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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
2<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
4
5<!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent">
6%aptent;
7
8]>
9
10<refentry>
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11
12 <refentryinfo>
13 &apt-author.jgunthorpe;
14 &apt-author.team;
15 &apt-email;
16 &apt-product;
17 <!-- The last update date -->
2f0b4b14 18 <date>08 November 2008</date>
5e80de29 19 </refentryinfo>
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20
21 <refmeta>
22 <refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle>
23 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
24 </refmeta>
25
26 <!-- Man page title -->
27 <refnamediv>
28 <refname>apt-get</refname>
29 <refpurpose>APT package handling utility -- command-line interface</refpurpose>
30 </refnamediv>
31
32 <!-- Arguments -->
33 <refsynopsisdiv>
34 <cmdsynopsis>
35 <command>apt-get</command>
2f0b4b14 36 <arg><option>-sqdyfmubV</option></arg>
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37 <arg>
38 <option>-o=
4a09fd30 39 <replaceable>config_string</replaceable>
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40 </option>
41 </arg>
42 <arg>
43 <option>-c=
44 <replaceable>config_file</replaceable>
45 </option>
46 </arg>
47 <arg>
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48 <option>-t=</option>
49 <group choice='req'>
50 <arg choice='plain'>
fc91816f 51 <replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
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52 </arg>
53 <arg choice='plain'>
fc91816f 54 <replaceable>target_release_number_expression</replaceable>
4a09fd30 55 </arg>
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56 <arg choice='plain'>
57 <replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
58 </arg>
4a09fd30 59 </group>
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60 </arg>
61
24f6490f 62 <group choice="req">
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63 <arg choice='plain'>update</arg>
64 <arg choice='plain'>upgrade</arg>
65 <arg choice='plain'>dselect-upgrade</arg>
2a7f6e97 66 <arg choice='plain'>dist-upgrade</arg>
c74e6100 67 <arg choice='plain'>install
ef48e3ae 68 <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
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69 <arg>
70 <group choice='req'>
71 <arg choice='plain'>
72 =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
73 </arg>
74 <arg choice='plain'>
75 /<replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
76 </arg>
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77 <arg choice='plain'>
78 /<replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
79 </arg>
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80 </group>
81 </arg>
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82 </arg>
83 </arg>
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84 <arg choice='plain'>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
85 <arg choice='plain'>purge <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
86 <arg choice='plain'>source
ef48e3ae 87 <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
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88 <arg>
89 =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
90 </arg>
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91 </arg>
92 </arg>
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93 <arg choice='plain'>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
94 <arg choice='plain'>check</arg>
95 <arg choice='plain'>clean</arg>
96 <arg choice='plain'>autoclean</arg>
97 <arg choice='plain'>autoremove</arg>
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98 <arg choice='plain'>
99 <group choice='req'>
100 <arg choice='plain'>-v</arg>
101 <arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
102 </group>
103 </arg>
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104 <arg choice='plain'>
105 <group choice='req'>
106 <arg choice='plain'>-h</arg>
107 <arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
108 </group>
109 </arg>
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110 </group>
111 </cmdsynopsis>
112 </refsynopsisdiv>
113
114 <refsect1><title>Description</title>
115 <para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be
116 considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT
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117 library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;,
118 &aptitude;, &synaptic;, &gnome-apt; and &wajig;.</para>
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119
120 <para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the
121 commands below must be present.</para>
122
123 <variablelist>
124 <varlistentry><term>update</term>
125 <listitem><para><literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files from
126 their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the
127 location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>.
