      uint32_t(0xfade0c02)
 606 #define CSMAGIC_EMBEDDED_SIGNATURE uint32_t(0xfade0cc0)
 607 #define CSMAGIC_ENTITLEMENTS       uint32_t(0xfade7171)
 608
 609 #define CSSLOT_CODEDIRECTORY uint32_t(0)
 610 #define CSSLOT_REQUIREMENTS  uint32_t(2)
 611 #define CSSLOT_ENTITLEMENTS  uint32_t(5)
 612
 613 struct BlobIndex {
 614     uint32_t type;
 615     uint32_t offset;
 616 } _packed;
 617
 618 struct Blob {
 619     uint32_t magic;
 620     uint32_t length;
 621 } _packed;
 622
 623 struct SuperBlob {
 624     struct Blob blob;
 625     uint32_t count;
 626     struct BlobIndex index[];
 627 } _packed;
 628
 629 struct CodeDirectory {
 630     struct Blob blob;
 631     uint32_t version;
 632     uint32_t flags;
 633     uint32_t hashOffset;
 634     uint32_t identOffset;
 635     uint32_t nSpecialSlots;
 636     uint32_t nCodeSlots;
 637     uint32_t codeLimit;
 638     uint8_t hashSize;
 639     uint8_t hashType;
 640     uint8_t spare1;
 641     uint8_t pageSize;
 642     uint32_t spare2;
 643 } _packed;
 644
 645 extern "C" uint32_t hash(uint8_t *k, uint32_t length, uint32_t initval);
 646
 647 void sha1(uint8_t *hash, uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
 648     SHA1Context context;
 649     SHA1Reset(&context);
 650     SHA1Input(&context, data, size);
 651     SHA1Result(&context, hash);
 652 }
 653
 654 struct CodesignAllocation {
 655     uint32_t type_;
 656     uint16_t subtype_;
 657     size_t size_;
 658
 659     CodesignAllocation(uint32_t type, uint16_t subtype, size_t size) :
 660         type_(type),
 661         subtype_(subtype),
 662         size_(size)
 663     {
 664     }
 665 };
 666
 667 int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
 668     union {
 669         uint16_t word;
 670         uint8_t byte[2];
 671     } endian = {1};
 672
 673     little_ = endian.byte[0];
 674
 675     bool flag_R(false);
 676     bool flag_r(false);
 677
 678     bool flag_t(false);
 679     bool flag_p(false);
 680     bool flag_u(false);
 681     bool flag_e(false);
 682
 683     bool flag_T(false);
 684
 685     bool flag_S(false);
 686     bool flag_s(false);
 687
 688     bool timeh(false);
 689     uint32_t timev(0);
 690
 691     const void *xmld(NULL);
 692     size_t xmls(0);
 693
 694     uintptr_t noffset(_not(uintptr_t));
 695     uintptr_t woffset(_not(uintptr_t));
 696
 697     std::vector<std::string> files;
 698
 699     if (argc == 1) {
 700         fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s -S[entitlements.xml] <binary>\n", argv[0]);
 701         fprintf(stderr, "   %s -e MobileSafari\n", argv[0]);
 702         fprintf(stderr, "   %s -S cat\n", argv[0]);
 703         fprintf(stderr, "   %s -Stfp.xml gdb\n", argv[0]);
 704         exit(0);
 705     }
 706
 707     for (int argi(1); argi != argc; ++argi)
 708         if (argv[argi][0] != '-')
 709             files.push_back(argv[argi]);
 710         else switch (argv[argi][1]) {
 711             case 'R': flag_R = true; break;
 712             case 'r': flag_r = true; break;
 713
 714             case 't': flag_t = true; break;
 715             case 'u': flag_u = true; break;
 716             case 'p': flag_p = true; break;
 717             case 'e': flag_e = true; break;
 718
 719             case 's':
 720                 _assert(!flag_S);
 721                 flag_s = true;
 722             break;
 723
 724             case 'S':
 725                 _assert(!flag_s);
 726                 flag_S = true;
 727                 if (argv[argi][2] != '\0') {
 728                     const char *xml = argv[argi] + 2;
 729                     xmld = map(xml, 0, _not(size_t), &xmls, true);
 730                 }
 731             break;
 732
 733             case 'T': {
 734                 flag_T = true;
 735                 if (argv[argi][2] == '-')
 736                     timeh = true;
 737                 else {
 738                     char *arge;
 739                     timev = strtoul(argv[argi] + 2, &arge, 0);
 740                     _assert(arge == argv[argi] + strlen(argv[argi]));
 741                 }
