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1 @c The GNU Free Documentation License.
2 @center Version 1.2, November 2002
3
4 @c This file is intended to be included within another document,
5 @c hence no sectioning command or @node.
6
7 @display
8 Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
9 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
10
11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
13 @end display
14
15 @enumerate 0
16 @item
17 PREAMBLE
18
19 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
20 functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
21 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
22 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
23 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
24 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
25 for modifications made by others.
26
27 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
28 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
29 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
30 license designed for free software.
31
32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
33 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
34 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
35 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
36 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
37 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
38 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
39
40 @item
41 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
42
43 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
44 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
45 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
46 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
47 work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
48 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
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50 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
51 under copyright law.
52
53 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
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57 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
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68 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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76 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
77 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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79 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
80
81 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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90 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
91 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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94 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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105 output purposes only.
106
107 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
108 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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111 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
112 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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114 A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
115 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
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117 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
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119 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
120 section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
121
122 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
123 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
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126 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
127 no effect on the meaning of this License.
128
129 @item
130 VERBATIM COPYING
131
132 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
133 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
134 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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136 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
137 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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141
142 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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144
145 @item
146 COPYING IN QUANTITY
147
148 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
149 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
150 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
151 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
152 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
153 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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155 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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157 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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160
161 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
162 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
163 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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165
166 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
167 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
168 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
169 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
170 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
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172 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
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174 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
175 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
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177 edition to the public.
178
179 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
180 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
181 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
182
183 @item
184 MODIFICATIONS
185
186 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
187 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
188 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
189 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
190 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
191 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
192
193 @enumerate A
194 @item
195 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
196 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
197 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
198 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
199 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
200
201 @item
202 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
203 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
204 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
205 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
206 unless they release you from this requirement.
207
208 @item
209 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
210 Modified Version, as the publisher.
211
212 @item
213 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
214
215 @item
216 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
217 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
218
219 @item
220 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
221 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
222 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
223
224 @item
225 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
226 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
227
228 @item
229 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
230
231 @item
232 Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
233 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
234 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
235 there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
236 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
237 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
238 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
239
240 @item
241 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
242 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
243 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
244 it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
245 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
246 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
247 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
248
249 @item
250 For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
251 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
252 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
253 dedications given therein.
254
255 @item
256 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
257 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
258 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
259
260 @item
261 Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
262 may not be included in the Modified Version.
263
264 @item
265 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
266 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
267
268 @item
269 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
270 @end enumerate
271
272 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
273 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
274 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
275 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
276 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
277 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
278
279 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
280 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
281 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
282 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
283 standard.
284
285 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
286 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
287 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
288 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
289 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
290 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
291 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
292 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
293 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
294
295 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
296 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
297 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
298
299 @item
300 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
301
302 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
303 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
304 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
305 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
306 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
307 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
308
309 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
310 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
311 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
312 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
313 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
314 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
315 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
316 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
317
318 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
319 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
320 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
321 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
322 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
323
324 @item
325 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
326
327 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
328 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
329 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
330 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
331 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
332
333 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
334 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
335 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
336 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
337
338 @item
339 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
340
341 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
342 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
343 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
344 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
345 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
346 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
347 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
348 derivative works of the Document.
349
350 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
351 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
352 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
353 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
354 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
355 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
356 aggregate.
357
358 @item
359 TRANSLATION
360
361 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
362 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
363 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
364 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
365 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
366 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
367 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
368 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
369 the original English version of this License and the original versions
370 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
371 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
372 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
373
374 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
375 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
376 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
377 title.
378
379 @item
380 TERMINATION
381
382 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
383 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
384 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
385 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
386 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
387 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
388 parties remain in full compliance.
389
390 @item
391 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
392
393 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
394 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
395 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
396 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
397 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
398
399 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
400 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
401 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
402 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
403 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
404 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
405 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
406 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
407 @end enumerate
408
409 @page
410 @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
411
412 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
413 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
414 license notices just after the title page:
415
416 @smallexample
417 @group
418 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
419 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
420 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
421 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
422 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
423 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
424 Free Documentation License''.
425 @end group
426 @end smallexample
427
428 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
429 replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
430
431 @smallexample
432 @group
433 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
434 the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
435 being @var{list}.
436 @end group
437 @end smallexample
438
439 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
440 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
441 situation.
442
443 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
444 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
445 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
446 to permit their use in free software.
447
448 @c Local Variables:
449 @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
450 @c End:
451