fixing overrelease and out-of-bounds write, fixes #13725

[wxWidgets.git] / src / common / string.cpp

diff --git a/src/common/string.cpp b/src/common/string.cpp
index 8b83cf17fc8767d3bd6066b61931ee4c77bf3f21..3dea38ec671f18cb97e66c8eef8c9247224178f6 100644 (file)
--- a/src/common/string.cpp
+++ b/src/common/string.cpp
@@ -1,25 +1,15 @@
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Name:        string.cpp
+// Name:        src/common/string.cpp

 // Purpose:     wxString class
 // Purpose:     wxString class

-// Author:      Vadim Zeitlin
+// Author:      Vadim Zeitlin, Ryan Norton

 // Modified by:
 // Created:     29/01/98
 // RCS-ID:      $Id$
 // Copyright:   (c) 1998 Vadim Zeitlin <zeitlin@dptmaths.ens-cachan.fr>
 // Modified by:
 // Created:     29/01/98
 // RCS-ID:      $Id$
 // Copyright:   (c) 1998 Vadim Zeitlin <zeitlin@dptmaths.ens-cachan.fr>

-// Licence:     wxWindows license
+//              (c) 2004 Ryan Norton <wxprojects@comcast.net>
+// Licence:     wxWindows licence

 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 

-#ifdef __GNUG__
-  #pragma implementation "string.h"
-#endif
-
-/*
- * About ref counting:
- *  1) all empty strings use g_strEmpty, nRefs = -1 (set in Init())
- *  2) AllocBuffer() sets nRefs to 1, Lock() increments it by one
- *  3) Unlock() decrements nRefs and frees memory if it goes to 0
- */
-

 // ===========================================================================
 // headers, declarations, constants
 // ===========================================================================
 // ===========================================================================
 // headers, declarations, constants
 // ===========================================================================


@@ -28,494 +18,575 @@
 #include "wx/wxprec.h"
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 #include "wx/wxprec.h"
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__

-  #pragma hdrstop
+    #pragma hdrstop

 #endif
 
 #ifndef WX_PRECOMP
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WX_PRECOMP

-  #include "wx/defs.h"
-  #include "wx/string.h"
-  #include "wx/intl.h"
-  #include "wx/thread.h"
+    #include "wx/string.h"
+    #include "wx/wxcrtvararg.h"
+    #include "wx/intl.h"
+    #include "wx/log.h"

 #endif
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <ctype.h>

+
+#ifndef __WXWINCE__
+    #include <errno.h>
+#endif
+

 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 

-#ifdef __SALFORDC__
-  #include <clib.h>
-#endif
+#include "wx/hashmap.h"
+#include "wx/vector.h"
+#include "wx/xlocale.h"

 
 

-#if wxUSE_WCSRTOMBS
-  #include <wchar.h>    // for wcsrtombs(), see comments where it's used
-#endif // GNU
+#ifdef __WINDOWS__
+    #include "wx/msw/wrapwin.h"
+#endif // __WINDOWS__

 
 

-#ifdef  WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
-  IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(wxString, wxObject)
-#endif  //WXSTRING_IS_WXOBJECT
+#if wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM
+    #include <sstream>
+#endif

 
 

-#if wxUSE_UNICODE
-#undef wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF
-#define wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF 1
+// string handling functions used by wxString:
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    #define wxStringMemcpy   memcpy
+    #define wxStringMemcmp   memcmp
+    #define wxStringMemchr   memchr
+    #define wxStringStrlen   strlen
+#else
+    #define wxStringMemcpy   wxTmemcpy
+    #define wxStringMemcmp   wxTmemcmp
+    #define wxStringMemchr   wxTmemchr
+    #define wxStringStrlen   wxStrlen

 #endif
 
 #endif
 

-// allocating extra space for each string consumes more memory but speeds up
-// the concatenation operations (nLen is the current string's length)
-// NB: EXTRA_ALLOC must be >= 0!
-#define EXTRA_ALLOC       (19 - nLen % 16)
+// define a function declared in wx/buffer.h here as we don't have buffer.cpp
+// and don't want to add it just because of this simple function
+namespace wxPrivate
+{
+
+// wxXXXBuffer classes can be (implicitly) used during global statics
+// initialization so wrap the status UntypedBufferData variable in a function
+// to make it safe to access it even before all global statics are initialized
+UntypedBufferData *GetUntypedNullData()
+{
+    static UntypedBufferData s_untypedNullData(NULL, 0);
+
+    return &s_untypedNullData;
+}
+
+} // namespace wxPrivate

 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // static class variables definition
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // static class variables definition
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

-#ifdef  wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
-  const size_t wxString::npos = wxSTRING_MAXLEN;
-#endif // wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
+//According to STL _must_ be a -1 size_t
+const size_t wxString::npos = (size_t) -1;

 
 

-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// static data
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#if wxUSE_STRING_POS_CACHE

 
 

-// for an empty string, GetStringData() will return this address: this
-// structure has the same layout as wxStringData and it's data() method will
-// return the empty string (dummy pointer)
-static const struct
+#ifdef wxHAS_COMPILER_TLS
+
+wxTLS_TYPE(wxString::Cache) wxString::ms_cache;
+
+#else // !wxHAS_COMPILER_TLS
+
+struct wxStrCacheInitializer

 {
 {

-  wxStringData data;
-  wxChar dummy;
-} g_strEmpty = { {-1, 0, 0}, wxT('\0') };
+    wxStrCacheInitializer()
+    {
+        // calling this function triggers s_cache initialization in it, and
+        // from now on it becomes safe to call from multiple threads
+        wxString::GetCache();
+    }
+};

 
 

-// empty C style string: points to 'string data' byte of g_strEmpty
-extern const wxChar WXDLLEXPORT *wxEmptyString = &g_strEmpty.dummy;
+/*
+wxString::Cache& wxString::GetCache()
+{
+    static wxTLS_TYPE(Cache) s_cache;

 
 

-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// conditional compilation
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    return wxTLS_VALUE(s_cache);
+}
+*/

 
 

-#if !defined(__WXSW__) && wxUSE_UNICODE
-  #ifdef wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF
-    #undef wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF
-  #endif
-  #define wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF 1
-#endif
+static wxStrCacheInitializer gs_stringCacheInit;

 
 

-// we want to find out if the current platform supports vsnprintf()-like
-// function: for Unix this is done with configure, for Windows we test the
-// compiler explicitly.
-//
-// FIXME currently, this is only for ANSI (!Unicode) strings, so we call this
-//       function wxVsnprintfA (A for ANSI), should also find one for Unicode
-//       strings in Unicode build
-#ifdef __WXMSW__
-    #if (defined(__VISUALC__) || defined(wxUSE_NORLANDER_HEADERS)) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
-        #define wxVsnprintfA     _vsnprintf
-    #endif
-#else   // !Windows
-    #ifdef HAVE_VSNPRINTF
-        #define wxVsnprintfA       vsnprintf
-    #endif
-#endif  // Windows/!Windows
-
-#ifndef wxVsnprintfA
-    // in this case we'll use vsprintf() (which is ANSI and thus should be
-    // always available), but it's unsafe because it doesn't check for buffer
-    // size - so give a warning
-    #define wxVsnprintfA(buf, len, format, arg) vsprintf(buf, format, arg)
-
-    #if defined(__VISUALC__)
-        #pragma message("Using sprintf() because no snprintf()-like function defined")
-    #elif defined(__GNUG__) && !defined(__UNIX__)
-        #warning "Using sprintf() because no snprintf()-like function defined"
-    #elif defined(__MWERKS__)
-        #warning "Using sprintf() because no snprintf()-like function defined"
-    #endif //compiler
-#endif // no vsnprintf
-
-#ifdef _AIX
-  // AIX has vsnprintf, but there's no prototype in the system headers.
-  extern "C" int vsnprintf(char* str, size_t n, const char* format, va_list ap);
-#endif
+#endif // wxHAS_COMPILER_TLS/!wxHAS_COMPILER_TLS
+
+// gdb seems to be unable to display thread-local variables correctly, at least
+// not my 6.4.98 version under amd64, so provide this debugging helper to do it
+#if wxDEBUG_LEVEL >= 2
+
+struct wxStrCacheDumper
+{
+    static void ShowAll()
+    {
+        puts("*** wxString cache dump:");
+        for ( unsigned n = 0; n < wxString::Cache::SIZE; n++ )
+        {
+            const wxString::Cache::Element&
+                c = wxString::GetCacheBegin()[n];
+
+            printf("\t%u%s\t%p: pos=(%lu, %lu), len=%ld\n",
+                   n,
+                   n == wxString::LastUsedCacheElement() ? " [*]" : "",
+                   c.str,
+                   (unsigned long)c.pos,
+                   (unsigned long)c.impl,
+                   (long)c.len);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+void wxDumpStrCache() { wxStrCacheDumper::ShowAll(); }
+
+#endif // wxDEBUG_LEVEL >= 2
+
+#ifdef wxPROFILE_STRING_CACHE
+
+wxString::CacheStats wxString::ms_cacheStats;
+
+struct wxStrCacheStatsDumper
+{
+    ~wxStrCacheStatsDumper()
+    {
+        const wxString::CacheStats& stats = wxString::ms_cacheStats;
+
+        if ( stats.postot )
+        {
+            puts("*** wxString cache statistics:");
+            printf("\tTotal non-trivial calls to PosToImpl(): %u\n",
+                   stats.postot);
+            printf("\tHits %u (of which %u not used) or %.2f%%\n",
+                   stats.poshits,
+                   stats.mishits,
+                   100.*float(stats.poshits - stats.mishits)/stats.postot);
+            printf("\tAverage position requested: %.2f\n",
+                   float(stats.sumpos) / stats.postot);
+            printf("\tAverage offset after cached hint: %.2f\n",
+                   float(stats.sumofs) / stats.postot);
+        }
+
+        if ( stats.lentot )
+        {
+            printf("\tNumber of calls to length(): %u, hits=%.2f%%\n",
+                   stats.lentot, 100.*float(stats.lenhits)/stats.lentot);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+static wxStrCacheStatsDumper s_showCacheStats;
+
+#endif // wxPROFILE_STRING_CACHE
+
+#endif // wxUSE_STRING_POS_CACHE

 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // global functions
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // global functions
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

-#if defined(wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY) && wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM
+#if wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM

 
 

-// MS Visual C++ version 5.0 provides the new STL headers as well as the old
-// iostream ones.
-//
-// ATTN: you can _not_ use both of these in the same program!
+#include <iostream>

 
 

-istream& operator>>(istream& is, wxString& WXUNUSED(str))
+wxSTD ostream& operator<<(wxSTD ostream& os, const wxCStrData& str)

 {
 {

-#if 0
-  int w = is.width(0);
-  if ( is.ipfx(0) ) {
-    streambuf *sb = is.rdbuf();
-    str.erase();
-    while ( true ) {
-      int ch = sb->sbumpc ();
-      if ( ch == EOF ) {
-        is.setstate(ios::eofbit);
-        break;
-      }
-      else if ( isspace(ch) ) {
-        sb->sungetc();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      str += ch;
-      if ( --w == 1 )
-        break;
-    }
-  }
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE && !wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    const wxScopedCharBuffer buf(str.AsCharBuf());
+    if ( !buf )
+        os.clear(wxSTD ios_base::failbit);
+    else
+        os << buf.data();

 
 

-  is.isfx();
-  if ( str.length() == 0 )
-    is.setstate(ios::failbit);
+    return os;
+#else
+    return os << str.AsInternal();

 #endif
 #endif

-  return is;

 }
 
 }
 

-ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const wxString& str)
+wxSTD ostream& operator<<(wxSTD ostream& os, const wxString& str)

 {
 {

-  os << str.c_str();
-  return os;
+    return os << str.c_str();

 }
 
 }
 

-#endif  //std::string compatibility
+wxSTD ostream& operator<<(wxSTD ostream& os, const wxScopedCharBuffer& str)
+{
+    return os << str.data();
+}

 
 

