Replace.cpp

   1 /* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
   2  * Copyright (C) 2009-2015  Jay Freeman (saurik)
   3 */
   4
   5 /* GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
   6 /*
   7  * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   8  * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
   9  * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  10  * (at your option) any later version.
  11
  12  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  15  * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
  16
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  18  * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  19 **/
  20 /* }}} */
  21
  22 #include "Parser.hpp"
  23 #include "Replace.hpp"
  24
  25 #include <iomanip>
  26
  27 CYFunctionExpression *CYNonLocalize(CYContext &context, CYFunctionExpression *function) {
  28     function->nonlocal_ = context.nextlocal_;
  29     return function;
  30 }
  31
  32 CYExpression *CYAdd::Replace(CYContext &context) {
  33     CYInfix::Replace(context);
  34
  35     CYString *lhs(dynamic_cast<CYString *>(lhs_));
  36     CYString *rhs(dynamic_cast<CYString *>(rhs_));
  37
  38     if (lhs != NULL || rhs != NULL) {
  39         if (lhs == NULL) {
  40             lhs = lhs_->String(context);
  41             if (lhs == NULL)
  42                 return this;
  43         } else if (rhs == NULL) {
  44             rhs = rhs_->String(context);
  45             if (rhs == NULL)
  46                 return this;
  47         }
  48
  49         return lhs->Concat(context, rhs);
  50     }
  51
  52     if (CYNumber *lhn = lhs_->Number(context))
  53         if (CYNumber *rhn = rhs_->Number(context))
  54             return $D(lhn->Value() + rhn->Value());
  55
  56     return this;
  57 }
  58
  59 CYExpression *CYAddressOf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
  60     return $C0($M(rhs_, $S("$cya")));
  61 }
  62
  63 CYArgument *CYArgument::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
  64     context.Replace(value_);
  65     next_ = next_->Replace(context);
  66
  67     if (value_ == NULL) {
  68         if (next_ == NULL)
  69             return NULL;
  70         else
  71             value_ = $U;
  72     }
  73
  74     return this;
  75 }
  76
  77 CYExpression *CYArray::Replace(CYContext &context) {
  78     elements_->Replace(context);
  79     return this;
  80 }
  81
  82 CYExpression *CYArrayComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context) {
  83     CYVariable *cyv($V("$cyv"));
  84
  85     return $C0($F(NULL, $P1($L("$cyv"), comprehensions_->Parameters(context)), $$->*
  86         $E($ CYAssign(cyv, $ CYArray()))->*
  87         comprehensions_->Replace(context, $E($C1($M(cyv, $S("push")), expression_)))->*
  88         $ CYReturn(cyv)
  89     ));
  90 }
  91
  92 CYExpression *CYAssignment::Replace(CYContext &context) {
  93     context.Replace(lhs_);
  94     context.Replace(rhs_);
  95     return this;
  96 }
  97
  98 CYStatement *CYBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {
  99     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 100     if (code_ == NULL)
 101         return $ CYEmpty();
 102     return this;
 103 }
 104
 105 CYStatement *CYBreak::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 106     return this;
 107 }
 108
 109 CYExpression *CYCall::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
 110     CYArgument **argument(&arguments_);
 111     while (*argument != NULL)
 112         argument = &(*argument)->next_;
 113     *argument = $ CYArgument(value);
 114     return this;
 115 }
 116
 117 CYExpression *CYCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 118     context.Replace(function_);
 119     arguments_->Replace(context);
 120     return this;
 121 }
 122
 123 namespace cy {
 124 namespace Syntax {
 125
 126 void Catch::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 127     CYScope scope(true, context);
 128
 129     context.Replace(name_);
 130     context.scope_->Declare(context, name_, CYIdentifierCatch);
 131
 132     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 133     scope.Close(context, code_);
 134 }
 135
 136 } }
 137
 138 void CYClause::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 139     context.Replace(case_);
 140     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 141     next_->Replace(context);
 142 }
 143
 144 CYStatement *CYComment::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 145     return this;
