Fix some comments concerning LR(0) versus LALR(1).

[bison.git] / src / LR0.c

/* Generate the LR(0) parser states for Bison.

   Copyright (C) 1984, 1986, 1989, 2000-2002, 2004-2010 Free Software
   Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.

   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */


/* See comments in state.h for the data structures that represent it.
   The entry point is generate_states.  */

#include <config.h>
#include "system.h"

#include <bitset.h>
#include <quotearg.h>

#include "LR0.h"
#include "closure.h"
#include "complain.h"
#include "getargs.h"
#include "gram.h"
#include "lalr.h"
#include "reader.h"
#include "reduce.h"
#include "state.h"
#include "symtab.h"

typedef struct state_list
{
  struct state_list *next;
  state *state;
} state_list;

static state_list *first_state = NULL;
static state_list *last_state = NULL;


/*------------------------------------------------------------------.
| A state was just discovered from another state.  Queue it for     |
| later examination, in order to find its transitions.  Return it.  |
`------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static state *
state_list_append (symbol_number sym, size_t core_size, item_number *core)
{
  state_list *node = xmalloc (sizeof *node);
  state *s = state_new (sym, core_size, core);

  if (trace_flag & trace_automaton)
    fprintf (stderr, "state_list_append (state = %d, symbol = %d (%s))\n",
	     nstates, sym, symbols[sym]->tag);

  node->next = NULL;
  node->state = s;

  if (!first_state)
    first_state = node;
  if (last_state)
    last_state->next = node;
  last_state = node;

  return s;
}

static int nshifts;
static symbol_number *shift_symbol;

static rule **redset;
static state **shiftset;

static item_number **kernel_base;
static int *kernel_size;
static item_number *kernel_items;

\f
static void
allocate_itemsets (void)
{
  symbol_number i;
  rule_number r;
  item_number *rhsp;

  /* Count the number of occurrences of all the symbols in RITEMS.
     Note that useless productions (hence useless nonterminals) are
     browsed too, hence we need to allocate room for _all_ the
     symbols.  */
  size_t count = 0;
  size_t *symbol_count = xcalloc (nsyms + nuseless_nonterminals,
				  sizeof *symbol_count);

  for (r = 0; r < nrules; ++r)
    for (rhsp = rules[r].rhs; *rhsp >= 0; ++rhsp)
      {
	count++;
	symbol_count[*rhsp]++;
      }

  /* See comments before new_itemsets.  All the vectors of items
     live inside KERNEL_ITEMS.  The number of active items after
     some symbol S cannot be more than the number of times that S
     appears as an item, which is SYMBOL_COUNT[S].
     We allocate that much space for each symbol.  */

  kernel_base = xnmalloc (nsyms, sizeof *kernel_base);
  kernel_items = xnmalloc (count, sizeof *kernel_items);

  count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < nsyms; i++)
    {
      kernel_base[i] = kernel_items + count;
      count += symbol_count[i];
    }

  free (symbol_count);
  kernel_size = xnmalloc (nsyms, sizeof *kernel_size);
}


static void
allocate_storage (void)
{
  allocate_itemsets ();

  shiftset = xnmalloc (nsyms, sizeof *shiftset);
  redset = xnmalloc (nrules, sizeof *redset);
  state_hash_new ();
  shift_symbol = xnmalloc (nsyms, sizeof *shift_symbol);
}


static void
free_storage (void)
{
  free (shift_symbol);
  free (redset);
  free (shiftset);
  free (kernel_base);
  free (kernel_size);
  free (kernel_items);
  state_hash_free ();
}




/*---------------------------------------------------------------.
| Find which symbols can be shifted in S, and for each one       |
| record which items would be active after that shift.  Uses the |
| contents of itemset.                                           |
|                                                                |
| shift_symbol is set to a vector of the symbols that can be     |
| shifted.  For each symbol in the grammar, kernel_base[symbol]  |
| points to a vector of item numbers activated if that symbol is |
| shifted, and kernel_size[symbol] is their numbers.             |
|                                                                |
| itemset is sorted on item index in ritem, which is sorted on   |
| rule number.  Compute each kernel_base[symbol] with the same   |
| sort.                                                          |
`---------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void
new_itemsets (state *s)
{
  size_t i;

  if (trace_flag & trace_automaton)
    fprintf (stderr, "Entering new_itemsets, state = %d\n", s->number);

  memset (kernel_size, 0, nsyms * sizeof *kernel_size);

  nshifts = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < nitemset; ++i)
    if (item_number_is_symbol_number (ritem[itemset[i]]))
      {
	symbol_number sym = item_number_as_symbol_number (ritem[itemset[i]]);
	if (!kernel_size[sym])
	  {
	    shift_symbol[nshifts] = sym;
	    nshifts++;
	  }

	kernel_base[sym][kernel_size[sym]] = itemset[i] + 1;
	kernel_size[sym]++;
      }
}



