+
+#. type: <title></title>
+#: guide.sgml:4
+msgid "APT User's Guide"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <author></author>
+#: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
+msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <version></version>
+#: guide.sgml:7
+msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <abstract></abstract>
+#: guide.sgml:11
+msgid ""
+"This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package "
+"manager."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
+#: guide.sgml:15
+msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
+msgid ""
+"\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them "
+"and/or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
+"published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
+"or (at your option) any later version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
+msgid ""
+"For more details, on Debian systems, see the file "
+"/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL for the full license."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:32
+msgid "General"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:38
+msgid ""
+"The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT "
+"<prgn>dselect</prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user "
+"interface. Both provide a way to install and remove packages as well as "
+"download new packages from the Internet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:39
+msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:44
+msgid ""
+"The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
+"with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
+"the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:52
+msgid ""
+"The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
+"elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
+"used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
+"things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
+"in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:57
+msgid ""
+"The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
+"concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
+"package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
+"properly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:63
+msgid ""
+"For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
+"with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
+"simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
+"simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:73
+msgid ""
+"The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
+"means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
+"may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
+"mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
+"have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
+"network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
+"system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
+"other mail transport agents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:83
+msgid ""
+"As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
+"to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
+"identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
+"the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both "
+"mail-transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide "
+"a mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
+"depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
+"trying to manually fix packages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:88
+msgid ""
+"At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
+"already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
+"issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
+"packages for installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:96
+msgid "apt-get"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:102
+msgid ""
+"<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
+"command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
+"understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
+"install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:109
+msgid ""
+"The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
+"the http_proxy environment variable first, see "
+"sources.list(5)</p></footnote> thing that should be done before using "
+"<prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> "
+"so that it knows what packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get "
+"update</tt>. For instance,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:116
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# apt-get update\n"
+"Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
+"Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
+"Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
+"Building Dependency Tree... Done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p><taglist>
+#: guide.sgml:120
+msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <tag></tag>
+#: guide.sgml:121
+msgid "upgrade"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:131
+msgid ""
+"Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
+"install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
+"upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
+"used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
+"the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
+"on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
+"<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <tag></tag>
+#: guide.sgml:131
+msgid "install"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:140
+msgid ""
+"Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
+"fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
+"the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
+"number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be "
+"fetched. Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with "
+"the listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
+"anything other than its arguments are changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <tag></tag>
+#: guide.sgml:140
+msgid "dist-upgrade"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:149
+msgid ""
+"Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
+"releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
+"set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
+"to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use "
+"dist-upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
+"<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then "
+"<prgn>dselect</prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been "
+"left out."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:152
+msgid ""
+"It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
+"decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:163
+msgid ""
+"<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
+"its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
+"option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
+"system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
+"start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
+"the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
+"caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:168
+msgid "DSelect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:173
+msgid ""
+"The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
+"the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
+"to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:184
+msgid ""
+"To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
+"and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
+"<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
+"remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CDROMs. Each source can "
+"provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
+"combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CDROM then it "
+"is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
+"have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
+"your CDROM before downloading from the Internet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:198
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
+"\t \n"
+" Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
+" The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
+"\t \n"
+" For example:\n"
+" file:/mnt/debian,\n"
+" ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
+" http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
+" \n"
+" \n"
+" URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:205
+msgid ""
+"The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
+"archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
+"get."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:212
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
+" package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
+" tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
+" \n"
+" Distribution [stable]:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:222
+msgid ""
+"The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, "
+"<em>stable</em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> "
+"refers to the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on "
+"some mirrors and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or "
+"other things that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these "
+"packages into the US is legal however."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:228
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" Please give the components to get\n"
+" The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
+" \n"
+" Components [main contrib non-free]:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:236
+msgid ""
+"The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
+"distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
+"packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
+"restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:240
+msgid ""
+"Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
+"until you have specified all that you want."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:247
+msgid ""
+"Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
+"available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
+"<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
+"<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get "
