/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name: string.h
-// Purpose: interface of wxStringBuffer
+// Purpose: interface of wxStringBuffer, wxString
// Author: wxWidgets team
// RCS-ID: $Id$
// Licence: wxWindows license
/**
@class wxStringBuffer
- This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString
- internal buffer as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore
- the string to the usable state later.
+ This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString internal buffer
+ as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore the string
+ to the usable state later.
For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
- @c GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *) returning the value in the provided
+ @c "GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *)" returning the value in the provided
buffer (which must be writable, of course) you might call it like this:
@code
- wxString theAnswer;
+ wxString theAnswer;
GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(wxStringBuffer(theAnswer, 1024));
if ( theAnswer != "42" )
- {
wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
- }
@endcode
Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
public:
/**
Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
- and containing enough space for at least @a len characters. Basically, this
- is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf and
+ and containing enough space for at least @a len characters.
+ Basically, this is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf() and
saving the result.
*/
wxStringBuffer(const wxString& str, size_t len);
/**
Restores the string passed to the constructor to the usable state by calling
- wxString::UngetWriteBuf on it.
+ wxString::UngetWriteBuf() on it.
*/
~wxStringBuffer();
over a UTF-16 string under Windows, the user code has to take care
of surrogate pair handling whereas Windows itself has built-in
support pairs in UTF-16, such as for drawing strings on screen.
-
+
Much work has been done to make existing code using ANSI string literals
work as before. If you nonetheless need to have a wxString that uses wchar_t
on Unix and Linux, too, you can specify this on the command line with the
was also possible and encouraged by wxString using the access operator[]()
wxString implements caching of the last used index so that iterating over
a string is a linear operation even in UTF-8 mode.
-
+
It is nonetheless recommended to use iterators (instead of index based
access) like this:
}
@endcode
- Please see the
- @ref overview_string "wxString overview" and the
- @ref overview_unicode "Unicode overview" for more information
- about it.
+ Please see the @ref overview_string and the @ref overview_unicode for more
+ information about it.
wxString uses the current locale encoding to convert any C string
literal to Unicode. The same is done for converting to and from
- @c std::string and for the return value of c_str(). For this
- conversion, the @a wxConvLibc class instance is used. See wxCSConv and wxMBConv.
+ @c std::string and for the return value of c_str().
+ For this conversion, the @a wxConvLibc class instance is used.
+ See wxCSConv and wxMBConv.
wxString implements most of the methods of the @c std::string class.
These standard functions are only listed here, but they are not
all return the string length. In all cases of such duplication the
@c std::string compatible method should be used.
+
+ @section string_construct Constructors and assignment operators
+
+ A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
+ a single character or a wide (Unicode) string. For all constructors (except the
+ default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
+ operator.
+
+ @li wxString()
+ @li operator=()
+ @li ~wxString()
+ @li assign()
+
+
+ @section string_len String length
+
+ These functions return the string length and check whether the string
+ is empty or they empty it.
+
+ @li length()
+ @li size()
+ @li Len()
+ @li IsEmpty()
+ @li operator!()
+ @li Empty()
+ @li Clear()
+
+
+ @section string_access Character access
+
+ Many functions below take a character index in the string. As with C
+ strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character of a
+ string is string[0]. An attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
+ string (which may even be 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
+ failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug builds", but no checks are
+ done in release builds.
+
+ This section also contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
+ strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, you are advised
+ to use wc_str() for the sake of clarity.
+
+ @li GetChar()
+ @li GetWritableChar()
+ @li SetChar()
+ @li Last()
+ @li operator[]()
+ @li wc_str()
+ @li utf8_str()
+ @li c_str()
+ @li wx_str()
+ @li mb_str()
+ @li fn_str()
+
+
+ @section string_concat Concatenation
+
Anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string. However, you can't
append something to a C string (including literal constants), so to do this it
should be converted to a wxString first.
- @li insert()
- @li append()
- @li operator<<()
- @li operator+=()
- @li operator+()
- @li Append()
- @li Prepend()
-
- A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
- a single character or a wide (Unicode) string. For all constructors (except the
- default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
- operator.