 146 }
 147
 148 CYExpression *CYCompound::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 149     context.Replace(expression_);
 150     context.Replace(next_);
 151
 152     if (CYCompound *compound = dynamic_cast<CYCompound *>(expression_)) {
 153         expression_ = compound->expression_;
 154         compound->expression_ = compound->next_;
 155         compound->next_ = next_;
 156         next_ = compound;
 157     }
 158
 159     return this;
 160 }
 161
 162 CYFunctionParameter *CYCompound::Parameter() const {
 163     CYFunctionParameter *next(next_->Parameter());
 164     if (next == NULL)
 165         return NULL;
 166
 167     CYFunctionParameter *parameter(expression_->Parameter());
 168     if (parameter == NULL)
 169         return NULL;
 170
 171     parameter->SetNext(next);
 172     return parameter;
 173 }
 174
 175 CYFunctionParameter *CYComprehension::Parameters(CYContext &context) const { $T(NULL)
 176     CYFunctionParameter *next(next_->Parameters(context));
 177     if (CYFunctionParameter *parameter = Parameter(context)) {
 178         parameter->SetNext(next);
 179         return parameter;
 180     } else
 181         return next;
 182 }
 183
 184 CYStatement *CYComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
 185     return next_ == NULL ? statement : next_->Replace(context, statement);
 186 }
 187
 188 CYExpression *CYCondition::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 189     context.Replace(test_);
 190     context.Replace(true_);
 191     context.Replace(false_);
 192     return this;
 193 }
 194
 195 void CYContext::NonLocal(CYStatement *&statements) {
 196     CYContext &context(*this);
 197
 198     if (nextlocal_ != NULL && nextlocal_->identifier_ != NULL) {
 199         CYIdentifier *cye($I("$cye")->Replace(context));
 200         CYIdentifier *unique(nextlocal_->identifier_->Replace(context));
 201
 202         CYStatement *declare(
 203             $ CYVar($L1($ CYDeclaration(unique, $ CYObject()))));
 204
 205         cy::Syntax::Catch *rescue(
 206             $ cy::Syntax::Catch(cye, $$->*
 207                 $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($M($V(cye), $S("$cyk")), $V(unique)), $$->*
 208                     $ CYReturn($M($V(cye), $S("$cyv"))))->*
 209                 $ cy::Syntax::Throw($V(cye))));
 210
 211         // XXX: I don't understand any of this
 212         context.Replace(declare);
 213         rescue->Replace(context);
 214
 215         statements = $$->*
 216             declare->*
 217             $ cy::Syntax::Try(statements, rescue, NULL);
 218     }
 219 }
 220
 221 CYIdentifier *CYContext::Unique() {
 222     return $ CYIdentifier($pool.strcat("$cy", $pool.itoa(unique_++), NULL));
 223 }
 224
 225 CYStatement *CYContinue::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 226     return this;
 227 }
 228
 229 CYStatement *CYDebugger::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 230     return this;
 231 }
 232
 233 CYAssignment *CYDeclaration::Assignment(CYContext &context) {
 234     if (initialiser_ == NULL)
 235         return NULL;
 236
 237     CYAssignment *value($ CYAssign(Variable(context), initialiser_));
 238     initialiser_ = NULL;
 239     return value;
 240 }
 241
 242 CYVariable *CYDeclaration::Variable(CYContext &context) {
 243     return $V(identifier_);
 244 }
 245
 246 CYStatement *CYDeclaration::ForEachIn(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
 247     return $ CYVar($L1($ CYDeclaration(identifier_, value)));
 248 }
 249
 250 CYExpression *CYDeclaration::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 251     context.Replace(identifier_);
 252     context.scope_->Declare(context, identifier_, CYIdentifierVariable);
 253     return Variable(context);
 254 }
 255
 256 void CYDeclarations::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 257     declaration_->Replace(context);
 258     next_->Replace(context);
 259 }
 260
 261 CYProperty *CYDeclarations::Property(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 262     return $ CYProperty(declaration_->identifier_, declaration_->initialiser_, next_->Property(context));
 263 }
 264
 265 CYFunctionParameter *CYDeclarations::Parameter(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 266     return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(declaration_->identifier_), next_->Parameter(context));
 267 }
 268
 269 CYArgument *CYDeclarations::Argument(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 270     return $ CYArgument(declaration_->initialiser_, next_->Argument(context));