-extern int WXDLLEXPORT wxVsnprintf(wxChar *buf, size_t len,
-                                   const wxChar *format, va_list argptr)
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__
+wxSTD ostream& operator<<(wxSTD ostream& os, const wxScopedWCharBuffer& str)

 {
 {

-#if wxUSE_UNICODE
-    // FIXME should use wvsnprintf() or whatever if it's available
-    wxString s;
-    int iLen = s.PrintfV(format, argptr);
-    if ( iLen != -1 )
-    {
-        wxStrncpy(buf, s.c_str(), iLen);
-    }
+    return os << str.data();
+}
+#endif

 
 

-    return iLen;
-#else // ANSI
-    // vsnprintf() will not terminate the string with '\0' if there is not
-    // enough place, but we want the string to always be NUL terminated
-    int rc = wxVsnprintfA(buf, len - 1, format, argptr);
-    if ( rc == -1 )
-    {
-        buf[len] = 0;
-    }
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE && defined(HAVE_WOSTREAM)

 
 

-    return rc;
-#endif // Unicode/ANSI
+wxSTD wostream& operator<<(wxSTD wostream& wos, const wxString& str)
+{
+    return wos << str.wc_str();

 }
 
 }
 

-extern int WXDLLEXPORT wxSnprintf(wxChar *buf, size_t len,
-                                  const wxChar *format, ...)
+wxSTD wostream& operator<<(wxSTD wostream& wos, const wxCStrData& str)

 {
 {

-    va_list argptr;
-    va_start(argptr, format);
-
-    int iLen = wxVsnprintf(buf, len, format, argptr);
-
-    va_end(argptr);
+    return wos << str.AsWChar();
+}

 
 

-    return iLen;
+wxSTD wostream& operator<<(wxSTD wostream& wos, const wxScopedWCharBuffer& str)
+{
+    return wos << str.data();

 }
 
 }
 

-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// private classes
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#endif  // wxUSE_UNICODE && defined(HAVE_WOSTREAM)

 
 

-// this small class is used to gather statistics for performance tuning
-//#define WXSTRING_STATISTICS
-#ifdef  WXSTRING_STATISTICS
-  class Averager
-  {
-  public:
-    Averager(const char *sz) { m_sz = sz; m_nTotal = m_nCount = 0; }
-   ~Averager()
-   { printf("wxString: average %s = %f\n", m_sz, ((float)m_nTotal)/m_nCount); }
-
-    void Add(size_t n) { m_nTotal += n; m_nCount++; }
-
-  private:
-    size_t m_nCount, m_nTotal;
-    const char *m_sz;
-  } g_averageLength("allocation size"),
-    g_averageSummandLength("summand length"),
-    g_averageConcatHit("hit probability in concat"),
-    g_averageInitialLength("initial string length");
-
-  #define STATISTICS_ADD(av, val) g_average##av.Add(val)
-#else
-  #define STATISTICS_ADD(av, val)
-#endif // WXSTRING_STATISTICS
+#endif // wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM

 
 // ===========================================================================
 // wxString class core
 // ===========================================================================
 
 
 // ===========================================================================
 // wxString class core
 // ===========================================================================
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// construction
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8

 
 

-// constructs string of <nLength> copies of character <ch>
-wxString::wxString(wxChar ch, size_t nLength)
+void wxString::PosLenToImpl(size_t pos, size_t len,
+                            size_t *implPos, size_t *implLen) const

 {
 {

-  Init();
-
-  if ( nLength > 0 ) {
-    AllocBuffer(nLength);
+    if ( pos == npos )
+    {
+        *implPos = npos;
+    }
+    else // have valid start position
+    {
+        const const_iterator b = GetIterForNthChar(pos);
+        *implPos = wxStringImpl::const_iterator(b.impl()) - m_impl.begin();
+        if ( len == npos )
+        {
+            *implLen = npos;
+        }
+        else // have valid length too
+        {
+            // we need to handle the case of length specifying a substring
+            // going beyond the end of the string, just as std::string does
+            const const_iterator e(end());
+            const_iterator i(b);
+            while ( len && i <= e )
+            {
+                ++i;
+                --len;
+            }

 
 

-#if wxUSE_UNICODE
-    // memset only works on char
-    for (size_t n=0; n<nLength; n++) m_pchData[n] = ch;
-#else
-    memset(m_pchData, ch, nLength);
-#endif
-  }
+            *implLen = i.impl() - b.impl();
+        }
+    }

 }
 
 }
 

-// takes nLength elements of psz starting at nPos
-void wxString::InitWith(const wxChar *psz, size_t nPos, size_t nLength)
-{
-  Init();
-
-  wxASSERT( nPos <= wxStrlen(psz) );
+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8

 
 

-  if ( nLength == wxSTRING_MAXLEN )
-    nLength = wxStrlen(psz + nPos);
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// wxCStrData converted strings caching
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
 

-  STATISTICS_ADD(InitialLength, nLength);
+// FIXME-UTF8: temporarily disabled because it doesn't work with global
+//             string objects; re-enable after fixing this bug and benchmarking
+//             performance to see if using a hash is a good idea at all
+#if 0

 
 

-  if ( nLength > 0 ) {
-    // trailing '\0' is written in AllocBuffer()
-    AllocBuffer(nLength);
-    memcpy(m_pchData, psz + nPos, nLength*sizeof(wxChar));
-  }
+// For backward compatibility reasons, it must be possible to assign the value
+// returned by wxString::c_str() to a char* or wchar_t* variable and work with
+// it. Returning wxCharBuffer from (const char*)c_str() wouldn't do the trick,
+// because the memory would be freed immediately, but it has to be valid as long
+// as the string is not modified, so that code like this still works:
+//
+// const wxChar *s = str.c_str();
+// while ( s ) { ... }
+
+// FIXME-UTF8: not thread safe!
+// FIXME-UTF8: we currently clear the cached conversion only when the string is
+//             destroyed, but we should do it when the string is modified, to
+//             keep memory usage down
+// FIXME-UTF8: we do the conversion every time As[W]Char() is called, but if we
+//             invalidated the cache on every change, we could keep the previous
+//             conversion
+// FIXME-UTF8: add tracing of usage of these two methods - new code is supposed
+//             to use mb_str() or wc_str() instead of (const [w]char*)c_str()
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline void DeleteStringFromConversionCache(T& hash, const wxString *s)
+{
+    typename T::iterator i = hash.find(wxConstCast(s, wxString));
+    if ( i != hash.end() )
+    {
+        free(i->second);
+        hash.erase(i);
+    }

 }
 
 }
 

-#ifdef  wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE
+// NB: non-STL implementation doesn't compile with "const wxString*" key type,
+//     so we have to use wxString* here and const-cast when used
+WX_DECLARE_HASH_MAP(wxString*, char*, wxPointerHash, wxPointerEqual,
+                    wxStringCharConversionCache);
+static wxStringCharConversionCache gs_stringsCharCache;

 
 

-// poor man's iterators are "void *" pointers
-wxString::wxString(const void *pStart, const void *pEnd)
+const char* wxCStrData::AsChar() const

 {
 {

-  InitWith((const wxChar *)pStart, 0,
-           (const wxChar *)pEnd - (const wxChar *)pStart);
-}
+    // remove previously cache value, if any (see FIXMEs above):
+    DeleteStringFromConversionCache(gs_stringsCharCache, m_str);

 
 

-#endif  //std::string compatibility
+    // convert the string and keep it:
+    const char *s = gs_stringsCharCache[wxConstCast(m_str, wxString)] =
+        m_str->mb_str().release();

 
 

-#if wxUSE_UNICODE
+    return s + m_offset;
+}
+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE
+
+#if !wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR
+WX_DECLARE_HASH_MAP(wxString*, wchar_t*, wxPointerHash, wxPointerEqual,
+                    wxStringWCharConversionCache);
+static wxStringWCharConversionCache gs_stringsWCharCache;

 
 

-// from multibyte string
-wxString::wxString(const char *psz, wxMBConv& conv, size_t nLength)
+const wchar_t* wxCStrData::AsWChar() const

 {
 {

-  // first get necessary size
-  size_t nLen = psz ? conv.MB2WC((wchar_t *) NULL, psz, 0) : 0;
+    // remove previously cache value, if any (see FIXMEs above):
+    DeleteStringFromConversionCache(gs_stringsWCharCache, m_str);

 
 

-  // nLength is number of *Unicode* characters here!
-  if ((nLen != (size_t)-1) && (nLen > nLength))
-    nLen = nLength;
+    // convert the string and keep it:
+    const wchar_t *s = gs_stringsWCharCache[wxConstCast(m_str, wxString)] =
+        m_str->wc_str().release();

 
 

-  // empty?
-  if ( (nLen != 0) && (nLen != (size_t)-1) ) {
-    AllocBuffer(nLen);
-    conv.MB2WC(m_pchData, psz, nLen);
-  }
-  else {
-    Init();
-  }
+    return s + m_offset;

 }
 }

+#endif // !wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR

 
 

-#else // ANSI
-
-#if wxUSE_WCHAR_T
-// from wide string
-wxString::wxString(const wchar_t *pwz)
+wxString::~wxString()

 {
 {

-  // first get necessary size
-  size_t nLen = pwz ? wxWC2MB((char *) NULL, pwz, 0) : 0;
-
-  // empty?
-  if ( (nLen != 0) && (nLen != (size_t)-1) ) {
-    AllocBuffer(nLen);
-    wxWC2MB(m_pchData, pwz, nLen);
-  }
-  else {
-    Init();
-  }
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE
+    // FIXME-UTF8: do this only if locale is not UTF8 if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    DeleteStringFromConversionCache(gs_stringsCharCache, this);
+#endif
+#if !wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR
+    DeleteStringFromConversionCache(gs_stringsWCharCache, this);
+#endif

 }
 }

-#endif // wxUSE_WCHAR_T
+#endif

 
 

-#endif // Unicode/ANSI
+// ===========================================================================
+// wxString class core
+// ===========================================================================

 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// memory allocation
+// construction and conversion

 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

-// allocates memory needed to store a C string of length nLen
-void wxString::AllocBuffer(size_t nLen)
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR
+/* static */
+wxString::SubstrBufFromMB wxString::ConvertStr(const char *psz, size_t nLength,
+                                               const wxMBConv& conv)

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( nLen >  0         );    //
-  wxASSERT( nLen <= INT_MAX-1 );    // max size (enough room for 1 extra)
+    // anything to do?
+    if ( !psz || nLength == 0 )
+        return SubstrBufFromMB(wxWCharBuffer(L""), 0);

 
 

-  STATISTICS_ADD(Length, nLen);
+    if ( nLength == npos )
+        nLength = wxNO_LEN;

 
 

-  // allocate memory:
-  // 1) one extra character for '\0' termination
-  // 2) sizeof(wxStringData) for housekeeping info
-  wxStringData* pData = (wxStringData*)
-    malloc(sizeof(wxStringData) + (nLen + EXTRA_ALLOC + 1)*sizeof(wxChar));
-  pData->nRefs        = 1;
-  pData->nDataLength  = nLen;
-  pData->nAllocLength = nLen + EXTRA_ALLOC;
-  m_pchData           = pData->data();  // data starts after wxStringData
-  m_pchData[nLen]     = wxT('\0');
+    size_t wcLen;
+    wxScopedWCharBuffer wcBuf(conv.cMB2WC(psz, nLength, &wcLen));
+    if ( !wcLen )
+        return SubstrBufFromMB(wxWCharBuffer(L""), 0);
+    else
+        return SubstrBufFromMB(wcBuf, wcLen);

 }
 }

+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR

 
 

-// must be called before changing this string
-void wxString::CopyBeforeWrite()
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+/* static */
+wxString::SubstrBufFromMB wxString::ConvertStr(const char *psz, size_t nLength,
+                                               const wxMBConv& conv)

 {
 {

-  wxStringData* pData = GetStringData();
+    // anything to do?
+    if ( !psz || nLength == 0 )
+        return SubstrBufFromMB(wxCharBuffer(""), 0);

 
 

