// Name: string.h
// Purpose: interface of wxStringBuffer, wxString
// Author: wxWidgets team
-// RCS-ID: $Id$
-// Licence: wxWindows license
+// Licence: wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/**
@class wxString
- The wxString class has been completely rewritten for wxWidgets 3.0
- and this change was actually the main reason for the calling that
- version wxWidgets 3.0.
+ String class for passing textual data to or receiving it from wxWidgets.
+
+ @note
+ While the use of wxString is unavoidable in wxWidgets program, you are
+ encouraged to use the standard string classes @c std::string or @c
+ std::wstring in your applications and convert them to and from wxString
+ only when interacting with wxWidgets.
+
+
+ wxString is a class representing a Unicode character string but with
+ methods taking or returning both @c wchar_t wide characters and @c wchar_t*
+ wide strings and traditional @c char characters and @c char* strings. The
+ dual nature of wxString API makes it simple to use in all cases and,
+ importantly, allows the code written for either ANSI or Unicode builds of
+ the previous wxWidgets versions to compile and work correctly with the
+ single unified Unicode build of wxWidgets 3.0. It is also mostly
+ transparent when using wxString with the few exceptions described below.
+
+
+ @section string_api API overview
+
+ wxString tries to be similar to both @c std::string and @c std::wstring and
+ can mostly be used as either class. It provides practically all of the
+ methods of these classes, which behave exactly the same as in the standard
+ C++, and so are not documented here (please see any standard library
+ documentation, for example http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string for more
+ details).
+
+ In addition to these standard methods, wxString adds functions dealing with
+ the conversions between different string encodings, described below, as
+ well as many extra helpers such as functions for formatted output
+ (Printf(), Format(), ...), case conversion (MakeUpper(), Capitalize(), ...)
+ and various others (Trim(), StartsWith(), Matches(), ...). All of the
+ non-standard methods follow wxWidgets "CamelCase" naming convention and are
+ documented here.
+
+ Notice that some wxString methods exist in several versions for
+ compatibility reasons. For example all of length(), Length() and Len() are
+ provided. In such cases it is recommended to use the standard string-like
+ method, i.e. length() in this case.
+
+
+ @section string_conv Converting to and from wxString
+
+ wxString can be created from:
+ - ASCII string guaranteed to contain only 7 bit characters using
+ wxString::FromAscii().
+ - Narrow @c char* string in the current locale encoding using implicit
+ wxString::wxString(const char*) constructor.
+ - Narrow @c char* string in UTF-8 encoding using wxString::FromUTF8().
+ - Narrow @c char* string in the given encoding using
+ wxString::wxString(const char*, const wxMBConv&) constructor passing a
+ wxCSConv corresponding to the encoding as the second argument.
+ - Standard @c std::string using implicit wxString::wxString(const
+ std::string&) constructor. Notice that this constructor supposes that
+ the string contains data in the current locale encoding, use FromUTF8()
+ or the constructor taking wxMBConv if this is not the case.
+ - Wide @c wchar_t* string using implicit wxString::wxString(const
+ wchar_t*) constructor.
+ - Standard @c std::wstring using implicit wxString::wxString(const
+ std::wstring&) constructor.
+
+ Notice that many of the constructors are implicit, meaning that you don't
+ even need to write them at all to pass the existing string to some
+ wxWidgets function taking a wxString.
+
+ Similarly, wxString can be converted to:
+ - ASCII string using wxString::ToAscii(). This is a potentially
+ destructive operation as all non-ASCII string characters are replaced
+ with a placeholder character.
+ - String in the current locale encoding implicitly or using c_str() or
+ mb_str() methods. This is a potentially destructive operation as an @e
+ empty string is returned if the conversion fails.
+ - String in UTF-8 encoding using wxString::utf8_str().
+ - String in any given encoding using mb_str() with the appropriate
+ wxMBConv object. This is also a potentially destructive operation.
+ - Standard @c std::string using wxString::ToStdString(). The contents
+ of the returned string use the current locale encoding, so this
+ conversion is potentially destructive as well.
+ - Wide C string using wxString::wc_str().
+ - Standard @c std::wstring using wxString::ToStdWstring().
+
+ @note If you built wxWidgets with @c wxUSE_STL set to 1, the implicit
+ conversions to both narrow and wide C strings are disabled and replaced
+ with implicit conversions to @c std::string and @c std::wstring.
