Preempt accidental fall-through setting properties.

[cycript.git] / Parser.hpp

diff --git a/Parser.hpp b/Parser.hpp
index 346fb93271f7f697612fdbe4b945f7936db917b0..ba896b7db8299773de98d0b772d42bac4794f08b 100644 (file)
--- a/Parser.hpp
+++ b/Parser.hpp
@@ -1,55 +1,208 @@
-#ifndef CYPARSER_HPP
-#define CYPARSER_HPP
-
-#include <cstdlib>
+/* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2012  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+*/
+
+/* GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/*
+ * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
+ * Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+ * option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with Cycript.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+**/
+/* }}} */
+
+#ifndef CYCRIPT_PARSER_HPP
+#define CYCRIPT_PARSER_HPP
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <stack>

 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>

+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include "location.hh"

 
 

+#include "List.hpp"

 #include "Pooling.hpp"
 #include "Pooling.hpp"

+#include "Options.hpp"
+
+class CYContext;
+
+struct CYThing {
+    virtual ~CYThing() {
+    }

 
 

-template <typename Type_>
-struct CYNext {
-    Type_ *next_;
+    virtual void Output(struct CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+};

 
 

-    CYNext() :
-        next_(NULL)
+struct CYOutput {
+    std::ostream &out_;
+    CYOptions &options_;
+    bool pretty_;
+    unsigned indent_;
+    bool right_;
+
+    enum {
+        NoMode,
+        NoLetter,
+        NoPlus,
+        NoHyphen,
+        Terminated
+    } mode_;
+
+    CYOutput(std::ostream &out, CYOptions &options) :
+        out_(out),
+        options_(options),
+        pretty_(false),
+        indent_(0),
+        right_(false),
+        mode_(NoMode)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    void SetNext(Type_ *next) {
-        next_ = next;
+    void Check(char value);
+    void Terminate();
+
+    CYOutput &operator <<(char rhs);
+    CYOutput &operator <<(const char *rhs);
+
+    _finline CYOutput &operator <<(const CYThing *rhs) {
+        if (rhs != NULL)
+            rhs->Output(*this);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _finline CYOutput &operator <<(const CYThing &rhs) {
+        rhs.Output(*this);
+        return *this;

     }
 };
 
     }
 };
 

-struct CYThing {
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
+struct CYPropertyName {
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+
+    virtual ~CYPropertyName() {
+    }

 };
 
 };
 

-_finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &out, const CYThing &rhs) {
-    rhs.Output(out);
-    return out;
-}
+struct CYExpression;
+struct CYAssignment;

 
 

-struct CYPart {
-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
+enum CYNeeded {
+    CYNever     = -1,
+    CYSometimes =  0,
+    CYAlways    =  1,

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYSource :
-    CYNext<CYSource>
-{
-    virtual void Show(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out, bool block) const;
+enum CYFlags {
+    CYNoFlags =      0,
+    CYNoBrace =      (1 << 0),
+    CYNoFunction =   (1 << 1),
+    CYNoIn =         (1 << 2),
+    CYNoCall =       (1 << 3),
+    CYNoRightHand =  (1 << 4),
+    CYNoDangle =     (1 << 5),
+    CYNoInteger =    (1 << 6),
+    CYNoBF =         (CYNoBrace | CYNoFunction),

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYName :
-    CYThing
+_finline CYFlags operator ~(CYFlags rhs) {
+    return static_cast<CYFlags>(~static_cast<unsigned>(rhs));
+}
+
+_finline CYFlags operator &(CYFlags lhs, CYFlags rhs) {
+    return static_cast<CYFlags>(static_cast<unsigned>(lhs) & static_cast<unsigned>(rhs));
+}
+
+_finline CYFlags operator |(CYFlags lhs, CYFlags rhs) {
+    return static_cast<CYFlags>(static_cast<unsigned>(lhs) | static_cast<unsigned>(rhs));
+}
+
+_finline CYFlags &operator |=(CYFlags &lhs, CYFlags rhs) {
+    return lhs = lhs | rhs;
+}
+
+_finline CYFlags CYLeft(CYFlags flags) {
+    return flags & ~(CYNoDangle | CYNoInteger);
+}
+
+_finline CYFlags CYRight(CYFlags flags) {
+    return flags & ~CYNoBF;
+}
+
+_finline CYFlags CYCenter(CYFlags flags) {
+    return CYLeft(CYRight(flags));
+}
+
+struct CYStatement :
+    CYNext<CYStatement>

 {
 {

-    virtual const char *Name() const = 0;
+    virtual ~CYStatement() {
+    }
+
+    void Single(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    void Multiple(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags = CYNoFlags) const;
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+
+  private:
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYStatements {
+    CYStatement *first_;
+    CYStatement *last_;
+
+    CYStatements() :
+        first_(NULL),
+        last_(NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    operator CYStatement *() const {
+        return first_;
+    }
+
+    CYStatements &operator ->*(CYStatement *next) {
+        if (next != NULL)
+            if (first_ == NULL) {
+                first_ = next;
+                last_ = next;
+            } else for (;; last_ = last_->next_)
+                if (last_->next_ == NULL) {
+                    last_->next_ = next;
+                    last_ = next;
+                    break;
+                }
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYClassName {
+    virtual ~CYClassName() {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object) = 0;
+    virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const = 0;