+"update</tt> has been run before."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:253
+msgid ""
+"You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
+"the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
+"[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
+"them together."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:258
+msgid ""
+"By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
+"have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place "
+"<tt>Dselect::clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:264
+msgid "The Interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:278
+msgid ""
+"Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
+"same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
+"do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
+"actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
+"actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
+"alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
+"then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
+"estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:280
+msgid "Startup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:284
+msgid ""
+"Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
+"prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's "
+"state. At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get "
+"check</tt>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:289
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# apt-get check\n"
+"Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
+"Building Dependency Tree... Done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:297
+msgid ""
+"The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
+"a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is "
+"run. If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored "
+"and a warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:303
+msgid ""
+"The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
+"dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
+"package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
+"will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:320
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# apt-get check\n"
+"Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
+"Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
+"You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
+"Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
+" 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
+" uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
+" blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
+" adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
+" aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
+" debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
+" bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
+" cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
+" Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
+" libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:329
+msgid ""
+"In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
+"with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
+"printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
+"that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
+"problem is also included."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:337
+msgid ""
+"There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
+"is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
+"packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
+"known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken "
+"packages</p></footnote>. The second is if a package installation fails "
+"during an operation. In this situation a package may have been unpacked "
+"without its dependents being installed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:345
+msgid ""
+"The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
+"certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
+"supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
+"deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
+"<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
+"for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:351
+msgid ""
+"However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
+"system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
+"immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
+"necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
+"the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:356
+msgid "The Status Report"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:363
+msgid ""
+"Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
+"happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
+"but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
+"final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
+"other relevant activities to the command being executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:364
+msgid "The Extra Package list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:372
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
+" libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
+" mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
+" bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
+" squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
+" ssh"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:379
+msgid ""
+"The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
+"upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
+"generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
+"result of an Auto Install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:382
+msgid "The Packages to Remove"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:389
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
+" xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
+" xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
+" xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
+" nas xpilot xfig"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:399
+msgid ""
+"The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
+"from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
+"given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken "
+"off. The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to "
+"remove so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain "
+"packages that are going to be removed because they are only partially "
+"installed, possibly due to an aborted installation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:402
+msgid "The New Packages list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:406
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
+" zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:411
+msgid ""
+"The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
+"listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
+"done."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:414
+msgid "The Kept Back list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:419
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"The following packages have been kept back\n"
+" compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
+" gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:428
+msgid ""
+"Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
+"new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
+"or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
+"appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
+"to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
+"to resolve their problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:431
+msgid "Held Packages warning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:435
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"The following held packages will be changed:\n"
+" cvs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:441
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
+"case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be "
+"changed. This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:444
+msgid "Final summary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:447
+msgid "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:452
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not "
+"upgraded.\n"
+"12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
+"Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:470
+msgid ""
+"The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
+"lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
+"installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
+"number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
+"installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
+"installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
+"archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
+"fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
+"the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
+"the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
+"roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is "
+"done. If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may "
+"indicate the amount of space that will be freed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:473
+msgid ""
+"Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
+"to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:477
+msgid "The Status Display"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:481
+msgid ""
+"During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
+"status messages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: guide.sgml:490
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# apt-get update\n"
+"Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
+"Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
+"Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
+"Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ "
+"Packages\n"
+"Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
+"11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:500
+msgid ""
+"The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
+"fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
+"first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
+"all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
+"<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