 742             } break;
 743
 744             case 'n': {
 745                 char *arge;
 746                 noffset = strtoul(argv[argi] + 2, &arge, 0);
 747                 _assert(arge == argv[argi] + strlen(argv[argi]));
 748             } break;
 749
 750             case 'w': {
 751                 char *arge;
 752                 woffset = strtoul(argv[argi] + 2, &arge, 0);
 753                 _assert(arge == argv[argi] + strlen(argv[argi]));
 754             } break;
 755
 756             default:
 757                 goto usage;
 758             break;
 759         }
 760
 761     if (files.empty()) usage: {
 762         exit(0);
 763     }
 764
 765     size_t filei(0), filee(0);
 766     _foreach (file, files) try {
 767         const char *path(file.c_str());
 768         const char *base = strrchr(path, '/');
 769         char *temp(NULL), *dir;
 770
 771         if (base != NULL)
 772             dir = strndup_(path, base++ - path + 1);
 773         else {
 774             dir = strdup("");
 775             base = path;
 776         }
 777
 778         if (flag_r) {
 779             uint32_t clip(0); {
 780                 FatHeader fat_header(Map(path));
 781                 _foreach (mach_header, fat_header.GetMachHeaders()) {
 782                     mach_header->flags = mach_header.Swap(mach_header.Swap(mach_header->flags) | MH_DYLDLINK);
 783
 784                     uint32_t size(_not(uint32_t)); {
 785                         _foreach (load_command, mach_header.GetLoadCommands()) {
 786                             switch (mach_header.Swap(load_command->cmd)) {
 787                                 case LC_CODE_SIGNATURE: {
 788                                     struct linkedit_data_command *signature = reinterpret_cast<struct linkedit_data_command *>(load_command);
 789                                     memset(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(mach_header.GetBase()) + mach_header.Swap(signature->dataoff), 0, mach_header.Swap(signature->datasize));
 790                                     memset(signature, 0, sizeof(struct linkedit_data_command));
 791
 792                                     mach_header->ncmds = mach_header.Swap(mach_header.Swap(mach_header->ncmds) - 1);
 793                                     mach_header->sizeofcmds = mach_header.Swap(uint32_t(mach_header.Swap(mach_header->sizeofcmds) - sizeof(struct linkedit_data_command)));
 794                                 } break;
 795
 796                                 case LC_SYMTAB: {
 797                                     struct symtab_command *symtab = reinterpret_cast<struct symtab_command *>(load_command);
 798                                     size = mach_header.Swap(symtab->stroff) + mach_header.Swap(symtab->strsize);
 799                                 } break;
 800                             }
 801                         }
 802                     }
 803
 804                     _assert(size != _not(uint32_t));
 805
 806                     _foreach (segment, const_cast<FatMachHeader &>(mach_header).GetSegments("__LINKEDIT")) {
 807                         segment->filesize -= mach_header.GetSize() - size;
 808
 809                         if (fat_arch *fat_arch = mach_header.GetFatArch()) {
 810                             fat_arch->size = fat_header.Swap(size);
 811                             clip = std::max(clip, fat_header.Swap(fat_arch->offset) + size);
 812                         } else
 813                             clip = std::max(clip, size);
 814                     }
 815
 816                     _foreach (segment, const_cast<FatMachHeader &>(mach_header).GetSegments64("__LINKEDIT")) {
 817                         segment->filesize -= mach_header.GetSize() - size;
 818
 819                         if (fat_arch *fat_arch = mach_header.GetFatArch()) {
 820                             fat_arch->size = fat_header.Swap(size);
 821                             clip = std::max(clip, fat_header.Swap(fat_arch->offset) + size);
 822                         } else