 };
 
 struct CYWord :
 };
 
 struct CYWord :

-    CYName
+    CYThing,
+    CYPropertyName,
+    CYClassName

 {
     const char *word_;
 
 {
     const char *word_;
 


@@ -58,47 +211,258 @@ struct CYWord :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    const char *Value() const {
-        return word_;
+    void Set(const char *value) {
+        word_ = value;

     }
 
     }
 

-    virtual const char *Name() const {
-        return Value();
-    }
+    virtual const char *Word() const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;

 
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object);
+    virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const;
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 };
 

+_finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &lhs, const CYWord &rhs) {
+    lhs << &rhs << '=';
+    return lhs << rhs.Word();
+}
+

 struct CYIdentifier :
 struct CYIdentifier :

+    CYNext<CYIdentifier>,

     CYWord
 {
     CYWord
 {

+    CYIdentifier *replace_;
+    size_t offset_;
+    size_t usage_;
+

     CYIdentifier(const char *word) :
     CYIdentifier(const char *word) :

-        CYWord(word)
+        CYWord(word),
+        replace_(NULL),
+        offset_(0),
+        usage_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Word() const;
+    CYIdentifier *Replace(CYContext &context);
+};
+
+struct CYComment :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    const char *value_;
+
+    CYComment(const char *value) :
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYLabel :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYStatement *statement_;
+
+    CYLabel(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *statement) :
+        name_(name),
+        statement_(statement)

     {
     }
     {
     }

+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYLabel {
+struct CYCStringLess :
+    std::binary_function<const char *, const char *, bool>
+{
+    _finline bool operator ()(const char *lhs, const char *rhs) const {
+        return strcmp(lhs, rhs) < 0;
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYIdentifierValueLess :
+    std::binary_function<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifier *, bool>
+{
+    _finline bool operator ()(CYIdentifier *lhs, CYIdentifier *rhs) const {
+        return CYCStringLess()(lhs->Word(), rhs->Word());
+    }
+};
+
+enum CYIdentifierFlags {
+    CYIdentifierArgument,
+    CYIdentifierVariable,
+    CYIdentifierOther,
+    CYIdentifierMagic,
+    CYIdentifierCatch,
+};
+
+typedef std::set<const char *, CYCStringLess> CYCStringSet;
+typedef std::set<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierValueLess> CYIdentifierValueSet;
+typedef std::map<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierFlags> CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap;
+
+struct CYIdentifierUsage {

     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;

-    CYLabel *next_;
+    size_t usage_;
+};

 
 

-    CYLabel(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYLabel *next) :
-        identifier_(identifier),
-        next_(next)
+typedef std::vector<CYIdentifierUsage> CYIdentifierUsageVector;
+
+struct CYScope {
+    bool transparent_;
+
+    CYContext &context_;
+    CYStatement *&statements_;
+
+    CYScope *parent_;
+
+    CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap internal_;
+    CYIdentifierValueSet identifiers_;
+
+    CYScope(bool transparent, CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements);
+    virtual ~CYScope();
+
+    void Close();
+
+    void Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags);
+    virtual CYIdentifier *Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+    void Merge(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+    void Scope(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements);
+};
+
+struct CYProgram :
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYStatement *statements_;
+
+    CYProgram(CYStatement *statements) :
+        statements_(statements)

     {
     }
     {
     }

+
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYStatement :
-    CYSource
+struct CYNonLocal;
+struct CYThisScope;
+
+struct CYContext {
+    CYOptions &options_;
+
+    CYScope *scope_;
+    CYThisScope *this_;
+
+    CYIdentifierUsageVector rename_;
+
+    CYNonLocal *nonlocal_;
+    CYNonLocal *nextlocal_;
+    unsigned unique_;
+
+    CYContext(CYOptions &options) :
+        options_(options),
+        scope_(NULL),
+        this_(NULL),
+        nonlocal_(NULL),
+        nextlocal_(NULL),
+        unique_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual ~CYContext() {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Type_>
+    void ReplaceAll(Type_ *&values) {
+        Type_ **last(&values);
+        CYForEach (next, values) {
+            Replace(*last = next);
+            if (*last != NULL)
+                last = &(*last)->next_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename Type_>
+    void Replace(Type_ *&value) {
+        for (;;) if (value == NULL)
+            break;
+        else {
+            Type_ *replace(value->Replace(*this));
+            if (replace != value)
+                value = replace;
+            else break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void NonLocal(CYStatement *&statements);
+    CYIdentifier *Unique();
+};
+
+struct CYNonLocal {
+    CYIdentifier *identifier_;
+
+    CYNonLocal() :
+        identifier_(NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYIdentifier *Target(CYContext &context) {
+        if (identifier_ == NULL)
+            identifier_ = context.Unique();
+        return identifier_;
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYThisScope :
+    CYNext<CYThisScope>