-
- @li wxString()
- @li operator=()
- @li ~wxString()
- @li assign()
-
- The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
- return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
- lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
-
- @li MakeUpper()
- @li Upper()
- @li MakeLower()
- @li Lower()
- @li MakeCapitalized()
- @li Capitalize()
-
- Many functions below take a character index in the string. As with C
- strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character of a
- string is string[0]. An attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
- string (which may even be 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
- failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug build", but no checks are
- done in release builds.
- This section also contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
- strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, you are advised
- to use wc_str() for the sake of clarity.
-
- @li GetChar()
- @li GetWritableChar()
- @li SetChar()
- @li Last()
- @li operator[]()
- @li wc_str()
- @li utf8_str()
- @li c_str()
- @li wx_str()
- @li mb_str()
- @li fn_str()
-
- The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and so is the default
- version of IsSameAs(). For case insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase()
- or give a second parameter to IsSameAs(). This last function is maybe more
- convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
- @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false
- in C) as Cmp() does.
- Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher: it only understands
- '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line interpreter.
- StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
- with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
- comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix.
-
- @li compare()
- @li Cmp()
- @li CmpNoCase()
- @li IsSameAs()
- @li Matches()
- @li StartsWith()
- @li EndsWith()
-
- The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
- floating point numbers. All functions take a pointer to the variable to
- put the numeric value in and return @true if the @b entire string could be
- converted to a number.
-
- @li ToLong()
- @li ToLongLong()
- @li ToULong()
- @li ToULongLong()
- @li ToDouble()
-
- The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
- Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
- wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful
- when working with some external API which requires the caller to provide
- a writable buffer.
-
- @li reserve()
- @li resize()
- @li Alloc()
- @li Shrink()
- @li wxStringBuffer
- @li wxStringBufferLength
-
- Miscellaneous other string functions.
-
- @li Trim()
- @li Truncate()
- @li Pad()
-
- These functions return the string length and check whether the string
- is empty or they empty it.
-
- @li length()
- @li size()
- @li Len()
- @li IsEmpty()
- @li operator!()
- @li Empty()
- @li Clear()
-
- These functions allow you to extract a substring from the string. The
- original string is not modified and the function returns the extracted
- substring.
-
- @li substr()
- @li Mid()
- @li operator()()
- @li Left()
- @li Right()
- @li BeforeFirst()
- @li BeforeLast()
- @li AfterFirst()
- @li AfterLast()
- @li StartsWith()
- @li EndsWith()
-
- These functions replace the standard @e strchr() and @e strstr()
- functions.
-
- @li find()
- @li rfind()
- @li replace()
- @li Find()
- @li Replace()
-
- Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
- exist (for basic types only). Additionally, the Format() function allows
- you to simply append a formatted value to a string:
-
- @li Format()
- @li FormatV()
- @li Printf()
- @li PrintfV()
- @li operator>>()
-
- The following functions are deprecated. Please consider using new wxWidgets 2.0
- functions instead (or, even better, @c std::string compatible variants).
-
- Contains(), First(), Freq(), IsAscii(), IsNull(),
- IsNumber(), IsWord(), Last(), Length(), LowerCase(), Remove(), Strip(),
- SubString(), UpperCase()
+ @li insert()
+ @li append()
+ @li operator<<()
+ @li operator+=()
+ @li operator+()
+ @li Append()
+ @li Prepend()
+
+
+ @section string_comp Comparison
+
+ The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and so is the default
+ version of IsSameAs(). For case insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase()
+ or give a second parameter to IsSameAs(). This last function is maybe more
+ convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
+ @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false
+ in C) as Cmp() does.
+
+ Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher: it only understands
+ '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line interpreter.
+
+ StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
+ with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
+ comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix.
+
+ @li compare()
+ @li Cmp()
+ @li CmpNoCase()
+ @li IsSameAs()
+ @li Matches()
+ @li StartsWith()
+ @li EndsWith()
+
+
+ @section string_substring Substring extraction
+
+ These functions allow you to extract a substring from the string. The
+ original string is not modified and the function returns the extracted
+ substring.
