Replace sig::Primitive with full object hierarchy.

[cycript.git] / Syntax.hpp

diff --git a/Syntax.hpp b/Syntax.hpp
index e3999e3c63e2037e3a272edefd3a622fa7037390..5599f7e27795d9d246b043e13b0b86e2f16e4584 100644 (file)
--- a/Syntax.hpp
+++ b/Syntax.hpp
@@ -28,13 +28,23 @@
 #include <streambuf>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include <map>
-#include <set>
 
 #include "List.hpp"
 #include "Location.hpp"
 #include "Options.hpp"
 #include "Pooling.hpp"
+#include "String.hpp"
+
+double CYCastDouble(const char *value, size_t size);
+double CYCastDouble(const char *value);
+double CYCastDouble(CYUTF8String value);
+
+void CYNumerify(std::ostringstream &str, double value);
+void CYStringify(std::ostringstream &str, const char *data, size_t size, bool c = false);
+
+// XXX: this really should not be here ... :/
+void *CYPoolFile(CYPool &pool, const char *path, size_t *psize);
+CYUTF8String CYPoolFileUTF8String(CYPool &pool, const char *path);
 
 struct CYContext;
 
@@ -78,15 +88,15 @@ struct CYOutput {
         _assert(out_.sputc(value) != EOF);
         recent_ = indent_;
         if (value == '\n')
-            position_.lines(1);
+            position_.Lines(1);
         else
-            position_.columns(1);
+            position_.Columns(1);
     }
 
     _finline void operator ()(const char *data, std::streamsize size) {
         _assert(out_.sputn(data, size) == size);
         recent_ = indent_;
-        position_.columns(size);
+        position_.Columns(size);
     }
 
     _finline void operator ()(const char *data) {
@@ -201,6 +211,13 @@ struct CYStatement :
 
 typedef CYList<CYStatement> CYStatements;
 
+struct CYForInitializer :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+};
+
 struct CYWord :
     CYThing,
     CYPropertyName
@@ -212,10 +229,6 @@ struct CYWord :
     {
     }
 
-    void Set(const char *value) {
-        word_ = value;
-    }
-
     virtual bool Constructor() const {
         return strcmp(word_, "constructor") == 0;
     }
@@ -232,24 +245,33 @@ _finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &lhs, const CYWord &rhs) {
     return lhs << rhs.Word();
 }
 
+enum CYIdentifierKind {
+    CYIdentifierArgument,
+    CYIdentifierCatch,
+    CYIdentifierGlobal,
+    CYIdentifierLexical,
+    CYIdentifierMagic,
+    CYIdentifierOther,
+    CYIdentifierVariable,
+};
+
 struct CYIdentifier :
     CYNext<CYIdentifier>,
     CYWord
 {
-    CYIdentifier *replace_;
+    CYLocation location_;
     size_t offset_;
     size_t usage_;
 
     CYIdentifier(const char *word) :
         CYWord(word),
-        replace_(NULL),
         offset_(0),
         usage_(0)
     {
     }
 
     virtual const char *Word() const;
-    CYIdentifier *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYIdentifier *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind);
 };
 
 struct CYLabel :
@@ -286,38 +308,43 @@ struct CYIdentifierValueLess :
     }
 };
 
-enum CYIdentifierFlags {
-    CYIdentifierArgument,
-    CYIdentifierVariable,
-    CYIdentifierOther,
-    CYIdentifierMagic,
-    CYIdentifierCatch,
-};
-
-typedef std::set<const char *, CYCStringLess> CYCStringSet;
-typedef std::set<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierValueLess> CYIdentifierValueSet;
-typedef std::map<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierFlags> CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap;
-
-struct CYIdentifierUsage {
+struct CYIdentifierFlags :
+    CYNext<CYIdentifierFlags>
+{
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
-    size_t usage_;
-};
+    CYIdentifierKind kind_;
+    unsigned count_;
+    unsigned offset_;
 
-typedef std::vector<CYIdentifierUsage> CYIdentifierUsageVector;
+    CYIdentifierFlags(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierKind kind, CYIdentifierFlags *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYIdentifierFlags>(next),
+        identifier_(identifier),
+        kind_(kind),
+        count_(0),
+        offset_(0)
+    {
+    }
+};
 
 struct CYScope {
     bool transparent_;
     CYScope *parent_;
+    bool damaged_;
+    CYIdentifierFlags *shadow_;
 