 {
 {

-    CYLabel *label_;
+    CYIdentifier *identifier_;
+
+    CYThisScope() :
+        identifier_(NULL)
+    {
+    }

 
 

-    void AddLabel(CYIdentifier *identifier) {
-        label_ = new CYLabel(identifier, label_);
+    CYIdentifier *Identifier(CYContext &context) {
+        if (next_ != NULL)
+            return next_->Identifier(context);
+        if (identifier_ == NULL)
+            identifier_ = context.Unique();
+        return identifier_;

     }
 };
 
     }
 };
 

+struct CYBlock :
+    CYStatement,
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYStatement *statements_;
+
+    CYBlock(CYStatement *statements) :
+        statements_(statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    operator CYStatement *() const {
+        return statements_;
+    }
+
+    void AddPrev(CYStatement *statement) {
+        CYSetLast(statement) = statements_;
+        statements_ = statement;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+

 enum CYState {
     CYClear,
     CYRestricted,
 enum CYState {
     CYClear,
     CYRestricted,


@@ -107,91 +471,381 @@ enum CYState {
 
 class CYDriver {
   public:
 
 class CYDriver {
   public:

-    CYPool pool_;
+    void *scanner_;

 
     CYState state_;
 
     CYState state_;

-    void *scanner_;
+    std::stack<bool> in_;
+
+    struct {
+        bool AtImplementation;
+        bool Function;
+        bool OpenBrace;
+    } no_;

 
     const char *data_;
     size_t size_;
 
     const char *data_;
     size_t size_;

+    FILE *file_;
+
+    bool strict_;
+
+    enum Condition {
+        RegExpCondition,
+        XMLContentCondition,
+        XMLTagCondition,
+    };

 
     std::string filename_;
 
 
     std::string filename_;
 

-    std::vector<CYSource *> source_;
+    struct Error {
+        bool warning_;
+        cy::location location_;
+        std::string message_;
+    };
+
+    typedef std::vector<Error> Errors;
+
+    CYProgram *program_;
+    Errors errors_;
+
+    bool auto_;
+
+    struct Context {
+        CYExpression *context_;
+
+        Context(CYExpression *context) :
+            context_(context)
+        {
+        }
+
+        typedef std::vector<CYWord *> Words;
+        Words words_;
+    };
+
+    typedef std::vector<Context> Contexts;
+    Contexts contexts_;
+
+    CYExpression *context_;
+
+    enum Mode {
+        AutoNone,
+        AutoPrimary,
+        AutoDirect,
+        AutoIndirect,
+        AutoMessage
+    } mode_;

 
   private:
     void ScannerInit();
     void ScannerDestroy();
 
   public:
 
   private:
     void ScannerInit();
     void ScannerDestroy();
 
   public:

-    CYDriver(const std::string &filename);
+    CYDriver(const std::string &filename = "");

     ~CYDriver();
 
     ~CYDriver();
 

-    void Clear();
+    Condition GetCondition();
+    void SetCondition(Condition condition);
+
+    void PushCondition(Condition condition);
+    void PopCondition();
+
+    void Warning(const cy::location &location, const char *message);
+};
+
+struct CYForInitialiser {
+    virtual ~CYForInitialiser() {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYForInInitialiser {
+    virtual ~CYForInInitialiser() {
+    }
+
+    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value) = 0;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context) = 0;
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYNumber;
+struct CYString;
+
+struct CYExpression :
+    CYNext<CYExpression>,
+    CYForInitialiser,
+    CYForInInitialiser,
+    CYClassName,
+    CYThing
+{
+    virtual unsigned Precedence() const = 0;
+
+    virtual bool RightHand() const {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value);
+
+    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, unsigned precedence, CYFlags flags) const;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object);
+    virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Word() const {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+};
+
+#define CYAlphabetic(value) \
+    virtual bool Alphabetic() const { \
+        return value; \
+    }
+
+#define CYPrecedence(value) \
+    static const unsigned Precedence_ = value; \
+    virtual unsigned Precedence() const { \
+        return Precedence_; \
+    }
+
+#define CYRightHand(value) \
+    virtual bool RightHand() const { \
+        return value; \
+    }
+
+struct CYCompound :
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYExpression *expressions_;
+
+    CYCompound(CYExpression *expressions = NULL) :
+        expressions_(expressions)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void AddPrev(CYExpression *expression) {
+        CYSetLast(expression) = expressions_;
+        expressions_ = expression;
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(17)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context);
+};
+
+struct CYDeclaration;
+
+struct CYFunctionParameter :
+    CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>,
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYForInInitialiser *initialiser_;
+
+    CYFunctionParameter(CYForInInitialiser *initialiser, CYFunctionParameter *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>(next),
+        initialiser_(initialiser)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBlock &code);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYComprehension :
+    CYNext<CYComprehension>,
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYComprehension(CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYComprehension>(next)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Name() const = 0;
+
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const = 0;
+    CYFunctionParameter *Parameters(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYForInComprehension :
+    CYComprehension
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYExpression *set_;
+
+    CYForInComprehension(CYIdentifier *name, CYExpression *set, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
+        CYComprehension(next),
+        name_(name),
+        set_(set)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Name() const {
+        return name_->Word();
+    }
+
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYForOfComprehension :
+    CYComprehension
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYExpression *set_;
+
+    CYForOfComprehension(CYIdentifier *name, CYExpression *set, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
+        CYComprehension(next),
+        name_(name),
+        set_(set)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Name() const {
+        return name_->Word();
+    }
+
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYIfComprehension :
+    CYComprehension
+{
+    CYExpression *test_;
+
+    CYIfComprehension(CYExpression *test) :
+        test_(test)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Name() const {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYForInitialiser :
-    CYPart
+struct CYArrayComprehension :
+    CYExpression

