Backport rred patches from my own sid branch to the 0.7.25 branch

[apt.git] / doc / apt-get.8.xml

diff --git a/doc/apt-get.8.xml b/doc/apt-get.8.xml
index 3c245b83bc6092c92e8f0b018755f9fd3bc31fe9..d3c3772bde1256ec46ff770a5d1384ff61580b3e 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/apt-get.8.xml
+++ b/doc/apt-get.8.xml
@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@
    &apt-email;
    &apt-product;
    <!-- The last update date -->
    &apt-email;
    &apt-product;
    <!-- The last update date -->

-   <date>29 February 2004</date>
+   <date>08 November 2008</date>

  </refentryinfo>
  
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
  </refentryinfo>
  
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

+   <refmiscinfo class="manual">APT</refmiscinfo>

  </refmeta>
  
  <!-- Man page title -->
  </refmeta>
  
  <!-- Man page title -->


@@ -33,21 +34,90 @@
  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
       <command>apt-get</command>
  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
       <command>apt-get</command>

-      <arg><option>-hvs</option></arg>
-      <arg><option>-o=<replaceable>config string</replaceable></option></arg>
-      <arg><option>-c=<replaceable>file</replaceable></option></arg>
+      <arg><option>-sqdyfmubV</option></arg>
+      <arg>
+             <option>-o=
+                         <replaceable>config_string</replaceable>
+             </option>
+      </arg>
+      <arg>
+             <option>-c=
+                     <replaceable>config_file</replaceable>
+             </option>
+      </arg>
+      <arg>
+                 <option>-t=</option>
+                 <group choice='req'>
+                         <arg choice='plain'>
+                                 <replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
+                         </arg>
+                         <arg choice='plain'>
+                                 <replaceable>target_release_number_expression</replaceable>
+                         </arg>
+                         <arg choice='plain'>
+                                 <replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
+                         </arg>
+                 </group>
+      </arg>
+

       <group choice="req">
       <group choice="req">

-         <arg>update</arg>
-         <arg>upgrade</arg>
-         <arg>dselect-upgrade</arg>
-         <arg>install <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
-         <arg>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
-         <arg>source <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
-         <arg>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
-         <arg>check</arg>
-         <arg>clean</arg>
-         <arg>autoclean</arg>
-         <arg>autoremove</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>update</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>upgrade</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>dselect-upgrade</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>dist-upgrade</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>install 
+                        <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
+                               <arg>
+                                       <group choice='req'>
+                                               <arg choice='plain'>
+                                                       =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
+                                               </arg>
+                                               <arg choice='plain'>
+                                                       /<replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
+                                               </arg>
+                                               <arg choice='plain'>
+                                                       /<replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
+                                               </arg>
+                                       </group>
+                               </arg>
+                        </arg>
+            </arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>purge <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>source 
+                        <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
+                               <arg>
+                                       <group choice='req'>
+                                               <arg choice='plain'>
+                                                       =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
+                                               </arg>
+                                               <arg choice='plain'>
+                                                       /<replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
+                                               </arg>
+                                               <arg choice='plain'>
+                                                       /<replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
+                                               </arg>
+                                       </group>
+                               </arg>
+                        </arg>
+            </arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>check</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>clean</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>autoclean</arg>
+         <arg choice='plain'>autoremove</arg>
+                <arg choice='plain'>
+                        <group choice='req'>
+                               <arg choice='plain'>-v</arg>
+                               <arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
+                        </group>
+                </arg>
+                <arg choice='plain'>
+                        <group choice='req'>
+                               <arg choice='plain'>-h</arg>
+                               <arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
+                        </group>
+                </arg>

       </group>   
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>
       </group>   
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>


@@ -55,8 +125,8 @@
  <refsect1><title>Description</title>
    <para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be 
    considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT
  <refsect1><title>Description</title>
    <para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be 
    considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT

-   library.  Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as dselect(8),
-   aptitude, synaptic, gnome-apt and wajig.</para>
+   library.  Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;,
+   &aptitude;, &synaptic;, &gnome-apt; and &wajig;.</para>

 
    <para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the
    commands below must be present.</para>
 
    <para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the
    commands below must be present.</para>


@@ -103,6 +173,7 @@
      with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict 
      resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important 
      packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. 
      with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict 
      resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important 
      packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. 

