show right binary name in simulation notice

[apt.git] / doc / sources.list.5.xml

diff --git a/doc/sources.list.5.xml b/doc/sources.list.5.xml
index 9eb66d728e0827e4ea4abc57b4c27bab45382da2..e6d82b1e79af05c0a82011949740ab7ace282917 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/sources.list.5.xml
+++ b/doc/sources.list.5.xml
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>

-<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
-
-<!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent">
-%aptent;
-
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent"> %aptent;
+<!ENTITY % aptverbatiment SYSTEM "apt-verbatim.ent"> %aptverbatiment;
+<!ENTITY % aptvendor SYSTEM "apt-vendor.ent"> %aptvendor;

 ]>
 
 <refentry>
 ]>
 
 <refentry>


@@ -15,211 +14,506 @@
    &apt-email;
    &apt-product;
    <!-- The last update date -->
    &apt-email;
    &apt-product;
    <!-- The last update date -->

-   <date>29 February 2004</date>
+   <date>2016-06-20T00:00:00Z</date>

  </refentryinfo>
  
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  </refentryinfo>
  
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>

+   <refmiscinfo class="manual">APT</refmiscinfo>

  </refmeta>
  
  <!-- Man page title -->
  <refnamediv>
     <refname>sources.list</refname>
  </refmeta>
  
  <!-- Man page title -->
  <refnamediv>
     <refname>sources.list</refname>

-    <refpurpose>Package resource list for APT</refpurpose>
+    <refpurpose>List of configured APT data sources</refpurpose>

  </refnamediv>
  
  <refsect1><title>Description</title>
  </refnamediv>
  
  <refsect1><title>Description</title>

-   <para>The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package
-   distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page
-   documents only the packaging system used by the Debian GNU/Linux system.
-   This control file is located in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></para>
-
-   <para>The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a
-   variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the
-   most preferred source listed first. The format of each line is:
-   <literal>type uri args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal>
-   determines the format for <literal>args</literal> <literal>uri</literal> is
-   a Universal Resource Identifier 
-   (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known Universal
-   Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a comment 
-   by using a #.</para>
+   <para>
+      The source list <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> and the
+      files contained in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename> are
+      designed to support any number of active sources and a variety of source
+      media. The files list one source per line (one-line style) or contain multiline
+      stanzas defining one or more sources per stanza (deb822 style), with the
+      most preferred source listed first (in case a single version is
+      available from more than one source). The information available from the
+      configured sources is acquired by <command>apt-get update</command> (or
+      by an equivalent command from another APT front-end).
+   </para>