-  if ( pData->IsShared() ) {
-    pData->Unlock();                // memory not freed because shared
-    size_t nLen = pData->nDataLength;
-    AllocBuffer(nLen);
-    memcpy(m_pchData, pData->data(), nLen*sizeof(wxChar));
-  }
+    // if psz is already in UTF-8, we don't have to do the roundtrip to
+    // wchar_t* and back:
+    if ( conv.IsUTF8() )
+    {
+        // we need to validate the input because UTF8 iterators assume valid
+        // UTF-8 sequence and psz may be invalid:
+        if ( wxStringOperations::IsValidUtf8String(psz, nLength) )
+        {
+            // we must pass the real string length to SubstrBufFromMB ctor
+            if ( nLength == npos )
+                nLength = psz ? strlen(psz) : 0;
+            return SubstrBufFromMB(wxScopedCharBuffer::CreateNonOwned(psz, nLength),
+                                   nLength);
+        }
+        // else: do the roundtrip through wchar_t*
+    }
+
+    if ( nLength == npos )
+        nLength = wxNO_LEN;

 
 

-  wxASSERT( !GetStringData()->IsShared() );  // we must be the only owner
+    // first convert to wide string:
+    size_t wcLen;
+    wxScopedWCharBuffer wcBuf(conv.cMB2WC(psz, nLength, &wcLen));
+    if ( !wcLen )
+        return SubstrBufFromMB(wxCharBuffer(""), 0);
+
+    // and then to UTF-8:
+    SubstrBufFromMB buf(ConvertStr(wcBuf, wcLen, wxMBConvStrictUTF8()));
+    // widechar -> UTF-8 conversion isn't supposed to ever fail:
+    wxASSERT_MSG( buf.data, wxT("conversion to UTF-8 failed") );
+
+    return buf;

 }
 }

+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8

 
 

-// must be called before replacing contents of this string
-void wxString::AllocBeforeWrite(size_t nLen)
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8 || !wxUSE_UNICODE
+/* static */
+wxString::SubstrBufFromWC wxString::ConvertStr(const wchar_t *pwz, size_t nLength,
+                                               const wxMBConv& conv)

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( nLen != 0 );  // doesn't make any sense
+    // anything to do?
+    if ( !pwz || nLength == 0 )
+        return SubstrBufFromWC(wxCharBuffer(""), 0);

 
 

-  // must not share string and must have enough space
-  wxStringData* pData = GetStringData();
-  if ( pData->IsShared() || pData->IsEmpty() ) {
-    // can't work with old buffer, get new one
-    pData->Unlock();
-    AllocBuffer(nLen);
-  }
-  else {
-    if ( nLen > pData->nAllocLength ) {
-      // realloc the buffer instead of calling malloc() again, this is more
-      // efficient
-      STATISTICS_ADD(Length, nLen);
-
-      nLen += EXTRA_ALLOC;
-
-      wxStringData *pDataOld = pData;
-      pData = (wxStringData*)
-          realloc(pData, sizeof(wxStringData) + (nLen + 1)*sizeof(wxChar));
-      if ( !pData ) {
-        // out of memory
-        free(pDataOld);
-
-        // FIXME we're going to crash...
-        return;
-      }
-
-      pData->nAllocLength = nLen;
-      m_pchData = pData->data();
+    if ( nLength == npos )
+        nLength = wxNO_LEN;
+
+    size_t mbLen;
+    wxScopedCharBuffer mbBuf(conv.cWC2MB(pwz, nLength, &mbLen));
+    if ( !mbLen )
+        return SubstrBufFromWC(wxCharBuffer(""), 0);
+    else
+        return SubstrBufFromWC(mbBuf, mbLen);
+}
+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8 || !wxUSE_UNICODE
+
+// This std::string::c_str()-like method returns a wide char pointer to string
+// contents. In wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR case it is trivial as it can simply return
+// a pointer to the internal representation. Otherwise a conversion is required
+// and it returns a temporary buffer.
+//
+// However for compatibility with c_str() and to avoid breaking existing code
+// doing
+//
+//      for ( const wchar_t *p = s.wc_str(); *p; p++ )
+//          ... use *p...
+//
+// we actually need to ensure that the returned buffer is _not_ temporary and
+// so we use wxString::m_convertedToWChar to store the returned data
+#if !wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR
+
+const wchar_t *wxString::AsWChar(const wxMBConv& conv) const
+{
+    const char * const strMB = m_impl.c_str();
+    const size_t lenMB = m_impl.length();
+
+    // find out the size of the buffer needed
+    const size_t lenWC = conv.ToWChar(NULL, 0, strMB, lenMB);
+    if ( lenWC == wxCONV_FAILED )
+        return NULL;
+
+    // keep the same buffer if the string size didn't change: this is not only
+    // an optimization but also ensure that code which modifies string
+    // character by character (without changing its length) can continue to use
+    // the pointer returned by a previous wc_str() call even after changing the
+    // string
+
+    // TODO-UTF8: we could check for ">" instead of "!=" here as this would
+    //            allow to save on buffer reallocations but at the cost of
+    //            consuming (even) more memory, we should benchmark this to
+    //            determine if it's worth doing
+    if ( !m_convertedToWChar.m_str || lenWC != m_convertedToWChar.m_len )
+    {
+        if ( !const_cast<wxString *>(this)->m_convertedToWChar.Extend(lenWC) )
+            return NULL;

     }
 
     }
 

-    // now we have enough space, just update the string length
-    pData->nDataLength = nLen;
-  }
+    // finally do convert
+    m_convertedToWChar.m_str[lenWC] = L'\0';
+    if ( conv.ToWChar(m_convertedToWChar.m_str, lenWC,
+                      strMB, lenMB) == wxCONV_FAILED )
+        return NULL;

 
 

-  wxASSERT( !GetStringData()->IsShared() );  // we must be the only owner
+    return m_convertedToWChar.m_str;

 }
 
 }
 

-// allocate enough memory for nLen characters
-void wxString::Alloc(size_t nLen)
-{
-  wxStringData *pData = GetStringData();
-  if ( pData->nAllocLength <= nLen ) {
-    if ( pData->IsEmpty() ) {
-      nLen += EXTRA_ALLOC;
+#endif // !wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR

 
 

-      wxStringData* pData = (wxStringData*)
-        malloc(sizeof(wxStringData) + (nLen + 1)*sizeof(wxChar));
-      pData->nRefs = 1;
-      pData->nDataLength = 0;
-      pData->nAllocLength = nLen;
-      m_pchData = pData->data();  // data starts after wxStringData
-      m_pchData[0u] = wxT('\0');
-    }
-    else if ( pData->IsShared() ) {
-      pData->Unlock();                // memory not freed because shared
-      size_t nOldLen = pData->nDataLength;
-      AllocBuffer(nLen);
-      memcpy(m_pchData, pData->data(), nOldLen*sizeof(wxChar));
-    }
-    else {
-      nLen += EXTRA_ALLOC;

 
 

-      wxStringData *pDataOld = pData;
-      wxStringData *p = (wxStringData *)
-        realloc(pData, sizeof(wxStringData) + (nLen + 1)*sizeof(wxChar));
+// Same thing for mb_str() which returns a normal char pointer to string
+// contents: this always requires converting it to the specified encoding in
+// non-ANSI build except if we need to convert to UTF-8 and this is what we
+// already use internally.
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE
+
+const char *wxString::AsChar(const wxMBConv& conv) const
+{
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    if ( conv.IsUTF8() )
+        return m_impl.c_str();

 
 

-      if ( p == NULL ) {
-        // don't leak memory
-        free(pDataOld);
+    const wchar_t * const strWC = AsWChar(wxMBConvStrictUTF8());
+    const size_t lenWC = m_convertedToWChar.m_len;
+#else // wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR
+    const wchar_t * const strWC = m_impl.c_str();
+    const size_t lenWC = m_impl.length();
+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8/wxUSE_UNICODE_WCHAR

 
 

-        // FIXME what to do on memory error?
-        return;
-      }
+    const size_t lenMB = conv.FromWChar(NULL, 0, strWC, lenWC);
+    if ( lenMB == wxCONV_FAILED )
+        return NULL;

 
 

-      // it's not important if the pointer changed or not (the check for this
-      // is not faster than assigning to m_pchData in all cases)
-      p->nAllocLength = nLen;
-      m_pchData = p->data();
+    if ( !m_convertedToChar.m_str || lenMB != m_convertedToChar.m_len )
+    {
+        if ( !const_cast<wxString *>(this)->m_convertedToChar.Extend(lenMB) )
+            return NULL;

     }
     }

-  }
-  //else: we've already got enough
-}

 
 

-// shrink to minimal size (releasing extra memory)
-void wxString::Shrink()
-{
-  wxStringData *pData = GetStringData();
+    m_convertedToChar.m_str[lenMB] = '\0';
+    if ( conv.FromWChar(m_convertedToChar.m_str, lenMB,
+                        strWC, lenWC) == wxCONV_FAILED )
+        return NULL;

 
 

-  // this variable is unused in release build, so avoid the compiler warning
-  // by just not declaring it
-#ifdef __WXDEBUG__
-  void *p =
-#endif
-  realloc(pData, sizeof(wxStringData) + (pData->nDataLength + 1)*sizeof(wxChar));
+    return m_convertedToChar.m_str;
+}

 
 

-  // we rely on a reasonable realloc() implementation here - so far I haven't
-  // seen any which wouldn't behave like this
+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE

 
 

-  wxASSERT( p != NULL );  // can't free memory?
-  wxASSERT( p == pData ); // we're decrementing the size - block shouldn't move!
+// shrink to minimal size (releasing extra memory)
+bool wxString::Shrink()
+{
+  wxString tmp(begin(), end());
+  swap(tmp);
+  return tmp.length() == length();

 }
 
 }
 

-// get the pointer to writable buffer of (at least) nLen bytes
-wxChar *wxString::GetWriteBuf(size_t nLen)
+// deprecated compatibility code:
+#if WXWIN_COMPATIBILITY_2_8 && !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING && !wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+wxStringCharType *wxString::GetWriteBuf(size_t nLen)

 {
 {

-  AllocBeforeWrite(nLen);
-
-  wxASSERT( GetStringData()->nRefs == 1 );
-  GetStringData()->Validate(FALSE);
-
-  return m_pchData;
+    return DoGetWriteBuf(nLen);

 }
 
 }
 

-// put string back in a reasonable state after GetWriteBuf

 void wxString::UngetWriteBuf()
 {
 void wxString::UngetWriteBuf()
 {

-  GetStringData()->nDataLength = wxStrlen(m_pchData);
-  GetStringData()->Validate(TRUE);
+    DoUngetWriteBuf();
+}
+
+void wxString::UngetWriteBuf(size_t nLen)
+{
+    DoUngetWriteBuf(nLen);

 }
 }

+#endif // WXWIN_COMPATIBILITY_2_8 && !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING && !wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+

 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // data access
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // data access


@@ -524,1553 +595,1732 @@ void wxString::UngetWriteBuf()
 // all functions are inline in string.h
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // all functions are inline in string.h
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// assignment operators
+// concatenation operators

 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

-// helper function: does real copy
-void wxString::AssignCopy(size_t nSrcLen, const wxChar *pszSrcData)
-{
-  if ( nSrcLen == 0 ) {
-    Reinit();
-  }
-  else {
-    AllocBeforeWrite(nSrcLen);
-    memcpy(m_pchData, pszSrcData, nSrcLen*sizeof(wxChar));
-    GetStringData()->nDataLength = nSrcLen;
-    m_pchData[nSrcLen] = wxT('\0');
-  }
-}
+/*
+ * concatenation functions come in 5 flavours:
+ *  string + string
+ *  char   + string      and      string + char
+ *  C str  + string      and      string + C str
+ */

 
 

-// assigns one string to another
-wxString& wxString::operator=(const wxString& stringSrc)
+wxString operator+(const wxString& str1, const wxString& str2)

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( stringSrc.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+    wxASSERT( str1.IsValid() );
+    wxASSERT( str2.IsValid() );
+#endif

 
 