-    CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap internal_;
-    CYIdentifierValueSet identifiers_;
+    CYIdentifierFlags *internal_;
 
     CYScope(bool transparent, CYContext &context);
 
-    void Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags);
-    virtual CYIdentifier *Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
-    void Merge(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+    CYIdentifierFlags *Lookup(CYContext &context, const char *word);
+    CYIdentifierFlags *Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+
+    CYIdentifierFlags *Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierKind kind);
+    void Merge(CYContext &context, const CYIdentifierFlags *flags);
+
     void Close(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements);
+    void Close(CYContext &context);
+    void Damage();
 };
 
 struct CYScript :
@@ -344,12 +371,12 @@ struct CYContext {
     CYThisScope *this_;
     CYIdentifier *super_;
 
-    CYIdentifierUsageVector rename_;
-
     CYNonLocal *nonlocal_;
     CYNonLocal *nextlocal_;
     unsigned unique_;
 
+    std::vector<CYIdentifier *> replace_;
+
     CYContext(CYOptions &options) :
         options_(options),
         scope_(NULL),
@@ -444,18 +471,13 @@ struct CYBlock :
     virtual CYStatement *Return();
 };
 
-struct CYForInitializer {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
-};
+struct CYTarget;
+struct CYVar;
 
 struct CYForInInitializer {
-    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
-    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value) = 0;
-
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
-    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) = 0;
 
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
 };
 
@@ -465,8 +487,6 @@ struct CYNumber;
 struct CYString;
 
 struct CYExpression :
-    CYForInitializer,
-    CYForInInitializer,
     CYThing
 {
     virtual int Precedence() const = 0;
@@ -475,17 +495,17 @@ struct CYExpression :
         return true;
     }
 
-    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual bool Eval() const {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
     void Output(CYOutput &out, int precedence, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
-    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context);
 
     virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context) {
         return NULL;
@@ -506,6 +526,20 @@ struct CYExpression :
     }
 };
 
+struct CYTarget :
+    CYExpression,
+    CYForInInitializer
+{
+    virtual bool RightHand() const {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    using CYExpression::Output;
+};
+
 #define CYAlphabetic(value) \
     virtual bool Alphabetic() const { \
         return value; \
@@ -517,11 +551,6 @@ struct CYExpression :
         return Precedence_; \
     }
 
-#define CYRightHand(value) \
-    virtual bool RightHand() const { \
-        return value; \
-    }
-
 struct CYCompound :
     CYExpression
 {
@@ -545,7 +574,7 @@ struct CYCompound :
 };
 
 struct CYParenthetical :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *expression_;
 
@@ -556,21 +585,21 @@ struct CYParenthetical :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYDeclaration;
+struct CYBinding;
 
 struct CYFunctionParameter :
     CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>,
     CYThing
 {
-    CYForInInitializer *initialiser_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
 
-    CYFunctionParameter(CYForInInitializer *initialiser, CYFunctionParameter *next = NULL) :
+    CYFunctionParameter(CYBinding *binding, CYFunctionParameter *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>(next),
-        initialiser_(initialiser)
+        binding_(binding)
     {
     }
 
@@ -587,11 +616,6 @@ struct CYComprehension :
     {
     }
 
-    CYComprehension *Modify(CYComprehension *next) {
-        next_ = next;
-        return this;
-    }
-
     virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const = 0;
     CYFunctionParameter *Parameters(CYContext &context) const;
     virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
@@ -601,13 +625,13 @@ struct CYComprehension :
 struct CYForInComprehension :
     CYComprehension
 {
-    CYDeclaration *declaration_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
 
-    CYForInComprehension(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYExpression *set, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
+    CYForInComprehension(CYBinding *binding, CYExpression *iterable, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
         CYComprehension(next),
-        declaration_(declaration),
-        set_(set)
+        binding_(binding),
+        iterable_(iterable)
     {
     }
 
@@ -619,13 +643,13 @@ struct CYForInComprehension :
 struct CYForOfComprehension :
     CYComprehension
 {
-    CYDeclaration *declaration_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
 
