Add syntax akin to Java's anonymous inner classes.

[cycript.git] / Replace.cpp

diff --git a/Replace.cpp b/Replace.cpp
index 4d1a2be5d2cf7c5611a0b51249bb1a38e85f28bc..7a99296e95849a93e026b4e524786c5908b8c373 100644 (file)
--- a/Replace.cpp
+++ b/Replace.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 /* }}} */
 
 #include <iomanip>
 /* }}} */
 
 #include <iomanip>

+#include <map>

 
 #include "Replace.hpp"
 #include "Syntax.hpp"
 
 #include "Replace.hpp"
 #include "Syntax.hpp"


@@ -34,6 +35,13 @@ CYFunctionExpression *CYSuperize(CYContext &context, CYFunctionExpression *funct
     return function;
 }
 
     return function;
 }
 

+CYStatement *CYDefineProperty(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *name, bool configurable, bool enumerable, CYProperty *descriptor) {
+    return $E($C3($M($V("Object"), $S("defineProperty")), object, name, $ CYObject(CYList<CYProperty>()
+        ->* (configurable ? $ CYPropertyValue($S("configurable"), $ CYTrue()) : NULL)
+        ->* (enumerable ? $ CYPropertyValue($S("enumerable"), $ CYTrue()) : NULL)
+        ->* descriptor)));
+}
+

 static void CYImplicitReturn(CYStatement *&code) {
     if (CYStatement *&last = CYGetLast(code))
         last = last->Return();
 static void CYImplicitReturn(CYStatement *&code) {
     if (CYStatement *&last = CYGetLast(code))
         last = last->Return();


@@ -70,6 +78,14 @@ CYExpression *CYAddressOf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return $C0($M(rhs_, $S("$cya")));
 }
 
     return $C0($M(rhs_, $S("$cya")));
 }
 

+CYTarget *CYApply::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    CYArgument **argument(&arguments_);
+    while (*argument != NULL)
+        argument = &(*argument)->next_;
+    *argument = $ CYArgument(value);
+    return this;
+}
+

 CYArgument *CYArgument::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
     context.Replace(value_);
     next_ = next_->Replace(context);
 CYArgument *CYArgument::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
     context.Replace(value_);
     next_ = next_->Replace(context);


@@ -84,19 +100,19 @@ CYArgument *CYArgument::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYArray::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    if (elements_ != NULL)
-        elements_->Replace(context);
+CYTarget *CYArray::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYForEach (element, elements_)
+        element->Replace(context);

     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYArrayComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    CYVariable *cyv($V("$cyv"));
+CYTarget *CYArrayComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYIdentifier *cyv(context.Unique());

 
 

-    return $C0($F(NULL, $P1($L($I("$cyv")), comprehensions_->Parameters(context)), $$->*
-        $E($ CYAssign(cyv, $ CYArray()))->*
-        comprehensions_->Replace(context, $E($C1($M(cyv, $S("push")), expression_)))->*
-        $ CYReturn(cyv)
+    return $C0($F(NULL, $P1($B(cyv), comprehensions_->Parameters(context)), $$
+        ->* $E($ CYAssign($V(cyv), $ CYArray()))
+        ->* comprehensions_->Replace(context, $E($C1($M($V(cyv), $S("push")), expression_)))
+        ->* $ CYReturn($V(cyv))

     ));
 }
 
     ));
 }
 


@@ -112,7 +128,10 @@ CYStatement *CYBlock::Return() {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {

+    CYScope scope(true, context);

     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);

+    scope.Close(context);
+

     if (code_ == NULL)
         return $ CYEmpty();
     return this;
     if (code_ == NULL)
         return $ CYEmpty();
     return this;


@@ -122,15 +141,7 @@ CYStatement *CYBreak::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYCall::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
-    CYArgument **argument(&arguments_);
-    while (*argument != NULL)
-        argument = &(*argument)->next_;
-    *argument = $ CYArgument(value);
-    return this;
-}
-
-CYExpression *CYCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     context.Replace(function_);
     arguments_->Replace(context);
     return this;
     context.Replace(function_);
     arguments_->Replace(context);
     return this;


@@ -142,16 +153,15 @@ namespace Syntax {
 void Catch::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
     CYScope scope(true, context);
 
 void Catch::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
     CYScope scope(true, context);
 

-    context.Replace(name_);
-    context.scope_->Declare(context, name_, CYIdentifierCatch);
+    name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierCatch);

 
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);

-    scope.Close(context, code_);
+    scope.Close(context);

 }
 
 } }
 
 }
 
 } }
 

-CYExpression *CYClassExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYClassExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     CYBuilder builder;
 
     CYIdentifier *super(context.Unique());
     CYBuilder builder;
 
     CYIdentifier *super(context.Unique());


@@ -173,25 +183,25 @@ CYExpression *CYClassExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
     context.super_ = old;
 
 
     context.super_ = old;
 

-    return $C1($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, $P($L(super)), $$
-        ->* $ CYVar($L1($L(constructor, tail_->constructor_)))
-        ->* $ CYVar($L1($L(prototype, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, NULL, NULL))))
+    return $C1($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, $P($B(super)), $$
+        ->* $ CYVar($B1($B(constructor, tail_->constructor_)))
+        ->* $ CYVar($B1($B(prototype, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, NULL, NULL))))

         ->* $E($ CYAssign($M($V(prototype), $S("prototype")), $M($V(super), $S("prototype"))))
         ->* $E($ CYAssign($V(prototype), $N($V(prototype))))
         ->* $E($ CYAssign($M($V(prototype), $S("prototype")), $M($V(super), $S("prototype"))))
         ->* $E($ CYAssign($V(prototype), $N($V(prototype))))

-        ->* $E($ CYAssign($M($V(prototype), $S("constructor")), $V(constructor)))
-        ->* $ CYVar(builder.declarations_)
+        ->* CYDefineProperty($V(prototype), $S("constructor"), false, false, $ CYPropertyValue($S("value"), $V(constructor)))
+        ->* $ CYVar(builder.bindings_)

         ->* builder.statements_
         ->* builder.statements_

-        ->* $E($ CYAssign($M($V(constructor), $S("prototype")), $V(prototype)))
+        ->* CYDefineProperty($V(constructor), $S("prototype"), false, false, $ CYPropertyValue($S("value"), $V(prototype)))