-  // don't copy string over itself
-  if ( m_pchData != stringSrc.m_pchData ) {
-    if ( stringSrc.GetStringData()->IsEmpty() ) {
-      Reinit();
-    }
-    else {
-      // adjust references
-      GetStringData()->Unlock();
-      m_pchData = stringSrc.m_pchData;
-      GetStringData()->Lock();
-    }
-  }
+    wxString s = str1;
+    s += str2;

 
 

-  return *this;
+    return s;

 }
 
 }
 

-// assigns a single character
-wxString& wxString::operator=(wxChar ch)
+wxString operator+(const wxString& str, wxUniChar ch)

 {
 {

-  AssignCopy(1, &ch);
-  return *this;
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+    wxASSERT( str.IsValid() );
+#endif
+
+    wxString s = str;
+    s += ch;
+
+    return s;

 }
 
 }
 

-// assigns C string
-wxString& wxString::operator=(const wxChar *psz)
+wxString operator+(wxUniChar ch, const wxString& str)

 {
 {

-  AssignCopy(wxStrlen(psz), psz);
-  return *this;
-}
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+    wxASSERT( str.IsValid() );
+#endif

 
 

-#if !wxUSE_UNICODE
+    wxString s = ch;
+    s += str;

 
 

-// same as 'signed char' variant
-wxString& wxString::operator=(const unsigned char* psz)
-{
-  *this = (const char *)psz;
-  return *this;
+    return s;

 }
 
 }
 

-#if wxUSE_WCHAR_T
-wxString& wxString::operator=(const wchar_t *pwz)
+wxString operator+(const wxString& str, const char *psz)

 {
 {

-  wxString str(pwz);
-  *this = str;
-  return *this;
-}
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+    wxASSERT( str.IsValid() );

 #endif
 
 #endif
 

-#endif
+    wxString s;
+    if ( !s.Alloc(strlen(psz) + str.length()) ) {
+        wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("out of memory in wxString::operator+") );
+    }
+    s += str;
+    s += psz;

 
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// string concatenation
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    return s;
+}

 
 

-// add something to this string
-void wxString::ConcatSelf(int nSrcLen, const wxChar *pszSrcData)
+wxString operator+(const wxString& str, const wchar_t *pwz)

 {
 {

-  STATISTICS_ADD(SummandLength, nSrcLen);
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+    wxASSERT( str.IsValid() );
+#endif

 
 

-  // concatenating an empty string is a NOP
-  if ( nSrcLen > 0 ) {
-    wxStringData *pData = GetStringData();
-    size_t nLen = pData->nDataLength;
-    size_t nNewLen = nLen + nSrcLen;
+    wxString s;
+    if ( !s.Alloc(wxWcslen(pwz) + str.length()) ) {
+        wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("out of memory in wxString::operator+") );
+    }
+    s += str;
+    s += pwz;

 
 

-    // alloc new buffer if current is too small
-    if ( pData->IsShared() ) {
-      STATISTICS_ADD(ConcatHit, 0);
+    return s;
+}

 
 

-      // we have to allocate another buffer
-      wxStringData* pOldData = GetStringData();
-      AllocBuffer(nNewLen);
-      memcpy(m_pchData, pOldData->data(), nLen*sizeof(wxChar));
-      pOldData->Unlock();
-    }
-    else if ( nNewLen > pData->nAllocLength ) {
-      STATISTICS_ADD(ConcatHit, 0);
+wxString operator+(const char *psz, const wxString& str)
+{
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+    wxASSERT( str.IsValid() );
+#endif

 
 

-      // we have to grow the buffer
-      Alloc(nNewLen);
+    wxString s;
+    if ( !s.Alloc(strlen(psz) + str.length()) ) {
+        wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("out of memory in wxString::operator+") );

     }
     }

-    else {
-      STATISTICS_ADD(ConcatHit, 1);
+    s = psz;
+    s += str;

 
 

-      // the buffer is already big enough
-    }
+    return s;
+}

 
 

-    // should be enough space
-    wxASSERT( nNewLen <= GetStringData()->nAllocLength );
+wxString operator+(const wchar_t *pwz, const wxString& str)
+{
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+    wxASSERT( str.IsValid() );
+#endif

 
 

-    // fast concatenation - all is done in our buffer
-    memcpy(m_pchData + nLen, pszSrcData, nSrcLen*sizeof(wxChar));
+    wxString s;
+    if ( !s.Alloc(wxWcslen(pwz) + str.length()) ) {
+        wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("out of memory in wxString::operator+") );
+    }
+    s = pwz;
+    s += str;

 
 

-    m_pchData[nNewLen] = wxT('\0');          // put terminating '\0'
-    GetStringData()->nDataLength = nNewLen; // and fix the length
-  }
-  //else: the string to append was empty
+    return s;

 }
 
 }
 

-/*
- * concatenation functions come in 5 flavours:
- *  string + string
- *  char   + string      and      string + char
- *  C str  + string      and      string + C str
- */
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// string comparison
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
 

-wxString operator+(const wxString& string1, const wxString& string2)
+bool wxString::IsSameAs(wxUniChar c, bool compareWithCase) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( string1.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
-  wxASSERT( string2.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
+    return (length() == 1) && (compareWithCase ? GetChar(0u) == c
+                               : wxToupper(GetChar(0u)) == wxToupper(c));
+}

 
 

-  wxString s = string1;
-  s += string2;
+#ifdef HAVE_STD_STRING_COMPARE

 
 

-  return s;
-}
+// NB: Comparison code (both if HAVE_STD_STRING_COMPARE and if not) works with
+//     UTF-8 encoded strings too, thanks to UTF-8's design which allows us to
+//     sort strings in characters code point order by sorting the byte sequence
+//     in byte values order (i.e. what strcmp() and memcmp() do).

 
 

-wxString operator+(const wxString& string, wxChar ch)
+int wxString::compare(const wxString& str) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( string.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
-
-  wxString s = string;
-  s += ch;
+    return m_impl.compare(str.m_impl);
+}

 
 

-  return s;
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const wxString& str) const
+{
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);
+    return m_impl.compare(pos, len, str.m_impl);

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString operator+(wxChar ch, const wxString& string)
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const wxString& str,
+                      size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( string.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);

 
 

-  wxString s = ch;
-  s += string;
+    size_t pos2, len2;
+    str.PosLenToImpl(nStart2, nLen2, &pos2, &len2);

 
 

-  return s;
+    return m_impl.compare(pos, len, str.m_impl, pos2, len2);

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString operator+(const wxString& string, const wxChar *psz)
+int wxString::compare(const char* sz) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( string.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
-
-  wxString s;
-  s.Alloc(wxStrlen(psz) + string.Len());
-  s = string;
-  s += psz;
+    return m_impl.compare(ImplStr(sz));
+}

 
 

-  return s;
+int wxString::compare(const wchar_t* sz) const
+{
+    return m_impl.compare(ImplStr(sz));

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString operator+(const wxChar *psz, const wxString& string)
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const char* sz, size_t nCount) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( string.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);

 
 

-  wxString s;
-  s.Alloc(wxStrlen(psz) + string.Len());
-  s = psz;
-  s += string;
+    SubstrBufFromMB str(ImplStr(sz, nCount));

 
 

-  return s;
+    return m_impl.compare(pos, len, str.data, str.len);

 }
 
 }
 

-// ===========================================================================
-// other common string functions
-// ===========================================================================
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount) const
+{
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);

 
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// simple sub-string extraction
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    SubstrBufFromWC str(ImplStr(sz, nCount));

 
 

-// helper function: clone the data attached to this string
-void wxString::AllocCopy(wxString& dest, int nCopyLen, int nCopyIndex) const
-{
-  if ( nCopyLen == 0 ) {
-    dest.Init();
-  }
-  else {
-    dest.AllocBuffer(nCopyLen);
-    memcpy(dest.m_pchData, m_pchData + nCopyIndex, nCopyLen*sizeof(wxChar));
-  }
+    return m_impl.compare(pos, len, str.data, str.len);

 }
 
 }
 

-// extract string of length nCount starting at nFirst
-wxString wxString::Mid(size_t nFirst, size_t nCount) const
-{
-  wxStringData *pData = GetStringData();
-  size_t nLen = pData->nDataLength;
+#else // !HAVE_STD_STRING_COMPARE

 
 

-  // default value of nCount is wxSTRING_MAXLEN and means "till the end"
-  if ( nCount == wxSTRING_MAXLEN )
-  {
-    nCount = nLen - nFirst;
-  }
+static inline int wxDoCmp(const wxStringCharType* s1, size_t l1,
+                          const wxStringCharType* s2, size_t l2)
+{
+    if( l1 == l2 )
+        return wxStringMemcmp(s1, s2, l1);
+    else if( l1 < l2 )
+    {
+        int ret = wxStringMemcmp(s1, s2, l1);
+        return ret == 0 ? -1 : ret;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int ret = wxStringMemcmp(s1, s2, l2);
+        return ret == 0 ? +1 : ret;
+    }
+}

 
 

-  // out-of-bounds requests return sensible things
-  if ( nFirst + nCount > nLen )
-  {
-    nCount = nLen - nFirst;
-  }
+int wxString::compare(const wxString& str) const
+{
+    return ::wxDoCmp(m_impl.data(), m_impl.length(),
+                     str.m_impl.data(), str.m_impl.length());
+}

 
 

-  if ( nFirst > nLen )
-  {
-    // AllocCopy() will return empty string
-    nCount = 0;
-  }
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const wxString& str) const
+{
+    wxASSERT(nStart <= length());
+    size_type strLen = length() - nStart;
+    nLen = strLen < nLen ? strLen : nLen;

 
 

-  wxString dest;
-  AllocCopy(dest, nCount, nFirst);
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);

 
 

-  return dest;
+    return ::wxDoCmp(m_impl.data() + pos,  len,
+                     str.m_impl.data(), str.m_impl.length());

 }
 
 }
 

-// extract nCount last (rightmost) characters
-wxString wxString::Right(size_t nCount) const
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const wxString& str,
+                      size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const

 {
 {

-  if ( nCount > (size_t)GetStringData()->nDataLength )
-    nCount = GetStringData()->nDataLength;
+    wxASSERT(nStart <= length());
+    wxASSERT(nStart2 <= str.length());
+    size_type strLen  =     length() - nStart,
+              strLen2 = str.length() - nStart2;
+    nLen  = strLen  < nLen  ? strLen  : nLen;
+    nLen2 = strLen2 < nLen2 ? strLen2 : nLen2;

 
 

-  wxString dest;
-  AllocCopy(dest, nCount, GetStringData()->nDataLength - nCount);
-  return dest;
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);
+    size_t pos2, len2;
+    str.PosLenToImpl(nStart2, nLen2, &pos2, &len2);
+
+    return ::wxDoCmp(m_impl.data() + pos, len,
+                     str.m_impl.data() + pos2, len2);

 }
 
 }
 

-// get all characters after the last occurence of ch
-// (returns the whole string if ch not found)
-wxString wxString::AfterLast(wxChar ch) const
+int wxString::compare(const char* sz) const

 {
 {

-  wxString str;
-  int iPos = Find(ch, TRUE);
-  if ( iPos == wxNOT_FOUND )
-    str = *this;
-  else
-    str = c_str() + iPos + 1;
-
-  return str;
+    SubstrBufFromMB str(ImplStr(sz, npos));
+    if ( str.len == npos )
+        str.len = wxStringStrlen(str.data);
+    return ::wxDoCmp(m_impl.data(), m_impl.length(), str.data, str.len);

 }
 
 }
 

-// extract nCount first (leftmost) characters
-wxString wxString::Left(size_t nCount) const
+int wxString::compare(const wchar_t* sz) const

 {
 {

-  if ( nCount > (size_t)GetStringData()->nDataLength )
-    nCount = GetStringData()->nDataLength;
-
-  wxString dest;
-  AllocCopy(dest, nCount, 0);
-  return dest;
+    SubstrBufFromWC str(ImplStr(sz, npos));
+    if ( str.len == npos )
+        str.len = wxStringStrlen(str.data);
+    return ::wxDoCmp(m_impl.data(), m_impl.length(), str.data, str.len);