  </refsect1>
  
  <refsect1><title>sources.list.d</title>
  </refsect1>
  
  <refsect1><title>sources.list.d</title>

-   <para>The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides
-   a way to add sources.list entries in separate files whose names end with 
-   <literal>.list</literal>. The format is the same as for the regular
-   <filename>sources.list</filename> file. </para>
+    <para>The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides
+       a way to add sources.list entries in separate files.
+       Two different file formats are allowed as described in the next two sections.
+       Filenames need to have either the extension <filename>.list</filename> or
+       <filename>.sources</filename> depending on the contained format.
+       The filenames may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z),
+       digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters.
+       Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file, unless that
+       file matches a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal>
+       configuration list - in which case it will be silently ignored.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>One-Line-Style Format</title>
+    <para>
+       Files in this format have the extension <filename>.list</filename>.
+       Each line specifying a source starts with a type (e.g. <literal>deb-src</literal>)
+       followed by options and arguments for this type.
+
+       Individual entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines
+       are ignored, and a <literal>#</literal> character anywhere on a line marks
+       the remainder of that line as a comment. Consequently an entry can be
+       disabled by commenting out the entire line.
+
+       If options should be provided they are separated by spaces and all of
+       them together are enclosed by square brackets (<literal>[]</literal>)
+       included in the line after the type separated from it with a space.
+       If an option allows multiple values these are separated from each other
+       with a comma (<literal>,</literal>). An option name is separated from its
+       value(s) by an equals sign (<literal>=</literal>). Multivalue options also
+       have <literal>-=</literal> and <literal>+=</literal> as separators, which
+       instead of replacing the default with the given value(s) modify the default
+       value(s) to remove or include the given values.
+   </para><para>
+       This is the traditional format and supported by all apt versions.
+       Note that not all options as described below are supported by all apt versions.
+       Note also that some older applications parsing this format on their own might not
+       expect to encounter options as they were uncommon before the introduction of
+       multi-architecture support.
+    </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>deb822-Style Format</title>
+    <para>
+       Files in this format have the extension <filename>.sources</filename>.
+       The format is similar in syntax to other files used by Debian and its
+       derivatives, such as the metadata files that apt will download from the configured
+       sources or the <filename>debian/control</filename> file in a Debian source package.
+
+       Individual entries are separated by an empty line; additional empty
+       lines are ignored, and a <literal>#</literal> character at the start of
+       the line marks the entire line as a comment. An entry can hence be
+       disabled by commenting out each line belonging to the stanza, but it is
+       usually easier to add the field "Enabled: no" to the stanza to disable
+       the entry. Removing the field or setting it to yes reenables it.
+
+       Options have the same syntax as every other field: A fieldname separated by
+       a colon (<literal>:</literal>) and optionally spaces from its value(s).
+       Note especially that multiple values are separated by spaces, not by
+       commas as in the one-line format. Multivalue fields like <literal>Architectures</literal>
+       also have <literal>Architectures-Add</literal> and <literal>Architectures-Remove</literal>
+       to modify the default value rather than replacing it.
+   </para><para>
+       This is a new format supported by apt itself since version 1.1. Previous
+       versions ignore such files with a notice message as described earlier.
+       It is intended to make this format gradually the default format,
+       deprecating the previously described one-line-style format, as it is
+       easier to create, extend and modify for humans and machines alike
+       especially if a lot of sources and/or options are involved.
+
+       Developers who are working with and/or parsing apt sources are highly
+       encouraged to add support for this format and to contact the APT team
+       to coordinate and share this work. Users can freely adopt this format
+       already, but may encounter problems with software not supporting
+       the format yet.
+    </para>

  </refsect1>
 
  </refsect1>
 

- <refsect1><title>The deb and deb-src types</title>
-   <para>The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian
-   archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically,
-   <literal>distribution</literal> is generally one of
-   <literal>stable</literal> <literal>unstable</literal> or 
-   <literal>testing</literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> 
-   <literal>contrib</literal> <literal>non-free</literal> or
-   <literal>non-us</literal> The 
-   <literal>deb-src</literal> type describes a debian distribution's source
+ <refsect1><title>The deb and deb-src Types: General Format</title>
+   <para>The <literal>deb</literal> type references a typical two-level Debian
+   archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. The
+   <literal>distribution</literal> is generally a suite name like
+   <literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like
+   <literal>&debian-stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&debian-testing-codename;</literal>
+   while component is one of <literal>main</literal>, <literal>contrib</literal> or
+   <literal>non-free</literal>. The
+   <literal>deb-src</literal> type references a Debian distribution's source

    code in the same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type.
    A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required to fetch source indexes.</para>
 
    code in the same form as the <literal>deb</literal> type.
    A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required to fetch source indexes.</para>
 

+   <para>The format for two one-line-style entries using the
+   <literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:</para>

 
 

-   <para>The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the
-   <literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types are:</para>
+   <literallayout>deb [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]
+deb-src [ option1=value1 option2=value2 ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [...]</literallayout>

 
 

-   <literallayout>deb uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]</literallayout>
+   <para>Alternatively the equivalent entry in deb822 style looks like this:
+   <literallayout>
+     Types: deb deb-src
+     URIs: uri
+     Suites: suite
+     Components: [component1] [component2] [...]
+     option1: value1
+     option2: value2
+   </literallayout>
+   </para>

 
    <para>The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the
 
    <para>The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the

-   Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. 
-   <literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the 
-   components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with
-   a slash (/). This is useful for when only a particular sub-section of the 
-   archive denoted by the URI is of interest.
-   If <literal>distribution</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least
+   Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs.
+   <literal>suite</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the
+   components must be omitted and <literal>suite</literal> must end with
+   a slash (<literal>/</literal>). This is useful for the case when only a
+   particular sub-directory of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest.
+   If <literal>suite</literal> does not specify an exact path, at least

    one <literal>component</literal> must be present.</para>
 
    one <literal>component</literal> must be present.</para>
 

-   <para><literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, 
+   <para><literal>suite</literal> may also contain a variable,