+
+ @li substr()
+ @li Mid()
+ @li operator()()
+ @li Left()
+ @li Right()
+ @li BeforeFirst()
+ @li BeforeLast()
+ @li AfterFirst()
+ @li AfterLast()
+ @li StartsWith()
+ @li EndsWith()
+
+
+ @section string_case Case conversion
+
+ The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
+ return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
+ lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
+
+ @li MakeUpper()
+ @li Upper()
+ @li MakeLower()
+ @li Lower()
+ @li MakeCapitalized()
+ @li Capitalize()
+
+
+ @section string_search Searching and replacing
+
+ These functions replace the standard @e strchr() and @e strstr()
+ functions.
+
+ @li find()
+ @li rfind()
+ @li replace()
+ @li Find()
+ @li Replace()
+
+
+ @section string_conv Conversion to numbers
+
+ The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
+ floating point numbers. All functions take a pointer to the variable to
+ put the numeric value in and return @true if the @b entire string could be
+ converted to a number.
+
+ @li ToLong()
+ @li ToLongLong()
+ @li ToULong()
+ @li ToULongLong()
+ @li ToDouble()
+
+
+ @section string_fmt Writing values into the string
+
+ Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
+ exist (for basic types only). Additionally, the Format() function allows
+ you to simply append a formatted value to a string:
+
+ @li Format()
+ @li FormatV()
+ @li Printf()
+ @li PrintfV()
+ @li operator>>()
+
+
+ @section string_mem Memory management
+
+ The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
+ Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
+ wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful
+ when working with some external API which requires the caller to provide
+ a writable buffer.
+
+ @li reserve()
+ @li resize()
+ @li Alloc()
+ @li Shrink()
+ @li wxStringBuffer
+ @li wxStringBufferLength
+
+
+ @section string_misc Miscellaneous
+
+ Miscellaneous other string functions.
+
+ @li Trim()
+ @li Truncate()
+ @li Pad()
+
+
+ @section string_compat wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility functions
+
+ The following functions are deprecated.
+ Please consider using @c std::string compatible variants.
+
+ Contains(), First(), Freq(), IsAscii(), IsNull(), IsNumber(), IsWord(),
+ Last(), Length(), LowerCase(), Remove(), Strip(), SubString(), UpperCase()
+
@library{wxbase}
@category{data}
@stdobjects
- ::Objects, ::wxEmptyString,
+ ::wxEmptyString
- @see @ref overview_string "wxString overview", @ref overview_unicode
- "Unicode overview", wxUString
+ @see @ref overview_string, @ref overview_unicode, wxUString
*/
class wxString
{
wxString();
/**
- Creates a string from another string. Just increases the ref
- count by 1.
+ Creates a string from another string.
+ Just increases the ref count by 1.
*/
wxString(const wxString& stringSrc);
wxString(const wchar_t *pwz, size_t nLength);
/**
- Constructs a string from @e buf using the using
- the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode.
+ Constructs a string from @e buf using the using the current locale
+ encoding to convert it to Unicode.
*/
wxString(const wxCharBuffer& buf);
/**
- String destructor. Note that this is not virtual, so wxString must not be
- inherited from.
+ String destructor.
+
+ Note that this is not virtual, so wxString must not be inherited from.
*/
~wxString();
/**
Appends the wide string literal @e pwz.
*/
- wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz)
+ wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz);
/**
Appends the string literal @e psz with max length @e nLen.
/**
Appends the wide string literal @e psz with max length @e nLen.
*/
- wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz, size_t nLen)
+ wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz, size_t nLen);
/**
Appends the string @e s.
*/
- wxString &Append(const wxString &s);
+ wxString& Append(const wxString& s);
/**
Appends the character @e ch @e count times.
*/
wxString BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch) const;
-
/**
Return the copy of the string with the first string character in the
upper case and the subsequent ones in the lower case.
/**
wxWidgets compatibility conversion. Same as c_str().
*/
- const wxCStrData* GetData() const;
+ const wxCStrData GetData() const;
/**
Returns a reference to the character at position @e n.