 }
 
 }
 

-// get all characters before the first occurence of ch
-// (returns the whole string if ch not found)
-wxString wxString::BeforeFirst(wxChar ch) const
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const char* sz, size_t nCount) const

 {
 {

-  wxString str;
-  for ( const wxChar *pc = m_pchData; *pc != wxT('\0') && *pc != ch; pc++ )
-    str += *pc;
+    wxASSERT(nStart <= length());
+    size_type strLen = length() - nStart;
+    nLen = strLen < nLen ? strLen : nLen;

 
 

-  return str;
-}
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);

 
 

-/// get all characters before the last occurence of ch
-/// (returns empty string if ch not found)
-wxString wxString::BeforeLast(wxChar ch) const
-{
-  wxString str;
-  int iPos = Find(ch, TRUE);
-  if ( iPos != wxNOT_FOUND && iPos != 0 )
-    str = wxString(c_str(), iPos);
+    SubstrBufFromMB str(ImplStr(sz, nCount));
+    if ( str.len == npos )
+        str.len = wxStringStrlen(str.data);

 
 

-  return str;
+    return ::wxDoCmp(m_impl.data() + pos, len, str.data, str.len);

 }
 
 }
 

-/// get all characters after the first occurence of ch
-/// (returns empty string if ch not found)
-wxString wxString::AfterFirst(wxChar ch) const
+int wxString::compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                      const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount) const

 {
 {

-  wxString str;
-  int iPos = Find(ch);
-  if ( iPos != wxNOT_FOUND )
-    str = c_str() + iPos + 1;
+    wxASSERT(nStart <= length());
+    size_type strLen = length() - nStart;
+    nLen = strLen < nLen ? strLen : nLen;

 
 

-  return str;
-}
+    size_t pos, len;
+    PosLenToImpl(nStart, nLen, &pos, &len);

 
 

-// replace first (or all) occurences of some substring with another one
-size_t wxString::Replace(const wxChar *szOld, const wxChar *szNew, bool bReplaceAll)
-{
-  size_t uiCount = 0;   // count of replacements made
+    SubstrBufFromWC str(ImplStr(sz, nCount));
+    if ( str.len == npos )
+        str.len = wxStringStrlen(str.data);

 
 

-  size_t uiOldLen = wxStrlen(szOld);
+    return ::wxDoCmp(m_impl.data() + pos, len, str.data, str.len);
+}

 
 

-  wxString strTemp;
-  const wxChar *pCurrent = m_pchData;
-  const wxChar *pSubstr;
-  while ( *pCurrent != wxT('\0') ) {
-    pSubstr = wxStrstr(pCurrent, szOld);
-    if ( pSubstr == NULL ) {
-      // strTemp is unused if no replacements were made, so avoid the copy
-      if ( uiCount == 0 )
-        return 0;
+#endif // HAVE_STD_STRING_COMPARE/!HAVE_STD_STRING_COMPARE

 
 

-      strTemp += pCurrent;    // copy the rest
-      break;                  // exit the loop
-    }
-    else {
-      // take chars before match
-      strTemp.ConcatSelf(pSubstr - pCurrent, pCurrent);
-      strTemp += szNew;
-      pCurrent = pSubstr + uiOldLen;  // restart after match
-
-      uiCount++;
-
-      // stop now?
-      if ( !bReplaceAll ) {
-        strTemp += pCurrent;    // copy the rest
-        break;                  // exit the loop
-      }
-    }
-  }

 
 

-  // only done if there were replacements, otherwise would have returned above
-  *this = strTemp;
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// find_{first,last}_[not]_of functions
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
 

-  return uiCount;
-}
+#if !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING || wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8

 
 

-bool wxString::IsAscii() const
-{
-  const wxChar *s = (const wxChar*) *this;
-  while(*s){
-    if(!isascii(*s)) return(FALSE);
-    s++;
-  }
-  return(TRUE);
-}
+// NB: All these functions are implemented  with the argument being wxChar*,
+//     i.e. widechar string in any Unicode build, even though native string
+//     representation is char* in the UTF-8 build. This is because we couldn't
+//     use memchr() to determine if a character is in a set encoded as UTF-8.

 
 

-bool wxString::IsWord() const
+size_t wxString::find_first_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const

 {
 {

-  const wxChar *s = (const wxChar*) *this;
-  while(*s){
-    if(!wxIsalpha(*s)) return(FALSE);
-    s++;
-  }
-  return(TRUE);
+    return find_first_of(sz, nStart, wxStrlen(sz));

 }
 
 }
 

-bool wxString::IsNumber() const
+size_t wxString::find_first_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const

 {
 {

-  const wxChar *s = (const wxChar*) *this;
-  while(*s){
-    if(!wxIsdigit(*s)) return(FALSE);
-    s++;
-  }
-  return(TRUE);
+    return find_first_not_of(sz, nStart, wxStrlen(sz));

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString wxString::Strip(stripType w) const
+size_t wxString::find_first_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const

 {
 {

-    wxString s = *this;
-    if ( w & leading ) s.Trim(FALSE);
-    if ( w & trailing ) s.Trim(TRUE);
-    return s;
-}
+    wxASSERT_MSG( nStart <= length(),  wxT("invalid index") );

 
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// case conversion
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    size_t idx = nStart;
+    for ( const_iterator i = begin() + nStart; i != end(); ++idx, ++i )
+    {
+        if ( wxTmemchr(sz, *i, n) )
+            return idx;
+    }

 
 

-wxString& wxString::MakeUpper()
+    return npos;
+}
+
+size_t wxString::find_first_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const

 {
 {

-  CopyBeforeWrite();
+    wxASSERT_MSG( nStart <= length(),  wxT("invalid index") );

 
 

-  for ( wxChar *p = m_pchData; *p; p++ )
-    *p = (wxChar)wxToupper(*p);
+    size_t idx = nStart;
+    for ( const_iterator i = begin() + nStart; i != end(); ++idx, ++i )
+    {
+        if ( !wxTmemchr(sz, *i, n) )
+            return idx;
+    }

 
 

-  return *this;
+    return npos;

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString& wxString::MakeLower()
-{
-  CopyBeforeWrite();
-
-  for ( wxChar *p = m_pchData; *p; p++ )
-    *p = (wxChar)wxTolower(*p);

 
 

-  return *this;
+size_t wxString::find_last_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const
+{
+    return find_last_of(sz, nStart, wxStrlen(sz));

 }
 
 }
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// trimming and padding
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t wxString::find_last_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const
+{
+    return find_last_not_of(sz, nStart, wxStrlen(sz));
+}

 
 

-// trims spaces (in the sense of isspace) from left or right side
-wxString& wxString::Trim(bool bFromRight)
+size_t wxString::find_last_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const

 {
 {

-  // first check if we're going to modify the string at all
-  if ( !IsEmpty() &&
-       (
-        (bFromRight && wxIsspace(GetChar(Len() - 1))) ||
-        (!bFromRight && wxIsspace(GetChar(0u)))
-       )
-     )
-  {
-    // ok, there is at least one space to trim
-    CopyBeforeWrite();
+    size_t len = length();

 
 

-    if ( bFromRight )
+    if ( nStart == npos )

     {
     {

-      // find last non-space character
-      wxChar *psz = m_pchData + GetStringData()->nDataLength - 1;
-      while ( wxIsspace(*psz) && (psz >= m_pchData) )
-        psz--;
-
-      // truncate at trailing space start
-      *++psz = wxT('\0');
-      GetStringData()->nDataLength = psz - m_pchData;
+        nStart = len - 1;

     }
     else
     {
     }
     else
     {

-      // find first non-space character
-      const wxChar *psz = m_pchData;
-      while ( wxIsspace(*psz) )
-        psz++;
-
-      // fix up data and length
-      int nDataLength = GetStringData()->nDataLength - (psz - (const wxChar*) m_pchData);
-      memmove(m_pchData, psz, (nDataLength + 1)*sizeof(wxChar));
-      GetStringData()->nDataLength = nDataLength;
+        wxASSERT_MSG( nStart <= len, wxT("invalid index") );

     }
     }

-  }

 
 

-  return *this;
+    size_t idx = nStart;
+    for ( const_reverse_iterator i = rbegin() + (len - nStart - 1);
+          i != rend(); --idx, ++i )
+    {
+        if ( wxTmemchr(sz, *i, n) )
+            return idx;
+    }
+
+    return npos;

 }
 
 }
 

-// adds nCount characters chPad to the string from either side
-wxString& wxString::Pad(size_t nCount, wxChar chPad, bool bFromRight)
+size_t wxString::find_last_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const

 {
 {

-  wxString s(chPad, nCount);
+    size_t len = length();

 
 

-  if ( bFromRight )
-    *this += s;
-  else
-  {
-    s += *this;
-    *this = s;
-  }
+    if ( nStart == npos )
+    {
+        nStart = len - 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        wxASSERT_MSG( nStart <= len, wxT("invalid index") );
+    }

 
 

-  return *this;
+    size_t idx = nStart;
+    for ( const_reverse_iterator i = rbegin() + (len - nStart - 1);
+          i != rend(); --idx, ++i )
+    {
+        if ( !wxTmemchr(sz, *i, n) )
+            return idx;
+    }
+
+    return npos;

 }
 
 }
 

-// truncate the string
-wxString& wxString::Truncate(size_t uiLen)
+size_t wxString::find_first_not_of(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart) const

 {
 {

-  if ( uiLen < Len() ) {
-    CopyBeforeWrite();
+    wxASSERT_MSG( nStart <= length(),  wxT("invalid index") );

 
 

-    *(m_pchData + uiLen) = wxT('\0');
-    GetStringData()->nDataLength = uiLen;
-  }
-  //else: nothing to do, string is already short enough
+    size_t idx = nStart;
+    for ( const_iterator i = begin() + nStart; i != end(); ++idx, ++i )
+    {
+        if ( *i != ch )
+            return idx;
+    }

 
 

-  return *this;
+    return npos;

 }
 
 }
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// finding (return wxNOT_FOUND if not found and index otherwise)
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// find a character
-int wxString::Find(wxChar ch, bool bFromEnd) const
+size_t wxString::find_last_not_of(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart) const

 {
 {

-  const wxChar *psz = bFromEnd ? wxStrrchr(m_pchData, ch) : wxStrchr(m_pchData, ch);
+    size_t len = length();

 
 

-  return (psz == NULL) ? wxNOT_FOUND : psz - (const wxChar*) m_pchData;
-}
+    if ( nStart == npos )
+    {
+        nStart = len - 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        wxASSERT_MSG( nStart <= len, wxT("invalid index") );
+    }

 
 

-// find a sub-string (like strstr)
-int wxString::Find(const wxChar *pszSub) const
-{
-  const wxChar *psz = wxStrstr(m_pchData, pszSub);
+    size_t idx = nStart;
+    for ( const_reverse_iterator i = rbegin() + (len - nStart - 1);
+          i != rend(); --idx, ++i )
+    {
+        if ( *i != ch )
+            return idx;
+    }

 
 

-  return (psz == NULL) ? wxNOT_FOUND : psz - (const wxChar*) m_pchData;
+    return npos;

 }
 
 }
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// stream-like operators
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-wxString& wxString::operator<<(int i)
-{
-    wxString res;
-    res.Printf(wxT("%d"), i);
+// the functions above were implemented for wchar_t* arguments in Unicode
+// build and char* in ANSI build; below are implementations for the other
+// version:
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE
+    #define wxOtherCharType char
+    #define STRCONV         (const wxChar*)wxConvLibc.cMB2WC
+#else
+    #define wxOtherCharType wchar_t
+    #define STRCONV         (const wxChar*)wxConvLibc.cWC2MB
+#endif

 
 

-    return (*this) << res;
-}
+size_t wxString::find_first_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart) const
+    { return find_first_of(STRCONV(sz), nStart); }
+
+size_t wxString::find_first_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart,
+                               size_t n) const
+    { return find_first_of(STRCONV(sz, n, NULL), nStart, n); }
+size_t wxString::find_last_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart) const
+    { return find_last_of(STRCONV(sz), nStart); }
+size_t wxString::find_last_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart,
+                              size_t n) const
+    { return find_last_of(STRCONV(sz, n, NULL), nStart, n); }
+size_t wxString::find_first_not_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart) const
+    { return find_first_not_of(STRCONV(sz), nStart); }
+size_t wxString::find_first_not_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart,
+                                   size_t n) const
+    { return find_first_not_of(STRCONV(sz, n, NULL), nStart, n); }
+size_t wxString::find_last_not_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart) const
+    { return find_last_not_of(STRCONV(sz), nStart); }
+size_t wxString::find_last_not_of(const wxOtherCharType* sz, size_t nStart,
+                                  size_t n) const
+    { return find_last_not_of(STRCONV(sz, n, NULL), nStart, n); }
+
+#undef wxOtherCharType
+#undef STRCONV
+
+#endif // !wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING || wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// other common string functions
+// ===========================================================================

 
 

-wxString& wxString::operator<<(float f)
+int wxString::CmpNoCase(const wxString& s) const

 {
 {

-    wxString res;
-    res.Printf(wxT("%f"), f);
+#if !wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    // We compare NUL-delimited chunks of the strings inside the loop. We will
+    // do as many iterations as there are embedded NULs in the string, i.e.
+    // usually we will run it just once.