128 For example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and
129 scans the <filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new
130 and updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be
131 performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</literal>. Please
132 be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect as the size
133 of the package files cannot be known in advance.</para></listitem>
134 </varlistentry>
135
136 <varlistentry><term>upgrade</term>
137 <listitem><para><literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all packages
138 currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
139 <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed with
140 new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no circumstances
141 are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already installed
142 retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages that
143 cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package
144 will be left at their current version. An <literal>update</literal> must be
145 performed first so that <command>apt-get</command> knows that new versions of packages are
146 available.</para></listitem>
147 </varlistentry>
148
149 <varlistentry><term>dselect-upgrade</term>
150 <listitem><para><literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
151 is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging
152 front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
153 follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</literal>
154 field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to realize
155 that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of new
156 packages).</para></listitem>
157 </varlistentry>
158
159 <varlistentry><term>dist-upgrade</term>
160 <listitem><para><literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of
161 <literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies
162 with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict
163 resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important
164 packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary.
087a772e 165 So, <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages.
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166 The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations
167 from which to retrieve desired package files.
168 See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for
169 overriding the general settings for individual packages.</para></listitem>
170 </varlistentry>
171
172 <varlistentry><term>install</term>
2b0de496 173 <listitem>
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174 <para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more
175 packages desired for installation or upgrading.
176 Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified
177 filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system,
178 libc6 would be the argument provided, not
179 <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages required
180 by the package(s) specified for installation will also
181 be retrieved and installed.
182 The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is
183 used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is
184 appended to the package name (with no intervening space),
185 the identified package will be removed if it is installed.
186 Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a
187 package to install. These latter features may be used
188 to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict
189 resolution system.
190 </para>
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191
192 <para>A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by
193 following the package name with an equals and the version of the package
194 to select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for
195 install. Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by
196 following the package name with a slash and the version of the
197 distribution or the Archive name (stable, testing, unstable).</para>
198
199 <para>Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must
200 be used with care.</para>
201
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202 <para>This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or
203 more already-installed packages without upgrading every package
204 you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which
205 installs the newest version of all currently installed packages,
206 "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s)
207 specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish
208 to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its
209 dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and
210 installed.
211 </para>
212
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213 <para>Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to
214 create an alternative installation policy for
215 individual packages.</para>
216
217 <para>If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one
218 of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression,
219 and it is applied
220 to all package names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or
221 removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' matches 'how-lo'
222 and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular expression
223 with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular expression.</para></listitem>
224 </varlistentry>
225
226 <varlistentry><term>remove</term>
227 <listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are
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228 removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its
229 configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package
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230 name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be
231 installed instead of removed.</para></listitem>
232 </varlistentry>
233
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234 <varlistentry><term>purge</term>
235 <listitem><para><literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except that packages are
861aa1bd 236 removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).</para></listitem>
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237 </varlistentry>
238
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239 <varlistentry><term>source</term>
240 <listitem><para><literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source packages. APT
241 will examine the available packages to decide which source package to
242 fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the
243 newest available version of that source package. Source packages are
244 tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines
245 in the &sources-list; file. This probably will mean that you will not
246 get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could
247 install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be
248 compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is
249 specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para>
250
251 <para>A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name
252 with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism
253 used for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source
254 package name and version, implicitly enabling the
255 <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal> option.</para>
256
257 <para>Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they
258 exist only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source
259 tar balls.</para></listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry><term>build-dep</term>
263 <listitem><para><literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an
264 attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package.</para></listitem>
265 </varlistentry>
266
267 <varlistentry><term>check</term>
268 <listitem><para><literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and checks
269 for broken dependencies.</para></listitem>
270 </varlistentry>
271
272 <varlistentry><term>clean</term>
273 <listitem><para><literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved package
274 files. It removes everything but the lock file from
275 <filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and
276 <filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a
277 &dselect; method, <literal>clean</literal> is run automatically.