-    CYForOfComprehension(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYExpression *set, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
+    CYForOfComprehension(CYBinding *binding, CYExpression *iterable, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
         CYComprehension(next),
-        declaration_(declaration),
-        set_(set)
+        binding_(binding),
+        iterable_(iterable)
     {
     }
 
@@ -651,7 +675,7 @@ struct CYIfComprehension :
 };
 
 struct CYArrayComprehension :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *expression_;
     CYComprehension *comprehensions_;
@@ -664,15 +688,16 @@ struct CYArrayComprehension :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYLiteral :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
+    CYLocation location_;
+
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
     virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context) {
         return this;
@@ -682,14 +707,13 @@ struct CYLiteral :
 struct CYTrivial :
     CYLiteral
 {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYMagic :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 };
 
 struct CYRange {
@@ -782,7 +806,7 @@ struct CYSpan :
 };
 
 struct CYTemplate :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYString *string_;
     CYSpan *spans_;
@@ -794,9 +818,8 @@ struct CYTemplate :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -873,13 +896,19 @@ struct CYNull :
 struct CYThis :
     CYMagic
 {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBoolean :
     CYTrivial
 {
+    CYPrecedence(4)
+
+    virtual bool RightHand() const {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     virtual bool Value() const = 0;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
@@ -907,7 +936,7 @@ struct CYTrue :
 };
 
 struct CYVariable :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
 
@@ -922,9 +951,12 @@ struct CYVariable :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual bool Eval() const {
+        return strcmp(name_->Word(), "eval") == 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter() const;
@@ -993,17 +1025,17 @@ struct CYPostfix :
 struct CYAssignment :
     CYExpression
 {
-    CYExpression *lhs_;
+    CYTarget *lhs_;
     CYExpression *rhs_;
 
-    CYAssignment(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) :
+    CYAssignment(CYTarget *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) :
         lhs_(lhs),
         rhs_(rhs)
     {
     }
 
-    void SetLeft(CYExpression *lhs) {
-        lhs_ = lhs;
+    void SetRight(CYExpression *rhs) {
+        rhs_ = rhs;
     }
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
@@ -1043,11 +1075,11 @@ struct CYClause :
     CYThing,
     CYNext<CYClause>
 {
-    CYExpression *case_;
+    CYExpression *value_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *code) :
-        case_(_case),
+    CYClause(CYExpression *value, CYStatement *code) :
+        value_(value),
         code_(code)
     {
     }
@@ -1070,7 +1102,7 @@ struct CYElementValue :
 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 
-    CYElementValue(CYExpression *value, CYElement *next) :
+    CYElementValue(CYExpression *value, CYElement *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYElement>(next),
         value_(value)
     {
@@ -1112,105 +1144,117 @@ struct CYArray :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYDeclaration :
-    CYForInInitializer
-{
+struct CYBinding {
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
-    CYExpression *initialiser_;
+    CYExpression *initializer_;
 
-    CYDeclaration(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initialiser = NULL) :
+    CYBinding(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initializer = NULL) :
         identifier_(identifier),
-        initialiser_(initialiser)
+        initializer_(initializer)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value);
+    CYTarget *Target(CYContext &context);
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYAssignment *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
 
-    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context);
-    CYVariable *Variable(CYContext &context);
+struct CYForLexical :
+    CYForInInitializer
+{
+    bool constant_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
 
+    CYForLexical(bool constant, CYBinding *binding) :
+        constant_(constant),
+        binding_(binding)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYDeclarations :
-    CYNext<CYDeclarations>,
-    CYThing
+struct CYForVariable :
+    CYForInInitializer
 {
-    CYDeclaration *declaration_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
 
-    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next = NULL) :
-        CYNext<CYDeclarations>(next),
-        declaration_(declaration)
+    CYForVariable(CYBinding *binding) :
+        binding_(binding)
     {
     }
 
-    void Replace(CYContext &context);
-
-    CYExpression *Expression(CYContext &context);
-    CYArgument *Argument(CYContext &context);
-    CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYForDeclarations :
-    CYForInitializer
+struct CYBindings :
+    CYNext<CYBindings>,
+    CYThing
 {
-    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
 
-    CYForDeclarations(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
-        declarations_(declarations)
+    CYBindings(CYBinding *binding, CYBindings *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYBindings>(next),
+        binding_(binding)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind);
+
+    CYArgument *Argument(CYContext &context);
+    CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYVar :
-    CYStatement
+    CYForInitializer
 {
-    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+    CYBindings *bindings_;
 