 
 

-    return (*this) << res;
-}
+    typedef const wxStringImpl::value_type *pchar_type;
+    const pchar_type thisBegin = m_impl.c_str();
+    const pchar_type thatBegin = s.m_impl.c_str();

 
 

-wxString& wxString::operator<<(double d)
-{
-    wxString res;
-    res.Printf(wxT("%g"), d);
+    const pchar_type thisEnd = thisBegin + m_impl.length();
+    const pchar_type thatEnd = thatBegin + s.m_impl.length();

 
 

-    return (*this) << res;
-}
+    pchar_type thisCur = thisBegin;
+    pchar_type thatCur = thatBegin;

 
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// formatted output
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    int rc;
+    for ( ;; )
+    {
+        // Compare until the next NUL, if the strings differ this is the final
+        // result.
+        rc = wxStricmp(thisCur, thatCur);
+        if ( rc )
+            break;
+
+        const size_t lenChunk = wxStrlen(thisCur);
+        thisCur += lenChunk;
+        thatCur += lenChunk;
+
+        // Skip all the NULs as wxStricmp() doesn't handle them.
+        for ( ; !*thisCur; thisCur++, thatCur++ )
+        {
+            // Check if we exhausted either of the strings.
+            if ( thisCur == thisEnd )
+            {
+                // This one is exhausted, is the other one too?
+                return thatCur == thatEnd ? 0 : -1;
+            }

 
 

-int wxString::Printf(const wxChar *pszFormat, ...)
-{
-  va_list argptr;
-  va_start(argptr, pszFormat);
-
-  int iLen = PrintfV(pszFormat, argptr);
-
-  va_end(argptr);
-
-  return iLen;
-}
-
-int wxString::PrintfV(const wxChar* pszFormat, va_list argptr)
-{
-#if wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF
-  // the new implementation
-
-  // buffer to avoid dynamic memory allocation each time for small strings
-  char szScratch[1024];
-
-  Reinit();
-  for (size_t n = 0; pszFormat[n]; n++)
-    if (pszFormat[n] == wxT('%')) {
-      static char s_szFlags[256] = "%";
-      size_t flagofs = 1;
-      bool adj_left = FALSE, in_prec = FALSE,
-           prec_dot = FALSE, done = FALSE;
-      int ilen = 0;
-      size_t min_width = 0, max_width = wxSTRING_MAXLEN;
-      do {
-#define CHECK_PREC if (in_prec && !prec_dot) { s_szFlags[flagofs++] = '.'; prec_dot = TRUE; }
-        switch (pszFormat[++n]) {
-        case wxT('\0'):
-          done = TRUE;
-          break;
-        case wxT('%'):
-          *this += wxT('%');
-          done = TRUE;
-          break;
-        case wxT('#'):
-        case wxT('0'):
-        case wxT(' '):
-        case wxT('+'):
-        case wxT('\''):
-          CHECK_PREC
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          break;
-        case wxT('-'):
-          CHECK_PREC
-          adj_left = TRUE;
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          break;
-        case wxT('.'):
-          CHECK_PREC
-          in_prec = TRUE;
-          prec_dot = FALSE;
-          max_width = 0;
-          // dot will be auto-added to s_szFlags if non-negative number follows
-          break;
-        case wxT('h'):
-          ilen = -1;
-          CHECK_PREC
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          break;
-        case wxT('l'):
-          ilen = 1;
-          CHECK_PREC
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          break;
-        case wxT('q'):
-        case wxT('L'):
-          ilen = 2;
-          CHECK_PREC
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          break;
-        case wxT('Z'):
-          ilen = 3;
-          CHECK_PREC
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          break;
-        case wxT('*'):
-          {
-            int len = va_arg(argptr, int);
-            if (in_prec) {
-              if (len<0) break;
-              CHECK_PREC
-              max_width = len;
-            } else {
-              if (len<0) {
-                adj_left = !adj_left;
-                s_szFlags[flagofs++] = '-';
-                len = -len;
-              }
-              min_width = len;
+            if ( thatCur == thatEnd )
+            {
+                // Because of the test above we know that this one is not
+                // exhausted yet so it's greater than the other one that is.
+                return 1;

             }
             }

-            flagofs += ::sprintf(s_szFlags+flagofs,"%d",len);
-          }
-          break;
-        case wxT('1'): case wxT('2'): case wxT('3'):
-        case wxT('4'): case wxT('5'): case wxT('6'):
-        case wxT('7'): case wxT('8'): case wxT('9'):
-          {
-            int len = 0;
-            CHECK_PREC
-            while ((pszFormat[n]>=wxT('0')) && (pszFormat[n]<=wxT('9'))) {
-              s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-              len = len*10 + (pszFormat[n] - wxT('0'));
-              n++;
+
+            if ( *thatCur )
+            {
+                // Anything non-NUL is greater than NUL.
+                return -1;

             }
             }

-            if (in_prec) max_width = len;
-            else min_width = len;
-            n--; // the main loop pre-increments n again
-          }
-          break;
-        case wxT('d'):
-        case wxT('i'):
-        case wxT('o'):
-        case wxT('u'):
-        case wxT('x'):
-        case wxT('X'):
-          CHECK_PREC
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          s_szFlags[flagofs] = '\0';
-          if (ilen == 0 ) {
-            int val = va_arg(argptr, int);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-          }
-          else if (ilen == -1) {
-            short int val = va_arg(argptr, short int);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-          }
-          else if (ilen == 1) {
-            long int val = va_arg(argptr, long int);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-          }
-          else if (ilen == 2) {
-#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-            long long int val = va_arg(argptr, long long int);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-#else
-            long int val = va_arg(argptr, long int);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-#endif
-          }
-          else if (ilen == 3) {
-            size_t val = va_arg(argptr, size_t);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-          }
-          *this += wxString(szScratch);
-          done = TRUE;
-          break;
-        case wxT('e'):
-        case wxT('E'):
-        case wxT('f'):
-        case wxT('g'):
-        case wxT('G'):
-          CHECK_PREC
-          s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          s_szFlags[flagofs] = '\0';
-          if (ilen == 2) {
-            long double val = va_arg(argptr, long double);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-          } else {
-            double val = va_arg(argptr, double);
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-          }
-          *this += wxString(szScratch);
-          done = TRUE;
-          break;
-        case wxT('p'):
-          {
-            void *val = va_arg(argptr, void *);
-            CHECK_PREC
-            s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-            s_szFlags[flagofs] = '\0';
-            ::sprintf(szScratch, s_szFlags, val);
-            *this += wxString(szScratch);
-            done = TRUE;
-          }
-          break;
-        case wxT('c'):
-          {
-            wxChar val = va_arg(argptr, int);
-            // we don't need to honor padding here, do we?
-            *this += val;
-            done = TRUE;
-          }
-          break;
-        case wxT('s'):
-          if (ilen == -1) {
-            // wx extension: we'll let %hs mean non-Unicode strings
-            char *val = va_arg(argptr, char *);
-#if wxUSE_UNICODE
-            // ASCII->Unicode constructor handles max_width right
-            wxString s(val, wxConvLibc, max_width);
-#else
-            size_t len = wxSTRING_MAXLEN;
-            if (val) {
-              for (len = 0; val[len] && (len<max_width); len++);
-            } else val = wxT("(null)");
-            wxString s(val, len);
-#endif
-            if (s.Len() < min_width)
-              s.Pad(min_width - s.Len(), wxT(' '), adj_left);
-            *this += s;
-          } else {
-            wxChar *val = va_arg(argptr, wxChar *);
-            size_t len = wxSTRING_MAXLEN;
-            if (val) {
-              for (len = 0; val[len] && (len<max_width); len++);
-            } else val = wxT("(null)");
-            wxString s(val, len);
-            if (s.Len() < min_width)
-              s.Pad(min_width - s.Len(), wxT(' '), adj_left);
-            *this += s;
-          }
-          done = TRUE;
-          break;
-        case wxT('n'):
-          if (ilen == 0) {
-            int *val = va_arg(argptr, int *);
-            *val = Len();
-          }
-          else if (ilen == -1) {
-            short int *val = va_arg(argptr, short int *);
-            *val = Len();
-          }
-          else if (ilen >= 1) {
-            long int *val = va_arg(argptr, long int *);
-            *val = Len();
-          }
-          done = TRUE;
-          break;
-        default:
-          if (wxIsalpha(pszFormat[n]))
-            // probably some flag not taken care of here yet
-            s_szFlags[flagofs++] = pszFormat[n];
-          else {
-            // bad format
-            *this += wxT('%'); // just to pass the glibc tst-printf.c
-            n--;
-            done = TRUE;
-          }
-          break;

         }
         }

-#undef CHECK_PREC
-      } while (!done);
-    } else *this += pszFormat[n];
+    }

 
 

-#else
-  // buffer to avoid dynamic memory allocation each time for small strings
-  char szScratch[1024];
-
-  // NB: wxVsnprintf() may return either less than the buffer size or -1 if
-  //     there is not enough place depending on implementation
-  int iLen = wxVsnprintfA(szScratch, WXSIZEOF(szScratch), pszFormat, argptr);
-  if ( iLen != -1 ) {
-    // the whole string is in szScratch
-    *this = szScratch;
-  }
-  else {
-      bool outOfMemory = FALSE;
-      int size = 2*WXSIZEOF(szScratch);
-      while ( !outOfMemory ) {
-          char *buf = GetWriteBuf(size);
-          if ( buf )
-            iLen = wxVsnprintfA(buf, size, pszFormat, argptr);
-          else
-            outOfMemory = TRUE;
-
-          UngetWriteBuf();
-
-          if ( iLen != -1 ) {
-              // ok, there was enough space
-              break;
-          }
+    return rc;
+#else // wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    // CRT functions can't be used for case-insensitive comparison of UTF-8
+    // strings so do it in the naive, simple and inefficient way.