         ->* $ CYReturn($V(constructor))
     ), tail_->extends_ ?: $V($I("Object")));
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYClassStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {
         ->* $ CYReturn($V(constructor))
     ), tail_->extends_ ?: $V($I("Object")));
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYClassStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    return $ CYVar($L1($L(name_, $ CYClassExpression(name_, tail_))));
+    return $ CYVar($B1($B(name_, $ CYClassExpression(name_, tail_))));

 }
 
 void CYClause::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 }
 
 void CYClause::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()

-    context.Replace(case_);
+    context.Replace(value_);

     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     next_->Replace(context);
 }
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     next_->Replace(context);
 }


@@ -251,25 +261,24 @@ void CYContext::NonLocal(CYStatement *&statements) {
     CYContext &context(*this);
 
     if (nextlocal_ != NULL && nextlocal_->identifier_ != NULL) {
     CYContext &context(*this);
 
     if (nextlocal_ != NULL && nextlocal_->identifier_ != NULL) {

-        CYIdentifier *cye($I("$cye")->Replace(context));
-        CYIdentifier *unique(nextlocal_->identifier_->Replace(context));
+        CYIdentifier *cye($I("$cye")->Replace(context, CYIdentifierGlobal));
+        CYIdentifier *unique(nextlocal_->identifier_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierGlobal));

 
         CYStatement *declare(
 
         CYStatement *declare(

-            $ CYVar($L1($L(unique, $ CYObject()))));
+            $ CYVar($B1($B(unique, $ CYObject()))));

 
         cy::Syntax::Catch *rescue(
 
         cy::Syntax::Catch *rescue(

-            $ cy::Syntax::Catch(cye, $$->*
-                $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($M($V(cye), $S("$cyk")), $V(unique)), $$->*
-                    $ CYReturn($M($V(cye), $S("$cyv"))))->*
-                $ cy::Syntax::Throw($V(cye))));
+            $ cy::Syntax::Catch(cye, $$
+                ->* $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($M($V(cye), $S("$cyk")), $V(unique)), $$
+                    ->* $ CYReturn($M($V(cye), $S("$cyv"))))
+                ->* $ cy::Syntax::Throw($V(cye))));

 
 

-        // XXX: I don't understand any of this

         context.Replace(declare);
         rescue->Replace(context);
 
         context.Replace(declare);
         rescue->Replace(context);
 

-        statements = $$->*
-            declare->*
-            $ cy::Syntax::Try(statements, rescue, NULL);
+        statements = $$
+            ->* declare
+            ->* $ cy::Syntax::Try(statements, rescue, NULL);

     }
 }
 
     }
 }
 


@@ -285,45 +294,26 @@ CYStatement *CYDebugger::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYAssignment *CYDeclaration::Assignment(CYContext &context) {
-    if (initialiser_ == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-
-    CYAssignment *value($ CYAssign(Variable(context), initialiser_));
-    initialiser_ = NULL;
-    return value;
-}
-
-CYVariable *CYDeclaration::Variable(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYBinding::Target(CYContext &context) {

     return $V(identifier_);
 }
 
     return $V(identifier_);
 }
 

-CYStatement *CYDeclaration::ForEachIn(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
-    return $ CYVar($L1($ CYDeclaration(identifier_, value)));
-}
-
-CYExpression *CYDeclaration::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    context.Replace(identifier_);
-    context.scope_->Declare(context, identifier_, CYIdentifierVariable);
-    return Variable(context);
-}
+CYAssignment *CYBinding::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind) {
+    identifier_ = identifier_->Replace(context, kind);

 
 

-void CYDeclarations::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
-    declaration_->Replace(context);
-    next_->Replace(context);
-}
+    if (initializer_ == NULL)
+        return NULL;

 
 

-CYFunctionParameter *CYDeclarations::Parameter(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
-    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(declaration_->identifier_), next_->Parameter(context));
+    CYAssignment *value($ CYAssign(Target(context), initializer_));
+    initializer_ = NULL;
+    return value;

 }
 
 }
 

-CYArgument *CYDeclarations::Argument(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
-    return $ CYArgument(declaration_->initialiser_, next_->Argument(context));
-}
+CYExpression *CYBindings::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind) { $T(NULL)
+    CYAssignment *assignment(binding_->Replace(context, kind));
+    CYExpression *compound(next_->Replace(context, kind));

 
 

-CYExpression *CYDeclarations::Expression(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
-    CYExpression *compound(next_->Expression(context));
-    if (CYAssignment *assignment = declaration_->Assignment(context))
+    if (assignment != NULL)

         if (compound == NULL)
             compound = assignment;
         else
         if (compound == NULL)
             compound = assignment;
         else


@@ -331,7 +321,15 @@ CYExpression *CYDeclarations::Expression(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
     return compound;
 }
 
     return compound;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYDirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYFunctionParameter *CYBindings::Parameter(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYBinding(binding_->identifier_), next_->Parameter(context));
+}
+
+CYArgument *CYBindings::Argument(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
+    return $ CYArgument(binding_->initializer_, next_->Argument(context));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYDirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     context.Replace(object_);
     context.Replace(property_);
     return this;
     context.Replace(object_);
     context.Replace(property_);
     return this;


@@ -349,41 +347,42 @@ void CYElementSpread::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
 void CYElementValue::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
 
 void CYElementValue::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);

-    if (next_ != NULL)
-        next_->Replace(context);

 }
 
 }
 

-CYStatement *CYEmpty::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYForInitializer *CYEmpty::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return NULL;
 }
 
     return NULL;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYEncodedType::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYEncodedType::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return typed_->Replace(context);
 }
 
     return typed_->Replace(context);
 }
 

+CYTarget *CYEval::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    context.scope_->Damage();
+    if (arguments_ != NULL)
+        arguments_->value_ = $C1($M($V("Cycript"), $S("compile")), arguments_->value_);
+    return $C($V("eval"), arguments_);
+}
+

 CYStatement *CYExpress::Return() {
     return $ CYReturn(expression_);
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYExpress::Return() {
     return $ CYReturn(expression_);
 }
 

-CYStatement *CYExpress::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYForInitializer *CYExpress::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     context.Replace(expression_);
     return this;
 }
 
     context.Replace(expression_);
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYExpression::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+CYTarget *CYExpression::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {

     return $C1(this, value);
 }
 
     return $C1(this, value);
 }
 

-CYStatement *CYExpression::ForEachIn(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
-    return $E($ CYAssign(this, value));
-}
-
-CYAssignment *CYExpression::Assignment(CYContext &context) {
+CYFunctionParameter *CYExpression::Parameter() const {

     return NULL;
 }
 
     return NULL;
 }
 

-CYFunctionParameter *CYExpression::Parameter() const {
-    return NULL;
+CYTarget *CYExtend::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return object_.Replace(context, lhs_);