 823                             clip = std::max(clip, size);
 824                     }
 825                 }
 826             }
 827
 828             _assert(clip != 0);
 829             _syscall(truncate(path, clip));
 830         }
 831
 832         if (flag_S) {
 833             asprintf(&temp, "%s.%s.cs", dir, base);
 834             const char *allocate = getenv("CODESIGN_ALLOCATE");
 835             if (allocate == NULL)
 836                 allocate = "codesign_allocate";
 837
 838             std::vector<CodesignAllocation> allocations; {
 839                 FatHeader fat_header(Map(path));
 840                 _foreach (mach_header, fat_header.GetMachHeaders()) {
 841                     mach_header->flags = mach_header.Swap(mach_header.Swap(mach_header->flags) | MH_DYLDLINK);
 842
 843                     size_t size(_not(size_t)); {
 844                         _foreach (load_command, mach_header.GetLoadCommands()) {
 845                             uint32_t cmd(mach_header.Swap(load_command->cmd));
 846                             if (cmd == LC_CODE_SIGNATURE) {
 847                                 struct linkedit_data_command *signature = reinterpret_cast<struct linkedit_data_command *>(load_command);
 848                                 size = mach_header.Swap(signature->dataoff);
 849                                 _assert(size < mach_header.GetSize());
 850                                 break;
 851                             }
 852                         }
 853
 854                         if (size == _not(size_t))
 855                             size = mach_header.GetSize();
 856                     }
 857
 858                     allocations.push_back(CodesignAllocation(mach_header.GetCPUType(), mach_header.GetCPUSubtype(), size));
 859                 }
 860             }
 861
 862             pid_t pid = fork();
 863             _syscall(pid);
 864             if (pid == 0) {
 865                 // XXX: this leaks memory, but it doesn't really matter
 866                 std::vector<const char *> args;
 867                 char *arg;
 868
 869                 args.push_back(allocate);
 870
 871                 args.push_back("-i");
 872                 args.push_back(path);
 873
 874                 _foreach (allocation, allocations) {
 875                     args.push_back("-A");
 876
 877                     asprintf(&arg, "%u", allocation.type_);
 878                     args.push_back(arg);
 879
 880                     asprintf(&arg, "%u", allocation.subtype_);
 881                     args.push_back(arg);
 882
 883                     size_t alloc(0);
 884                     alloc += sizeof(struct SuperBlob);
 885                     uint32_t special(0);
 886
 887                     special = std::max(special, CSSLOT_CODEDIRECTORY);
 888                     alloc += sizeof(struct BlobIndex);
 889                     alloc += sizeof(struct CodeDirectory);
 890                     alloc += strlen(base) + 1;
 891
 892                     special = std::max(special, CSSLOT_REQUIREMENTS);
 893                     alloc += sizeof(struct BlobIndex);
 894                     alloc += 0xc;
 895
 896                     if (xmld != NULL) {
 897                         special = std::max(special, CSSLOT_ENTITLEMENTS);
 898                         alloc += sizeof(struct BlobIndex);
 899                         alloc += sizeof(struct Blob);
 900                         alloc += xmls;
 901                     }
 902
 903                     size_t normal((allocation.size_ + 0x1000 - 1) / 0x1000);
 904                     alloc += (special + normal) * 0x14;
 905
 906                     alloc += 15;
 907                     alloc /= 16;
 908                     alloc *= 16;
 909
 910                     asprintf(&arg, "%zu", alloc);
 911                     args.push_back(arg);
 912                 }
 913
 914                 args.push_back("-o");
 915                 args.push_back(temp);
 916
 917                 args.push_back(NULL);
 918
 919                 if (false) {
 920                     printf("run:");