 271 }
 272
 273 CYExpression *CYDeclarations::Expression(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 274     CYExpression *compound(next_->Expression(context));
 275     if (CYAssignment *assignment = declaration_->Assignment(context))
 276         if (compound == NULL)
 277             compound = assignment;
 278         else
 279             compound = $ CYCompound(assignment, compound);
 280     return compound;
 281 }
 282
 283 CYExpression *CYDirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 284     context.Replace(object_);
 285     context.Replace(property_);
 286     return this;
 287 }
 288
 289 CYStatement *CYDoWhile::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 290     context.Replace(test_);
 291     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 292     return this;
 293 }
 294
 295 void CYElement::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 296     context.Replace(value_);
 297     next_->Replace(context);
 298 }
 299
 300 CYStatement *CYEmpty::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 301     return NULL;
 302 }
 303
 304 CYExpression *CYEncodedType::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 305     return typed_->Replace(context);
 306 }
 307
 308 CYStatement *CYExpress::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 309     context.Replace(expression_);
 310     return this;
 311 }
 312
 313 CYExpression *CYExpression::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
 314     return $C1(this, value);
 315 }
 316
 317 CYExpression *CYExpression::ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object) {
 318     return this;
 319 }
 320
 321 CYStatement *CYExpression::ForEachIn(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
 322     return $E($ CYAssign(this, value));
 323 }
 324
 325 CYAssignment *CYExpression::Assignment(CYContext &context) {
 326     return NULL;
 327 }
 328
 329 CYFunctionParameter *CYExpression::Parameter() const {
 330     return NULL;
 331 }
 332
 333 CYStatement *CYExternal::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 334     return $E($ CYAssign($V(typed_->identifier_), $C1(typed_->Replace(context), $C2($V("dlsym"), $V("RTLD_DEFAULT"), $S(typed_->identifier_->Word())))));
 335 }
 336
 337 CYNumber *CYFalse::Number(CYContext &context) {
 338     return $D(0);
 339 }
 340
 341 CYString *CYFalse::String(CYContext &context) {
 342     return $S("false");
 343 }
 344
 345 CYExpression *CYFatArrow::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 346     CYFunctionExpression *function($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_));
 347     function->this_.SetNext(context.this_);
 348     return function;
 349 }
 350
 351 void CYFinally::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 352     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 353 }
 354
 355 CYStatement *CYFor::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 356     context.Replace(initialiser_);
 357     context.Replace(test_);
 358     context.Replace(increment_);
 359     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 360     return this;
 361 }
 362
 363 CYExpression *CYForDeclarations::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 364     declarations_->Replace(context);
 365     return declarations_->Expression(context);
 366 }
 367
 368 // XXX: this still feels highly suboptimal
 369 CYStatement *CYForIn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 370     if (CYAssignment *assignment = initialiser_->Assignment(context))
 371         return $ CYBlock($$->*
 372             $E(assignment)->*
 373             this
 374         );
 375
 376     context.Replace(initialiser_);
 377     context.Replace(set_);
 378     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 379     return this;
 380 }
 381
 382 CYFunctionParameter *CYForInComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
 383     return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(name_));
 384 }
 385
 386 CYStatement *CYForInComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
 387     return $ CYForIn($V(name_), set_, CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement));
 388 }
 389
 390 CYStatement *CYForOf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 391     if (CYAssignment *assignment = initialiser_->Assignment(context))
 392         return $ CYBlock($$->*
 393             $E(assignment)->*
 394             this
 395         );
 396
