&apt-email;
&apt-product;
<!-- The last update date -->
- <date>29 February 2004</date>
+ <date>08 November 2008</date>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo class="manual">APT</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<!-- Man page title -->
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>apt-get</command>
- <arg><option>-hvs</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-o=<replaceable>config string</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-c=<replaceable>file</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg><option>-sqdyfmubV</option></arg>
+ <arg>
+ <option>-o=
+ <replaceable>config_string</replaceable>
+ </option>
+ </arg>
+ <arg>
+ <option>-c=
+ <replaceable>config_file</replaceable>
+ </option>
+ </arg>
+ <arg>
+ <option>-t=</option>
+ <group choice='req'>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ <replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ <replaceable>target_release_number_expression</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ <replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ </group>
+ </arg>
+
<group choice="req">
- <arg>update</arg>
- <arg>upgrade</arg>
- <arg>dselect-upgrade</arg>
- <arg>install <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
- <arg>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
- <arg>source <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
- <arg>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
- <arg>check</arg>
- <arg>clean</arg>
- <arg>autoclean</arg>
- <arg>autoremove</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>update</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>upgrade</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>dselect-upgrade</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>dist-upgrade</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>install
+ <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
+ <arg>
+ <group choice='req'>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ /<replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ /<replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ </group>
+ </arg>
+ </arg>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>purge <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>source
+ <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
+ <arg>
+ <group choice='req'>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ /<replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ /<replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
+ </arg>
+ </group>
+ </arg>
+ </arg>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>check</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>clean</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>autoclean</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>autoremove</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ <group choice='req'>
+ <arg choice='plain'>-v</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
+ </group>
+ </arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>
+ <group choice='req'>
+ <arg choice='plain'>-h</arg>
+ <arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
+ </group>
+ </arg>
</group>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1><title>Description</title>
<para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be
considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT
- library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as dselect(8),
- aptitude, synaptic, gnome-apt and wajig.</para>
+ library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;,
+ &aptitude;, &synaptic;, &gnome-apt; and &wajig;.</para>
<para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the
commands below must be present.</para>
with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict
resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important
packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary.
+ So, <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages.
The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations
from which to retrieve desired package files.
See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>install</term>
- <listitem><para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for
- installation. Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified
- filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, libc6 would be the
- argument provided, not <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>) All packages required
- by the package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and
- installed. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate
- the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with
- no intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is
- installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to
- install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by
- apt-get's conflict resolution system.</para>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more
+ packages desired for installation or upgrading.
+ Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified
+ filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system,
+ libc6 would be the argument provided, not
+ <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages required
+ by the package(s) specified for installation will also
+ be retrieved and installed.
+ The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is
+ used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is
+ appended to the package name (with no intervening space),
+ the identified package will be removed if it is installed.
+ Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a
+ package to install. These latter features may be used
+ to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict
+ resolution system.
+ </para>
<para>A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by
following the package name with an equals and the version of the package
<para>Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must
be used with care.</para>
+ <para>This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or
+ more already-installed packages without upgrading every package
+ you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which
+ installs the newest version of all currently installed packages,
+ "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s)
+ specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish
+ to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its
+ dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and
+ installed.
+ </para>
+
<para>Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to
create an alternative installation policy for
individual packages.</para>
<varlistentry><term>remove</term>
<listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are
- removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is appended to the package
+ removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its
+ configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package
name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be
installed instead of removed.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term>purge</term>
+ <listitem><para><literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except that packages are
+ removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry><term>source</term>
<listitem><para><literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source packages. APT
will examine the available packages to decide which source package to
fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the
- newest available version of that source package. Source packages are
- tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines
- in the &sources-list; file. This probably will mean that you will not
- get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could
- install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be
- compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is
- specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para>
+ newest available version of that source package while respect the
+ default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>,
+ the <option>-t</option> option or per package with with the
+ <literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible.</para>
+
+ <para>Source packages are tracked separately
+ from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines
+ in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will need to add such a line
+ for each repository you want to get sources from. If you don't do this
+ you will properly get another (newer, older or none) source version than
+ the one you have installed or could install.</para>
+
+ <para>If the <option>--compile</option> options is specified
+ then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using
+ <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command>, if <option>--download-only</option>
+ is specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para>
<para>A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name
with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism
&apt-cmdblurb;
<variablelist>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing.
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry><term><option>-d</option></term><term><option>--download-only</option></term>
<listitem><para>Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
actually change the system.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
+ <para>Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>)
+ automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation,
+ if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (Default: true).
+ Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what
+ he is doing without further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>).</para>
+
<para>Simulate prints out
a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),
Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--install-recommends</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Also install recommended packages.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Do not install recommended packages.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term>
<listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold
placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with
<varlistentry><term><option>--purge</option></term>
<listitem><para>Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed.
An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are
- scheduled to be purged.
+ scheduled to be purged. <option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent for
+ <option>purge</option> command.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><option>--target-release</option></term>
<term><option>--default-release</option></term>
<listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates
- a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. The
- preferences file may further override this setting. In short, this option
+ a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string.
+ This overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>.
+ Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value
+ of this option. In short, this option
lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be
retrieved from. Some common examples might be
- <option>-t '2.1*'</option> or <option>-t unstable</option>.
+ <option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option>
+ or <option>-t sid</option>.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>;
see also the &apt-preferences; manual page.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term><option>--diff-only</option></term><term><option>--tar-only</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Download only the diff or tar file of a source archive.
- Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal> and
+ <varlistentry><term><option>--diff-only</option></term><term><option>--dsc-only</option></term><term><option>--tar-only</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive.
+ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</literal>, and
<literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--allow-unauthenticated</option></term>
<listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it.
- This is usefull for tools like pbuilder.
+ This is useful for tools like pbuilder.
Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<refsect1><title>Files</title>
<variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>
- <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>
- <listitem><para>APT configuration file.
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>
- <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>
- <listitem><para>Version preferences file.
- This is where you would specify "pinning",
- i.e. a preference to get certain packages
- from a separate source
- or from a different version of a distribution.
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>
- <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>
- <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (implicit partial). </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>
- <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
- &sources-list;
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>
- <listitem><para> Storage area for state information in transit.
- Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (implicit partial).</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ &file-sourceslist;
+ &file-aptconf;
+ &file-preferences;
+ &file-cachearchives;
+ &file-statelists;
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>See Also</title>
<para>&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;,
- &apt-conf;, &apt-config;,
+ &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, &apt-secure;,
The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>Diagnostics</title>
<para><command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.</para>
</refsect1>
-
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>ORIGINAL AUTHORS</title>
+ <para>&apt-author.jgunthorpe;</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>CURRENT AUTHORS</title>
+ <para>
+ &apt-author.team;
+ </para>
+ &apt-qapage;
+ </refsect1>
&manbugs;
-
</refentry>
projects / apt.git / blobdiff