 
 

-          // still not enough, double it again
-          size *= 2;
-      }
+    // FIXME-UTF8: use wxUniChar::ToLower/ToUpper once added
+    const_iterator i1 = begin();
+    const_iterator end1 = end();
+    const_iterator i2 = s.begin();
+    const_iterator end2 = s.end();

 
 

-      if ( outOfMemory ) {
-          // out of memory
-          return -1;
-      }
-  }
-#endif // wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF/!wxUSE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRINTF
+    for ( ; i1 != end1 && i2 != end2; ++i1, ++i2 )
+    {
+        wxUniChar lower1 = (wxChar)wxTolower(*i1);
+        wxUniChar lower2 = (wxChar)wxTolower(*i2);
+        if ( lower1 != lower2 )
+            return lower1 < lower2 ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+
+    size_t len1 = length();
+    size_t len2 = s.length();

 
 

-  return Len();
+    if ( len1 < len2 )
+        return -1;
+    else if ( len1 > len2 )
+        return 1;
+    return 0;
+#endif // !wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8/wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8

 }
 
 }
 

-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// misc other operations
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
 

-// returns TRUE if the string matches the pattern which may contain '*' and
-// '?' metacharacters (as usual, '?' matches any character and '*' any number
-// of them)
-bool wxString::Matches(const wxChar *pszMask) const
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE
+
+wxString wxString::FromAscii(const char *ascii, size_t len)

 {
 {

-  // check char by char
-  const wxChar *pszTxt;
-  for ( pszTxt = c_str(); *pszMask != wxT('\0'); pszMask++, pszTxt++ ) {
-    switch ( *pszMask ) {
-      case wxT('?'):
-        if ( *pszTxt == wxT('\0') )
-          return FALSE;
+    if (!ascii || len == 0)
+       return wxEmptyString;

 
 

-        // pszText and pszMask will be incremented in the loop statement
+    wxString res;

 
 

-        break;
+    {
+        wxStringInternalBuffer buf(res, len);
+        wxStringCharType *dest = buf;

 
 

-      case wxT('*'):
+        for ( ; len > 0; --len )

         {
         {

-          // ignore special chars immediately following this one
-          while ( *pszMask == wxT('*') || *pszMask == wxT('?') )
-            pszMask++;
+            unsigned char c = (unsigned char)*ascii++;
+            wxASSERT_MSG( c < 0x80,
+                          wxT("Non-ASCII value passed to FromAscii().") );

 
 

-          // if there is nothing more, match
-          if ( *pszMask == wxT('\0') )
-            return TRUE;
+            *dest++ = (wchar_t)c;
+        }
+    }

 
 

-          // are there any other metacharacters in the mask?
-          size_t uiLenMask;
-          const wxChar *pEndMask = wxStrpbrk(pszMask, wxT("*?"));
+    return res;
+}

 
 

-          if ( pEndMask != NULL ) {
-            // we have to match the string between two metachars
-            uiLenMask = pEndMask - pszMask;
-          }
-          else {
-            // we have to match the remainder of the string
-            uiLenMask = wxStrlen(pszMask);
-          }
+wxString wxString::FromAscii(const char *ascii)
+{
+    return FromAscii(ascii, wxStrlen(ascii));
+}

 
 

-          wxString strToMatch(pszMask, uiLenMask);
-          const wxChar* pMatch = wxStrstr(pszTxt, strToMatch);
-          if ( pMatch == NULL )
-            return FALSE;
+wxString wxString::FromAscii(char ascii)
+{
+    // What do we do with '\0' ?

 
 

-          // -1 to compensate "++" in the loop
-          pszTxt = pMatch + uiLenMask - 1;
-          pszMask += uiLenMask - 1;
-        }
-        break;
+    unsigned char c = (unsigned char)ascii;

 
 

-      default:
-        if ( *pszMask != *pszTxt )
-          return FALSE;
-        break;
-    }
-  }
+    wxASSERT_MSG( c < 0x80, wxT("Non-ASCII value passed to FromAscii().") );

 
 

-  // match only if nothing left
-  return *pszTxt == wxT('\0');
+    // NB: the cast to wchar_t causes interpretation of 'ascii' as Latin1 value
+    return wxString(wxUniChar((wchar_t)c));

 }
 
 }
 

-// Count the number of chars
-int wxString::Freq(wxChar ch) const
+const wxScopedCharBuffer wxString::ToAscii() const

 {
 {

-    int count = 0;
-    int len = Len();
-    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+    // this will allocate enough space for the terminating NUL too
+    wxCharBuffer buffer(length());
+    char *dest = buffer.data();
+
+    for ( const_iterator i = begin(); i != end(); ++i )

     {
     {

-        if (GetChar(i) == ch)
-            count ++;
+        wxUniChar c(*i);
+        // FIXME-UTF8: unify substituted char ('_') with wxUniChar ('?')
+        *dest++ = c.IsAscii() ? (char)c : '_';
+
+        // the output string can't have embedded NULs anyhow, so we can safely
+        // stop at first of them even if we do have any
+        if ( !c )
+            break;

     }
     }

-    return count;
+
+    return buffer;

 }
 
 }
 

-// convert to upper case, return the copy of the string
-wxString wxString::Upper() const
-{ wxString s(*this); return s.MakeUpper(); }
+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE

 
 

-// convert to lower case, return the copy of the string
-wxString wxString::Lower() const { wxString s(*this); return s.MakeLower(); }
+// extract string of length nCount starting at nFirst
+wxString wxString::Mid(size_t nFirst, size_t nCount) const
+{
+    size_t nLen = length();

 
 

-int wxString::sprintf(const wxChar *pszFormat, ...)
-  {
-    va_list argptr;
-    va_start(argptr, pszFormat);
-    int iLen = PrintfV(pszFormat, argptr);
-    va_end(argptr);
-    return iLen;
-  }
+    // default value of nCount is npos and means "till the end"
+    if ( nCount == npos )
+    {
+        nCount = nLen - nFirst;
+    }

 
 

-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// standard C++ library string functions
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#ifdef  wxSTD_STRING_COMPATIBILITY
+    // out-of-bounds requests return sensible things
+    if ( nFirst + nCount > nLen )
+    {
+        nCount = nLen - nFirst;
+    }
+
+    if ( nFirst > nLen )
+    {
+        // AllocCopy() will return empty string
+        return wxEmptyString;
+    }
+
+    wxString dest(*this, nFirst, nCount);
+    if ( dest.length() != nCount )
+    {
+        wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("out of memory in wxString::Mid") );
+    }

 
 

-wxString& wxString::insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str)
+    return dest;
+}
+
+// check that the string starts with prefix and return the rest of the string
+// in the provided pointer if it is not NULL, otherwise return false
+bool wxString::StartsWith(const wxString& prefix, wxString *rest) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( str.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
-  wxASSERT( nPos <= Len() );
+    if ( compare(0, prefix.length(), prefix) != 0 )
+        return false;

 
 

-  if ( !str.IsEmpty() ) {
-    wxString strTmp;
-    wxChar *pc = strTmp.GetWriteBuf(Len() + str.Len());
-    wxStrncpy(pc, c_str(), nPos);
-    wxStrcpy(pc + nPos, str);
-    wxStrcpy(pc + nPos + str.Len(), c_str() + nPos);
-    strTmp.UngetWriteBuf();
-    *this = strTmp;
-  }
+    if ( rest )
+    {
+        // put the rest of the string into provided pointer
+        rest->assign(*this, prefix.length(), npos);
+    }

 
 

-  return *this;
+    return true;

 }
 
 }
 

-size_t wxString::find(const wxString& str, size_t nStart) const
+
+// check that the string ends with suffix and return the rest of it in the
+// provided pointer if it is not NULL, otherwise return false
+bool wxString::EndsWith(const wxString& suffix, wxString *rest) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( str.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
-  wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
+    int start = length() - suffix.length();
+
+    if ( start < 0 || compare(start, npos, suffix) != 0 )
+        return false;
+
+    if ( rest )
+    {
+        // put the rest of the string into provided pointer
+        rest->assign(*this, 0, start);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+

 
 

-  const wxChar *p = wxStrstr(c_str() + nStart, str);
+// extract nCount last (rightmost) characters
+wxString wxString::Right(size_t nCount) const
+{
+  if ( nCount > length() )
+    nCount = length();

 
 

-  return p == NULL ? npos : p - c_str();
+  wxString dest(*this, length() - nCount, nCount);
+  if ( dest.length() != nCount ) {
+    wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("out of memory in wxString::Right") );
+  }
+  return dest;

 }
 
 }
 

-// VC++ 1.5 can't cope with the default argument in the header.
-#if !defined(__VISUALC__) || defined(__WIN32__)
-size_t wxString::find(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const
+// get all characters after the last occurrence of ch
+// (returns the whole string if ch not found)
+wxString wxString::AfterLast(wxUniChar ch) const

 {
 {

-  return find(wxString(sz, n == npos ? 0 : n), nStart);
+  wxString str;
+  int iPos = Find(ch, true);
+  if ( iPos == wxNOT_FOUND )
+    str = *this;
+  else
+    str.assign(*this, iPos + 1, npos);
+
+  return str;

 }
 }

-#endif // VC++ 1.5

 
 

-// Gives a duplicate symbol (presumably a case-insensitivity problem)
-#if !defined(__BORLANDC__)
-size_t wxString::find(wxChar ch, size_t nStart) const
+// extract nCount first (leftmost) characters
+wxString wxString::Left(size_t nCount) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
+  if ( nCount > length() )
+    nCount = length();
+
+  wxString dest(*this, 0, nCount);
+  if ( dest.length() != nCount ) {
+    wxFAIL_MSG( wxT("out of memory in wxString::Left") );
+  }
+  return dest;
+}

 
 

-  const wxChar *p = wxStrchr(c_str() + nStart, ch);
+// get all characters before the first occurrence of ch
+// (returns the whole string if ch not found)
+wxString wxString::BeforeFirst(wxUniChar ch, wxString *rest) const
+{
+  int iPos = Find(ch);
+  if ( iPos == wxNOT_FOUND )
+  {
+    iPos = length();
+    if ( rest )
+      rest->clear();
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if ( rest )
+      rest->assign(*this, iPos + 1, npos);
+  }

 
 

-  return p == NULL ? npos : p - c_str();
+  return wxString(*this, 0, iPos);

 }
 }

-#endif

 
 

-size_t wxString::rfind(const wxString& str, size_t nStart) const
+/// get all characters before the last occurrence of ch
+/// (returns empty string if ch not found)
+wxString wxString::BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch, wxString *rest) const

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( str.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
-  wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
+  wxString str;
+  int iPos = Find(ch, true);
+  if ( iPos != wxNOT_FOUND )
+  {
+    if ( iPos != 0 )
+      str.assign(*this, 0, iPos);

 
 

-  // TODO could be made much quicker than that
-  const wxChar *p = c_str() + (nStart == npos ? Len() : nStart);
-  while ( p >= c_str() + str.Len() ) {
-    if ( wxStrncmp(p - str.Len(), str, str.Len()) == 0 )
-      return p - str.Len() - c_str();
-    p--;
+    if ( rest )
+      rest->assign(*this, iPos + 1, npos);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if ( rest )
+      *rest = *this;

   }
 
   }
 

-  return npos;
+  return str;

 }
 
 }
 

-// VC++ 1.5 can't cope with the default argument in the header.
-#if !defined(__VISUALC__) || defined(__WIN32__)
-size_t wxString::rfind(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const
+/// get all characters after the first occurrence of ch
+/// (returns empty string if ch not found)
+wxString wxString::AfterFirst(wxUniChar ch) const

 {
 {

-    return rfind(wxString(sz, n == npos ? 0 : n), nStart);
+  wxString str;
+  int iPos = Find(ch);
+  if ( iPos != wxNOT_FOUND )
+      str.assign(*this, iPos + 1, npos);
+
+  return str;

 }
 
 }
 

-size_t wxString::rfind(wxChar ch, size_t nStart) const
+// replace first (or all) occurrences of some substring with another one
+size_t wxString::Replace(const wxString& strOld,
+                         const wxString& strNew, bool bReplaceAll)

 {
 {

-    if ( nStart == npos )
+    // if we tried to replace an empty string we'd enter an infinite loop below
+    wxCHECK_MSG( !strOld.empty(), 0,
+                 wxT("wxString::Replace(): invalid parameter") );
+
+    wxSTRING_INVALIDATE_CACHE();
+
+    size_t uiCount = 0;   // count of replacements made
+
+    // optimize the special common case: replacement of one character by
+    // another one (in UTF-8 case we can only do this for ASCII characters)
+    //
+    // benchmarks show that this special version is around 3 times faster
+    // (depending on the proportion of matching characters and UTF-8/wchar_t
+    // build)
+    if ( strOld.m_impl.length() == 1 && strNew.m_impl.length() == 1 )