 397     CYIdentifier *cys($I("$cys")), *cyt($I("$cyt"));
 398
 399     return $ CYLetStatement($L2($ CYDeclaration(cys, set_), $ CYDeclaration(cyt)), $$->*
 400         $ CYForIn($V(cyt), $V(cys), $ CYBlock($$->*
 401             initialiser_->ForEachIn(context, $M($V(cys), $V(cyt)))->*
 402             code_
 403         ))
 404     );
 405 }
 406
 407 CYFunctionParameter *CYForOfComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
 408     return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(name_));
 409 }
 410
 411 CYStatement *CYForOfComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
 412     CYIdentifier *cys($I("$cys"));
 413
 414     return $E($C0($F(NULL, $P1($L("$cys")), $$->*
 415         $E($ CYAssign($V(cys), set_))->*
 416         $ CYForIn($V(name_), $V(cys), $ CYBlock($$->*
 417             $E($ CYAssign($V(name_), $M($V(cys), $V(name_))))->*
 418             CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement)
 419         ))
 420     )));
 421 }
 422
 423 void CYFunction::Inject(CYContext &context) {
 424     context.Replace(name_);
 425     context.scope_->Declare(context, name_, CYIdentifierOther);
 426 }
 427
 428 void CYFunction::Replace_(CYContext &context, bool outer) {
 429     if (outer)
 430         Inject(context);
 431
 432     CYThisScope *_this(context.this_);
 433     context.this_ = CYGetLast(&this_);
 434
 435     CYNonLocal *nonlocal(context.nonlocal_);
 436     CYNonLocal *nextlocal(context.nextlocal_);
 437
 438     bool localize;
 439     if (nonlocal_ != NULL) {
 440         localize = false;
 441         context.nonlocal_ = nonlocal_;
 442     } else {
 443         localize = true;
 444         nonlocal_ = $ CYNonLocal();
 445         context.nextlocal_ = nonlocal_;
 446     }
 447
 448     CYScope scope(!localize, context);
 449
 450     if (!outer && name_ != NULL)
 451         Inject(context);
 452
 453     parameters_->Replace(context, code_);
 454     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 455
 456     if (CYIdentifier *identifier = this_.identifier_)
 457         code_ = $$->*
 458             $ CYVar($L1($ CYDeclaration(identifier, $ CYThis())))->*
 459             code_;
 460
 461     if (localize)
 462         context.NonLocal(code_);
 463
 464     context.nextlocal_ = nextlocal;
 465     context.nonlocal_ = nonlocal;
 466
 467     context.this_ = _this;
 468
 469     scope.Close(context, code_);
 470 }
 471
 472 CYExpression *CYFunctionExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 473     Replace_(context, false);
 474     return this;
 475 }
 476
 477 void CYFunctionParameter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) { $T()
 478     CYAssignment *assignment(initialiser_->Assignment(context));
 479     context.Replace(initialiser_);
 480
 481     next_->Replace(context, statements);
 482
 483     if (assignment != NULL)
 484         statements = $$->*
 485             // XXX: this cast is quite incorrect
 486             $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($ CYTypeOf(dynamic_cast<CYExpression *>(initialiser_)), $S("undefined")), $$->*
 487                 $E(assignment)
 488             )->*
 489             statements;
 490 }
 491
 492 CYStatement *CYFunctionStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 493     Replace_(context, true);
 494     return this;
 495 }
 496
 497 CYIdentifier *CYIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 498     if (replace_ != NULL && replace_ != this)
 499         return replace_->Replace(context);
 500     replace_ = context.scope_->Lookup(context, this);
 501     return replace_;
 502 }
 503
 504 CYStatement *CYIf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 505     context.Replace(test_);
 506     context.ReplaceAll(true_);
 507     context.ReplaceAll(false_);
 508     return this;
 509 }
 510
 511 CYFunctionParameter *CYIfComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
 512     return NULL;
 513 }
 514
 515 CYStatement *CYIfComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
 516     return $ CYIf(test_, CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement));
 517 }
 518
 519 CYStatement *CYImport::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 520     return $ CYVar($L1($L(module_->part_->Word(), $C1($V("require"), module_->Replace(context, "/")))));
 521 }
 522
 523 CYExpression *CYIndirect::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 524     return $M(rhs_, $S("$cyi"));
 525 }
 526
 527 CYExpression *CYIndirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 528     return $M($ CYIndirect(object_), property_);