+
+ Please notice that the conversions marked as "potentially destructive"
+ above can result in loss of data if their result is not checked, so you
+ need to verify that converting the contents of a non-empty Unicode string
+ to a non-UTF-8 multibyte encoding results in non-empty string. The simplest
+ and best way to ensure that the conversion never fails is to always use
+ UTF-8.
+
+
+ @section string_gotchas Traps for the unwary
+
+ As mentioned above, wxString tries to be compatible with both narrow and
+ wide standard string classes and mostly does it transparently, but there
+ are some exceptions.
+
+ @subsection string_gotchas_element String element access
+
+ Some problems are caused by wxString::operator[]() which returns an object
+ of a special proxy class allowing to assign either a simple @c char or a @c
+ wchar_t to the given index. Because of this, the return type of this
+ operator is neither @c char nor @c wchar_t nor a reference to one of these
+ types but wxUniCharRef which is not a primitive type and hence can't be
+ used in the @c switch statement. So the following code does @e not compile
+ @code
+ wxString s(...);
+ switch ( s[n] ) {
+ case 'A':
+ ...
+ break;
+ }
+ @endcode
+ and you need to use
+ @code
+ switch ( s[n].GetValue() ) {
+ ...
+ }
+ @endcode
+ instead. Alternatively, you can use an explicit cast:
+ @code
+ switch ( static_cast<char>(s[n]) ) {
+ ...
+ }
+ @endcode
+ but notice that this will result in an assert failure if the character at
+ the given position is not representable as a single @c char in the current
+ encoding, so you may want to cast to @c int instead if non-ASCII values can
+ be used.
+
+ Another consequence of this unusual return type arises when it is used with
+ template deduction or C++11 @c auto keyword. Unlike with the normal
+ references which are deduced to be of the referenced type, the deduced type
+ for wxUniCharRef is wxUniCharRef itself. This results in potentially
+ unexpected behaviour, for example:
+ @code
+ wxString s("abc");
+ auto c = s[0];
+ c = 'x'; // Modifies the string!
+ wxASSERT( s == "xbc" );
+ @endcode
+ Due to this, either explicitly specify the variable type:
+ @code
+ int c = s[0];
+ c = 'x'; // Doesn't modify the string any more.
+ wxASSERT( s == "abc" );
+ @endcode
+ or explicitly convert the return value:
+ @code
+ auto c = s[0].GetValue();
+ c = 'x'; // Doesn't modify the string neither.
+ wxASSERT( s == "abc" );
+ @endcode
- wxString is a class representing a Unicode character string.
- wxString uses @c std::basic_string internally (even if @c wxUSE_STL is not defined)
- to store its content (unless this is not supported by the compiler or disabled
- specifically when building wxWidgets) and it therefore inherits
- many features from @c std::basic_string. (Note that most implementations of
- @c std::basic_string are thread-safe and don't use reference counting.)
- These @c std::basic_string standard functions are only listed here, but
- they are not fully documented in this manual; see the STL documentation
- (http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start) for more info.
- The behaviour of all these functions is identical to the behaviour
- described there.
+ @subsection string_gotchas_conv Conversion to C string
- You may notice that wxString sometimes has several functions which do
- the same thing like Length(), Len() and length() which all return the
- string length. In all cases of such duplication the @c std::string
- compatible methods should be used.
+ A different class of problems happens due to the dual nature of the return
+ value of wxString::c_str() method, which is also used for implicit
+ conversions. The result of calls to this method is convertible to either
+ narrow @c char* string or wide @c wchar_t* string and so, again, has
+ neither the former nor the latter type. Usually, the correct type will be
+ chosen depending on how you use the result but sometimes the compiler can't
+ choose it because of an ambiguity, e.g.:
+ @code
+ // Some non-wxWidgets functions existing for both narrow and wide
+ // strings:
+ void dump_text(const char* text); // Version (1)
+ void dump_text(const wchar_t* text); // Version (2)
+
+ wxString s(...);
+ dump_text(s); // ERROR: ambiguity.
+ dump_text(s.c_str()); // ERROR: still ambiguous.
+ @endcode
+ In this case you need to explicitly convert to the type that you need to
+ use or use a different, non-ambiguous, conversion function (which is
+ usually the best choice):
+ @code
+ dump_text(static_cast<const char*>(s)); // OK, calls (1)
+ dump_text(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s.c_str())); // OK, calls (2)
+ dump_text(s.mb_str()); // OK, calls (1)
+ dump_text(s.wc_str()); // OK, calls (2)
+ dump_text(s.wx_str()); // OK, calls ???