+        So, <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages.

      The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations 
      from which to retrieve desired package files.
      See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for
      The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations 
      from which to retrieve desired package files.
      See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for


@@ -110,17 +181,24 @@
      </varlistentry>
 
      <varlistentry><term>install</term>
      </varlistentry>
 
      <varlistentry><term>install</term>

-     <listitem><para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for 
-     installation. Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified 
-     filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, libc6 would be the 
-     argument provided, not <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>) All packages required 
-     by the package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and 
-     installed. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate 
-     the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with 
-     no intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is 
-     installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to 
-     install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by 
-     apt-get's conflict resolution system.</para>
+     <listitem>
+        <para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more 
+        packages desired for installation or upgrading. 
+        Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified 
+        filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, 
+        libc6 would be the argument provided, not 
+        <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages required 
+        by the package(s) specified for installation will also 
+        be retrieved and installed. 
+        The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is 
+        used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is 
+        appended to the package name (with no intervening space), 
+        the identified package will be removed if it is installed. 
+        Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a 
+        package to install. These latter features may be used 
+        to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict 
+        resolution system.
+        </para>

 
      <para>A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by 
      following the package name with an equals and the version of the package 
 
      <para>A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by 
      following the package name with an equals and the version of the package 


@@ -132,6 +210,17 @@
      <para>Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must
      be used with care.</para>
 
      <para>Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must
      be used with care.</para>
 

+       <para>This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or 
+               more already-installed packages without upgrading every package 
+               you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which 
+               installs the newest version of all currently installed packages, 
+               "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s) 
+               specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish 
+               to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its 
+               dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and 
+               installed.
+       </para>
+

      <para>Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to
      create an alternative installation policy for
      individual packages.</para>
      <para>Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to
      create an alternative installation policy for
      individual packages.</para>


@@ -147,22 +236,37 @@
 
      <varlistentry><term>remove</term>
      <listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are 
 
      <varlistentry><term>remove</term>
      <listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are 

-     removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is appended to the package 
+        removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its
+        configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package 

      name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be 
      installed instead of removed.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
      name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be 
      installed instead of removed.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 

+     <varlistentry><term>purge</term>
+     <listitem><para><literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except that packages are 
+     removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).</para></listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+

      <varlistentry><term>source</term>
      <listitem><para><literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source packages. APT 
      will examine the available packages to decide which source package to 
      fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the 
      <varlistentry><term>source</term>
      <listitem><para><literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source packages. APT 
      will examine the available packages to decide which source package to 
      fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the 

-     newest available version of that source package. Source packages are 
-     tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines 
-     in the &sources-list; file. This probably will mean that you will not 
-     get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could 
-     install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be 
-     compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is 
-     specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para>
+     newest available version of that source package while respect the
+     default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>,
+     the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the
+     <literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible.</para>
+
+     <para>Source packages are tracked separately
+     from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines 
+     in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will need to add such a line
+     for each repository you want to get sources from. If you don't do this
+     you will properly get another (newer, older or none) source version than
+     the one you have installed or could install.</para>
+
+     <para>If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified
+     then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using
+     <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command>, if <option>--download-only</option>
+     is specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para>

 
      <para>A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name
      with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism
 
      <para>A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name
      with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism


@@ -216,6 +320,11 @@
    &apt-cmdblurb;
 
    <variablelist>
    &apt-cmdblurb;
 
    <variablelist>

+     <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term>
+     <listitem><para>Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing.
+     Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>.</para></listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+

      <varlistentry><term><option>-d</option></term><term><option>--download-only</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
      <varlistentry><term><option>-d</option></term><term><option>--download-only</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>