-    CYVar(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
-        declarations_(declarations)
+    CYVar(CYBindings *bindings) :
+        bindings_(bindings)
     {
     }
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYLetStatement :
-    CYStatement
+struct CYLexical :
+    CYForInitializer
 {
-    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
-    CYStatement *code_;
+    bool constant_;
+    CYBindings *bindings_;
 
-    CYLetStatement(CYDeclarations *declarations, CYStatement *code) :
-        declarations_(declarations),
-        code_(code)
+    CYLexical(bool constant, CYBindings *bindings) :
+        constant_(constant),
+        bindings_(bindings)
     {
     }
 
-    CYCompact(Long)
+    CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBuilder {
-    CYList<CYDeclarations> declarations_;
+    CYList<CYBindings> bindings_;
     CYList<CYStatement> statements_;
 
     operator bool() const {
@@ -1230,10 +1274,12 @@ struct CYProperty :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual bool Update() const;
+
     CYProperty *ReplaceAll(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool update);
-    void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool computed);
+    void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool protect);
 
-    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name) = 0;
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) = 0;
 
     virtual void Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
@@ -1250,7 +1296,7 @@ struct CYPropertyValue :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name);
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect);
     virtual void Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
@@ -1258,13 +1304,13 @@ struct CYPropertyValue :
 struct CYFor :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYForInitializer *initialiser_;
+    CYForInitializer *initializer_;
     CYExpression *test_;
     CYExpression *increment_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYFor(CYForInitializer *initialiser, CYExpression *test, CYExpression *increment, CYStatement *code) :
-        initialiser_(initialiser),
+    CYFor(CYForInitializer *initializer, CYExpression *test, CYExpression *increment, CYStatement *code) :
+        initializer_(initializer),
         test_(test),
         increment_(increment),
         code_(code)
@@ -1280,13 +1326,33 @@ struct CYFor :
 struct CYForIn :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYForInInitializer *initialiser_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYForInInitializer *initializer_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
+    CYStatement *code_;
+
+    CYForIn(CYForInInitializer *initializer, CYExpression *iterable, CYStatement *code) :
+        initializer_(initializer),
+        iterable_(iterable),
+        code_(code)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYCompact(Long)
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYForInitialized :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYBinding *binding_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYForIn(CYForInInitializer *initialiser, CYExpression *set, CYStatement *code) :
-        initialiser_(initialiser),
-        set_(set),
+    CYForInitialized(CYBinding *binding, CYExpression *iterable, CYStatement *code) :
+        binding_(binding),
+        iterable_(iterable),
         code_(code)
     {
     }
@@ -1300,13 +1366,13 @@ struct CYForIn :
 struct CYForOf :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYForInInitializer *initialiser_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYForInInitializer *initializer_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYForOf(CYForInInitializer *initialiser, CYExpression *set, CYStatement *code) :
-        initialiser_(initialiser),
-        set_(set),
+    CYForOf(CYForInInitializer *initializer, CYExpression *iterable, CYStatement *code) :
+        initializer_(initializer),
+        iterable_(iterable),
         code_(code)
     {
     }
@@ -1327,12 +1393,12 @@ struct CYObject :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYMember :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *object_;
     CYExpression *property_;
@@ -1357,9 +1423,8 @@ struct CYDirectMember :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1372,9 +1437,8 @@ struct CYIndirectMember :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1382,7 +1446,7 @@ namespace cy {
 namespace Syntax {
 
 struct New :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *constructor_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
@@ -1397,41 +1461,61 @@ struct New :
         return arguments_ == NULL ? 2 : 1;
     }
 
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 };
 
 } }
 
-struct CYCall :
-    CYExpression
+struct CYApply :
+    CYTarget
 {
-    CYExpression *function_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
-    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
-        function_(function),
+    CYApply(CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+};
+
+struct CYCall :
+    CYApply
+{
+    CYExpression *function_;
+
+    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
+        CYApply(arguments),
+        function_(function)
+    {
+    }
+
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+};
+
+struct CYEval :
+    CYApply
+{
+    CYEval(CYArgument *arguments) :
+        CYApply(arguments)
+    {
+    }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYRubyProc;
 
 struct CYRubyBlock :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *call_;
     CYRubyProc *proc_;
@@ -1443,12 +1527,11 @@ struct CYRubyBlock :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 };
 
 struct CYIf :
@@ -1533,7 +1616,7 @@ struct CYFunction {
 
 struct CYFunctionExpression :
     CYFunction,
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
 