Returns a substring starting at @e first, with length @e count, or the rest of
the string if @a count is the default value.
*/
- wxString Mid(size_t first, size_t count = wxSTRING_MAXLEN) const;
+ wxString Mid(size_t first, size_t nCount = wxString::npos) const;
/**
Adds @a count copies of @a pad to the beginning, or to the end of the
string (the default). Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
*/
- wxString& Pad(size_t count, wxUniChar pad = ' ',
- bool fromRight = true);
+ wxString& Pad(size_t count, wxUniChar chPad = ' ', bool fromRight = true);
/**
Prepends @a str to this string, returning a reference to this string.
size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
dangerous @e vsprintf() will be used then which may lead to buffer overflows.
*/
- int Printf(const wxChar* pszFormat, ...);
+ int Printf(const wxString& pszFormat, ...);
/**
Similar to vprintf. Returns the number of characters written, or an integer
less than zero
on error.
*/
- int PrintfV(const wxChar* pszFormat, va_list argPtr);
+ int PrintfV(const wxString& pszFormat, va_list argPtr);
//@{
/**
/**
Removes the last character.
*/
- wxString RemoveLast();
+ wxString& RemoveLast(size_t n = 1);
/**
Replace first (or all) occurrences of substring with another one.
Minimizes the string's memory. This can be useful after a call to
Alloc() if too much memory were preallocated.
*/
- void Shrink();
+ bool Shrink();
/**
This function can be used to test if the string starts with the specified
@see ToLong(), ToULong()
*/
- bool ToDouble(double val) const;
+ bool ToDouble(double* val) const;
/**
Attempts to convert the string to a signed integer in base @e base. Returns
@see ToDouble(), ToULong()
*/
- bool ToLong(long val, int base = 10) const;
+ bool ToLong(long* val, int base = 10) const;
/**
This is exactly the same as ToLong() but works with 64
@see ToLong(), ToULongLong()
*/
- bool ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t val, int base = 10) const;
+ bool ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t* val, int base = 10) const;
/**
Attempts to convert the string to an unsigned integer in base @e base.
Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the
location pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not
represent a valid number in the given base (the value of @a val is not
- modified in this case). Please notice that this function
- behaves in the same way as the standard @c strtoul() and so it simply
- converts negative numbers to unsigned representation instead of rejecting them
- (e.g. -1 is returned as @c ULONG_MAX).
- See ToLong() for the more detailed
- description of the @a base parameter.
+ modified in this case).
+
+ Please notice that this function behaves in the same way as the standard
+ @c strtoul() and so it simply converts negative numbers to unsigned
+ representation instead of rejecting them (e.g. -1 is returned as @c ULONG_MAX).
+
+ See ToLong() for the more detailed description of the @a base parameter.
@see ToDouble(), ToLong()
*/
- bool ToULong(unsigned long val, int base = 10) const;
+ bool ToULong(unsigned long* val, int base = 10) const;
/**
This is exactly the same as ToULong() but works with 64
bit integer numbers.
Please see ToLongLong() for additional remarks.
*/
- bool ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t val, int base = 10) const;
+ bool ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t* val, int base = 10) const;
//@{
/**
//@{
/**
Puts the string back into a reasonable state (in which it can be used
- normally), after
- GetWriteBuf() was called.
+ normally), after GetWriteBuf() was called.
+
The version of the function without the @a len parameter will calculate the
new string length itself assuming that the string is terminated by the first
@c NUL character in it while the second one will use the specified length
and thus is the only version which should be used with the strings with
embedded @c NULs (it is also slightly more efficient as @c strlen()
doesn't have to be called).
- This method is deprecated, please use
- wxStringBuffer or
+
+ This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or
wxStringBufferLength instead.
*/
void UngetWriteBuf();
wxString Upper() const;
/**
- The same as MakeUpper.
+ The same as MakeUpper().
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
code.
*/
Given this ambiguity it is mostly better to use wc_str(), mb_str() or
utf8_str() instead.
- Please see the @ref overview_unicode "Unicode overview" for more
- information about it.