@@ -274,9 +383,15 @@
      actually change the system. 
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
 
      actually change the system. 
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
 

+     <para>Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>)
+     automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation,
+     if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (Default: true).
+     Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what
+     he is doing without further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>).</para>
+

      <para>Simulate prints out
      a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),
      <para>Simulate prints out
      a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),

-     Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with
+     Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages

      and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
      (rare).</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
      (rare).</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>


@@ -307,6 +422,14 @@
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 

+     <varlistentry><term><option>--install-recommends</option></term>
+     <listitem><para>Also install recommended packages.</para></listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
+     <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term>
+     <listitem><para>Do not install recommended packages.</para></listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+

      <varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold 
      placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with 
      <varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold 
      placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with 


@@ -343,7 +466,8 @@
      <varlistentry><term><option>--purge</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed.
      An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are
      <varlistentry><term><option>--purge</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed.
      An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are

-     scheduled to be purged.
+        scheduled to be purged. <option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent for
+        <option>purge</option> command.

      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 


@@ -365,11 +489,14 @@
                    <term><option>--target-release</option></term>
                    <term><option>--default-release</option></term>
      <listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates
                    <term><option>--target-release</option></term>
                    <term><option>--default-release</option></term>
      <listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates

-     a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. The
-     preferences file may further override this setting. In short, this option
+     a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string.
+     This overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>.
+     Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value
+     of this option. In short, this option

      lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be
      retrieved from. Some common examples might be 
      lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be
      retrieved from. Some common examples might be 

-     <option>-t '2.1*'</option> or <option>-t unstable</option>.
+     <option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option>
+     or <option>-t sid</option>.

      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>;
      see also the &apt-preferences; manual page.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>;
      see also the &apt-preferences; manual page.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>


@@ -406,9 +533,9 @@
      Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
      Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 

-     <varlistentry><term><option>--diff-only</option></term><term><option>--tar-only</option></term>
-     <listitem><para>Download only the diff or tar file of a source archive. 
-     Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal> and 
+     <varlistentry><term><option>--diff-only</option></term><term><option>--dsc-only</option></term><term><option>--tar-only</option></term>
+     <listitem><para>Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. 
+     Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</literal>, and 

      <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      
      <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      


@@ -419,7 +546,7 @@
 
      <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-unauthenticated</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it.
 
      <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-unauthenticated</option></term>
      <listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it.

-     This is usefull for tools like pbuilder.
+     This is useful for tools like pbuilder.

      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      
      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      


@@ -431,50 +558,11 @@
 
  <refsect1><title>Files</title>
    <variablelist>
 
  <refsect1><title>Files</title>
    <variablelist>

-     <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-     
-     <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para>APT configuration file.
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-     
-     <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-     
-     <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para>Version preferences file.
-     This is where you would specify "pinning",
-     i.e. a preference to get certain packages
-     from a separate source
-     or from a different version of a distribution.
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-     
-     <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-     
-     <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (implicit partial). </para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-     
-     <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
-     &sources-list;
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-  
-     <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>
-     <listitem><para> Storage area for state information in transit.
-     Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (implicit partial).</para></listitem>
-     </varlistentry>     
+     &file-sourceslist;
+     &file-aptconf;
+     &file-preferences;
+     &file-cachearchives;
+     &file-statelists;

    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 


@@ -487,7 +575,16 @@
  <refsect1><title>Diagnostics</title>
    <para><command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.</para>
  </refsect1>
  <refsect1><title>Diagnostics</title>
    <para><command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.</para>
  </refsect1>

-
+ <refsect1>
+        <title>ORIGINAL AUTHORS</title>
+        <para>&apt-author.jgunthorpe;</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+        <title>CURRENT AUTHORS</title>
+        <para>
+                &apt-author.team;
+        </para>
+                &apt-qapage;
+ </refsect1>

  &manbugs;
  &manbugs;

- 

 </refentry>
 </refentry>