+ @endcode
- For informations about the internal encoding used by wxString and
- for important warnings and advices for using it, please read
- the @ref overview_string.
+ @subsection string_vararg Using wxString with vararg functions
- Since wxWidgets 3.0 wxString always stores Unicode strings, so you should
- be sure to read also @ref overview_unicode.
+ A special subclass of the problems arising due to the polymorphic nature of
+ wxString::c_str() result type happens when using functions taking an
+ arbitrary number of arguments, such as the standard @c printf(). Due to the
+ rules of the C++ language, the types for the "variable" arguments of such
+ functions are not specified and hence the compiler cannot convert wxString
+ objects, or the objects returned by wxString::c_str(), to these unknown
+ types automatically. Hence neither wxString objects nor the results of most
+ of the conversion functions can be passed as vararg arguments:
+ @code
+ // ALL EXAMPLES HERE DO NOT WORK, DO NOT USE THEM!
+ printf("Don't do this: %s", s);
+ printf("Don't do that: %s", s.c_str());
+ printf("Nor even this: %s", s.mb_str());
+ wprintf("And even not always this: %s", s.wc_str());
+ @endcode
+ Instead you need to either explicitly cast to the needed type:
+ @code
+ // These examples work but are not the best solution, see below.
+ printf("You can do this: %s", static_cast<const char*>(s));
+ printf("Or this: %s", static_cast<const char*>(s.c_str()));
+ printf("And this: %s", static_cast<const char*>(s.mb_str()));
+ wprintf("Or this: %s", static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s.wc_str()));
+ @endcode
+ But a better solution is to use wxWidgets-provided functions, if possible,
+ as is the case for @c printf family of functions:
+ @code
+ // This is the recommended way.
+ wxPrintf("You can do just this: %s", s);
+ wxPrintf("And this (but it is redundant): %s", s.c_str());
+ wxPrintf("And this (not using Unicode): %s", s.mb_str());
+ wxPrintf("And this (always Unicode): %s", s.wc_str());
+ @endcode
+ Notice that wxPrintf() replaces both @c printf() and @c wprintf() and
+ accepts wxString objects, results of c_str() calls but also @c char* and
+ @c wchar_t* strings directly.
+
+ wxWidgets provides wx-prefixed equivalents to all the standard vararg
+ functions and a few more, notably wxString::Format(), wxLogMessage(),
+ wxLogError() and other log functions. But if you can't use one of those
+ functions and need to pass wxString objects to non-wx vararg functions, you
+ need to use the explicit casts as explained above.
+
+
+ @section string_performance Performance characteristics
+
+ wxString uses @c std::basic_string internally to store its content (unless
+ this is not supported by the compiler or disabled specifically when
+ building wxWidgets) and it therefore inherits many features from @c
+ std::basic_string. In particular, most modern implementations of @c
+ std::basic_string are thread-safe and don't use reference counting (making
+ copying large strings potentially expensive) and so wxString has the same
+ characteristics.
+
+ By default, wxString uses @c std::basic_string specialized for the
+ platform-dependent @c wchar_t type, meaning that it is not memory-efficient
+ for ASCII strings, especially under Unix platforms where every ASCII
+ character, normally fitting in a byte, is represented by a 4 byte @c
+ wchar_t.
+
+ It is possible to build wxWidgets with @c wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8 set to 1 in
+ which case an UTF-8-encoded string representation is stored in @c
+ std::basic_string specialized for @c char, i.e. the usual @c std::string.
+ In this case the memory efficiency problem mentioned above doesn't arise
+ but run-time performance of many wxString methods changes dramatically, in
+ particular accessing the N-th character of the string becomes an operation
+ taking O(N) time instead of O(1), i.e. constant, time by default. Thus, if
+ you do use this so called UTF-8 build, you should avoid using indices to
+ access the strings whenever possible and use the iterators instead. As an
+ example, traversing the string using iterators is an O(N), where N is the
+ string length, operation in both the normal ("wchar_t") and UTF-8 builds
+ but doing it using indices becomes O(N^2) in UTF-8 case meaning that simply
+ checking every character of a reasonably long (e.g. a couple of millions
+ elements) string can take an unreasonably long time.
+
+ However, if you do use iterators, UTF-8 build can be a better choice than
+ the default build, especially for the memory-constrained embedded systems.