    <literal>$(ARCH)</literal>
    <literal>$(ARCH)</literal>

-   which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, powerpc, ...)
-   used on the system. This permits architecture-independent
+   which expands to the Debian architecture (such as <literal>amd64</literal> or
+   <literal>armel</literal>) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent

    <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only
    <filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only

-   of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will
+   of interest when specifying an exact path; <literal>APT</literal> will

    automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise.</para>
 
    automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise.</para>
 

-   <para>Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary
-   to have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available
-   distributions or components at that location is desired.
-   APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a complete set 
-   internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same Internet 
-   host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not 
-   inefficiently establish an FTP connection, close it, do something else, 
-   and then re-establish a connection to that same host. This feature is 
-   useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the number of 
-   simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to 
-   different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth.</para>
+   <para>Especially in the one-line-style format since only one distribution
+      can be specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for
+      the same URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at
+      that location is desired.  APT will sort the URI list after it has
+      generated a complete set internally, and will collapse multiple
+      references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single
+      connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish a
+      connection, close it, do something else, and then re-establish a
+      connection to that same host. APT also parallelizes connections to
+      different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low
+      bandwidth.</para>

 
    <para>It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most
    preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting
    by speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local
    network, followed by distant Internet hosts, for example).</para>
 
 
    <para>It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most
    preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting
    by speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local
    network, followed by distant Internet hosts, for example).</para>
 

-   <para>Some examples:</para>
-   <literallayout>
-deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
-deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian dists/stable-updates/
-   </literallayout>
+   <para>As an example, the sources for your distribution could look like this
+      in one-line-style format:
+      <literallayout>&sourceslist-list-format;</literallayout> or like this in
+      deb822 style format:
+      <literallayout>&sourceslist-sources-format;</literallayout></para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>The deb and deb-src types: Options</title>
+    <para>Each source entry can have options specified to modify which source
+       is accessed and how data is acquired from it. Format, syntax and names
+       of the options vary between the one-line-style and deb822-style formats
+       as described, but they both have the same options available. For simplicity
+       we list the deb822 fieldname and provide the one-line name in brackets.
+       Remember that besides setting multivalue options explicitly, there is also
+       the option to modify them based on the default, but we aren't listing those
+       names explicitly here. Unsupported options are silently ignored by all
+       APT versions.
+
+       <itemizedlist>
+         <listitem><para><option>Architectures</option>
+               (<option>arch</option>) is a multivalue option defining for
+               which architectures information should be downloaded. If this
+               option isn't set the default is all architectures as defined by
+               the <option>APT::Architectures</option> config option.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>Languages</option>
+               (<option>lang</option>) is a multivalue option defining for
+               which languages information such as translated package
+               descriptions should be downloaded.  If this option isn't set
+               the default is all languages as defined by the
+               <option>Acquire::Languages</option> config option.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>Targets</option>
+               (<option>target</option>) is a multivalue option defining
+               which download targets apt will try to acquire from this
+               source. If not specified, the default set is defined by the
+               <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</option> configuration scope
+               (targets are specified by their name in the
+               <literal>Created-By</literal> field).
+               Additionally, targets can be enabled or disabled by using the
+               <literal>Identifier</literal> field as an option with a boolean
+               value instead of using this multivalue option.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>PDiffs</option> (<option>pdiffs</option>)
+               is a yes/no value which controls if APT should try to use PDiffs
+               to update old indexes instead of downloading the new indexes
+               entirely. The value of this option is ignored if the repository
+               doesn't announce the availability of PDiffs.  Defaults to the
+               value of the option with the same name for a specific index file
+               defined in the <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</option> scope,
+               which itself defaults to the value of configuration option
+               <option>Acquire::PDiffs</option> which defaults to
+               <literal>yes</literal>.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>By-Hash</option> (<option>by-hash</option>)
+               can have the value <literal>yes</literal>, <literal>no</literal>
+               or <literal>force</literal> and controls if APT should try to
+               acquire indexes via a URI constructed from a hashsum of the
+               expected file instead of using the well-known stable filename
+               of the index. Using this can avoid hashsum mismatches, but
+               requires a supporting mirror. A <literal>yes</literal> or
+               <literal>no</literal> value activates/disables the use of this
+               feature if this source indicates support for it, while
+               <literal>force</literal> will enable the feature regardless of
+               what the source indicates. Defaults to the value of the option
+               of the same name for a specific index file defined in the
+               <option>Acquire::IndexTargets</option> scope, which itself
+               defaults to the value of configuration option
+               <option>Acquire::By-Hash</option> which defaults to
+               <literal>yes</literal>.
+         </para></listitem>