 921                     _foreach (arg, args)
 922                         printf(" %s", arg);
 923                     printf("\n");
 924                 }
 925
 926                 execvp(allocate, (char **) &args[0]);
 927                 _assert(false);
 928             }
 929
 930             int status;
 931             _syscall(waitpid(pid, &status, 0));
 932             _assert(WIFEXITED(status));
 933             _assert(WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0);
 934         }
 935
 936         if (flag_p)
 937             printf("path%zu='%s'\n", filei, file.c_str());
 938
 939         FatHeader fat_header(Map(temp == NULL ? path : temp, !(flag_R | flag_T | flag_s | flag_S)));
 940         struct linkedit_data_command *signature(NULL);
 941
 942         _foreach (mach_header, fat_header.GetMachHeaders()) {
 943             if (woffset != _not(uintptr_t)) {
 944                 Pointer<uint32_t> wvalue(mach_header.GetPointer<uint32_t>(woffset));
 945                 if (wvalue == NULL)
 946                     printf("(null) %p\n", reinterpret_cast<void *>(woffset));
 947                 else
 948                     printf("0x%.08x\n", *wvalue);
 949             }
 950
 951             if (noffset != _not(uintptr_t))
 952                 printf("%s\n", &*mach_header.GetPointer<char>(noffset));
 953
 954             _foreach (load_command, mach_header.GetLoadCommands()) {
 955                 uint32_t cmd(mach_header.Swap(load_command->cmd));
 956
 957                 if (flag_R && cmd == LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB)
 958                     load_command->cmd = mach_header.Swap(LC_LOAD_DYLIB);
 959                 else if (cmd == LC_CODE_SIGNATURE)
 960                     signature = reinterpret_cast<struct linkedit_data_command *>(load_command);
 961                 else if (cmd == LC_UUID) {
 962                     volatile struct uuid_command *uuid_command(reinterpret_cast<struct uuid_command *>(load_command));
 963
 964                     if (flag_u) {
 965                         printf("uuid%zu=%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x-%.2x%.2x-%.2x%.2x-%.2x%.2x-%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x%.2x\n", filei,
 966                             uuid_command->uuid[ 0], uuid_command->uuid[ 1], uuid_command->uuid[ 2], uuid_command->uuid[ 3],
 967                             uuid_command->uuid[ 4], uuid_command->uuid[ 5], uuid_command->uuid[ 6], uuid_command->uuid[ 7],
 968                             uuid_command->uuid[ 8], uuid_command->uuid[ 9], uuid_command->uuid[10], uuid_command->uuid[11],
 969                             uuid_command->uuid[12], uuid_command->uuid[13], uuid_command->uuid[14], uuid_command->uuid[15]
 970                         );
 971                     }
 972                 } else if (cmd == LC_ID_DYLIB) {
 973                     volatile struct dylib_command *dylib_command(reinterpret_cast<struct dylib_command *>(load_command));
 974
 975                     if (flag_t)
 976                         printf("time%zu=0x%.8x\n", filei, mach_header.Swap(dylib_command->dylib.timestamp));
 977
 978                     if (flag_T) {
 979                         uint32_t timed;
 980
 981                         if (!timeh)
 982                             timed = timev;
 983                         else {
 984                             dylib_command->dylib.timestamp = 0;
 985                             timed = hash(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(mach_header.GetBase()), mach_header.GetSize(), timev);
 986                         }
 987
 988                         dylib_command->dylib.timestamp = mach_header.Swap(timed);
 989                     }
 990                 }
 991             }
 992
 993             if (flag_e) {
 994                 _assert(signature != NULL);
 995
 996                 uint32_t data = mach_header.Swap(signature->dataoff);
 997
 998                 uint8_t *top = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(mach_header.GetBase());