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYExternal::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYExternal::Replace(CYContext &context) {


@@ -405,77 +404,114 @@ CYExpression *CYFatArrow::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 void CYFinally::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 }
 
 void CYFinally::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()

+    CYScope scope(true, context);

     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);

+    scope.Close(context);

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYFor::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYFor::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    context.Replace(initialiser_);
+    CYScope outer(true, context);
+    context.Replace(initializer_);
+

     context.Replace(test_);
     context.Replace(test_);

+
+    {
+        CYScope inner(true, context);
+        context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+        inner.Close(context);
+    }
+

     context.Replace(increment_);
     context.Replace(increment_);

-    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+
+    outer.Close(context);

     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYForDeclarations::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    declarations_->Replace(context);
-    return declarations_->Expression(context);
+CYStatement *CYForLexical::Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        if (binding_->initializer_ == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+        value = binding_->initializer_;
+    }
+
+    return $ CYLexical(constant_, $B1($ CYBinding(binding_->identifier_, value)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYForLexical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    _assert(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierLexical) == NULL);
+    return binding_->Target(context);

 }
 
 }
 

-// XXX: this still feels highly suboptimal

 CYStatement *CYForIn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 CYStatement *CYForIn::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    if (CYAssignment *assignment = initialiser_->Assignment(context))
-        return $ CYBlock($$->*
-            $E(assignment)->*
-            this
-        );
-
-    context.Replace(initialiser_);
-    context.Replace(set_);
+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    context.Replace(initializer_);
+    context.Replace(iterable_);

     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);

+    scope.Close(context);

     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

+CYStatement *CYForInitialized::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYAssignment *assignment(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierVariable));
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* (assignment == NULL ? NULL : $ CYExpress(assignment))
+        ->* $ CYForIn(binding_->Target(context), iterable_, code_));
+}
+

 CYFunctionParameter *CYForInComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
 CYFunctionParameter *CYForInComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {

-    return $ CYFunctionParameter(declaration_);
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter(binding_);

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForInComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForInComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {

-    return $ CYForIn(declaration_->Variable(context), set_, CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement));
+    return $ CYForIn(binding_->Target(context), iterable_, CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement));

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForOf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForOf::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    if (CYAssignment *assignment = initialiser_->Assignment(context))
-        return $ CYBlock($$->*
-            $E(assignment)->*
-            this
-        );
-
-    CYIdentifier *cys($I("$cys")), *cyt($I("$cyt"));
-
-    return $ CYLetStatement($L2($ CYDeclaration(cys, set_), $ CYDeclaration(cyt)), $$->*
-        $ CYForIn($V(cyt), $V(cys), $ CYBlock($$->*
-            initialiser_->ForEachIn(context, $M($V(cys), $V(cyt)))->*
-            code_
-        ))
-    );
+    CYIdentifier *item(context.Unique()), *list(context.Unique());
+
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* initializer_->Initialize(context, NULL)
+        ->* $ CYLexical(false, $B2($B(list, iterable_), $B(item)))
+        ->* $ CYForIn($V(item), $V(list), $ CYBlock($$
+            ->* initializer_->Initialize(context, $M($V(list), $V(item)))
+            ->* code_
+    )));

 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYForOfComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYForOfComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {

-    return $ CYFunctionParameter(declaration_);
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter(binding_);

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForOfComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForOfComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {

-    CYIdentifier *cys($I("$cys"));
-
-    return $E($C0($F(NULL, $P1($L($I("$cys"))), $$->*
-        $E($ CYAssign($V(cys), set_))->*
-        $ CYForIn(declaration_->Variable(context), $V(cys), $ CYBlock($$->*
-            $E($ CYAssign(declaration_->Variable(context), $M($V(cys), declaration_->Variable(context))))->*
-            CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement)
-        ))
+    CYIdentifier *cys(context.Unique());
+
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B(cys, iterable_)))
+        ->* $ CYForIn(binding_->Target(context), $V(cys), $ CYBlock($$
+            ->* $E($ CYAssign(binding_->Target(context), $M($V(cys), binding_->Target(context))))
+            ->* CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement)

     )));
 }
 
     )));
 }
 

+CYStatement *CYForVariable::Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        if (binding_->initializer_ == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+        value = binding_->initializer_;
+    }
+
+    return $ CYVar($B1($ CYBinding(binding_->identifier_, value)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYForVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    _assert(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierVariable) == NULL);
+    return binding_->Target(context);
+}
+
+// XXX: this is evil evil black magic. don't ask, don't tell... don't believe!
+#define MappingSet "0etnirsoalfucdphmgyvbxTwSNECAFjDLkMOIBPqzRH$_WXUVGYKQJZ"
+//#define MappingSet "0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$_"
+

 void CYFunction::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     CYThisScope *_this(context.this_);
     context.this_ = &this_;
 void CYFunction::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     CYThisScope *_this(context.this_);
     context.this_ = &this_;


@@ -499,6 +535,8 @@ void CYFunction::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
     CYScope scope(!localize, context);
 
 
     CYScope scope(!localize, context);
 

+    $I("arguments")->Replace(context, CYIdentifierMagic);
+

     parameters_->Replace(context, code_);
 
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     parameters_->Replace(context, code_);
 
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);


@@ -509,9 +547,8 @@ void CYFunction::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     if (CYIdentifier *identifier = this_.identifier_) {
         context.scope_->Declare(context, identifier, CYIdentifierVariable);
         code_ = $$
     if (CYIdentifier *identifier = this_.identifier_) {
         context.scope_->Declare(context, identifier, CYIdentifierVariable);
         code_ = $$

-            ->*$E($ CYAssign($V(identifier), $ CYThis()))
-            ->*code_
-        ;
+            ->* $E($ CYAssign($V(identifier), $ CYThis()))
+            ->* code_;

     }
 
     if (localize)
     }
 
     if (localize)


@@ -526,41 +563,41 @@ void CYFunction::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     scope.Close(context, code_);
 }
 
     scope.Close(context, code_);
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYFunctionExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYFunctionExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     CYScope scope(false, context);
     if (name_ != NULL)
     CYScope scope(false, context);
     if (name_ != NULL)

-        context.scope_->Declare(context, name_, CYIdentifierOther);
+        name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierOther);
+

     CYFunction::Replace(context);
     CYFunction::Replace(context);