 {
 {

+    CYExpression *expression_;
+    CYComprehension *comprehensions_;
+
+    CYArrayComprehension(CYExpression *expression, CYComprehension *comprehensions) :
+        expression_(expression),
+        comprehensions_(comprehensions)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYForInInitialiser :
-    CYPart
+struct CYLiteral :
+    CYExpression

 {
 {

+    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYExpression :
-    CYNext<CYExpression>,
-    CYForInitialiser,
-    CYForInInitialiser
+struct CYTrivial :
+    CYLiteral

 {
 {

-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
-    void Output(std::ostream &out, bool raw) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);

 };
 
 };
 

-_finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &out, const CYExpression &rhs) {
-    rhs.Output(out, false);
-    return out;
-}
-
-struct CYLiteral :
+struct CYMagic :

     CYExpression
 {
     CYExpression
 {

+    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYSelector :
-    CYLiteral
-{
-    CYWord *name_;
-    bool value_;
-    CYSelector *after_;
+struct CYRange {
+    uint64_t lo_;
+    uint64_t hi_;

 
 

-    CYSelector(CYWord *name, bool value, CYSelector *after) :
-        name_(name),
-        value_(value),
-        after_(after)
+    CYRange(uint64_t lo, uint64_t hi) :
+        lo_(lo), hi_(hi)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    bool operator [](uint8_t value) const {
+        return !(value >> 7) && (value >> 6 ? hi_ : lo_) >> (value & 0x3f) & 0x1;
+    }
+
+    void operator()(uint8_t value) {
+        if (value >> 7)
+            return;
+        (value >> 6 ? hi_ : lo_) |= uint64_t(0x1) << (value & 0x3f);
+    }

 };
 
 };
 

+extern CYRange DigitRange_;
+extern CYRange WordStartRange_;
+extern CYRange WordEndRange_;
+

 struct CYString :
 struct CYString :

-    CYLiteral,
-    CYName
+    CYTrivial,
+    CYPropertyName

 {
     const char *value_;
     size_t size_;
 
 {
     const char *value_;
     size_t size_;
 

+    CYString() :
+        value_(NULL),
+        size_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYString(const char *value) :
+        value_(value),
+        size_(strlen(value))
+    {
+    }
+

     CYString(const char *value, size_t size) :
         value_(value),
         size_(size)
     {
     }
 
     CYString(const char *value, size_t size) :
         value_(value),
         size_(size)
     {
     }
 

-    CYString(const CYIdentifier *identifier) :
-        value_(identifier->Value()),
+    CYString(const CYWord *word) :
+        value_(word->Word()),

         size_(strlen(value_))
     {
     }
         size_(strlen(value_))
     {
     }


@@ -200,16 +854,19 @@ struct CYString :
         return value_;
     }
 
         return value_;
     }
 

-    virtual const char *Name() const {
-        return Value();
-    }
+    virtual const char *Word() const;
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);

 
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYString *Concat(CYContext &out, CYString *rhs) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 struct CYNumber :
 };
 
 struct CYNumber :

-    CYLiteral,
-    CYName
+    CYTrivial,
+    CYPropertyName

 {
     double value_;
 
 {
     double value_;
 


@@ -222,42 +879,63 @@ struct CYNumber :
         return value_;
     }
 
         return value_;
     }
 

-    virtual const char *Name() const {
-        throw;
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYRegEx :
+    CYTrivial
+{
+    const char *value_;
+
+    CYRegEx(const char *value) :
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    const char *Value() const {
+        return value_;

     }
 
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYNull :
     CYWord,
 };
 
 struct CYNull :
     CYWord,

-    CYLiteral
+    CYTrivial

 {
     CYNull() :
         CYWord("null")
     {
     }
 
 {
     CYNull() :
         CYWord("null")
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYThis :
     CYWord,
 };
 
 struct CYThis :
     CYWord,

-    CYExpression
+    CYMagic

 {
     CYThis() :
         CYWord("this")
     {
     }
 
 {
     CYThis() :
         CYWord("this")
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYBoolean :
 };
 
 struct CYBoolean :