+ Notice also that GTK+ and DirectFB use UTF-8 internally, so using this
+ build not only saves memory for ASCII strings but also avoids conversions
+ between wxWidgets and the underlying toolkit.
@section string_index Index of the member groups
@stdobjects
::wxEmptyString
- @see @ref overview_string, @ref overview_unicode,
+ @see @ref overview_string, @ref overview_unicode,
@ref group_funcmacro_string "String-related functions", wxUString,
wxCharBuffer, wxUniChar, wxStringTokenizer, wxStringBuffer, wxStringBufferLength
*/
public:
/**
@name Standard types
-
+
Types used with wxString.
*/
//@{
a single character or a wide (Unicode) string. For all constructors (except the
default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
operator.
-
+
See also the assign() STL-like function.
*/
//@{
-
+
/**
Default constructor
*/
*/
wxString(const wxString& stringSrc);
+ /**
+ Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
+ */
+ wxString(wxUniChar ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
+
+ /**
+ Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
+ */
+ wxString(wxUniCharRef ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
+
+ /**
+ Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch
+ converted to Unicode using the current locale encoding.
+ */
+ wxString(char ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
+
+ /**
+ Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
+ */
+ wxString(wchar_t ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
/**
Constructs a string from the string literal @a psz using
/**
Constructs a string from @a str using the using the current locale encoding
to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
+
+ @see ToStdString()
*/
wxString(const std::string& str);
/**
Constructs a string from @a str.
+
+ @see ToStdWstring()
*/
wxString(const std::wstring& str);
-
+
/**
String destructor.
wxString operator =(wxUniChar c);
//@}
-
+
/**
These functions return the string length and/or check whether the string
is empty.
-
+
See also the length(), size() or empty() STL-like functions.
*/
//@{
-
+
/**
Returns the length of the string.
/**
@member_group_name{ch_access, Character access}
- Many functions below take a character index in the string.
- As with C strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character
+ Many functions below take a character index in the string.
+ As with C strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character
of a string is string[0]. An attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
string (which may even be 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug builds", but no checks are
/**
Returns a writable buffer of at least @a len bytes.
-
+
It returns a pointer to a new memory block, and the existing data will not be copied.
Call UngetWriteBuf() as soon as possible to put the string back into a reasonable state.
-
+
This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or wxStringBufferLength instead.
*/
wxStringCharType* GetWriteBuf(size_t len);
This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or wxStringBufferLength instead.
*/
void UngetWriteBuf();
-
+
/**
@overload
*/
void UngetWriteBuf(size_t len);
-
+
/**
Sets the character at position @e n.
*/
void SetChar(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
/**
- Returns a the last character.
-
+ Returns the last character.
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
you should not use it in new code.
*/
wxUniChar Last() const;
-
+
/**
Returns a reference to the last character (writable).
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
you should not use it in new code.
*/
Returns a writable reference to the @a i-th character of the string.
*/
wxUniCharRef operator [](size_t i);
-
+
//@}
-
+
/**
@member_group_name{conv, Conversions}
-
+
This section contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, you are advised
to use wc_str() for the sake of clarity.
for file handling.
*/
const wchar_t* fn_str() const;
-
+
/**
@overload
*/
@see wc_str(), c_str(), mb_str()
*/
- const char* utf8_str() const;
-
- /**
- @overload
- */
- const wxCharBuffer utf8_str() const;
+ const wxScopedCharBuffer utf8_str() const;
/**
- Converts the strings contents to the wide character represention
+ Converts the strings contents to the wide character representation
and returns it as a temporary wxWCharBuffer object (Unix and OS X)
or returns a pointer to the internal string contents in wide character
mode (Windows).
wchar_t* or UTF-8-encoded char*, depending on the build).
*/
const wxStringCharType *wx_str() const;
-
+
/**
Converts the string to an 8-bit string in ISO-8859-1 encoding in the
form of a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only).
@see wxString::From8BitData()
*/
- const char* To8BitData() const;
-
- /**
- @overload
- */
- const wxCharBuffer To8BitData() const;
+ const wxScopedCharBuffer To8BitData() const;
/**
Converts the string to an ASCII, 7-bit string in the form of
a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only) or a C string (ANSI builds).
- Note that this conversion only works if the string contains only ASCII
- characters. The @ref mb_str() "mb_str" method provides more
- powerful means of converting wxString to C string.