 529 }
 530
 531 CYExpression *CYInfix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 532     context.Replace(lhs_);
 533     context.Replace(rhs_);
 534     return this;
 535 }
 536
 537 CYStatement *CYLabel::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 538     context.Replace(statement_);
 539     return this;
 540 }
 541
 542 CYExpression *CYLambda::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 543     return $N2($V("Functor"), $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_->Parameters(context), code_), parameters_->TypeSignature(context, typed_->Replace(context)));
 544 }
 545
 546 CYStatement *CYLetStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 547     return $E($ CYCall(CYNonLocalize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, declarations_->Parameter(context), code_)), declarations_->Argument(context)));
 548 }
 549
 550 CYString *CYModule::Replace(CYContext &context, const char *separator) const {
 551     if (next_ == NULL)
 552         return $ CYString(part_);
 553     return $ CYString($pool.strcat(next_->Replace(context, separator)->Value(), separator, part_->Word(), NULL));
 554 }
 555
 556 CYExpression *CYMultiply::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 557     CYInfix::Replace(context);
 558
 559     if (CYNumber *lhn = lhs_->Number(context))
 560         if (CYNumber *rhn = rhs_->Number(context))
 561             return $D(lhn->Value() * rhn->Value());
 562
 563     return this;
 564 }
 565
 566 namespace cy {
 567 namespace Syntax {
 568
 569 CYExpression *New::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
 570     CYSetLast(arguments_) = $ CYArgument(value);
 571     return this;
 572 }
 573
 574 CYExpression *New::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 575     context.Replace(constructor_);
 576     arguments_->Replace(context);
 577     return this;
 578 }
 579
 580 } }
 581
 582 CYNumber *CYNull::Number(CYContext &context) {
 583     return $D(0);
 584 }
 585
 586 CYString *CYNull::String(CYContext &context) {
 587     return $S("null");
 588 }
 589
 590 CYNumber *CYNumber::Number(CYContext &context) {
 591     return this;
 592 }
 593
 594 CYString *CYNumber::String(CYContext &context) {
 595     // XXX: there is a precise algorithm for this
 596     return $S($pool.sprintf(24, "%.17g", Value()));
 597 }
 598
 599 CYExpression *CYObject::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 600     properties_->Replace(context);
 601     return this;
 602 }
 603
 604 CYExpression *CYParenthetical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 605     return expression_;
 606 }
 607
 608 CYExpression *CYPostfix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 609     context.Replace(lhs_);
 610     return this;
 611 }
 612
 613 CYExpression *CYPrefix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 614     context.Replace(rhs_);
 615     return this;
 616 }
 617
 618 // XXX: this is evil evil black magic. don't ask, don't tell... don't believe!
 619 #define MappingSet "0etnirsoalfucdphmgyvbxTwSNECAFjDLkMOIBPqzRH$_WXUVGYKQJZ"
 620 //#define MappingSet "0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$_"
 621
 622 namespace {
 623     struct IdentifierUsageLess :
 624         std::binary_function<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifier *, bool>
 625     {
 626         _finline bool operator ()(CYIdentifier *lhs, CYIdentifier *rhs) const {
 627             if (lhs->usage_ != rhs->usage_)
 628                 return lhs->usage_ > rhs->usage_;
 629             return lhs < rhs;
 630         }
 631     };
 632
 633     typedef std::set<CYIdentifier *, IdentifierUsageLess> IdentifierUsages;
 634 }
 635
 636 void CYProgram::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 637     CYScope scope(true, context);
 638
 639     context.nextlocal_ = $ CYNonLocal();
 640     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 641     context.NonLocal(code_);
 642
 643     scope.Close(context, code_);
 644
 645     size_t offset(0);
 646
 647     CYCStringSet external;
 648     for (CYIdentifierValueSet::const_iterator i(scope.identifiers_.begin()); i != scope.identifiers_.end(); ++i)
 649         external.insert((*i)->Word());
 650
 651     IdentifierUsages usages;
 652
 653     if (offset < context.rename_.size())
 654         CYForEach (i, context.rename_[offset].identifier_)
 655             usages.insert(i);
 656
 657     // XXX: totalling the probable occurrences and sorting by them would improve the result