 
 

+       </itemizedlist>
+
+       Furthermore, there are options which if set affect
+       <emphasis>all</emphasis> sources with the same URI and Suite, so they
+       have to be set on all such entries and can not be varied between
+       different components. APT will try to detect and error out on such
+       anomalies.
+
+       <itemizedlist>
+         <listitem><para><option>Allow-Insecure</option> (<option>allow-insecure</option>),
+               <option>Allow-Weak</option> (<option>allow-weak</option>) and
+               <option>Allow-Downgrade-To-Insecure</option> (<option>allow-downgrade-to-insecure</option>)
+               are boolean values which all default to <literal>no</literal>.
+               If set to <literal>yes</literal> they circumvent parts of &apt-secure;
+               and should therefore not be used lightly!
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>Trusted</option> (<option>trusted</option>)
+               is a tri-state value which defaults to APT deciding if a source
+               is considered trusted or if warnings should be raised before e.g.
+               packages are installed from this source. This option can be used
+               to override that decision. The value <literal>yes</literal> tells APT
+               always to consider this source as trusted, even if it doesn't pass
+               authentication checks. It disables parts of &apt-secure;, and should
+               therefore only be used in a local and trusted context (if at all) as
+               otherwise security is breached. The value <literal>no</literal> does
+               the opposite, causing the source to be handled as untrusted even if
+               the authentication checks passed successfully. The default value can't
+               be set explicitly.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>Signed-By</option> (<option>signed-by</option>)
+               is either an absolute path to a keyring file (has to be
+               accessible and readable for the <literal>_apt</literal> user,
+               so ensure everyone has read-permissions on the file) or one or
+               more fingerprints of keys either in the
+               <filename>trusted.gpg</filename> keyring or in the
+               keyrings in the <filename>trusted.gpg.d/</filename> directory
+               (see <command>apt-key fingerprint</command>). If the option is
+               set, only the key(s) in this keyring or only the keys with these
+               fingerprints are used for the &apt-secure; verification of this
+               repository. Defaults to the value of the option with the same name
+               if set in the previously acquired <filename>Release</filename> file.
+               Otherwise all keys in the trusted keyrings are considered valid
+               signers for this repository.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>Check-Valid-Until</option> (<option>check-valid-until</option>)
+               is a yes/no value which controls if APT should try to detect
+               replay attacks. A repository creator can declare a time until
+               which the data provided in the repository should be considered valid,
+               and if this time is reached, but no new data is provided, the data
+               is considered expired and an error is raised.  Besides
+               increasing security, as a malicious attacker can't send old data
+               forever to prevent a user from upgrading to a new version,
+               this also helps users identify mirrors which are no longer
+               updated. However, some repositories such as historic archives
+               are not updated any more by design, so this check can be
+               disabled by setting this option to <literal>no</literal>.
+               Defaults to the value of configuration option
+               <option>Acquire::Check-Valid-Until</option> which itself
+               defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+         <listitem><para><option>Valid-Until-Min</option>
+               (<option>valid-until-min</option>) and
+               <option>Valid-Until-Max</option>
+               (<option>valid-until-max</option>) can be used to raise or
+               lower the time period in seconds in which the data from this
+               repository is considered valid. -Max can be especially useful
+               if the repository provides no Valid-Until field on its Release
+               file to set your own value, while -Min can be used to increase
+               the valid time on seldom updated (local) mirrors of a more
+               frequently updated but less accessible archive (which is in the
+               sources.list as well) instead of disabling the check entirely.
+               Default to the value of the configuration options
+               <option>Acquire::Min-ValidTime</option> and
+               <option>Acquire::Max-ValidTime</option> which are both unset by
+               default.
+         </para></listitem>
+
+       </itemizedlist>
+
+    </para>