-    scope.Close(context, code_);
+    scope.Close(context);

     return this;
 }
 
 void CYFunctionParameter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) { $T()
     return this;
 }
 
 void CYFunctionParameter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) { $T()

-    CYAssignment *assignment(initialiser_->Assignment(context));
-    context.Replace(initialiser_);
+    CYAssignment *assignment(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierArgument));

 
     next_->Replace(context, statements);
 
     if (assignment != NULL)
 
     next_->Replace(context, statements);
 
     if (assignment != NULL)

-        statements = $$->*
-            // XXX: this cast is quite incorrect
-            $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($ CYTypeOf(dynamic_cast<CYExpression *>(initialiser_)), $S("undefined")), $$->*
-                $E(assignment)
-            )->*
-            statements;
+        statements = $$
+            ->* $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($ CYTypeOf(binding_->Target(context)), $S("undefined")), $$
+                ->* $E(assignment))
+            ->* statements;

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYFunctionStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYFunctionStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    context.scope_->Declare(context, name_, CYIdentifierOther);
+    name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierOther);

     CYFunction::Replace(context);
     return this;
 }
 
     CYFunction::Replace(context);
     return this;
 }
 

-CYIdentifier *CYIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    if (replace_ != NULL && replace_ != this)
-        return replace_->Replace(context);
-    replace_ = context.scope_->Lookup(context, this);
-    return replace_;
+CYIdentifier *CYIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind) {
+    if (next_ == this)
+        return this;
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        return next_->Replace(context, kind);
+    next_ = context.scope_->Declare(context, this, kind)->identifier_;
+    return next_;

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYIf::Return() {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYIf::Return() {


@@ -585,14 +622,35 @@ CYStatement *CYIfComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *stateme
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYImport::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYImport::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    return $ CYVar($L1($L($I(module_->part_->Word()), $C1($V("require"), module_->Replace(context, "/")))));
+    return $ CYVar($B1($B($I(module_->part_->Word()), $C1($V("require"), module_->Replace(context, "/")))));

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYIndirect::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYStatement *CYImportDeclaration::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYIdentifier *module(context.Unique());
+
+    CYList<CYStatement> statements;
+    CYForEach (specifier, specifiers_)
+        statements->*specifier->Replace(context, module);
+
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B(module, $C1($V("require"), module_))))
+        ->* statements);
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYImportSpecifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *module) {
+    binding_ = binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierLexical);
+
+    CYExpression *import($V(module));
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        import = $M(import, $S(name_));
+    return $E($ CYAssign($V(binding_), import));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYIndirect::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $M(rhs_, $S("$cyi"));
 }
 
     return $M(rhs_, $S("$cyi"));
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYIndirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYIndirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $M($ CYIndirect(object_), property_);
 }
 
     return $M($ CYIndirect(object_), property_);
 }
 


@@ -607,12 +665,14 @@ CYStatement *CYLabel::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYLambda::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYLambda::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $N2($V("Functor"), $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_->Parameters(context), code_), parameters_->TypeSignature(context, typed_->Replace(context)));
 }
 
     return $N2($V("Functor"), $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_->Parameters(context), code_), parameters_->TypeSignature(context, typed_->Replace(context)));
 }
 

-CYStatement *CYLetStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return $E($ CYCall(CYNonLocalize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, declarations_->Parameter(context), code_)), declarations_->Argument(context)));
+CYForInitializer *CYLexical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    if (CYExpression *expression = bindings_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierLexical))
+        return $E(expression);
+    return $ CYEmpty();

 }
 
 CYFunctionExpression *CYMethod::Constructor() {
 }
 
 CYFunctionExpression *CYMethod::Constructor() {


@@ -642,12 +702,12 @@ CYExpression *CYMultiply::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 namespace cy {
 namespace Syntax {
 
 namespace cy {
 namespace Syntax {
 

-CYExpression *New::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+CYTarget *New::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {

     CYSetLast(arguments_) = $ CYArgument(value);
     return this;
 }
 
     CYSetLast(arguments_) = $ CYArgument(value);
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *New::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *New::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     context.Replace(constructor_);
     arguments_->Replace(context);
     return this;
     context.Replace(constructor_);
     arguments_->Replace(context);
     return this;


@@ -676,25 +736,31 @@ CYExpression *CYNumber::PropertyName(CYContext &context) {
     return String(context);
 }
 
     return String(context);
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYObject::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYObject::Replace(CYContext &context, CYTarget *seed) {

     CYBuilder builder;
     if (properties_ != NULL)
     CYBuilder builder;
     if (properties_ != NULL)

-        properties_ = properties_->ReplaceAll(context, builder, $ CYThis(), false);
+        properties_ = properties_->ReplaceAll(context, builder, $ CYThis(), seed != this);

 
     if (builder) {
 
     if (builder) {

-        return $C1($M($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, builder.declarations_->Parameter(context),
-            builder.statements_->*
-                $ CYReturn($ CYThis())
-        ), $S("call")), this, builder.declarations_->Argument(context));
+        return $C1($M($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, builder.bindings_->Parameter(context),
+            builder.statements_
+                ->* $ CYReturn($ CYThis())
+        ), $S("call")), seed, builder.bindings_->Argument(context));

     }
 
     CYForEach (property, properties_)
         property->Replace(context);
     }
 
     CYForEach (property, properties_)
         property->Replace(context);

-    return this;
+    return seed;

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYParenthetical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return expression_;
+CYTarget *CYObject::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return Replace(context, this);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYParenthetical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    // XXX: return expression_;
+    context.Replace(expression_);
+    return this;

 }
 
 CYExpression *CYPostfix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYPostfix::Replace(CYContext &context) {


@@ -708,65 +774,68 @@ CYExpression *CYPrefix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYProperty *CYProperty::ReplaceAll(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool update) {
 }
 
 CYProperty *CYProperty::ReplaceAll(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool update) {

-    update |= name_->Computed();
+    update |= Update();

     if (update)
     if (update)

-        Replace(context, builder, self, true);
+        Replace(context, builder, self, false);

     if (next_ != NULL)
         next_ = next_->ReplaceAll(context, builder, self, update);
     return update ? next_ : this;
 }
 
     if (next_ != NULL)
         next_ = next_->ReplaceAll(context, builder, self, update);
     return update ? next_ : this;
 }
 

-void CYProperty::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool computed) {
+void CYProperty::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool protect) {

     CYExpression *name(name_->PropertyName(context));
     CYExpression *name(name_->PropertyName(context));