-    CYLiteral
+    CYTrivial

 {
     virtual bool Value() const = 0;
 {
     virtual bool Value() const = 0;

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYFalse :
 };
 
 struct CYFalse :


@@ -272,6 +950,9 @@ struct CYFalse :
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return false;
     }
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return false;
     }

+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);

 };
 
 struct CYTrue :
 };
 
 struct CYTrue :


@@ -286,6 +967,9 @@ struct CYTrue :
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return true;
     }
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return true;
     }

+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);

 };
 
 struct CYVariable :
 };
 
 struct CYVariable :


@@ -298,7 +982,16 @@ struct CYVariable :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYVariable(const char *name) :
+        name_(new($pool) CYIdentifier(name))
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYPrefix :
 };
 
 struct CYPrefix :


@@ -311,9 +1004,13 @@ struct CYPrefix :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

+    virtual bool Alphabetic() const = 0;

     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(4)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYInfix :
 };
 
 struct CYInfix :


@@ -328,9 +1025,15 @@ struct CYInfix :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

+    void SetLeft(CYExpression *lhs) {
+        lhs_ = lhs;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Alphabetic() const = 0;

     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYPostfix :
 };
 
 struct CYPostfix :


@@ -345,33 +1048,59 @@ struct CYPostfix :
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(3)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYAssignment :
 };
 
 struct CYAssignment :

-    CYInfix
+    CYExpression

 {
 {

+    CYExpression *lhs_;
+    CYExpression *rhs_;
+

     CYAssignment(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) :
     CYAssignment(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) :

-        CYInfix(lhs, rhs)
+        lhs_(lhs),
+        rhs_(rhs)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

+    void SetLeft(CYExpression *lhs) {
+        lhs_ = lhs;
+    }
+

     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;

+
+    CYPrecedence(16)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYArgument {
+struct CYArgument :
+    CYNext<CYArgument>,
+    CYThing
+{

     CYWord *name_;
     CYExpression *value_;
     CYWord *name_;
     CYExpression *value_;

-    CYArgument *next_;
+
+    CYArgument(CYExpression *value, CYArgument *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYArgument>(next),
+        name_(NULL),
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }

 
     CYArgument(CYWord *name, CYExpression *value, CYArgument *next = NULL) :
 
     CYArgument(CYWord *name, CYExpression *value, CYArgument *next = NULL) :

+        CYNext<CYArgument>(next),

         name_(name),
         name_(name),

-        value_(value),
-        next_(next)
+        value_(value)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    void Output(std::ostream &out, bool send) const;
+    CYArgument *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 struct CYBlank :
 };
 
 struct CYBlank :


@@ -388,80 +1117,154 @@ struct CYClause :
     CYNext<CYClause>
 {
     CYExpression *case_;
     CYNext<CYClause>
 {
     CYExpression *case_;

-    CYStatement *code_;
+    CYStatement *statements_;

 
 

-    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *code) :
+    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *statements) :

         case_(_case),
         case_(_case),

-        code_(code)
+        statements_(statements)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 struct CYElement :
 };
 
 struct CYElement :

-    CYLiteral
+    CYNext<CYElement>,
+    CYThing

 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 {
     CYExpression *value_;

-    CYElement *next_;

 
     CYElement(CYExpression *value, CYElement *next) :
 
     CYElement(CYExpression *value, CYElement *next) :

-        value_(value),
-        next_(next)
+        CYNext<CYElement>(next),
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYArray :
+    CYLiteral
+{
+    CYElement *elements_;
+
+    CYArray(CYElement *elements = NULL) :
+        elements_(elements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYProperty :
+    CYNext<CYProperty>,
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYPropertyName *name_;
+    CYExpression *value_;
+
+    CYProperty(CYPropertyName *name, CYExpression *value, CYProperty *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYProperty>(next),
+        name_(name),
+        value_(value)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    void Output(std::ostream &out, bool raw) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 struct CYDeclaration :
 };
 
 struct CYDeclaration :

-    CYThing,

     CYForInInitialiser
 {
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
     CYExpression *initialiser_;
 
     CYForInInitialiser
 {
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
     CYExpression *initialiser_;
 

-    CYDeclaration(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initialiser) :
+    CYDeclaration(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initialiser = NULL) :

         identifier_(identifier),
         initialiser_(initialiser)
     {
     }
 
         identifier_(identifier),
         initialiser_(initialiser)
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value);
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context);
+    CYVariable *Variable(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYDeclarations :
 };
 
 struct CYDeclarations :

-    CYStatement,
-    CYForInitialiser
+    CYNext<CYDeclarations>,
+    CYThing

 {
     CYDeclaration *declaration_;
 {
     CYDeclaration *declaration_;

-    CYDeclarations *next_;

 
 

-    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next) :
-        declaration_(declaration),
-        next_(next)
+    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYDeclarations>(next),
+        declaration_(declaration)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    CYCompound *Compound(CYContext &context);
+    CYProperty *Property(CYContext &context);
+    CYArgument *Argument(CYContext &context);
+    CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYParameter :
-    CYThing
+struct CYForDeclarations :
+    CYForInitialiser