 658     for (CYIdentifierUsageVector::const_iterator i(context.rename_.begin()); i != context.rename_.end(); ++i, ++offset) {
 659         //std::cout << *i << ":" << (*i)->offset_ << std::endl;
 660
 661         const char *name;
 662
 663         if (context.options_.verbose_)
 664             name = $pool.strcat("$", $pool.itoa(offset), NULL);
 665         else {
 666             char id[8];
 667             id[7] = '\0';
 668
 669           id:
 670             unsigned position(7), local(offset + 1);
 671
 672             do {
 673                 unsigned index(local % (sizeof(MappingSet) - 1));
 674                 local /= sizeof(MappingSet) - 1;
 675                 id[--position] = MappingSet[index];
 676             } while (local != 0);
 677
 678             if (external.find(id + position) != external.end()) {
 679                 ++offset;
 680                 goto id;
 681             }
 682
 683             name = $pool.strmemdup(id + position, 7 - position);
 684             // XXX: at some point, this could become a keyword
 685         }
 686
 687         CYForEach (identifier, i->identifier_)
 688             identifier->Set(name);
 689     }
 690 }
 691
 692 void CYProperty::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
 693     context.Replace(value_);
 694     next_->Replace(context);
 695     if (value_ == NULL)
 696         value_ = $U;
 697 }
 698
 699 CYStatement *CYReturn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 700     if (context.nonlocal_ != NULL) {
 701         CYProperty *value(value_ == NULL ? NULL : $ CYProperty($S("$cyv"), value_));
 702         return $ cy::Syntax::Throw($ CYObject(
 703             $ CYProperty($S("$cyk"), $V(context.nonlocal_->Target(context)), value)
 704         ));
 705     }
 706
 707     context.Replace(value_);
 708     return this;
 709 }
 710
 711 CYExpression *CYRubyBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 712     // XXX: this needs to do something much more epic to handle return
 713     return call_->AddArgument(context, proc_->Replace(context));
 714 }
 715
 716 CYExpression *CYRubyProc::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 717     return CYNonLocalize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_));
 718 }
 719
 720 CYScope::CYScope(bool transparent, CYContext &context) :
 721     transparent_(transparent),
 722     parent_(context.scope_)
 723 {
 724     context.scope_ = this;
 725 }
 726
 727 void CYScope::Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags) {
 728     if (!transparent_ || flags == CYIdentifierArgument || flags == CYIdentifierCatch)
 729         internal_.insert(CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap::value_type(identifier, flags));
 730     else if (parent_ != NULL)
 731         parent_->Declare(context, identifier, flags);
 732 }
 733
 734 CYIdentifier *CYScope::Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier) {
 735     std::pair<CYIdentifierValueSet::iterator, bool> insert(identifiers_.insert(identifier));
 736     return *insert.first;
 737 }
 738
 739 void CYScope::Merge(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier) {
 740     std::pair<CYIdentifierValueSet::iterator, bool> insert(identifiers_.insert(identifier));
 741     if (!insert.second) {
 742         if ((*insert.first)->offset_ < identifier->offset_)
 743             (*insert.first)->offset_ = identifier->offset_;
 744         identifier->replace_ = *insert.first;
 745         (*insert.first)->usage_ += identifier->usage_ + 1;
 746     }
 747 }
 748
 749 namespace {
 750     struct IdentifierOffset {
 751         size_t offset_;
 752         CYIdentifierFlags flags_;
 753         size_t usage_;
 754         CYIdentifier *identifier_;
 755
 756         IdentifierOffset(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags) :
 757             offset_(identifier->offset_),
 758             flags_(flags),
 759             usage_(identifier->usage_),
 760             identifier_(identifier)
 761         {
 762         }
 763     };
 764
 765     struct IdentifierOffsetLess :
 766         std::binary_function<const IdentifierOffset &, const IdentifierOffset &, bool>
 767     {
 768         _finline bool operator ()(const IdentifierOffset &lhs, const IdentifierOffset &rhs) const {
 769             if (lhs.offset_ != rhs.offset_)
 770                 return lhs.offset_ < rhs.offset_;
 771             if (lhs.flags_ != rhs.flags_)
 772                 return lhs.flags_ < rhs.flags_;