-    if (computed) {
+    if (name_->Computed()) {

         CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
         CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());

-        builder.declarations_->*$L1($L(unique, name));
+        builder.bindings_
+            ->* $B1($B(unique, name));

         name = $V(unique);
     }
 
         name = $V(unique);
     }
 

-    Replace(context, builder, self, name);
+    Replace(context, builder, self, name, protect);
+}
+
+bool CYProperty::Update() const {
+    return name_->Computed();

 }
 
 }
 

-void CYPropertyGetter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name) {
+void CYPropertyGetter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {

     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());

-    builder.declarations_
-        ->* $L1($L(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));

     builder.statements_
     builder.statements_

-        ->* $E($C3($M($V("Object"), $S("defineProperty")), self, name, $ CYObject(CYList<CYProperty>()
-            ->* $ CYPropertyValue($S("configurable"), $ CYTrue())
-            ->* $ CYPropertyValue($S("enumerable"), $ CYTrue())
-            ->* $ CYPropertyValue($S("get"), $V(unique))
-        )));
+        ->* CYDefineProperty(self, name, true, !protect, $ CYPropertyValue($S("get"), $V(unique)));

 }
 
 CYFunctionExpression *CYPropertyMethod::Constructor() {
     return name_->Constructor() ? $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_) : NULL;
 }
 
 }
 
 CYFunctionExpression *CYPropertyMethod::Constructor() {
     return name_->Constructor() ? $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_) : NULL;
 }
 

-void CYPropertyMethod::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name) {
+void CYPropertyMethod::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {

     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());

-    builder.declarations_
-        ->* $L1($L(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));

     builder.statements_
     builder.statements_

-        ->* $E($ CYAssign($M(self, name), $V(unique)));
+        ->* (!protect ? $E($ CYAssign($M(self, name), $V(unique))) :
+            CYDefineProperty(self, name, true, !protect, $ CYPropertyValue($S("value"), $V(unique), $ CYPropertyValue($S("writable"), $ CYTrue()))));
+}
+
+bool CYPropertyMethod::Update() const {
+    return true;

 }
 
 }
 

-void CYPropertySetter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name) {
+void CYPropertySetter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {

     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());

-    builder.declarations_
-        ->* $L1($L(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));

     builder.statements_
     builder.statements_

-        ->* $E($C3($M($V("Object"), $S("defineProperty")), self, name, $ CYObject(CYList<CYProperty>()
-            ->* $ CYPropertyValue($S("configurable"), $ CYTrue())
-            ->* $ CYPropertyValue($S("enumerable"), $ CYTrue())
-            ->* $ CYPropertyValue($S("set"), $V(unique))
-        )));
+        ->* CYDefineProperty(self, name, true, !protect, $ CYPropertyValue($S("set"), $V(unique)));

 }
 
 }
 

-void CYPropertyValue::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name) {
+void CYPropertyValue::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {
+    _assert(!protect);

     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
     CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());

-    builder.declarations_
-        ->* $L1($L(unique, value_));
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, value_));

     builder.statements_
         ->* $E($ CYAssign($M(self, name), $V(unique)));
 }
     builder.statements_
         ->* $E($ CYAssign($M(self, name), $V(unique)));
 }


@@ -775,26 +844,9 @@ void CYPropertyValue::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
 }
 
     context.Replace(value_);
 }
 

-// XXX: this is evil evil black magic. don't ask, don't tell... don't believe!
-#define MappingSet "0etnirsoalfucdphmgyvbxTwSNECAFjDLkMOIBPqzRH$_WXUVGYKQJZ"
-//#define MappingSet "0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$_"
-
-namespace {
-    struct IdentifierUsageLess :
-        std::binary_function<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifier *, bool>
-    {
-        _finline bool operator ()(CYIdentifier *lhs, CYIdentifier *rhs) const {
-            if (lhs->usage_ != rhs->usage_)
-                return lhs->usage_ > rhs->usage_;
-            return lhs < rhs;
-        }
-    };
-
-    typedef std::set<CYIdentifier *, IdentifierUsageLess> IdentifierUsages;
-}
-

 void CYScript::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 void CYScript::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    CYScope scope(false, context);
+    context.scope_->Damage();

 
     context.nextlocal_ = $ CYNonLocal();
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 
     context.nextlocal_ = $ CYNonLocal();
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);


@@ -802,32 +854,18 @@ void CYScript::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
     scope.Close(context, code_);
 
 
     scope.Close(context, code_);
 

-    size_t offset(0);
-
-    CYCStringSet external;
-    for (CYIdentifierValueSet::const_iterator i(scope.identifiers_.begin()); i != scope.identifiers_.end(); ++i)
-        external.insert((*i)->Word());
-
-    IdentifierUsages usages;
-
-    if (offset < context.rename_.size())
-        CYForEach (i, context.rename_[offset].identifier_)
-            usages.insert(i);
-
-    // XXX: totalling the probable occurrences and sorting by them would improve the result
-    for (CYIdentifierUsageVector::const_iterator i(context.rename_.begin()); i != context.rename_.end(); ++i, ++offset) {
-        //std::cout << *i << ":" << (*i)->offset_ << std::endl;
+    unsigned offset(0);

 
 

+    for (std::vector<CYIdentifier *>::const_iterator i(context.replace_.begin()); i != context.replace_.end(); ++i) {

         const char *name;
         const char *name;

-

         if (context.options_.verbose_)
         if (context.options_.verbose_)

-            name = $pool.strcat("$", $pool.itoa(offset), NULL);
+            name = $pool.strcat("$", $pool.itoa(offset++), NULL);

         else {
             char id[8];
             id[7] = '\0';
 
           id:
         else {
             char id[8];
             id[7] = '\0';
 
           id:

-            unsigned position(7), local(offset + 1);
+            unsigned position(7), local(offset++ + 1);

 
             do {
                 unsigned index(local % (sizeof(MappingSet) - 1));
 
             do {
                 unsigned index(local % (sizeof(MappingSet) - 1));


@@ -835,20 +873,23 @@ void CYScript::Replace(CYContext &context) {
                 id[--position] = MappingSet[index];
             } while (local != 0);
 
                 id[--position] = MappingSet[index];
             } while (local != 0);
 

-            if (external.find(id + position) != external.end()) {
-                ++offset;
+            if (scope.Lookup(context, id + position) != NULL)

                 goto id;
                 goto id;

-            }
+            // XXX: at some point, this could become a keyword

 
             name = $pool.strmemdup(id + position, 7 - position);
 
             name = $pool.strmemdup(id + position, 7 - position);