  </refsect1>
 
  </refsect1>
 

- <refsect1><title>URI specification</title>
+ <refsect1><title>URI Specification</title>

 
 

-   <para>The currently recognized URI types are cdrom, file, http, ftp, copy,
-   ssh, rsh.
+    <para>The currently recognized URI types are:

    <variablelist>
    <variablelist>

-    <varlistentry><term>file</term>
+    <varlistentry><term><command>file</command></term>

     <listitem><para>
     The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be
     considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or
     archives.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     
     <listitem><para>
     The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be
     considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or
     archives.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
     

-    <varlistentry><term>cdrom</term>
+    <varlistentry><term><command>cdrom</command></term>

     <listitem><para>
     <listitem><para>

-    The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CDROM drive with media
+    The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD-ROM drive with media

     swapping. Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the
     source list.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
     swapping. Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the
     source list.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 

-    <varlistentry><term>http</term>
+    <varlistentry><term><command>http</command></term>

     <listitem><para>
     The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment
     variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format 
     http://server:port/, the proxy server specified in
     <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. Users of authenticated
     HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format
     <listitem><para>
     The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment
     variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format 
     http://server:port/, the proxy server specified in
     <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. Users of authenticated
     HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format

-    http://user:pass@server:port/
+    http://user:pass@server:port/.

     Note that this is an insecure method of authentication.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
     Note that this is an insecure method of authentication.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 

-    <varlistentry><term>ftp</term>
+    <varlistentry><term><command>ftp</command></term>

     <listitem><para>
     The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior
     is highly configurable; for more information see the
     <listitem><para>
     The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior
     is highly configurable; for more information see the

-    &apt-conf; manual page. Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified
+    &apt-conf; manual page. Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified

     by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible
     by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable. It is possible

-    to specify a http proxy (http proxy servers often understand ftp urls)
-    using this method and ONLY this method. ftp proxies using http specified in
+    to specify an HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs)
+    using this environment variable and <emphasis>only</emphasis> this
+    environment variable. Proxies using HTTP specified in

     the configuration file will be ignored.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
     the configuration file will be ignored.</para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 

-    <varlistentry><term>copy</term>
+    <varlistentry><term><command>copy</command></term>

     <listitem><para>
     The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are
     copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location.
     <listitem><para>
     The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are
     copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location.

-    This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT.</para></listitem>
+    This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with APT.</para></listitem>

     </varlistentry>
     
     </varlistentry>
     

-    <varlistentry><term>rsh</term><term>ssh</term>
+    <varlistentry><term><command>rsh</command></term><term><command>ssh</command></term>
+    <listitem><para>
+    The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and
+    access the files as a given user. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys
+    is recommended. The standard <command>find</command> and <command>dd</command>
+    commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host.
+    </para></listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry><term>adding more recognizable URI types</term>

     <listitem><para>
     <listitem><para>

-    The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host
-       as a given user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior
-       arrangements with RSA keys or rhosts.
-    Access to files on the remote uses standard <command>find</command> and
-    <command>dd</command> 
-    commands to perform the file transfers from the remote.</para></listitem>
+    APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, which should
+    follow the naming scheme <package>apt-transport-<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>.
+    For instance, the APT team also maintains the package <package>apt-transport-https</package>,
+    which provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http method.
+    Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available - see &apt-transport-debtorrent;.
+    </para></listitem>

     </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </para>
  </refsect1>
     </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </para>
  </refsect1>

- 
+

  <refsect1><title>Examples</title>
  <refsect1><title>Examples</title>

-   <para>Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian
+   <para>Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/apt/debian

    for stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free.</para>
    for stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free.</para>