 {
 {

-    CYIdentifier *name_;
-    CYParameter *next_;
+    CYDeclarations *declarations_;

 
 

-    CYParameter(CYIdentifier *name, CYParameter *next) :
-        name_(name),
-        next_(next)
+    CYForDeclarations(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
+        declarations_(declarations)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYCompound *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYVar :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+
+    CYVar(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
+        declarations_(declarations)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYLetStatement :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+    CYStatement *code_;
+
+    CYLetStatement(CYDeclarations *declarations, CYStatement *code) :
+        declarations_(declarations),
+        code_(code)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYFor :
 };
 
 struct CYFor :


@@ -480,7 +1283,8 @@ struct CYFor :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYForIn :
 };
 
 struct CYForIn :


@@ -497,110 +1301,158 @@ struct CYForIn :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYProperty {
-    CYName *name_;
-    CYExpression *value_;
-    CYProperty *next_;
+struct CYForOf :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYForInInitialiser *initialiser_;
+    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYStatement *code_;

 
 

-    CYProperty(CYName *name, CYExpression *value, CYProperty *next) :
-        name_(name),
-        value_(value),
-        next_(next)
+    CYForOf(CYForInInitialiser *initialiser, CYExpression *set, CYStatement *code) :
+        initialiser_(initialiser),
+        set_(set),
+        code_(code)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYObject :
     CYLiteral
 {
 };
 
 struct CYObject :
     CYLiteral
 {

-    CYProperty *property_;
+    CYProperty *properties_;

 
 

-    CYObject(CYProperty *property) :
-        property_(property)
+    CYObject(CYProperty *properties = NULL) :
+        properties_(properties)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYCatch :
-    CYThing
+struct CYMember :
+    CYExpression

 {
 {

-    CYIdentifier *name_;
-    CYStatement *code_;
+    CYExpression *object_;
+    CYExpression *property_;

 
 

-    CYCatch(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *code) :
-        name_(name),
-        code_(code)
+    CYMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        object_(object),
+        property_(property)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void SetLeft(CYExpression *object) {
+        object_ = object;
+    }

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYMessage :
-    CYExpression
+struct CYDirectMember :
+    CYMember

 {
 {

-    CYExpression *self_;
-    CYArgument *arguments_;
-
-    CYMessage(CYExpression *self, CYArgument *arguments) :
-        self_(self),
-        arguments_(arguments)
+    CYDirectMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        CYMember(object, property)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYMember :
-    CYExpression
+struct CYIndirectMember :
+    CYMember

 {
 {

-    CYExpression *object_;
-    CYExpression *property_;
-
-    CYMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
-        object_(object),
-        property_(property)
+    CYIndirectMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        CYMember(object, property)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYNew :
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+struct New :

     CYExpression
 {
     CYExpression *constructor_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
     CYExpression
 {
     CYExpression *constructor_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 

-    CYNew(CYExpression *constructor, CYArgument *arguments) :
+    New(CYExpression *constructor, CYArgument *arguments) :

         constructor_(constructor),
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
     }
 
         constructor_(constructor),
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual unsigned Precedence() const {
+        return arguments_ == NULL ? 2 : 1;
+    }
+
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);

 };
 
 };
 

+} }
+

 struct CYCall :
     CYExpression
 {
     CYExpression *function_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
 struct CYCall :
     CYExpression
 {
     CYExpression *function_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 

-    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments) :
+    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :

         function_(function),
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
     }
 
         function_(function),
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+};
+
+struct CYRubyProc;
+
+struct CYRubyBlock :
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYExpression *call_;
+    CYRubyProc *proc_;
+
+    CYRubyBlock(CYExpression *call, CYRubyProc *proc) :
+        call_(call),
+        proc_(proc)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYIf :
 };
 
 struct CYIf :


@@ -610,14 +1462,15 @@ struct CYIf :
     CYStatement *true_;
     CYStatement *false_;
 
     CYStatement *true_;
     CYStatement *false_;
 

-    CYIf(CYExpression *test, CYStatement *_true, CYStatement *_false) :
+    CYIf(CYExpression *test, CYStatement *_true, CYStatement *_false = NULL) :

         test_(test),
         true_(_true),
         false_(_false)
     {
     }
 
         test_(test),
         true_(_true),
         false_(_false)
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYDoWhile :
 };
 
 struct CYDoWhile :


@@ -632,7 +1485,8 @@ struct CYDoWhile :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYWhile :
 };
 
 struct CYWhile :


@@ -647,36 +1501,94 @@ struct CYWhile :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYLambda :
-    CYExpression
-{
+// XXX: this should be split up into CYAnonymousFunction and CYNamedFunction (subclass)
+struct CYFunction {

     CYIdentifier *name_;
     CYIdentifier *name_;

-    CYParameter *parameters_;
-    CYSource *body_;
+    CYFunctionParameter *parameters_;
+    CYBlock code_;

 
 