@@ -1544,9 +1627,8 @@ struct CYFunctionExpression :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1560,15 +1642,14 @@ struct CYFatArrow :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYRubyProc :
     CYFunction,
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYRubyProc(CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *code) :
         CYFunction(parameters, code)
@@ -1576,9 +1657,8 @@ struct CYRubyProc :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1596,7 +1676,7 @@ struct CYFunctionStatement :
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1626,7 +1706,7 @@ struct CYPropertyGetter :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name);
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -1638,7 +1718,7 @@ struct CYPropertySetter :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name);
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -1650,9 +1730,11 @@ struct CYPropertyMethod :
     {
     }
 
+    bool Update() const override;
+
     virtual CYFunctionExpression *Constructor();
 
-    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name);
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -1675,7 +1757,7 @@ struct CYClassTail :
 };
 
 struct CYClassExpression :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
     CYClassTail *tail_;
@@ -1687,9 +1769,8 @@ struct CYClassExpression :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1707,12 +1788,12 @@ struct CYClassStatement :
 
     CYCompact(Long)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYSuperCall :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
@@ -1722,14 +1803,13 @@ struct CYSuperCall :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(2)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYSuperAccess :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *property_;
 
@@ -1739,14 +1819,13 @@ struct CYSuperAccess :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYExpress :
-    CYStatement
+    CYForInitializer
 {
     CYExpression *expression_;
 
@@ -1759,7 +1838,7 @@ struct CYExpress :
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual CYStatement *Return();
@@ -1777,7 +1856,7 @@ struct CYContinue :
 
     CYCompact(Short)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1793,7 +1872,7 @@ struct CYBreak :
 
     CYCompact(Short)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1809,7 +1888,7 @@ struct CYReturn :
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1825,7 +1904,7 @@ struct CYYieldGenerator :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1846,11 +1925,11 @@ struct CYYieldValue :
 };
 
 struct CYEmpty :
-    CYStatement
+    CYForInitializer
 {
     CYCompact(Short)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1871,7 +1950,7 @@ struct CYFinally :
 struct CYTypeSpecifier :
     CYThing
 {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
 };
 
 struct CYTypeError :
@@ -1880,92 +1959,114 @@ struct CYTypeError :
     CYTypeError() {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeVoid :
+enum CYTypeSigning {
+    CYTypeNeutral,
+    CYTypeSigned,
+    CYTypeUnsigned,
+};
+
+struct CYTypeCharacter :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeVoid() {
+    CYTypeSigning signing_;
+
+    CYTypeCharacter(CYTypeSigning signing) :
+        signing_(signing)
+    {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeVariable :
+struct CYTypeIntegral :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYTypeSigning signing_;
+    int length_;
 
-    CYTypeVariable(CYIdentifier *name) :
-        name_(name)
+    CYTypeIntegral(CYTypeSigning signing, int length = 1) :
+        signing_(signing),
+        length_(length)
     {
     }
 
-    CYTypeVariable(const char *name) :
-        name_(new($pool) CYIdentifier(name))
-    {
+    CYTypeIntegral *Long() {
+        if (length_ != 1 && length_ != 2)
+            return NULL;
+        ++length_;
+        return this;
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
-};
+    CYTypeIntegral *Short() {
+        if (length_ != 1)
+            return NULL;
+        --length_;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-struct CYTypeUnsigned :
-    CYTypeSpecifier
-{
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
+    CYTypeIntegral *Signed() {
+        if (signing_ != CYTypeNeutral)
+            return NULL;
+        signing_ = CYTypeSigned;
+        return this;
+    }
 
-    CYTypeUnsigned(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
-    {
+    CYTypeIntegral *Unsigned() {
+        if (signing_ != CYTypeNeutral)
+            return NULL;
+        signing_ = CYTypeUnsigned;
+        return this;
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeSigned :
+struct CYTypeVoid :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
-
-    CYTypeSigned(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
-    {
+    CYTypeVoid() {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeLong :
+struct CYTypeReference :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
 