-            // XXX: at some point, this could become a keyword

         }
 
         }
 

-        CYForEach (identifier, i->identifier_)
-            identifier->Set(name);
+        CYIdentifier *identifier(*i);
+        _assert(identifier->next_ == identifier);
+        identifier->next_ = $I(name);

     }
 }
 
     }
 }
 

+CYTarget *CYResolveMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $M($M(object_, $S("$cyr")), property_);
+}
+

 CYStatement *CYReturn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     if (context.nonlocal_ != NULL) {
         CYProperty *value(value_ == NULL ? NULL : $ CYPropertyValue($S("$cyv"), value_));
 CYStatement *CYReturn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     if (context.nonlocal_ != NULL) {
         CYProperty *value(value_ == NULL ? NULL : $ CYPropertyValue($S("$cyv"), value_));


@@ -861,15 +902,15 @@ CYStatement *CYReturn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYRubyBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return call_->AddArgument(context, proc_->Replace(context));
+CYTarget *CYRubyBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return lhs_->AddArgument(context, proc_->Replace(context));

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYRubyBlock::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+CYTarget *CYRubyBlock::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {

     return Replace(context)->AddArgument(context, value);
 }
 
     return Replace(context)->AddArgument(context, value);
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYRubyProc::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYRubyProc::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     CYFunctionExpression *function($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_));
     function = CYNonLocalize(context, function);
     function->implicit_ = true;
     CYFunctionExpression *function($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_));
     function = CYNonLocalize(context, function);
     function->implicit_ = true;


@@ -878,116 +919,155 @@ CYExpression *CYRubyProc::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
 CYScope::CYScope(bool transparent, CYContext &context) :
     transparent_(transparent),
 
 CYScope::CYScope(bool transparent, CYContext &context) :
     transparent_(transparent),

-    parent_(context.scope_)
+    parent_(context.scope_),
+    damaged_(false),
+    shadow_(NULL),
+    internal_(NULL)

 {
 {

+    _assert(!transparent_ || parent_ != NULL);

     context.scope_ = this;
 }
 
     context.scope_ = this;
 }
 

-void CYScope::Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags) {
-    if (!transparent_ || flags == CYIdentifierArgument || flags == CYIdentifierCatch)
-        internal_.insert(CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap::value_type(identifier, flags));
-    else if (parent_ != NULL)
-        parent_->Declare(context, identifier, flags);
+void CYScope::Damage() {
+    damaged_ = true;
+    if (parent_ != NULL)
+        parent_->Damage();

 }
 
 }
 

-CYIdentifier *CYScope::Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier) {
-    std::pair<CYIdentifierValueSet::iterator, bool> insert(identifiers_.insert(identifier));
-    return *insert.first;
+CYIdentifierFlags *CYScope::Lookup(CYContext &context, const char *word) {
+    CYForEach (i, internal_)
+        if (strcmp(i->identifier_->Word(), word) == 0)
+            return i;
+    return NULL;

 }
 
 }
 

-void CYScope::Merge(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier) {
-    std::pair<CYIdentifierValueSet::iterator, bool> insert(identifiers_.insert(identifier));
-    if (!insert.second) {
-        if ((*insert.first)->offset_ < identifier->offset_)
-            (*insert.first)->offset_ = identifier->offset_;
-        identifier->replace_ = *insert.first;
-        (*insert.first)->usage_ += identifier->usage_ + 1;
-    }
+CYIdentifierFlags *CYScope::Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier) {
+    return Lookup(context, identifier->Word());

 }
 
 }
 

-namespace {
-    struct IdentifierOffset {
-        size_t offset_;
-        CYIdentifierFlags flags_;
-        size_t usage_;
-        CYIdentifier *identifier_;
+CYIdentifierFlags *CYScope::Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierKind kind) {
+    _assert(identifier->next_ == NULL || identifier->next_ == identifier);

 
 

-        IdentifierOffset(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags) :
-            offset_(identifier->offset_),
-            flags_(flags),
-            usage_(identifier->usage_),
-            identifier_(identifier)
-        {
-        }
-    };
+    CYIdentifierFlags *existing(Lookup(context, identifier));
+    if (existing == NULL)
+        internal_ = $ CYIdentifierFlags(identifier, kind, internal_);
+    ++internal_->count_;
+    if (existing == NULL)
+        return internal_;

 
 

-    struct IdentifierOffsetLess :
-        std::binary_function<const IdentifierOffset &, const IdentifierOffset &, bool>
-    {
-        _finline bool operator ()(const IdentifierOffset &lhs, const IdentifierOffset &rhs) const {
-            if (lhs.offset_ != rhs.offset_)
-                return lhs.offset_ < rhs.offset_;
-            if (lhs.flags_ != rhs.flags_)
-                return lhs.flags_ < rhs.flags_;
-            /*if (lhs.usage_ != rhs.usage_)
-                return lhs.usage_ < rhs.usage_;*/
-            return lhs.identifier_ < rhs.identifier_;
-        }
-    };
+    if (kind == CYIdentifierGlobal);
+    else if (existing->kind_ == CYIdentifierGlobal || existing->kind_ == CYIdentifierMagic)
+        existing->kind_ = kind;
+    else if (existing->kind_ == CYIdentifierLexical || kind == CYIdentifierLexical)
+        _assert(false); // XXX: throw new SyntaxError()

 
 

-    typedef std::set<IdentifierOffset, IdentifierOffsetLess> IdentifierOffsets;
+    return existing;
+}
+
+void CYScope::Merge(CYContext &context, const CYIdentifierFlags *flags) {
+    _assert(flags->identifier_->next_ == flags->identifier_);
+    CYIdentifierFlags *existing(Declare(context, flags->identifier_, flags->kind_));
+    flags->identifier_->next_ = existing->identifier_;
+
+    existing->count_ += flags->count_;
+    if (existing->offset_ < flags->offset_)
+        existing->offset_ = flags->offset_;

 }
 
 void CYScope::Close(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) {
 }
 
 void CYScope::Close(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) {

+    Close(context);
+
+    CYList<CYBindings> bindings;
+
+    CYForEach (i, internal_)
+        if (i->kind_ == CYIdentifierVariable)
+            bindings
+                ->* $ CYBindings($ CYBinding(i->identifier_));
+
+    if (bindings) {
+        CYVar *var($ CYVar(bindings));
+        var->SetNext(statements);
+        statements = var;
+    }
+}
+
+void CYScope::Close(CYContext &context) {

     context.scope_ = parent_;
 
     context.scope_ = parent_;
 