-    CYLambda(CYIdentifier *name, CYParameter *parameters, CYSource *body) :
+    CYNonLocal *nonlocal_;
+    CYThisScope this_;
+
+    CYFunction(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :

         name_(name),
         parameters_(parameters),
         name_(name),
         parameters_(parameters),

-        body_(body)
+        code_(statements),
+        nonlocal_(NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual ~CYFunction() {
+    }
+
+    void Inject(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Replace_(CYContext &context, bool outer);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+// XXX: this should be split up into CYAnonymousFunctionExpression and CYNamedFunctionExpression
+struct CYFunctionExpression :
+    CYFunction,
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYFunctionExpression(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunction(name, parameters, statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+// XXX: this should derive from CYAnonymousFunction
+struct CYFatArrow :
+    CYFunction,
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYFatArrow(CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunction(NULL, parameters, statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+// XXX: this should derive from CYAnonymousFunctionExpression
+struct CYRubyProc :
+    CYFunctionExpression
+{
+    CYRubyProc(CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters, statements)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYFunction :
-    CYLambda,
-    CYSource
+// XXX: this should derive from CYNamedFunction
+struct CYFunctionStatement :
+    CYFunction,
+    CYStatement

 {
 {

-    CYFunction(CYIdentifier *name, CYParameter *parameters, CYSource *body) :
-        CYLambda(name, parameters, body)
+    CYFunctionStatement(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunction(name, parameters, statements)

     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYExpress :
 };
 
 struct CYExpress :


@@ -687,9 +1599,12 @@ struct CYExpress :
     CYExpress(CYExpression *expression) :
         expression_(expression)
     {
     CYExpress(CYExpression *expression) :
         expression_(expression)
     {

+        if (expression == NULL)
+            throw;

     }
 
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYContinue :
 };
 
 struct CYContinue :


@@ -702,7 +1617,8 @@ struct CYContinue :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYBreak :
 };
 
 struct CYBreak :


@@ -715,7 +1631,8 @@ struct CYBreak :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYReturn :
 };
 
 struct CYReturn :


@@ -728,46 +1645,84 @@ struct CYReturn :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYEmpty :
     CYStatement
 {
 };
 
 struct CYEmpty :
     CYStatement
 {

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out, bool block) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYFinally :
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYBlock code_;
+
+    CYFinally(CYStatement *statements) :
+        code_(statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+struct Catch :
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYBlock code_;
+
+    Catch(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *statements) :
+        name_(name),
+        code_(statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYTry :
+struct Try :

     CYStatement
 {
     CYStatement
 {

-    CYStatement *try_;
-    CYCatch *catch_;
-    CYStatement *finally_;
+    CYBlock code_;
+    Catch *catch_;
+    CYFinally *finally_;

 
 

-    CYTry(CYStatement *_try, CYCatch *_catch, CYStatement *finally) :
-        try_(_try),
+    Try(CYStatement *statements, Catch *_catch, CYFinally *finally) :
+        code_(statements),

         catch_(_catch),
         finally_(finally)
     {
     }
 
         catch_(_catch),
         finally_(finally)
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

-struct CYThrow :
+struct Throw :

     CYStatement
 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 
     CYStatement
 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 

-    CYThrow(CYExpression *value) :
+    Throw(CYExpression *value = NULL) :

         value_(value)
     {
     }
 
         value_(value)
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 };
 

+} }
+

 struct CYWith :
     CYStatement
 {
 struct CYWith :
     CYStatement
 {


@@ -780,7 +1735,8 @@ struct CYWith :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYSwitch :
 };
 
 struct CYSwitch :


@@ -795,7 +1751,19 @@ struct CYSwitch :
     {
     }
 
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYDebugger :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYDebugger()
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYCondition :
 };
 
 struct CYCondition :


@@ -806,12 +1774,16 @@ struct CYCondition :
     CYExpression *false_;
 
     CYCondition(CYExpression *test, CYExpression *_true, CYExpression *_false) :
     CYExpression *false_;
 
     CYCondition(CYExpression *test, CYExpression *_true, CYExpression *_false) :

+        test_(test),

         true_(_true),
         false_(_false)
     {
     }
 
         true_(_true),
         false_(_false)
     {
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(15)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;

 };
 
 struct CYAddressOf :
 };
 
 struct CYAddressOf :


@@ -826,7 +1798,9 @@ struct CYAddressOf :
         return "&";
     }
 
         return "&";
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYAlphabetic(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);

 };
 
 struct CYIndirect :
 };
 
 struct CYIndirect :


@@ -841,13 +1815,18 @@ struct CYIndirect :
         return "*";
     }
 
         return "*";
     }
 

-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYAlphabetic(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);

 };
 
 };
 

-#define CYPostfix_(op, name) \
+#define CYReplace \
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+#define CYPostfix_(op, name, args...) \

     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPostfix \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPostfix \

-    { \
+    { args \

         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs) : \
             CYPostfix(lhs) \
         { \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs) : \
             CYPostfix(lhs) \
         { \


@@ -858,38 +1837,43 @@ struct CYIndirect :
         } \
     };
 