 999                 uint8_t *blob = top + data;
1000                 struct SuperBlob *super = reinterpret_cast<struct SuperBlob *>(blob);
1001
1002                 for (size_t index(0); index != Swap(super->count); ++index)
1003                     if (Swap(super->index[index].type) == CSSLOT_ENTITLEMENTS) {
1004                         uint32_t begin = Swap(super->index[index].offset);
1005                         struct Blob *entitlements = reinterpret_cast<struct Blob *>(blob + begin);
1006                         fwrite(entitlements + 1, 1, Swap(entitlements->length) - sizeof(struct Blob), stdout);
1007                     }
1008             }
1009
1010             if (flag_s) {
1011                 _assert(signature != NULL);
1012
1013                 uint32_t data = mach_header.Swap(signature->dataoff);
1014
1015                 uint8_t *top = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(mach_header.GetBase());
1016                 uint8_t *blob = top + data;
1017                 struct SuperBlob *super = reinterpret_cast<struct SuperBlob *>(blob);
1018
1019                 for (size_t index(0); index != Swap(super->count); ++index)
1020                     if (Swap(super->index[index].type) == CSSLOT_CODEDIRECTORY) {
1021                         uint32_t begin = Swap(super->index[index].offset);
1022                         struct CodeDirectory *directory = reinterpret_cast<struct CodeDirectory *>(blob + begin);
1023
1024                         uint8_t (*hashes)[20] = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t (*)[20]>(blob + begin + Swap(directory->hashOffset));
1025                         uint32_t pages = Swap(directory->nCodeSlots);
1026
1027                         if (pages != 1)
1028                             for (size_t i = 0; i != pages - 1; ++i)
1029                                 sha1(hashes[i], top + 0x1000 * i, 0x1000);
1030                         if (pages != 0)
1031                             sha1(hashes[pages - 1], top + 0x1000 * (pages - 1), ((data - 1) % 0x1000) + 1);
1032                     }
1033             }
1034
1035             if (flag_S) {
1036                 _assert(signature != NULL);
1037
1038                 uint32_t data = mach_header.Swap(signature->dataoff);
1039                 uint32_t size = mach_header.Swap(signature->datasize);
1040
1041                 uint8_t *top = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(mach_header.GetBase());
1042                 uint8_t *blob = top + data;
1043                 struct SuperBlob *super = reinterpret_cast<struct SuperBlob *>(blob);
1044                 super->blob.magic = Swap(CSMAGIC_EMBEDDED_SIGNATURE);
1045
1046                 uint32_t count = xmld == NULL ? 2 : 3;
1047                 uint32_t offset = sizeof(struct SuperBlob) + count * sizeof(struct BlobIndex);
1048
1049                 super->index[0].type = Swap(CSSLOT_CODEDIRECTORY);
1050                 super->index[0].offset = Swap(offset);
1051
1052                 uint32_t begin = offset;
1053                 struct CodeDirectory *directory = reinterpret_cast<struct CodeDirectory *>(blob + begin);
1054                 offset += sizeof(struct CodeDirectory);
1055
1056                 directory->blob.magic = Swap(CSMAGIC_CODEDIRECTORY);
1057                 directory->version = Swap(uint32_t(0x00020001));
1058                 directory->flags = Swap(uint32_t(0));
1059                 directory->codeLimit = Swap(data);
1060                 directory->hashSize = 0x14;
1061                 directory->hashType = 0x01;
1062                 directory->spare1 = 0x00;
1063                 directory->pageSize = 0x0c;
1064                 directory->spare2 = Swap(uint32_t(0));
1065
1066                 directory->identOffset = Swap(offset - begin);
1067                 strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char *>(blob + offset), base);
1068                 offset += strlen(base) + 1;
1069
1070                 uint32_t special = xmld == NULL ? CSSLOT_REQUIREMENTS : CSSLOT_ENTITLEMENTS;
1071                 directory->nSpecialSlots = Swap(special);