278 Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal>
279 from time to time to free up disk space.</para></listitem>
280 </varlistentry>
281
282 <varlistentry><term>autoclean</term>
283 <listitem><para>Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the local
284 repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only
285 removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely
286 useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without
287 it growing out of control. The configuration option
288 <literal>APT::Clean-Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being
289 erased if it is set to off.</para></listitem>
290 </varlistentry>
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291
292 <varlistentry><term>autoremove</term>
293 <listitem><para><literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were automatically
294 installed to satisfy dependencies for some package and that are no more needed.</para></listitem>
295 </varlistentry>
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296 </variablelist>
297 </refsect1>
298
299 <refsect1><title>options</title>
300 &apt-cmdblurb;
301
302 <variablelist>
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303 <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term>
304 <listitem><para>Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing.
305 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>.</para></listitem>
306 </varlistentry>
307
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308 <varlistentry><term><option>-d</option></term><term><option>--download-only</option></term>
309 <listitem><para>Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
310 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
311 </varlistentry>
312
313 <varlistentry><term><option>-f</option></term><term><option>--fix-broken</option></term>
314 <listitem><para>Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in
315 place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages
316 to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. Any Package that are specified
317 must completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when
318 running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package
319 dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's
320 dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention
321 (which usually means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of
322 the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> may produce an
323 error in some situations.
324 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>.</para></listitem>
325 </varlistentry>
326
327 <varlistentry><term><option>-m</option></term><term><option>--ignore-missing</option></term>
328 <term><option>--fix-missing</option></term>
329 <listitem><para>Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the
330 integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back
331 those packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with
332 <option>-f</option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is
333 selected for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the
334 command line) and it could not be downloaded then it will be silently
335 held back.
336 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>.</para></listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry><term><option>--no-download</option></term>
340 <listitem><para>Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with
341 <option>--ignore-missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has
342 already downloaded.
343 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>.</para></listitem>
344 </varlistentry>
345
346 <varlistentry><term><option>-q</option></term><term><option>--quiet</option></term>
347 <listitem><para>Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators.
348 More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use
349 <option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration file.
350 Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never use -qq
351 without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may
352 decided to do something you did not expect.
353 Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>.</para></listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry><term><option>-s</option></term>
357 <term><option>--simulate</option></term>
358 <term><option>--just-print</option></term>
359 <term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
360 <term><option>--recon</option></term>
361 <term><option>--no-act</option></term>
362 <listitem><para>No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not
363 actually change the system.
364 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
365
366 <para>Simulate prints out
367 a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),
368 Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with
369 and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
370 (rare).</para></listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry><term><option>-y</option></term><term><option>--yes</option></term>
374 <term><option>--assume-yes</option></term>
375 <listitem><para>Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run
376 non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held
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377 package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an essential package
378 occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort.
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379 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>.</para></listitem>
380 </varlistentry>
381
382 <varlistentry><term><option>-u</option></term><term><option>--show-upgraded</option></term>
383 <listitem><para>Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be
384 upgraded.
385 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>.</para></listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry><term><option>-V</option></term><term><option>--verbose-versions</option></term>
389 <listitem><para>Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages.
390 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>.</para></listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry><term><option>-b</option></term><term><option>--compile</option></term>
394 <term><option>--build</option></term>
395 <listitem><para>Compile source packages after downloading them.
396 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>.</para></listitem>
397 </varlistentry>
398
399 <varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term>
400 <listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold
401 placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with
402 <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired holds.
403 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>.</para></listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry><term><option>--no-upgrade</option></term>
407 <listitem><para>Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</literal>,
408 <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command line
409 from being upgraded if they are already installed.
410 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>.</para></listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry><term><option>--force-yes</option></term>
414 <listitem><para>Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
415 without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It
416 should not be used except in very special situations. Using
417 <literal>force-yes</literal> can potentially destroy your system!
418 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>.</para></listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry><term><option>--print-uris</option></term>
422 <listitem><para>Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each
423 URI will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected
424 md5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match
425 the file name on the remote site! This also works with the
426 <literal>source</literal> and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the
427 <literal>update</literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is
428 up to the user to decompress any compressed files.
429 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Print-URIs</literal>.</para></listitem>
430 </varlistentry>
431
432 <varlistentry><term><option>--purge</option></term>
433 <listitem><para>Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed.