         } \
     };
 

-#define CYPrefix_(op, name) \
+#define CYPrefix_(alphabetic, op, name, args...) \

     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPrefix \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPrefix \

-    { \
+    { args \

         CY ## name(CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYPrefix(rhs) \
         { \
         } \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYPrefix(rhs) \
         { \
         } \

+    \
+        CYAlphabetic(alphabetic) \

     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 

-#define CYInfix_(op, name) \
+#define CYInfix_(alphabetic, precedence, op, name, args...) \

     struct CY ## name : \
         CYInfix \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYInfix \

-    { \
+    { args \

         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYInfix(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         } \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYInfix(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         } \

+    \
+        CYAlphabetic(alphabetic) \
+        CYPrecedence(precedence) \

     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 

-#define CYAssignment_(op, name) \
+#define CYAssignment_(op, name, args...) \

     struct CY ## name ## Assign : \
         CYAssignment \
     struct CY ## name ## Assign : \
         CYAssignment \

-    { \
+    { args \

         CY ## name ## Assign(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYAssignment(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         CY ## name ## Assign(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYAssignment(lhs, rhs) \
         { \


@@ -903,38 +1887,39 @@ struct CYIndirect :
 CYPostfix_("++", PostIncrement)
 CYPostfix_("--", PostDecrement)
 
 CYPostfix_("++", PostIncrement)
 CYPostfix_("--", PostDecrement)
 

-CYPrefix_("delete", Delete)
-CYPrefix_("void", Void)
-CYPrefix_("typeof", TypeOf)
-CYPrefix_("++", PreIncrement)
-CYPrefix_("--", PreDecrement)
-CYPrefix_("-", Negate)
-CYPrefix_("~", BitwiseNot)
-CYPrefix_("!", LogicalNot)
-
-CYInfix_("*", Multiply)
-CYInfix_("/", Divide)
-CYInfix_("%", Modulus)
-CYInfix_("+", Add)
-CYInfix_("-", Subtract)
-CYInfix_("<<", ShiftLeft)
-CYInfix_(">>", ShiftRightSigned)
-CYInfix_(">>>", ShiftRightUnsigned)
-CYInfix_("<", Less)
-CYInfix_(">", Greater)
-CYInfix_("<=", LessOrEqual)
-CYInfix_(">=", GreaterOrEqual)
-CYInfix_("instanceof", InstanceOf)
-CYInfix_("in", In)
-CYInfix_("==", Equal)
-CYInfix_("!=", NotEqual)
-CYInfix_("===", Identical)
-CYInfix_("!==", NotIdentical)
-CYInfix_("&", BitwiseAnd)
-CYInfix_("^", BitwiseXOr)
-CYInfix_("|", BitwiseOr)
-CYInfix_("&&", LogicalAnd)
-CYInfix_("||", LogicalOr)
+CYPrefix_(true, "delete", Delete)
+CYPrefix_(true, "void", Void)
+CYPrefix_(true, "typeof", TypeOf)
+CYPrefix_(false, "++", PreIncrement)
+CYPrefix_(false, "--", PreDecrement)
+CYPrefix_(false, "+", Affirm)
+CYPrefix_(false, "-", Negate)
+CYPrefix_(false, "~", BitwiseNot)
+CYPrefix_(false, "!", LogicalNot)
+
+CYInfix_(false, 5, "*", Multiply)
+CYInfix_(false, 5, "/", Divide)
+CYInfix_(false, 5, "%", Modulus)
+CYInfix_(false, 6, "+", Add, CYReplace)
+CYInfix_(false, 6, "-", Subtract)
+CYInfix_(false, 7, "<<", ShiftLeft)
+CYInfix_(false, 7, ">>", ShiftRightSigned)
+CYInfix_(false, 7, ">>>", ShiftRightUnsigned)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, "<", Less)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, ">", Greater)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, "<=", LessOrEqual)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, ">=", GreaterOrEqual)
+CYInfix_(true, 8, "instanceof", InstanceOf)
+CYInfix_(true, 8, "in", In)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "==", Equal)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "!=", NotEqual)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "===", Identical)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "!==", NotIdentical)
+CYInfix_(false, 10, "&", BitwiseAnd)
+CYInfix_(false, 11, "^", BitwiseXOr)
+CYInfix_(false, 12, "|", BitwiseOr)
+CYInfix_(false, 13, "&&", LogicalAnd)
+CYInfix_(false, 14, "||", LogicalOr)

 
 CYAssignment_("=", )
 CYAssignment_("*=", Multiply)
 
 CYAssignment_("=", )
 CYAssignment_("*=", Multiply)


@@ -949,4 +1934,4 @@ CYAssignment_("&=", BitwiseAnd)
 CYAssignment_("^=", BitwiseXOr)
 CYAssignment_("|=", BitwiseOr)
 
 CYAssignment_("^=", BitwiseXOr)
 CYAssignment_("|=", BitwiseOr)
 

-#endif/*CYPARSER_HPP*/
+#endif/*CYCRIPT_PARSER_HPP*/