+ Please see the @ref overview_unicode for more information about it.
Note that the returned value is not convertible to @c char* or
@c wchar_t*, use char_str() or wchar_str() if you need to pass
@see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str()
*/
- const wxCStrData c_str() const;
+ wxCStrData c_str() const;
/**
Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
buffer will contain the conversion of the string to the encoding of the
current locale (and so can fail).
- @param len If non-@NULL, filled with the length of the returned buffer.
+ @param len
+ If non-@NULL, filled with the length of the returned buffer.
+
@return
buffer containing the string contents in the specified type,
notice that it may be @NULL if the conversion failed (e.g. Unicode
*/
friend istream operator>>(istream& is, wxString& str);
+ //@{
/**
These functions work as C++ stream insertion operators. They insert the
given value into the string. Precision and format cannot be set using them.
Use Printf() instead.
*/
wxString& operator<<(const wxString& s);
- wxString& operator<<(const char* psz)
- wxString& operator<<(const wchar_t* pwz)
- wxString& operator<<(const wxCStrData& psz)
- wxString& operator<<(wxUniChar ch);
- wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch)
- wxString& operator<<(char ch)
- wxString& operator<<(unsigned char ch)
- wxString& operator<<(wchar_t ch)
- wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s)
- wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s)
- wxString& operator<<(int i);
+ wxString& operator<<(const char* psz);
+ wxString& operator<<(const wchar_t* pwz);
+ wxString& operator<<(const wxCStrData& psz);
+ wxString& operator<<(const char* psz);
+ wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch);
+ wxString& operator<<(char ch);
+ wxString& operator<<(unsigned char ch);
+ wxString& operator<<(wchar_t ch);
+ wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s);
+ wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s);
+ wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch);
wxString& operator<<(unsigned int ui);
wxString& operator<<(long l);
wxString& operator<<(unsigned long ul);
wxString& operator<<(wxULongLong_t ul);
wxString& operator<<(float f);
wxString& operator<<(double d);
+ //@}
/**
- Same as Mid (substring extraction).
+ Same as Mid() (substring extraction).
*/
- wxString operator ()(size_t start, size_t len);
+ wxString operator()(size_t start, size_t len) const;
//@{
/**
};
-
/**
- FIXME
-*/
-wxString Objects:
-;
-
-/**
- FIXME
+ The global wxString instance of an empty string.
+ Used extensively in the entire wxWidgets API.
*/
wxString wxEmptyString;
/**
@class wxStringBufferLength
- This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString
- internal buffer as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore
- the string to the usable state later, and allows the user to set the internal
- length of the string.
+ This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString internal buffer
+ as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore the string to
+ the usable state later, and allows the user to set the internal length of the string.
For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
- @c int GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *) copying the value in the provided
+ @c "int GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *)" copying the value in the provided
buffer (which must be writable, of course), and returning the actual length
of the string, you might call it like this:
@code
- wxString theAnswer;
+ wxString theAnswer;
wxStringBuffer theAnswerBuffer(theAnswer, 1024);
int nLength = GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(theAnswerBuffer);
theAnswerBuffer.SetLength(nLength);
if ( theAnswer != "42" )
- {
wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
- }
@endcode
+ @todo
+ the example above does not make use of wxStringBufferLength??
+
Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
relying on wxStringBuffer containing the old wxString data is not a good
idea if you want to build your program both with and without wxUSE_STL.
- Note that SetLength @c must be called before wxStringBufferLength destructs.
+ Note that wxStringBuffer::SetLength @b must be called before
+ wxStringBufferLength destructs.
@library{wxbase}
@category{data}
public:
/**
Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
- and containing enough space for at least @a len characters. Basically, this
- is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf and
+ and containing enough space for at least @a len characters.
+
+ Basically, this is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf and
saving the result.
*/
wxStringBufferLength(const wxString& str, size_t len);
/**
Sets the internal length of the string referred to by wxStringBufferLength to
@a nLength characters.
+
Must be called before wxStringBufferLength destructs.
*/
void SetLength(size_t nLength);
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