1072
1073                 uint8_t (*hashes)[20] = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t (*)[20]>(blob + offset);
1074                 memset(hashes, 0, sizeof(*hashes) * special);
1075
1076                 offset += sizeof(*hashes) * special;
1077                 hashes += special;
1078
1079                 uint32_t pages = (data + 0x1000 - 1) / 0x1000;
1080                 directory->nCodeSlots = Swap(pages);
1081
1082                 if (pages != 1)
1083                     for (size_t i = 0; i != pages - 1; ++i)
1084                         sha1(hashes[i], top + 0x1000 * i, 0x1000);
1085                 if (pages != 0)
1086                     sha1(hashes[pages - 1], top + 0x1000 * (pages - 1), ((data - 1) % 0x1000) + 1);
1087
1088                 directory->hashOffset = Swap(offset - begin);
1089                 offset += sizeof(*hashes) * pages;
1090                 directory->blob.length = Swap(offset - begin);
1091
1092                 super->index[1].type = Swap(CSSLOT_REQUIREMENTS);
1093                 super->index[1].offset = Swap(offset);
1094
1095                 memcpy(blob + offset, "\xfa\xde\x0c\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0c\x00\x00\x00\x00", 0xc);
1096                 offset += 0xc;
1097
1098                 if (xmld != NULL) {
1099                     super->index[2].type = Swap(CSSLOT_ENTITLEMENTS);
1100                     super->index[2].offset = Swap(offset);
1101
1102                     uint32_t begin = offset;
1103                     struct Blob *entitlements = reinterpret_cast<struct Blob *>(blob + begin);
1104                     offset += sizeof(struct Blob);
1105
1106                     memcpy(blob + offset, xmld, xmls);
1107                     offset += xmls;
1108
1109                     entitlements->magic = Swap(CSMAGIC_ENTITLEMENTS);
1110                     entitlements->length = Swap(offset - begin);
1111                 }
1112
1113                 for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index) {
1114                     uint32_t type = Swap(super->index[index].type);
1115                     if (type != 0 && type <= special) {
1116                         uint32_t offset = Swap(super->index[index].offset);
1117                         struct Blob *local = (struct Blob *) (blob + offset);
1118                         sha1((uint8_t *) (hashes - type), (uint8_t *) local, Swap(local->length));
1119                     }
1120                 }
1121
1122                 super->count = Swap(count);
1123                 super->blob.length = Swap(offset);
1124
1125                 if (offset > size) {
1126                     fprintf(stderr, "offset (%u) > size (%u)\n", offset, size);
1127                     _assert(false);
1128                 } //else fprintf(stderr, "offset (%zu) <= size (%zu)\n", offset, size);
1129
1130                 memset(blob + offset, 0, size - offset);
1131             }
1132         }
1133
1134         if (flag_S) {
1135             uint8_t *top = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(fat_header.GetBase());
1136             size_t size = fat_header.GetSize();
1137
1138             char *copy;
1139             asprintf(&copy, "%s.%s.cp", dir, base);
1140             FILE *file = fopen(copy, "w+");
1141             size_t writ = fwrite(top, 1, size, file);
1142             _assert(writ == size);
1143             fclose(file);
1144
1145             _syscall(unlink(temp));
1146             free(temp);
1147             temp = copy;
1148         }
1149
1150         if (temp != NULL) {
1151             struct stat info;
1152             _syscall(stat(path, &info));
1153             _syscall(chown(temp, info.st_uid, info.st_gid));
1154             _syscall(chmod(temp, info.st_mode));
1155             _syscall(unlink(path));
1156             _syscall(rename(temp, path));
1157             free(temp);
1158         }
1159
1160         free(dir);
1161         ++filei;
1162     } catch (const char *) {
1163         ++filee;
1164         ++filei;
1165     }
1166
1167     return filee;
1168 }