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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
-
-<!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent">
-%aptent;
-
-<!ENTITY % aptverbatiment SYSTEM "apt-verbatim.ent">
-%aptverbatiment;
-
+<!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent"> %aptent;
+<!ENTITY % aptverbatiment SYSTEM "apt-verbatim.ent"> %aptverbatiment;
+<!ENTITY % aptvendor SYSTEM "apt-vendor.ent"> %aptvendor;
]>
<refentry>
&apt-email;
&apt-product;
<!-- The last update date -->
- <date>2012-05-21T00:00:00Z</date>
+ <date>2012-06-09T00:00:00Z</date>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refsect1><title>Description</title>
<para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be
considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT
- library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;,
+ library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as
&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;.</para>
<para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the
available.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><option>dselect-upgrade</option></term>
- <listitem><para><literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
- is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging
- front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
- follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</literal>
- field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to realize
- that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of new
- packages).</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
<varlistentry><term><option>dist-upgrade</option></term>
<listitem><para><literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of
<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies
with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict
resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important
packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary.
- So, <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages.
+ The <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may therefore remove some packages.
The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations
from which to retrieve desired package files.
See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for
overriding the general settings for individual packages.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>dselect-upgrade</option></term>
+ <listitem><para><literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
+ is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging
+ front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
+ follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</literal>
+ field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to realize
+ that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of new
+ packages).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry><term><option>install</option></term>
<listitem>
<para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more
packages desired for installation or upgrading.
Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified
- filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system,
- libc6 would be the argument provided, not
- <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages required
+ filename (for instance, in a Debian system,
+ <package>apt-utils</package> would be the argument provided, not
+ <filename>apt-utils_&apt-product-version;_amd64.deb</filename>). All packages required
by the package(s) specified for installation will also
be retrieved and installed.
The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is
<varlistentry><term><option>remove</option></term>
<listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are
- removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its
- configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package
+ removed instead of installed. Note that removing a package leaves its
+ configuration files on the system. If a plus sign is appended to the package
name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be
installed instead of removed.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible.</para>
<para>Source packages are tracked separately
- from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines
+ from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> lines
in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will need to add such a line
- for each repository you want to get sources from. If you don't do this
- you will properly get another (newer, older or none) source version than
- the one you have installed or could install.</para>
+ for each repository you want to get sources from; otherwise you will probably
+ get either the wrong (too old/too new) source versions or none at all.</para>
<para>If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified
then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using
used for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source
package name and version, implicitly enabling the
<literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal> option.</para>
-
- <para>Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they
- exist only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source
- tar balls.</para></listitem>
+
+ <para>Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the
+ <command>dpkg</command> database like binary packages; they are simply downloaded
+ to the current directory, like source tarballs.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>build-dep</option></term>
<listitem><para><literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved package
files. It removes everything but the lock file from
<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and
- <filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a
- &dselect; method, <literal>clean</literal> is run automatically.
- Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal>
- from time to time to free up disk space.</para></listitem>
+ <filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><option>autoclean</option></term>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>autoclean</option> (and the <option>auto-clean</option> alias since 1.1)</term>
<listitem><para>Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the local
repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only
removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely
erased if it is set to off.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><option>autoremove</option></term>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>autoremove</option> (and the <option>auto-remove</option> alias since 1.1)</term>
<listitem><para><literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were automatically
installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are now no longer needed.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>changelog</option></term>
- <listitem><para><literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays
- it through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base
- directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal>
- variable (e. g. <ulink url="http://packages.debian.org/changelogs">packages.debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for
- Debian or <ulink url="http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> for
- Ubuntu).
- By default it displays the changelog for the version that is
- installed. However, you can specify the same options as for
- the <option>install</option> command.
- </para>
+ <listitem><para><literal>changelog</literal> tries to download the
+ changelog of a package and displays it through
+ <command>sensible-pager</command>. By default it
+ displays the changelog for the version that is installed.
+ However, you can specify the same options as for the
+ <option>install</option> command.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>indextargets</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Displays by default a deb822 formatted listing of
+ information about all data files (aka index targets) <command>apt-get
+ update</command> would download. Supports a
+ <option>--format</option> option to modify the output format as
+ well as accepts lines of the default output to filter the records
+ by. The command is mainly used as an interface for external tools
+ working with APT to get information as well as filenames for
+ downloaded files so they can use them as well instead of
+ downloading them again on their own. Detailed documentation is
+ omitted here and can instead be found in the source tree in
+ <literal><filename>doc/acquire-additional-files.txt</filename></literal>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package
dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's
dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention
- (which usually means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of
+ (which usually means using <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of
the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> may produce an
error in some situations.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>.</para></listitem>
<varlistentry><term><option>-m</option></term><term><option>--ignore-missing</option></term>
<term><option>--fix-missing</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the
+ <listitem><para>Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the
integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back
those packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with
<option>-f</option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is
<listitem><para>Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators.
More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use
<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration file.
- Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never use -qq
+ Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>; you should never use -qq
without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may
- decided to do something you did not expect.
+ decide to do something you did not expect.
Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
<term><option>--recon</option></term>
<term><option>--no-act</option></term>
- <listitem><para>No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not
- actually change the system.
- Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
-
- <para>Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>)
- automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation,
- if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (Default: true).
- Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what
- he is doing without further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>).</para>
-
- <para>Simulate prints out
- a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),
- Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages
- and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
- (rare).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur
+ based on the current system state but do not actually change the
+ system. Locking will be disabled (<option>Debug::NoLocking</option>)
+ so the system state could change while <command>apt-get</command> is
+ running. Simulations can also be executed by non-root users which might
+ not have read access to all apt configuration distorting the simulation.
+ A notice expressing this warning is also shown by default for non-root
+ users (<option>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note</option>).
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
+
+ <para>Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a <command>dpkg</command>
+ operation: configure (<literal>Conf</literal>), remove (<literal>Remv</literal>)
+ or unpack (<literal>Inst</literal>). Square brackets indicate broken packages, and
+ empty square brackets indicate breaks that are of no consequence (rare).</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>-y</option></term><term><option>--yes</option></term>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>-u</option></term><term><option>--show-upgraded</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be
+ <listitem><para>Show upgraded packages; print out a list of all packages that are to be
upgraded.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
by <command>apt-get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies
are satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture
is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::Architecture</literal>).
- Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-Architecture</literal>
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-Architecture</literal>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><option>-P</option></term>
+ <term><option>--build-profiles</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>This option controls the activated build profiles for which
+ a source package is built by <command>apt-get source --compile</command> and
+ how build dependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active.
+ More than one build profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them
+ with a comma.
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Build-Profiles</literal>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold
+ <listitem><para>Ignore package holds; this causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold
placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with
<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired holds.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--with-new-pkgs</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Allow installing new packages when used in
+ conjunction with <literal>upgrade</literal>. This is useful if
+ the update of a installed package requires new dependencies to be
+ installed. Instead of holding the package back <literal>upgrade</literal>
+ will upgrade the package and install the new dependencies. Note that
+ <literal>upgrade</literal> with this option will never remove packages,
+ only allow adding new ones.
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New</literal>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry><term><option>--no-upgrade</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</literal>,
+ <listitem><para>Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with <literal>install</literal>,
<literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command line
from being upgraded if they are already installed.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--only-upgrade</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Do not install new packages; When used in conjunction
+ <listitem><para>Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction
with <literal>install</literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will
install upgrades for already installed packages only and ignore requests
to install new packages.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-downgrades</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
+ without prompting if it is doing downgrades. It
+ should not be used except in very special situations. Using
+ it can potentially destroy your system!
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-downgrades</literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-remove-essential</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
+ without prompting if it is removing essentials. It
+ should not be used except in very special situations. Using
+ it can potentially destroy your system!
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-remove-essential</literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-change-held-packages</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
+ without prompting if it is changing held packages. It
+ should not be used except in very special situations. Using
+ it can potentially destroy your system!
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::allow-change-held-packages</literal>. Introduced in APT 1.1.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry><term><option>--force-yes</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
+ <listitem><para>Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It
should not be used except in very special situations. Using
<literal>force-yes</literal> can potentially destroy your system!
- Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>. This is deprecated and replaced by <option>--allow-downgrades</option>, <option>--allow-remove-essential</option>, <option>--allow-change-held-packages</option> in 1.1. </para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--print-uris</option></term>
<listitem><para>Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each
URI will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected
- md5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match
+ MD5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match
the file name on the remote site! This also works with the
<literal>source</literal> and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the
<literal>update</literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--reinstall</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.
+ <listitem><para>Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--list-cleanup</option></term>
- <listitem><para>This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn it
- off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the contents of
- <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete files are erased.
- The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your source
- list.
+ <listitem><para>This option is on by default; use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn
+ it off. When it is on, <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the contents
+ of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete files are erased.
+ The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your sources list.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-Cleanup</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>-t</option></term>
<term><option>--target-release</option></term>
<term><option>--default-release</option></term>
- <listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates
+ <listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates
a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string.
This overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>.
Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value
<varlistentry><term><option>--trivial-only</option></term>
<listitem><para>
Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered
- related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</option> will answer
+ related to <option>--assume-yes</option>; where <option>--assume-yes</option> will answer
yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will answer no.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--auto-remove</option></term>
<listitem><para>If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</literal>,
- then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> command, removing the unused
+ then this option acts like running the <literal>autoremove</literal> command, removing unused
dependency packages. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--allow-unauthenticated</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it.
- This is useful for tools like pbuilder.
- Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt
+ about it. This can be useful while working with local repositories,
+ but is a huge security risk if data authenticity isn't ensured in
+ another way by the user itself. The usage of the
+ <option>Trusted</option> option for &sources-list; entries should
+ usually be preferred over this global override. Configuration Item:
+ <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
-
+
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--no-allow-insecure-repositories</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Forbid the update command to acquire unverifiable
+ data from configured sources. Apt will fail at the update command
+ for repositories without valid cryptographically signatures.
+
+ Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--show-progress</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Show user friendly progress information in the
+ terminal window when packages are installed, upgraded or
+ removed. For a machine parsable version of this data see
+ README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory.
+ Configuration Item: <literal>Dpkg::Progress</literal> and <literal>Dpkg::Progress-Fancy</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
&apt-commonoptions;
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>See Also</title>
- <para>&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;,
+ <para>&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &sources-list;,
&apt-conf;, &apt-config;, &apt-secure;,
The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto.</para>
</refsect1>
projects / apt.git / blobdiff