+"inaccuracies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:509
+msgid ""
+"The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
+"thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
+"information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
+"<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
+"first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history "
+"lines. The next word is the short form name of the object being "
+"downloaded. For archives it will contain the name of the package that is "
+"being fetched."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:524
+msgid ""
+"Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
+"of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
+"<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
+"<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
+"the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
+"<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
+"kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
+"to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
+"itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
+"values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
+"that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
+"regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
+"rate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:530
+msgid ""
+"The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
+"on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
+"is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
+"for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
+"display."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: guide.sgml:535
+msgid "Dpkg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: guide.sgml:542
+msgid ""
+"APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
+"to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is "
+"completed. <prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it "
+"processes the packages and the packages themselves may also ask several "
+"questions. Before each question there is usually a description of what it is "
+"asking and the questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <title></title>
+#: offline.sgml:4
+msgid "Using APT Offline"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <version></version>
+#: offline.sgml:7
+msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <abstract></abstract>
+#: offline.sgml:12
+msgid ""
+"This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
+"specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
+#: offline.sgml:16
+msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: offline.sgml:32
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
+msgid "Overview"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:40
+msgid ""
+"Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
+"media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
+"machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
+"fast connection but they are physically distant."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:51
+msgid ""
+"The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
+"SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
+"archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
+"to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
+"them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
+"possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
+"different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
+"the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
+"bad or no connection."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:57
+msgid ""
+"This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
+"essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
+"that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
+"names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: offline.sgml:63
+msgid "Using APT on both machines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p><example>
+#: offline.sgml:71
+msgid ""
+"APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
+"basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
+"remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
+"to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: offline.sgml:80
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" /disc/\n"
+" archives/\n"
+" partial/\n"
+" lists/\n"
+" partial/\n"
+" status\n"
+" sources.list\n"
+" apt.conf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: offline.sgml:88
+msgid "The configuration file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:96
+msgid ""
+"The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
+"use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
+"contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
+"the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
+"<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
+"use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p><example>
+#: offline.sgml:100
+msgid ""
+"<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
+"disc:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: offline.sgml:124
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" APT\n"
+" {\n"
+" /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it "
+"tells\n"
+" the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
+" Architecture \"i386\";\n"
+" \n"
+" Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
+" };\n"
+" \n"
+" Dir\n"
+" {\n"
+" /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
+" the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
+" State \"/disc/\";\n"
+" State::status \"status\";\n"
+"\n"
+" // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
+" Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
+" Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
+" \n"
+" // Location of the source list.\n"
+" Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
+" };"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: </example></p>
+#: offline.sgml:129
+msgid ""
+"More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
+"configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p><example>
+#: offline.sgml:136
+msgid ""
+"On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy "
+"<em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the "
+"directories outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and "
+"<em>lists/partial/</em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and "
+"configure the sources.list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: offline.sgml:142
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
+" # apt-get update\n"
+" [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
+" # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
+" [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: </example></p>
+#: offline.sgml:149
+msgid ""
+"The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
+"commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
+"such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
+"your selections back to the local computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p><example>
+#: offline.sgml:153
+msgid ""
+"Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
+"the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: offline.sgml:159
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
+" # apt-get check\n"
+" [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
+" # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
+" [ Or any other APT command ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:165
+msgid ""
+"It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
+"local one. This is very important!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:172
+msgid ""
+"If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying "
+"disc/status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the "
+"remote machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make "
+"selections on the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO "
+"NOT copy the status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: offline.sgml:178
+msgid "Using APT and wget"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:185
+msgid ""
+"<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
+"any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
+"already has a list of available packages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:190
+msgid ""
+"The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
+"downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
+"option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
+"packages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <heading></heading>
+#: offline.sgml:196
+msgid "Operation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p><example>
+#: offline.sgml:200
+msgid ""
+"Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are "
+"required. We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: offline.sgml:205
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
+" [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
+" # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
+" # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: </example></p>
+#: offline.sgml:210
+msgid ""
+"Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including "
+"dselect-upgrade."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p></p>
+#: offline.sgml:216
+msgid ""
+"The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
+"execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
+"with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
+"output on the disc."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <p><example>
+#: offline.sgml:219
+msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: offline.sgml:223
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # cd /disc\n"
+" # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
+" [ wait.. ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: </example><example>
+#: offline.sgml:228
+msgid ""
+"Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
+"installation can proceed using,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: <example></example>
+#: offline.sgml:230
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: </example></p>
+#: offline.sgml:234
+msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
+msgstr ""
projects / apt.git / blobdiff