+
+ Note that this conversion is only lossless if the string contains only
+ ASCII characters as all the non-ASCII ones are replaced with the @c '_'
+ (underscore) character.
+
+ Use mb_str() or utf8_str() to convert to other encodings.
*/
const char* ToAscii() const;
const wxCharBuffer ToAscii() const;
/**
- Same as utf8_str().
+ Return the string as an std::string in current locale encoding.
+
+ Note that if the conversion of (Unicode) string contents to the current
+ locale fails, the return string will be empty. Be sure to check for
+ this to avoid silent data loss.
+
+ Instead of using this function it's also possible to write
+ @code
+ std::string s;
+ wxString wxs;
+ ...
+ s = std::string(wxs);
+ @endcode
+ but using ToStdString() may make the code more clear.
+
+ @since 2.9.1
*/
- const char* ToUTF8() const;
+ std::string ToStdString() const;
/**
- @overload
+ Return the string as an std::wstring.
+
+ Unlike ToStdString(), there is no danger of data loss when using this
+ function.
+
+ @since 2.9.1
*/
- const wxCharBuffer ToUTF8() const;
+ std::wstring ToStdWstring() const;
+
+ /**
+ Same as utf8_str().
+ */
+ const wxScopedCharBuffer ToUTF8() const;
//@}
@member_group_name{concat, Concatenation}
Almost anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string!
-
- Note that the various operator<<() overloads work as C++ stream insertion
- operators. They insert the given value into the string.
+
+ Note that the various operator<<() overloads work as C++ stream insertion
+ operators. They insert the given value into the string.
Precision and format cannot be set using them. Use Printf() instead.
See also the insert() and append() STL-like functions.
Concatenation: returns a new string equal to the concatenation of the operands.
*/
wxString operator +(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-
+
/**
@overload
*/
wxString& operator<<(wchar_t ch);
wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s);
wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s);
+ wxString& operator<<(wxUniChar ch);
wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch);
wxString& operator<<(unsigned int ui);
wxString& operator<<(long l);
Concatenation in place: the argument is appended to the string.
*/
void operator +=(const wxString& str);
-
+
/**
@overload
*/
void operator +=(wxUniChar c);
-
+
//@}
-
+
/**
@member_group_name{cmp, Comparison}
StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix.
-
+
See also the compare() STL-like function.
*/
//@{
int CmpNoCase(const wxString& s) const;
/**
- Test whether the string is equal to the single character @a c.
-
+ Test whether the string is equal to another string @a s.
+
The test is case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is
@false.
-
- Returns @true if the string is equal to the character, @false otherwise.
-
+
+ @return @true if the string is equal to the other one, @false otherwise.
+
@see Cmp(), CmpNoCase()
*/
- bool IsSameAs(const wxString &s, bool caseSensitive = true) const;
-
+ bool IsSameAs(const wxString& s, bool caseSensitive = true) const;
+
/**
- @overload
+ Test whether the string is equal to the single character @a ch.
+
+ The test is case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is
+ @false.
+
+ @return @true if the string is equal to this character, @false otherwise.
+
+ @see Cmp(), CmpNoCase()
*/
bool IsSameAs(wxUniChar ch, bool caseSensitive = true) const;
/**
This function can be used to test if the string starts with the specified
- @a prefix.
-
- If it does, the function will return @true and put the rest of the string
+ @a prefix.
+
+ If it does, the function will return @true and put the rest of the string
(i.e. after the prefix) into @a rest string if it is not @NULL.
Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't modify the @a rest.
*/
modify the @e rest.
*/
bool EndsWith(const wxString& suffix, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
-
+
//@}
-
-
+
+
/**
@member_group_name{substring, Substring extraction}
These functions allow you to extract a substring from the string. The
original string is not modified and the function returns the extracted
substring.
-
+
See also the at() and the substr() STL-like functions.
*/
/**
Returns the part of the string between the indices @a from and @a to
inclusive.
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function, use Mid()
instead (but note that parameters have different meaning).
*/
wxString SubString(size_t from, size_t to) const;
-
+
/**
Same as Mid() (substring extraction).
*/
/**
Gets all characters before the first occurrence of @e ch.
Returns the whole string if @a ch is not found.
+
+ @param ch The character to look for.
+ @param rest Filled with the part of the string following the first
+ occurrence of @a ch or cleared if it was not found. The same string
+ is returned by AfterFirst() but it is more efficient to use this
+ output parameter if both the "before" and "after" parts are needed
+ than calling both functions one after the other. This parameter is
+ available in wxWidgets version 2.9.2 and later only.