-    CYTypeLong(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
+    CYTypeReference(CYIdentifier *name) :
+        name_(name)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeShort :
+struct CYTypeVariable :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
 
-    CYTypeShort(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
+    CYTypeVariable(CYIdentifier *name) :
+        name_(name)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTypeVariable(const char *name) :
+        name_(new($pool) CYIdentifier(name))
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -1981,8 +2082,8 @@ struct CYTypeModifier :
 
     virtual int Precedence() const = 0;
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) = 0;
-    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) = 0;
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
 
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const = 0;
     void Output(CYOutput &out, int precedence, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
@@ -2003,7 +2104,7 @@ struct CYTypeArrayOf :
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
 };
 
@@ -2017,7 +2118,7 @@ struct CYTypeConstant :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
 };
 
@@ -2031,7 +2132,7 @@ struct CYTypePointerTo :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
 };
 
@@ -2045,7 +2146,7 @@ struct CYTypeVolatile :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
 };
 
@@ -2078,14 +2179,14 @@ struct CYTypedIdentifier :
         return this;
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 
     CYTypeFunctionWith *Function();
 };
 
 struct CYEncodedType :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
 
@@ -2096,7 +2197,7 @@ struct CYEncodedType :
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -2120,7 +2221,7 @@ struct CYTypedParameter :
 };
 
 struct CYLambda :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
     CYTypedParameter *parameters_;
@@ -2135,7 +2236,7 @@ struct CYLambda :
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -2171,6 +2272,39 @@ struct CYImport :
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
+struct CYImportSpecifier :
+    CYNext<CYImportSpecifier>
+{
+    CYWord *name_;
+    CYIdentifier *binding_;
+
+    CYImportSpecifier(CYWord *name, CYIdentifier *binding) :
+        name_(name),
+        binding_(binding)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *module);
+};
+
+struct CYImportDeclaration :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYImportSpecifier *specifiers_;
+    CYString *module_;
+
+    CYImportDeclaration(CYImportSpecifier *specifiers, CYString *module) :
+        specifiers_(specifiers),
+        module_(module)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYCompact(None)
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
 struct CYExternal :
     CYStatement
 {
@@ -2189,6 +2323,22 @@ struct CYExternal :
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
+struct CYTypeExpression :
+    CYTarget
+{
+    CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
+
+    CYTypeExpression(CYTypedIdentifier *typed) :
+        typed_(typed)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
 struct CYTypeDefinition :
     CYStatement
 {
@@ -2218,7 +2368,7 @@ struct CYTypeBlockWith :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
 };
 
@@ -2235,12 +2385,72 @@ struct CYTypeFunctionWith :
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
 
     virtual CYTypeFunctionWith *Function() { return this; }
 };
 
+struct CYTypeStructField :
+    CYNext<CYTypeStructField>
+{
+    CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
+
+    CYTypeStructField(CYTypedIdentifier *typed, CYTypeStructField *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYTypeStructField>(next),
+        typed_(typed)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYStructTail :
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYTypeStructField *fields_;
+
+    CYStructTail(CYTypeStructField *fields) :
+        fields_(fields)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYTypeStruct :
+    CYTypeSpecifier
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYStructTail *tail_;
+
+    CYTypeStruct(CYIdentifier *name, CYStructTail *tail) :
+        name_(name),
+        tail_(tail)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYStructDefinition :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYStructTail *tail_;
+
+    CYStructDefinition(CYIdentifier *name, CYStructTail *tail) :
+        name_(name),
+        tail_(tail)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYCompact(None)
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
 namespace cy {
 namespace Syntax {
 
@@ -2385,20 +2595,20 @@ struct CYAddressOf :
 };
 
 struct CYIndirect :
-    CYPrefix
+    CYTarget
 {
+    CYExpression *rhs_;
+
     CYIndirect(CYExpression *rhs) :
-        CYPrefix(rhs)
+        rhs_(rhs)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual const char *Operator() const {
-        return "*";
-    }
-
-    CYAlphabetic(false)
+    // XXX: this should be checked
+    CYPrecedence(2)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 #define CYReplace \
@@ -2455,7 +2665,7 @@ struct CYIndirect :
     struct CY ## name ## Assign : \
         CYAssignment \
     { args \
-        CY ## name ## Assign(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
+        CY ## name ## Assign(CYTarget *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYAssignment(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         } \