-   <literallayout>deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>deb file:/home/apt/debian stable main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>Types: deb
+URIs: file:/home/apt/debian
+Suites: stable
+Components: main contrib non-free</literallayout>

 
    <para>As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution.</para>
 
    <para>As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution.</para>

-   <literallayout>deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>deb file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>Types: deb
+URIs: file:/home/apt/debian
+Suites: unstable
+Components: main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+
+   <para>Sources specification for the above.</para>
+   <literallayout>deb-src file:/home/apt/debian unstable main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>Types: deb-src
+URIs: file:/home/apt/debian
+Suites: unstable
+Components: main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+
+   <para>The first line gets package information for the architectures in <literal>APT::Architectures</literal>
+   while the second always retrieves <literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>.</para>
+   <literallayout>deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &debian-stable-codename; main
+deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://httpredir.debian.org/debian &debian-stable-codename; main</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>Types: deb
+URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian
+Suites: &debian-stable-codename;
+Components: main

 
 

-   <para>Source line for the above</para>
-   <literallayout>deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free</literallayout>
+Types: deb
+URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian
+Suites: &debian-stable-codename;
+Components: main
+Architectures: amd64 armel
+</literallayout>

 
    <para>Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only
    the hamm/main area.</para>
    <literallayout>deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main</literallayout>
 
    <para>Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only
    the hamm/main area.</para>
    <literallayout>deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main</literallayout>

+   <literallayout>Types: deb
+URIs: http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive
+Suites: hamm
+Components: main</literallayout>

 
    <para>Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian
 
    <para>Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian

-   directory, and uses only the stable/contrib area.</para>
-   <literallayout>deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian stable contrib</literallayout>
+   directory, and uses only the &debian-stable-codename;/contrib area.</para>
+   <literallayout>deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &debian-stable-codename; contrib</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>Types: deb
+URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian
+Suites: &debian-stable-codename;
+Components: contrib</literallayout>

 
    <para>Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian
    directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as
 
    <para>Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian
    directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as

-   well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename>.
+   well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename>

    a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines.</para>
    <literallayout>deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib</literallayout>
    a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines.</para>
    <literallayout>deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib</literallayout>

+   <literallayout>Types: deb
+URIs: ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian
+Suites: unstable
+Components: contrib</literallayout>

 
 

-   <para>Uses HTTP to access the archive at nonus.debian.org, under the
-    debian-non-US directory.</para>
-   <literallayout>deb http://nonus.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free</literallayout>
-
-   <para>Uses HTTP to access the archive at nonus.debian.org, under the
-   debian-non-US directory, and uses only files found under
-   <filename>unstable/binary-i386</filename> on i386 machines, 
-   <filename>unstable/binary-m68k</filename> on m68k, and so
-   forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example only 
-   illustrates how to use the substitution variable; non-us is no longer 
-   structured like this] 
-   <literallayout>deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/</literallayout>
+   <para>Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the
+   universe directory, and uses only files found under
+   <filename>unstable/binary-i386</filename> on i386 machines,
+   <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on amd64, and so
+   forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example only
+   illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian
+   archives are not structured like this]
+   <literallayout>deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>Types: deb
+URIs: http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe
+Suites: unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/</literallayout>

    </para>
    </para>

+
+   <para>Uses HTTP to get binary packages as well as sources from the stable, testing and unstable
+      suites and the components main and contrib.</para>
+   <literallayout>deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib
+deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian stable main contrib
+deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib
+deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian testing main contrib
+deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib
+deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib</literallayout>
+   <literallayout>Types: deb deb-src
+URIs: http://httpredir.debian.org/debian
+Suites: stable testing unstable
+Components: main contrib
+</literallayout>
+

  </refsect1>
  </refsect1>

- 
+

  <refsect1><title>See Also</title>
  <refsect1><title>See Also</title>

-   <para>&apt-cache; &apt-conf;
-   </para>
+   <para>&apt-get;, &apt-conf;, &apt-acquire-additional-files;</para>

  </refsect1>
 
  &manbugs;
  </refsect1>
 
  &manbugs;

- 
-</refentry>

 
 

+</refentry>