+ @return Part of the string before the first occurrence of @a ch.
*/
- wxString BeforeFirst(wxUniChar ch) const;
+ wxString BeforeFirst(wxUniChar ch, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
/**
Gets all characters before the last occurrence of @e ch.
Returns the empty string if @a ch is not found.
+
+ @param ch The character to look for.
+ @param rest Filled with the part of the string following the last
+ occurrence of @a ch or the copy of this string if it was not found.
+ The same string is returned by AfterLast() but it is more efficient
+ to use this output parameter if both the "before" and "after" parts
+ are needed than calling both functions one after the other. This
+ parameter is available in wxWidgets version 2.9.2 and later only.
+ @return Part of the string before the last occurrence of @a ch.
*/
- wxString BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch) const;
-
+ wxString BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
+
//@}
-
-
+
+
/**
@member_group_name{caseconv, Case conversion}
@see Upper()
*/
wxString& MakeUpper();
-
+
/**
Returns this string converted to upper case.
code.
*/
void UpperCase();
-
+
//@}
-
-
+
+
/**
@member_group_name{search, Searching and replacing}
These functions replace the standard @c strchr() and @c strstr()
functions.
-
+
See also the find(), rfind(), replace() STL-like functions.
*/
//@{
/**
- Searches for the given character @a ch.
+ Searches for the given character @a ch.
Returns the position or @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
*/
int Find(wxUniChar ch, bool fromEnd = false) const;
/**
- Searches for the given string @a sub.
+ Searches for the given string @a sub.
Returns the starting position or @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
*/
int Find(const wxString& sub) const;
/**
Same as Find().
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
you should not use it in new code.
*/
/**
Same as Find().
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
you should not use it in new code.
*/
/**
Replace first (or all) occurrences of substring with another one.
-
+
@param strOld
The string to search for replacing.
@param strNew
The substitution string.
@param replaceAll
- If @true a global replace will be done (default), otherwise only the
+ If @true a global replace will be done (default), otherwise only the
first occurrence will be replaced.
-
+
Returns the number of replacements made.
*/
size_t Replace(const wxString& strOld, const wxString& strNew,
@member_group_name{numconv, Conversion to numbers}
The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
- floating point numbers. All functions take a pointer to the variable to
- put the numeric value in and return @true if the @b entire string could be
- converted to a number.
- */
+ floating point numbers.
+
+ All functions take a pointer to the variable to put the numeric value
+ in and return @true if the @b entire string could be converted to a
+ number. Notice if there is a valid number in the beginning of the
+ string, it is returned in the output parameter even if the function
+ returns @false because there is more text following it.
+ */
//@{
/**
- Attempts to convert the string to a floating point number. Returns @true on
- success (the number is stored in the location pointed to by @e val) or @false
- if the string does not represent such number (the value of @a val is not
- modified in this case).
+ Attempts to convert the string to a floating point number.
+
+ Returns @true on success (the number is stored in the location pointed to by
+ @a val) or @false if the string does not represent such number (the value of
+ @a val may still be modified in this case).
+
+ Note that unlike ToCDouble() this function uses a localized version of
+ @c wxStrtod() and thus needs as decimal point (and thousands separator) the
+ locale-specific decimal point. Thus you should use this function only when
+ you are sure that this string contains a floating point number formatted with
+ the rules of the locale currently in use (see wxLocale).
+
+ Also notice that even this function is locale-specific it does not
+ support strings with thousands separators in them, even if the current
+ locale uses digits grouping. You may use wxNumberFormatter::FromString()
+ to parse such strings.
- @see ToLong(), ToULong()
+ Please refer to the documentation of the standard function @c strtod()
+ for more details about the supported syntax.
+
+ @see ToCDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
*/
bool ToDouble(double* val) const;
/**
- Attempts to convert the string to a signed integer in base @e base. Returns
- @true on success in which case the number is stored in the location
+ Variant of ToDouble() always working in "C" locale.
+
+ Works like ToDouble() but unlike it this function expects the floating point
+ number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale
+ (in particular, the decimal point must be a dot), independently from the
+ current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
+
+ @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
+ */
+ bool ToCDouble(double* val) const;
+
+ /**
+ Attempts to convert the string to a signed integer in base @a base.