 773             /*if (lhs.usage_ != rhs.usage_)
 774                 return lhs.usage_ < rhs.usage_;*/
 775             return lhs.identifier_ < rhs.identifier_;
 776         }
 777     };
 778
 779     typedef std::set<IdentifierOffset, IdentifierOffsetLess> IdentifierOffsets;
 780 }
 781
 782 void CYScope::Close(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) {
 783     context.scope_ = parent_;
 784
 785     if (parent_ == NULL)
 786         return;
 787
 788     CYDeclarations *last(NULL), *curr(NULL);
 789
 790     IdentifierOffsets offsets;
 791
 792     for (CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap::const_iterator i(internal_.begin()); i != internal_.end(); ++i)
 793         if (i->second != CYIdentifierMagic)
 794             offsets.insert(IdentifierOffset(i->first, i->second));
 795
 796     size_t offset(0);
 797
 798     for (IdentifierOffsets::const_iterator i(offsets.begin()); i != offsets.end(); ++i) {
 799         if (i->flags_ == CYIdentifierVariable) {
 800             CYDeclarations *next($ CYDeclarations($ CYDeclaration(i->identifier_)));
 801             if (last == NULL)
 802                 last = next;
 803             if (curr != NULL)
 804                 curr->SetNext(next);
 805             curr = next;
 806         }
 807
 808         if (offset < i->offset_)
 809             offset = i->offset_;
 810         if (context.rename_.size() <= offset)
 811             context.rename_.resize(offset + 1);
 812
 813         CYIdentifierUsage &rename(context.rename_[offset++]);
 814         i->identifier_->SetNext(rename.identifier_);
 815         rename.identifier_ = i->identifier_;
 816         rename.usage_ += i->identifier_->usage_ + 1;
 817     }
 818
 819     if (last != NULL) {
 820         CYVar *var($ CYVar(last));
 821         var->SetNext(statements);
 822         statements = var;
 823     }
 824
 825     for (CYIdentifierValueSet::const_iterator i(identifiers_.begin()); i != identifiers_.end(); ++i)
 826         if (internal_.find(*i) == internal_.end()) {
 827             //std::cout << *i << '=' << offset << std::endl;
 828             if ((*i)->offset_ < offset)
 829                 (*i)->offset_ = offset;
 830             parent_->Merge(context, *i);
 831         }
 832 }
 833
 834 CYString *CYString::Concat(CYContext &context, CYString *rhs) const {
 835     size_t size(size_ + rhs->size_);
 836     char *value($ char[size + 1]);
 837     memcpy(value, value_, size_);
 838     memcpy(value + size_, rhs->value_, rhs->size_);
 839     value[size] = '\0';
 840     return $S(value, size);
 841 }
 842
 843 CYNumber *CYString::Number(CYContext &context) {
 844     // XXX: there is a precise algorithm for this
 845     return NULL;
 846 }
 847
 848 CYString *CYString::String(CYContext &context) {
 849     return this;
 850 }
 851
 852 CYStatement *CYSwitch::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 853     context.Replace(value_);
 854     clauses_->Replace(context);
 855     return this;
 856 }
 857
 858 CYExpression *CYThis::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 859     if (context.this_ != NULL)
 860         return $V(context.this_->Identifier(context));
 861     return this;
 862 }
 863
 864 namespace cy {
 865 namespace Syntax {
 866
 867 CYStatement *Throw::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 868     context.Replace(value_);
 869     return this;
 870 }
 871
 872 } }
 873
 874 CYExpression *CYTrivial::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 875     return this;
 876 }
 877
 878 CYNumber *CYTrue::Number(CYContext &context) {
 879     return $D(1);
 880 }
 881
 882 CYString *CYTrue::String(CYContext &context) {
 883     return $S("true");
 884 }
 885
 886 namespace cy {
 887 namespace Syntax {
 888
 889 CYStatement *Try::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 890     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
 891     catch_->Replace(context);
 892     finally_->Replace(context);
 893     return this;
 894 }
 895
 896 } }
 897
 898 CYExpression *CYTypeArrayOf::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
 899     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("arrayOf")), $ CYArgument(size_)));
 900 }
 901
 902 CYExpression *CYTypeBlockWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
 903     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("blockWith")), parameters_->Argument(context)));
 904 }
 905
 906 CYExpression *CYTypeConstant::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