434 An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are
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435 scheduled to be purged. <option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent for
436 <option>purge</option> command.
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437 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>.</para></listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry><term><option>--reinstall</option></term>
441 <listitem><para>Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.
442 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>.</para></listitem>
443 </varlistentry>
444
445 <varlistentry><term><option>--list-cleanup</option></term>
446 <listitem><para>This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn it
447 off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the contents of
448 <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete files are erased.
449 The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your source
450 list.
451 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-Cleanup</literal>.</para></listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry><term><option>-t</option></term>
455 <term><option>--target-release</option></term>
456 <term><option>--default-release</option></term>
457 <listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates
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458 a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string.
459 This overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>.
460 Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value
461 of this option. In short, this option
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462 lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be
463 retrieved from. Some common examples might be
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464 <option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option>
465 or <option>-t sid</option>.
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466 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>;
467 see also the &apt-preferences; manual page.</para></listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry><term><option>--trivial-only</option></term>
471 <listitem><para>
472 Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered
473 related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</option> will answer
474 yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will answer no.
475 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry><term><option>--no-remove</option></term>
479 <listitem><para>If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without
480 prompting.
481 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>.</para></listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
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484 <varlistentry><term><option>--auto-remove</option></term>
485 <listitem><para>If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</literal>,
486 then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> command, removing the unused
487 dependency packages. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>.
488 </para></listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
24f6490f 491 <varlistentry><term><option>--only-source</option></term>
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492 <listitem><para>Only has meaning for the
493 <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</literal>
494 commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be
495 mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option
496 is specified, these commands will only accept source package
497 names as arguments, rather than accepting binary package names
498 and looking up the corresponding source package. Configuration
499 Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal>.</para></listitem>
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500 </varlistentry>
501
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502 <varlistentry><term><option>--diff-only</option></term><term><option>--dsc-only</option></term><term><option>--tar-only</option></term>
503 <listitem><para>Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive.
504 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</literal>, and
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505 <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry><term><option>--arch-only</option></term>
509 <listitem><para>Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies.
510 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
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512
513 <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-unauthenticated</option></term>
514 <listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it.
e3a1f08d 515 This is useful for tools like pbuilder.
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516 Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
24f6490f 518
b3d44315 519
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520 &apt-commonoptions;
521
522 </variablelist>
523 </refsect1>
524
525 <refsect1><title>Files</title>
526 <variablelist>
527 <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>
528 <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.
529 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>
533 <listitem><para>APT configuration file.
534 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>
763f9549 538 <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.
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539 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>
543 <listitem><para>Version preferences file.
544 This is where you would specify "pinning",
545 i.e. a preference to get certain packages
546 from a separate source
547 or from a different version of a distribution.
548 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>
552 <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.
553 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>
554 </varlistentry>
555
556 <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>
557 <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.
558 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (implicit partial). </para></listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>
562 <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
563 &sources-list;
564 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>
568 <listitem><para> Storage area for state information in transit.
569 Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (implicit partial).</para></listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571 </variablelist>
572 </refsect1>
573
574 <refsect1><title>See Also</title>
575 <para>&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;,
65d71b38 576 &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, &apt-secure;,
4d9fb6b0 577 The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto.</para>
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578 </refsect1>
579
580 <refsect1><title>Diagnostics</title>
581 <para><command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.</para>
582 </refsect1>
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583 <refsect1>
584 <title>ORIGINAL AUTHORS</title>
4a09fd30 585 <para>&apt-author.jgunthorpe;</para>
77c9def7 586 </refsect1>
4a09fd30 587 <refsect1>
77c9def7 588 <title>CURRENT AUTHORS</title>
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589 <para>
590 &apt-author.team;
4a09fd30 591 </para>
651001f7 592 &apt-qapage;
4a09fd30 593 </refsect1>
24f6490f 594 &manbugs;
24f6490f 595</refentry>