+
+ Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the location
pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not represent a
- valid number in the given base (the value of @a val is not modified
- in this case).
+ valid number in the given base (the value of @a val may still be
+ modified in this case).
+
The value of @a base must be comprised between 2 and 36, inclusive, or
be a special value 0 which means that the usual rules of @c C numbers are
applied: if the number starts with @c 0x it is considered to be in base
which may have leading zeroes as they can yield unexpected (to the user not
familiar with C) results.
- @see ToDouble(), ToULong()
+ Note that unlike ToCLong() this function uses a localized version of
+ @c wxStrtol(). Thus you should use this function only when you are sure
+ that this string contains an integer number formatted with
+ the rules of the locale currently in use (see wxLocale).
+
+ As with ToDouble(), this function does not support strings containing
+ thousands separators even if the current locale uses digits grouping.
+ You may use wxNumberFormatter::FromString() to parse such strings.
+
+ Please refer to the documentation of the standard function @c strtol()
+ for more details about the supported syntax.
+
+ @see ToCDouble(), ToDouble(), ToULong()
*/
bool ToLong(long* val, int base = 10) const;
/**
- This is exactly the same as ToLong() but works with 64
- bit integer numbers.
+ Variant of ToLong() always working in "C" locale.
+
+ Works like ToLong() but unlike it this function expects the integer
+ number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale,
+ independently from the current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
+
+ @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
+ */
+ bool ToCLong(long* val, int base = 10) const;
+
+ /**
+ This is exactly the same as ToLong() but works with 64 bit integer numbers.
+
Notice that currently it doesn't work (always returns @false) if parsing of 64
bit numbers is not supported by the underlying C run-time library. Compilers
with C99 support and Microsoft Visual C++ version 7 and higher do support this.
bool ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t* val, int base = 10) const;
/**
- Attempts to convert the string to an unsigned integer in base @e base.
+ Attempts to convert the string to an unsigned integer in base @a base.
+
Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the
location pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not
- represent a valid number in the given base (the value of @a val is not
- modified in this case).
+ represent a valid number in the given base (the value of @a val may
+ still be modified in this case).
Please notice that this function behaves in the same way as the standard
@c strtoul() and so it simply converts negative numbers to unsigned
representation instead of rejecting them (e.g. -1 is returned as @c ULONG_MAX).
- See ToLong() for the more detailed description of the @a base parameter.
+ See ToLong() for the more detailed description of the @a base parameter
+ (and of the locale-specific behaviour of this function).
- @see ToDouble(), ToLong()
+ @see ToCULong(), ToDouble(), ToLong()
*/
bool ToULong(unsigned long* val, int base = 10) const;
/**
- This is exactly the same as ToULong() but works with 64
- bit integer numbers.
+ Variant of ToULong() always working in "C" locale.
+
+ Works like ToULong() but unlike it this function expects the integer
+ number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale,
+ independently from the current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
+
+ @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()
+ */
+ bool ToCULong(unsigned long* val, int base = 10) const;
+
+ /**
+ This is exactly the same as ToULong() but works with 64 bit integer
+ numbers.
+
Please see ToLongLong() for additional remarks.
*/
bool ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t* val, int base = 10) const;
@member_group_name{fmt, Formatting and printing}
Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
- exist (for basic types only).
-
+ exist (for basic types only).
+
See also the static Format() and FormatV() functions.
*/
//@{
Note that if @c wxUSE_PRINTF_POS_PARAMS is set to 1, then this function supports
Unix98-style positional parameters:
+ @code
+ wxString str;
+
+ str.Printf(wxT("%d %d %d"), 1, 2, 3);
+ // str now contains "1 2 3"
+
+ str.Printf(wxT("%2$d %3$d %1$d"), 1, 2, 3);
+ // str now contains "2 3 1"
+ @endcode
+
@note This function will use a safe version of @e vsprintf() (usually called
@e vsnprintf()) whenever available to always allocate the buffer of correct
size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
int PrintfV(const wxString& pszFormat, va_list argPtr);
//@}
-
-
+
+
/**
@member_group_name{mem, Memory management}
- The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
- Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
- wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful when working
+ The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
+ Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
+ wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful when working
with some external API which requires the caller to provide a writable buffer.
-
+
See also the reserve() and resize() STL-like functions.
*/
//@{
-
+
/**
Preallocate enough space for wxString to store @a nLen characters.
/**
Empties the string and frees memory occupied by it.