 907     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("constant"))));
 908 }
 909
 910 CYStatement *CYTypeDefinition::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 911     return $E($ CYAssign($V(typed_->identifier_), typed_->Replace(context)));
 912 }
 913
 914 CYExpression *CYTypeError::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 915     _assert(false);
 916     return NULL;
 917 }
 918
 919 CYExpression *CYTypeModifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) { $T(type)
 920     return Replace_(context, type);
 921 }
 922
 923 CYExpression *CYTypeFunctionWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
 924     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("functionWith")), parameters_->Argument(context)));
 925 }
 926
 927 CYExpression *CYTypeLong::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 928     return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("long")));
 929 }
 930
 931 CYExpression *CYTypePointerTo::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
 932     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("pointerTo"))));
 933 }
 934
 935 CYExpression *CYTypeShort::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 936     return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("short")));
 937 }
 938
 939 CYExpression *CYTypeSigned::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 940     return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("signed")));
 941 }
 942
 943 CYExpression *CYTypeUnsigned::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 944     return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("unsigned")));
 945 }
 946
 947 CYExpression *CYTypeVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 948     return $V(name_);
 949 }
 950
 951 CYExpression *CYTypeVoid::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 952     return $N1($V("Type"), $ CYString("v"));
 953 }
 954
 955 CYExpression *CYTypeVolatile::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) {
 956     return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("volatile"))));
 957 }
 958
 959 CYExpression *CYTypedIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 960     return modifier_->Replace(context, specifier_->Replace(context));
 961 }
 962
 963 CYTypeFunctionWith *CYTypedIdentifier::Function() {
 964     CYTypeModifier **modifier(&modifier_);
 965     if (*modifier == NULL)
 966         return NULL;
 967     while ((*modifier)->next_ != NULL)
 968         modifier = &(*modifier)->next_;
 969     CYTypeFunctionWith *function((*modifier)->Function());
 970     if (function == NULL)
 971         return NULL;
 972     *modifier = NULL;
 973     return function;
 974 }
 975
 976 CYArgument *CYTypedParameter::Argument(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 977     return $ CYArgument(typed_->Replace(context), next_->Argument(context));
 978 }
 979
 980 CYFunctionParameter *CYTypedParameter::Parameters(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
 981     return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(typed_->identifier_ ?: context.Unique()), next_->Parameters(context));
 982 }
 983
 984 CYExpression *CYTypedParameter::TypeSignature(CYContext &context, CYExpression *prefix) { $T(prefix)
 985     return next_->TypeSignature(context, $ CYAdd(prefix, typed_->Replace(context)));
 986 }
 987
 988 CYStatement *CYVar::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 989     declarations_->Replace(context);
 990     if (CYExpression *expression = declarations_->Expression(context))
 991         return $E(expression);
 992     return $ CYEmpty();
 993 }
 994
 995 CYExpression *CYVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
 996     context.Replace(name_);
 997     return this;
 998 }
 999
1000 CYFunctionParameter *CYVariable::Parameter() const {
1001     return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYDeclaration(name_));
1002 }
1003
1004 CYStatement *CYWhile::Replace(CYContext &context) {
1005     context.Replace(test_);
1006     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
1007     return this;
1008 }
1009
1010 CYStatement *CYWith::Replace(CYContext &context) {
1011     context.Replace(scope_);
1012     context.ReplaceAll(code_);
1013     return this;
1014 }
1015
1016 CYExpression *CYWord::ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object) {
1017     CYString *name($S(this));
1018     if (object)
1019         return $C1($V("objc_getClass"), name);
1020     else
1021         return name;
1022 }