-    if (parent_ == NULL)
-        return;
+    CYForEach (i, internal_) {
+        _assert(i->identifier_->next_ == i->identifier_);
+    switch (i->kind_) {
+        case CYIdentifierArgument: {
+            _assert(!transparent_);
+        } break;
+
+        case CYIdentifierLexical: {
+            if (!damaged_) {
+                CYIdentifier *replace(context.Unique());
+                replace->next_ = replace;
+                i->identifier_->next_ = replace;
+                i->identifier_ = replace;
+            }

 
 

-    CYDeclarations *last(NULL), *curr(NULL);
+            if (!transparent_)
+                i->kind_ = CYIdentifierVariable;
+            else
+                parent_->Declare(context, i->identifier_, CYIdentifierVariable);
+        } break;

 
 

-    IdentifierOffsets offsets;
+        case CYIdentifierVariable: {
+            if (transparent_) {
+                parent_->Declare(context, i->identifier_, i->kind_);
+                i->kind_ = CYIdentifierGlobal;
+            }
+        } break;
+    default:; } }

 
 

-    for (CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap::const_iterator i(internal_.begin()); i != internal_.end(); ++i)
-        if (i->second != CYIdentifierMagic)
-            offsets.insert(IdentifierOffset(i->first, i->second));
+    if (damaged_)
+        return;

 
 

-    size_t offset(0);
+    typedef std::multimap<unsigned, CYIdentifier *> CYIdentifierOffsetMap;
+    CYIdentifierOffsetMap offsets;

 
 

-    for (IdentifierOffsets::const_iterator i(offsets.begin()); i != offsets.end(); ++i) {
-        if (i->flags_ == CYIdentifierVariable) {
-            CYDeclarations *next($ CYDeclarations($ CYDeclaration(i->identifier_)));
-            if (last == NULL)
-                last = next;
-            if (curr != NULL)
-                curr->SetNext(next);
-            curr = next;
-        }
+    CYForEach (i, internal_) {
+        _assert(i->identifier_->next_ == i->identifier_);
+    switch (i->kind_) {
+        case CYIdentifierArgument:
+        case CYIdentifierVariable:
+            offsets.insert(CYIdentifierOffsetMap::value_type(i->offset_, i->identifier_));
+        break;
+    default:; } }

 
 

-        if (offset < i->offset_)
-            offset = i->offset_;
-        if (context.rename_.size() <= offset)
-            context.rename_.resize(offset + 1);
+    unsigned offset(0);

 
 

-        CYIdentifierUsage &rename(context.rename_[offset++]);
-        i->identifier_->SetNext(rename.identifier_);
-        rename.identifier_ = i->identifier_;
-        rename.usage_ += i->identifier_->usage_ + 1;
-    }
+    for (CYIdentifierOffsetMap::const_iterator i(offsets.begin()); i != offsets.end(); ++i) {
+        if (offset < i->first)
+            offset = i->first;
+        CYIdentifier *identifier(i->second);

 
 

-    if (last != NULL) {
-        CYVar *var($ CYVar(last));
-        var->SetNext(statements);
-        statements = var;
-    }
+        if (offset >= context.replace_.size())
+            context.replace_.resize(offset + 1, NULL);
+        CYIdentifier *&replace(context.replace_[offset++]);

 
 

-    for (CYIdentifierValueSet::const_iterator i(identifiers_.begin()); i != identifiers_.end(); ++i)
-        if (internal_.find(*i) == internal_.end()) {
-            //std::cout << *i << '=' << offset << std::endl;
-            if ((*i)->offset_ < offset)
-                (*i)->offset_ = offset;
-            parent_->Merge(context, *i);
+        if (replace == NULL)
+            replace = identifier;
+        else {
+            _assert(replace->next_ == replace);
+            identifier->next_ = replace;

         }
         }

+    }
+
+    if (parent_ == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    CYForEach (i, internal_) {
+    switch (i->kind_) {
+        case CYIdentifierGlobal: {
+            if (i->offset_ < offset)
+                i->offset_ = offset;
+            parent_->Merge(context, i);
+        } break;
+    default:; } }

 }
 
 CYElementValue *CYSpan::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 }
 
 CYElementValue *CYSpan::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)


@@ -1020,25 +1100,61 @@ CYString *CYString::String(CYContext &context) {
     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYSuperAccess::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYStatement *CYStructDefinition::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYTarget *target(tail_->Replace(context));
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        target = $C1($M(target, $S("withName")), $S(name_->Word()));
+    return $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B($I($pool.strcat(name_->Word(), "$cy", NULL)), target)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYStructTail::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYList<CYElementValue> types;
+    CYList<CYElementValue> names;
+
+    CYForEach (field, fields_) {
+        CYTypedIdentifier *typed(field->typed_);
+        types->*$ CYElementValue(typed->Replace(context));
+
+        CYExpression *name;
+        if (typed->identifier_ == NULL)
+            name = NULL;
+        else
+            name = $S(typed->identifier_->Word());
+        names->*$ CYElementValue(name);
+    }
+
+    return $N2($V("Type"), $ CYArray(types), $ CYArray(names));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYSuperAccess::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $C1($M($M($M($V(context.super_), $S("prototype")), property_), $S("bind")), $ CYThis());
 }
 
     return $C1($M($M($M($V(context.super_), $S("prototype")), property_), $S("bind")), $ CYThis());
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYSuperCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYSuperCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $C($C1($M($V(context.super_), $S("bind")), $ CYThis()), arguments_);
 }
 
     return $C($C1($M($V(context.super_), $S("bind")), $ CYThis()), arguments_);
 }
 

+CYTarget *CYSymbol::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $C1($M($V("Symbol"), $S("for")), $S(name_));
+}
+

 CYStatement *CYSwitch::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
     clauses_->Replace(context);
     return this;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYSwitch::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
     clauses_->Replace(context);
     return this;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTemplate::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYStatement *CYTarget::Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    if (value == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    return $E($ CYAssign(this, value));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTemplate::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $C2($M($M($M($V("String"), $S("prototype")), $S("concat")), $S("apply")), $S(""), $ CYArray($ CYElementValue(string_, spans_->Replace(context))));
 }
 
     return $C2($M($M($M($V("String"), $S("prototype")), $S("concat")), $S("apply")), $S(""), $ CYArray($ CYElementValue(string_, spans_->Replace(context))));
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYThis::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYThis::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     if (context.this_ != NULL)
         return $V(context.this_->Identifier(context));
     return this;
     if (context.this_ != NULL)
         return $V(context.this_->Identifier(context));
     return this;