-
+
@see Empty()
*/
void Clear();
-
+
//@}
/**
Returns @true if target appears anywhere in wxString; else @false.
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
*/
bool Contains(const wxString& str) const;
/**
Makes the string empty, but doesn't free memory occupied by the string.
-
+
@see Clear().
*/
void Empty();
/**
Returns the number of occurrences of @e ch in the string.
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
*/
int Freq(wxUniChar ch) const;
/**
Returns @true if the string is an integer (with possible sign).
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
*/
bool IsNumber() const;
/**
Returns @true if the string is a word.
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
*/
bool IsWord() const;
/**
Adds @a count copies of @a chPad to the beginning, or to the end of the
string (the default).
-
+
Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
*/
wxString& Pad(size_t count, wxUniChar chPad = ' ', bool fromRight = true);
-
+
/**
Removes all characters from the string starting at @a pos.
Use Truncate() as a more readable alternative.
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
*/
wxString& Remove(size_t pos);
-
+
/**
Removes @a len characters from the string, starting at @a pos.
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
*/
wxString& Remove(size_t pos, size_t len);
wxString& RemoveLast(size_t n = 1);
/**
- Strip characters at the front and/or end.
-
+ Strip characters at the front and/or end.
+
This is the same as Trim() except that it doesn't change this string.
-
+
This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
*/
wxString Strip(stripType s = trailing) const;
Truncate the string to the given length.
*/
wxString& Truncate(size_t len);
-
+
//@}
/**
@member_group_name{iter, Iterator interface}
- These methods return iterators to the beginnnig or end of the string.
-
+ These methods return iterators to the beginning or end of the string.
+
Please see any STL reference (e.g. http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start)
for their documentation.
*/
//@{
-
+
const_iterator begin() const;
iterator begin();
const_iterator end() const;
reverse_iterator rbegin();
const_reverse_iterator rend() const;
reverse_iterator rend();
-
+
//@}
/**
@member_group_name{stl, STL interface}
- The supported STL functions are listed here.
-
+ The supported STL functions are listed here.
+
Please see any STL reference (e.g. http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start)
for their documentation.
*/
//@{
-
+
wxString& append(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
wxString& append(const wxString& str);
wxString& append(const char *sz, size_t n);
size_type size() const;
wxString substr(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos) const;
void swap(wxString& str);
-
+
//@}
-
+
// STATIC FUNCTIONS
- // Keep these functions separed from the other groups or Doxygen gets confused
+ // Keep these functions separated from the other groups or Doxygen gets confused
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
static wxString FromAscii(char c);
//@}
+ /**
+ Returns a string with the textual representation of the number in C
+ locale.
+
+ Unlike FromDouble() the string returned by this function always uses
+ the period character as decimal separator, independently of the current
+ locale. Otherwise its behaviour is identical to the other function.
+
+ @since 2.9.1
+
+ @see ToCDouble()
+ */
+ static wxString FromCDouble(double val, int precision = -1);
+
+ /**
+ Returns a string with the textual representation of the number.
+
+ For the default value of @a precision, this function behaves as a
+ simple wrapper for @code wxString::Format("%g", val) @endcode. If @a
+ precision is positive (or zero), the @c %.Nf format is used with the
+ given precision value.
+
+ Notice that the string returned by this function uses the decimal
+ separator appropriate for the current locale, e.g. @c "," and not a
+ period in French locale. Use FromCDouble() if this is unwanted.
+
+ @param val
+ The value to format.
+ @param precision
+ The number of fractional digits to use in or -1 to use the most
+ appropriate format. This parameter is new in wxWidgets 2.9.2.
+
+ @since 2.9.1
+
+ @see ToDouble()
+ */
+ static wxString FromDouble(double val, int precision = -1);
+
//@{
/**
Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString.
@code
wxString theAnswer;
- wxStringBuffer theAnswerBuffer(theAnswer, 1024);
+ wxStringBufferLength theAnswerBuffer(theAnswer, 1024);
int nLength = GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(theAnswerBuffer);
theAnswerBuffer.SetLength(nLength);
if ( theAnswer != "42" )
wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
@endcode
- @todo
- the example above does not make use of wxStringBufferLength??
-
Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
you can do:
@code
if (wxStringCheck<wxIsdigit>(myString))
- ... // the entire string contains oly digits!
+ ... // the entire string contains only digits!
else
... // at least one character of myString is not a digit
@endcode
projects / wxWidgets.git / blobdiff