/*--------------------------------------------------------------.
| Find the state we would get to (from the current state) by    |
| shifting SYM.  Create a new state if no equivalent one exists |
| already.  Used by append_states.                              |
`--------------------------------------------------------------*/

static state *
get_state (symbol_number sym, size_t core_size, item_number *core)
{
  state *s;

  if (trace_flag & trace_automaton)
    fprintf (stderr, "Entering get_state, symbol = %d (%s)\n",
	     sym, symbols[sym]->tag);

  s = state_hash_lookup (core_size, core);
  if (!s)
    s = state_list_append (sym, core_size, core);

  if (trace_flag & trace_automaton)
    fprintf (stderr, "Exiting get_state => %d\n", s->number);

  return s;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------.
| Use the information computed by new_itemsets to find the state |
| numbers reached by each shift transition from S.		 |
|                                                                |
| SHIFTSET is set up as a vector of those states.                |
`---------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void
append_states (state *s)
{
  int i;

  if (trace_flag & trace_automaton)
    fprintf (stderr, "Entering append_states, state = %d\n", s->number);

  /* First sort shift_symbol into increasing order.  */

  for (i = 1; i < nshifts; i++)
    {
      symbol_number sym = shift_symbol[i];
      int j;
      for (j = i; 0 < j && sym < shift_symbol[j - 1]; j--)
	shift_symbol[j] = shift_symbol[j - 1];
      shift_symbol[j] = sym;
    }

  for (i = 0; i < nshifts; i++)
    {
      symbol_number sym = shift_symbol[i];
      shiftset[i] = get_state (sym, kernel_size[sym], kernel_base[sym]);
    }
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------------.
| Find which rules can be used for reduction transitions from the |
| current state and make a reductions structure for the state to  |
| record their rule numbers.                                      |
`----------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void
save_reductions (state *s)
{
  int count = 0;
  size_t i;

  /* Find and count the active items that represent ends of rules. */
  for (i = 0; i < nitemset; ++i)
    {
      item_number item = ritem[itemset[i]];
      if (item_number_is_rule_number (item))
	{
	  rule_number r = item_number_as_rule_number (item);
	  redset[count++] = &rules[r];
	  if (r == 0)
	    {
	      /* This is "reduce 0", i.e., accept. */
	      aver (!final_state);
	      final_state = s;
	    }
	}
    }

  /* Make a reductions structure and copy the data into it.  */
  state_reductions_set (s, count, redset);
}

\f
/*---------------.
| Build STATES.  |
`---------------*/

static void
set_states (void)
{
  states = xcalloc (nstates, sizeof *states);

  while (first_state)
    {
      state_list *this = first_state;

      /* Pessimization, but simplification of the code: make sure all
	 the states have valid transitions and reductions members,
	 even if reduced to 0.  It is too soon for errs, which are
	 computed later, but set_conflicts.  */
      state *s = this->state;
      if (!s->transitions)
	state_transitions_set (s, 0, 0);
      if (!s->reductions)
	state_reductions_set (s, 0, 0);

      states[s->number] = s;

      first_state = this->next;
      free (this);
    }
  first_state = NULL;
  last_state = NULL;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------.
| Compute the LR(0) parser states (see state.h for details) from the |
| grammar.                                                           |
`-------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void
generate_states (void)
{
  item_number initial_core = 0;
  state_list *list = NULL;
  allocate_storage ();
  new_closure (nritems);

  /* Create the initial state.  The 0 at the lhs is the index of the
     item of this initial rule.  */
  state_list_append (0, 1, &initial_core);

  /* States are queued when they are created; process them all.  */
  for (list = first_state; list; list = list->next)
    {
      state *s = list->state;
      if (trace_flag & trace_automaton)
	fprintf (stderr, "Processing state %d (reached by %s)\n",
		 s->number,
		 symbols[s->accessing_symbol]->tag);
      /* Set up itemset for the transitions out of this state.  itemset gets a
         vector of all the items that could be accepted next.  */
      closure (s->items, s->nitems);
      /* Record the reductions allowed out of this state.  */
      save_reductions (s);
      /* Find the itemsets of the states that shifts can reach.  */
      new_itemsets (s);
      /* Find or create the core structures for those states.  */
      append_states (s);

      /* Create the shifts structures for the shifts to those states,
	 now that the state numbers transitioning to are known.  */
      state_transitions_set (s, nshifts, shiftset);
    }

  /* discard various storage */
  free_closure ();
  free_storage ();

  /* Set up STATES. */
  set_states ();
}