@@ -1054,7 +1170,7 @@ CYStatement *Throw::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
 } }
 
 
 } }
 

-CYExpression *CYTrivial::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYTrivial::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }
 


@@ -1070,7 +1186,10 @@ namespace cy {
 namespace Syntax {
 
 CYStatement *Try::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 namespace Syntax {
 
 CYStatement *Try::Replace(CYContext &context) {

+    CYScope scope(true, context);

     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);

+    scope.Close(context);
+

     catch_->Replace(context);
     finally_->Replace(context);
     return this;
     catch_->Replace(context);
     finally_->Replace(context);
     return this;


@@ -1078,81 +1197,105 @@ CYStatement *Try::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
 } }
 
 
 } }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeArrayOf::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeArrayOf::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {

     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("arrayOf")), $ CYArgument(size_)));
 }
 
     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("arrayOf")), $ CYArgument(size_)));
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeBlockWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeBlockWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {

     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("blockWith")), parameters_->Argument(context)));
 }
 
     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("blockWith")), parameters_->Argument(context)));
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeConstant::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeCharacter::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    switch (signing_) {
+        case CYTypeNeutral: return $V("char");
+        case CYTypeSigned: return $V("schar");
+        case CYTypeUnsigned: return $V("uchar");
+        default: _assert(false);
+    }
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeConstant::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {

     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("constant"))));
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYTypeDefinition::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("constant"))));
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYTypeDefinition::Replace(CYContext &context) {

-    return $E($ CYAssign($V(typed_->identifier_), typed_->Replace(context)));
+    CYIdentifier *identifier(typed_->identifier_);
+    typed_->identifier_ = NULL;
+    return $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B(identifier, $ CYTypeExpression(typed_))));

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeError::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeError::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     _assert(false);
     return NULL;
 }
 
     _assert(false);
     return NULL;
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeModifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) { $T(type)
-    return Replace_(context, type);
+CYTarget *CYTypeExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return typed_->Replace(context);

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeFunctionWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
-    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("functionWith")), parameters_->Argument(context)));
+CYTarget *CYTypeIntegral::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    bool u(signing_ == CYTypeUnsigned);
+    switch (length_) {
+        case 0: return $V(u ? "ushort" : "short");
+        case 1: return $V(u ? "uint" : "int");
+        case 2: return $V(u ? "ulong" : "long");
+        case 3: return $V(u ? "ulonglong" : "longlong");
+        default: _assert(false);
+    }

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeLong::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("long")));
+CYTarget *CYTypeModifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) { $T(type)
+    return Replace_(context, type);

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypePointerTo::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
-    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("pointerTo"))));
+CYTarget *CYTypeFunctionWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    CYList<CYArgument> arguments(parameters_->Argument(context));
+    if (variadic_)
+        arguments->*$C_($ CYNull());
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("functionWith")), arguments));

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeShort::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("short")));
+CYTarget *CYTypePointerTo::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("pointerTo"))));

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeSigned::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("signed")));
+CYTarget *CYTypeReference::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $V($pool.strcat(name_->Word(), "$cy", NULL));

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeUnsigned::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("unsigned")));
+CYTarget *CYTypeStruct::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYTarget *target(tail_->Replace(context));
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        target = $C1($M(target, $S("withName")), $S(name_->Word()));
+    return target;

 }
 
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $V(name_);
 }
 
     return $V(name_);
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeVoid::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeVoid::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return $N1($V("Type"), $ CYString("v"));
 }
 
     return $N1($V("Type"), $ CYString("v"));
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypeVolatile::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeVolatile::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {

     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("volatile"))));
 }
 
     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("volatile"))));
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYTypedIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYTypedIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context) {

     return modifier_->Replace(context, specifier_->Replace(context));
 }
 
 CYTypeFunctionWith *CYTypedIdentifier::Function() {
     return modifier_->Replace(context, specifier_->Replace(context));
 }
 
 CYTypeFunctionWith *CYTypedIdentifier::Function() {

-    CYTypeModifier **modifier(&modifier_);
-    if (*modifier == NULL)
+    CYTypeModifier *&modifier(CYGetLast(modifier_));
+    if (modifier == NULL)

         return NULL;
         return NULL;

-    while ((*modifier)->next_ != NULL)
-        modifier = &(*modifier)->next_;
-    CYTypeFunctionWith *function((*modifier)->Function());
+
+    CYTypeFunctionWith *function(modifier->Function());

     if (function == NULL)
         return NULL;
     if (function == NULL)
         return NULL;

-    *modifier = NULL;
+
+    modifier = NULL;

     return function;
 }
 
     return function;
 }
 


@@ -1161,27 +1304,26 @@ CYArgument *CYTypedParameter::Argument(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYTypedParameter::Parameters(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYTypedParameter::Parameters(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)

-    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(typed_->identifier_ ?: context.Unique()), next_->Parameters(context));
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYBinding(typed_->identifier_ ?: context.Unique()), next_->Parameters(context));

 }
 
 CYExpression *CYTypedParameter::TypeSignature(CYContext &context, CYExpression *prefix) { $T(prefix)
     return next_->TypeSignature(context, $ CYAdd(prefix, typed_->Replace(context)));
 }
 
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYTypedParameter::TypeSignature(CYContext &context, CYExpression *prefix) { $T(prefix)
     return next_->TypeSignature(context, $ CYAdd(prefix, typed_->Replace(context)));
 }
 

-CYStatement *CYVar::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    declarations_->Replace(context);
-    if (CYExpression *expression = declarations_->Expression(context))
+CYForInitializer *CYVar::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    if (CYExpression *expression = bindings_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierVariable))

         return $E(expression);
     return $ CYEmpty();
 }
 
         return $E(expression);
     return $ CYEmpty();
 }
 

-CYExpression *CYVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    context.Replace(name_);
+CYTarget *CYVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierGlobal);

     return this;
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYVariable::Parameter() const {
     return this;
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYVariable::Parameter() const {

-    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(name_));
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYBinding(name_));

 }
 
 CYStatement *CYWhile::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYWhile::Replace(CYContext &context) {


@@ -1192,7 +1334,10 @@ CYStatement *CYWhile::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 
 CYStatement *CYWith::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(scope_);
 
 CYStatement *CYWith::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(scope_);

+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    scope.Damage();

     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     context.ReplaceAll(code_);

+    scope.Close(context);

     return this;
 }
 
     return this;
 }