     {
     {

-        nStart = Len();
+        const wxStringCharType chOld = strOld.m_impl[0],
+                               chNew = strNew.m_impl[0];
+
+        // this loop is the simplified version of the one below
+        for ( size_t pos = 0; ; )
+        {
+            pos = m_impl.find(chOld, pos);
+            if ( pos == npos )
+                break;
+
+            m_impl[pos++] = chNew;
+
+            uiCount++;
+
+            if ( !bReplaceAll )
+                break;
+        }

     }
     }

-    else
+    else if ( !bReplaceAll)

     {
     {

-        wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
+        size_t pos = m_impl.find(strOld.m_impl, 0);
+        if ( pos != npos )
+        {
+            m_impl.replace(pos, strOld.m_impl.length(), strNew.m_impl);
+            uiCount = 1;
+        }

     }
     }

+    else // replace all occurrences
+    {
+        const size_t uiOldLen = strOld.m_impl.length();
+        const size_t uiNewLen = strNew.m_impl.length();
+
+        // first scan the string to find all positions at which the replacement
+        // should be made
+        wxVector<size_t> replacePositions;
+
+        size_t pos;
+        for ( pos = m_impl.find(strOld.m_impl, 0);
+              pos != npos;
+              pos = m_impl.find(strOld.m_impl, pos + uiOldLen))
+        {
+            replacePositions.push_back(pos);
+            ++uiCount;
+        }

 
 

-    const wxChar *p = wxStrrchr(c_str(), ch);
+        if ( !uiCount )
+            return 0;

 
 

-    if ( p == NULL )
-        return npos;
+        // allocate enough memory for the whole new string
+        wxString tmp;
+        tmp.m_impl.reserve(m_impl.length() + uiCount*(uiNewLen - uiOldLen));

 
 

-    size_t result = p - c_str();
-    return ( result > nStart ) ? npos : result;
-}
-#endif // VC++ 1.5
+        // copy this string to tmp doing replacements on the fly
+        size_t replNum = 0;
+        for ( pos = 0; replNum < uiCount; replNum++ )
+        {
+            const size_t nextReplPos = replacePositions[replNum];

 
 

-size_t wxString::find_first_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const
-{
-    const wxChar *start = c_str() + nStart;
-    const wxChar *firstOf = wxStrpbrk(start, sz);
-    if ( firstOf )
-        return firstOf - start;
-    else
-        return npos;
+            if ( pos != nextReplPos )
+            {
+                tmp.m_impl.append(m_impl, pos, nextReplPos - pos);
+            }
+
+            tmp.m_impl.append(strNew.m_impl);
+            pos = nextReplPos + uiOldLen;
+        }
+
+        if ( pos != m_impl.length() )
+        {
+            // append the rest of the string unchanged
+            tmp.m_impl.append(m_impl, pos, m_impl.length() - pos);
+        }
+
+        swap(tmp);
+    }
+
+    return uiCount;

 }
 
 }
 

-size_t wxString::find_last_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const
+bool wxString::IsAscii() const

 {
 {

-    if ( nStart == npos )
-    {
-        nStart = Len();
-    }
-    else
+    for ( const_iterator i = begin(); i != end(); ++i )

     {
     {

-        wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
+        if ( !(*i).IsAscii() )
+            return false;

     }
 
     }
 

-    for ( const wxChar *p = c_str() + length() - 1; p >= c_str(); p-- )
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool wxString::IsWord() const
+{
+    for ( const_iterator i = begin(); i != end(); ++i )

     {
     {

-        if ( wxStrchr(sz, *p) )
-            return p - c_str();
+        if ( !wxIsalpha(*i) )
+            return false;

     }
 
     }
 

-    return npos;
+    return true;

 }
 
 }
 

-size_t wxString::find_first_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const
+bool wxString::IsNumber() const

 {
 {

-    if ( nStart == npos )
-    {
-        nStart = Len();
-    }
-    else
+    if ( empty() )
+        return true;
+
+    const_iterator i = begin();
+
+    if ( *i == wxT('-') || *i == wxT('+') )
+        ++i;
+
+    for ( ; i != end(); ++i )

     {
     {

-        wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
+        if ( !wxIsdigit(*i) )
+            return false;

     }
 
     }
 

-    size_t nAccept = wxStrspn(c_str() + nStart, sz);
-    if ( nAccept >= length() - nStart )
-        return npos;
-    else
-        return nAccept;
+    return true;

 }
 
 }
 

-size_t wxString::find_first_not_of(wxChar ch, size_t nStart) const
+wxString wxString::Strip(stripType w) const

 {
 {

-    wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
+    wxString s = *this;
+    if ( w & leading ) s.Trim(false);
+    if ( w & trailing ) s.Trim(true);
+    return s;
+}

 
 

-    for ( const wxChar *p = c_str() + nStart; *p; p++ )
-    {
-        if ( *p != ch )
-            return p - c_str();
-    }
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// case conversion
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
 

-    return npos;
+wxString& wxString::MakeUpper()
+{
+  for ( iterator it = begin(), en = end(); it != en; ++it )
+    *it = (wxChar)wxToupper(*it);
+
+  return *this;

 }
 
 }
 

-size_t wxString::find_last_not_of(const wxChar* sz, size_t nStart) const
+wxString& wxString::MakeLower()

 {
 {

-    if ( nStart == npos )
-    {
-        nStart = Len();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
-    }
+  for ( iterator it = begin(), en = end(); it != en; ++it )
+    *it = (wxChar)wxTolower(*it);
+
+  return *this;
+}

 
 

-    for ( const wxChar *p = c_str() + nStart - 1; p >= c_str(); p-- )
+wxString& wxString::MakeCapitalized()
+{
+    const iterator en = end();
+    iterator it = begin();
+    if ( it != en )

     {
     {

-        if ( !wxStrchr(sz, *p) )
-            return p - c_str();
+        *it = (wxChar)wxToupper(*it);
+        for ( ++it; it != en; ++it )
+            *it = (wxChar)wxTolower(*it);

     }
 
     }
 

-    return npos;
+    return *this;

 }
 
 }
 

-size_t wxString::find_last_not_of(wxChar ch, size_t nStart) const
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// trimming and padding
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// some compilers (VC++ 6.0 not to name them) return true for a call to
+// isspace('\xEA') in the C locale which seems to be broken to me, but we have
+// to live with this by checking that the character is a 7 bit one - even if
+// this may fail to detect some spaces (I don't know if Unicode doesn't have
+// space-like symbols somewhere except in the first 128 chars), it is arguably
+// still better than trimming away accented letters
+inline int wxSafeIsspace(wxChar ch) { return (ch < 127) && wxIsspace(ch); }
+
+// trims spaces (in the sense of isspace) from left or right side
+wxString& wxString::Trim(bool bFromRight)

 {
 {

-    if ( nStart == npos )
-    {
-        nStart = Len();
-    }
-    else
+    // first check if we're going to modify the string at all
+    if ( !empty() &&
+         (
+          (bFromRight && wxSafeIsspace(GetChar(length() - 1))) ||
+          (!bFromRight && wxSafeIsspace(GetChar(0u)))
+         )
+       )

     {
     {

-        wxASSERT( nStart <= Len() );
-    }
+        if ( bFromRight )
+        {
+            // find last non-space character
+            reverse_iterator psz = rbegin();
+            while ( (psz != rend()) && wxSafeIsspace(*psz) )
+                ++psz;

 
 

-    for ( const wxChar *p = c_str() + nStart - 1; p >= c_str(); p-- )
-    {
-        if ( *p != ch )
-            return p - c_str();
+            // truncate at trailing space start
+            erase(psz.base(), end());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // find first non-space character
+            iterator psz = begin();
+            while ( (psz != end()) && wxSafeIsspace(*psz) )
+                ++psz;
+
+            // fix up data and length
+            erase(begin(), psz);
+        }

     }
 
     }
 

-    return npos;
+    return *this;

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString& wxString::erase(size_t nStart, size_t nLen)
+// adds nCount characters chPad to the string from either side
+wxString& wxString::Pad(size_t nCount, wxUniChar chPad, bool bFromRight)

 {
 {

-  wxString strTmp(c_str(), nStart);
-  if ( nLen != npos ) {
-    wxASSERT( nStart + nLen <= Len() );
+    wxString s(chPad, nCount);

 
 

-    strTmp.append(c_str() + nStart + nLen);
-  }
+    if ( bFromRight )
+        *this += s;
+    else
+    {
+        s += *this;
+        swap(s);
+    }

 
 

-  *this = strTmp;
-  return *this;
+    return *this;

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString& wxString::replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxChar *sz)
+// truncate the string
+wxString& wxString::Truncate(size_t uiLen)

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( nStart + nLen <= wxStrlen(sz) );
-
-  wxString strTmp;
-  if ( nStart != 0 )
-    strTmp.append(c_str(), nStart);
-  strTmp += sz;
-  strTmp.append(c_str() + nStart + nLen);
+    if ( uiLen < length() )
+    {
+        erase(begin() + uiLen, end());
+    }
+    //else: nothing to do, string is already short enough

 
 

-  *this = strTmp;
-  return *this;
+    return *this;

 }
 
 }
 

-wxString& wxString::replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, size_t nCount, wxChar ch)
-{
-  return replace(nStart, nLen, wxString(ch, nCount));
-}
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// finding (return wxNOT_FOUND if not found and index otherwise)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
 

-wxString& wxString::replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-                            const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2)
+// find a character
+int wxString::Find(wxUniChar ch, bool bFromEnd) const

 {
 {

-  return replace(nStart, nLen, str.substr(nStart2, nLen2));
-}
+    size_type idx = bFromEnd ? find_last_of(ch) : find_first_of(ch);

 
 

-wxString& wxString::replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-                        const wxChar* sz, size_t nCount)
-{
-  return replace(nStart, nLen, wxString(sz, nCount));
+    return (idx == npos) ? wxNOT_FOUND : (int)idx;

 }
 
 }
 

-#endif  //std::string compatibility
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// conversion to numbers
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
 

-// ============================================================================
-// ArrayString
-// ============================================================================
+// The implementation of all the functions below is exactly the same so factor
+// it out. Note that number extraction works correctly on UTF-8 strings, so
+// we can use wxStringCharType and wx_str() for maximum efficiency.

 
 

-// size increment = max(50% of current size, ARRAY_MAXSIZE_INCREMENT)
-#define   ARRAY_MAXSIZE_INCREMENT       4096
-#ifndef   ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE    // also defined in dynarray.h
-  #define   ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE    (16)
+#ifndef __WXWINCE__
+    #define DO_IF_NOT_WINCE(x) x
+#else
+    #define DO_IF_NOT_WINCE(x)

 #endif
 
 #endif
 

-#define   STRING(p)   ((wxString *)(&(p)))
+#define WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START                                           \
+    wxCHECK_MSG( pVal, false, wxT("NULL output pointer") );                  \
+    DO_IF_NOT_WINCE( errno = 0; )                                           \
+    const wxStringCharType *start = wx_str();                               \
+    wxStringCharType *end;

 
 

-// ctor
-wxArrayString::wxArrayString(bool autoSort)
+// notice that we return false without modifying the output parameter at all if
+// nothing could be parsed but we do modify it and return false then if we did
+// parse something successfully but not the entire string
+#define WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END                                             \
+    if ( end == start DO_IF_NOT_WINCE(|| errno == ERANGE) )                 \
+        return false;                                                       \
+    *pVal = val;                                                            \
+    return !*end;
+
+bool wxString::ToLong(long *pVal, int base) const

 {
 {

-  m_nSize  =
-  m_nCount = 0;
-  m_pItems = (wxChar **) NULL;
-  m_autoSort = autoSort;
+    wxASSERT_MSG( !base || (base > 1 && base <= 36), wxT("invalid base") );
+
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+    long val = wxStrtol(start, &end, base);
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END

 }
 
 }
 

-// copy ctor
-wxArrayString::wxArrayString(const wxArrayString& src)
+bool wxString::ToULong(unsigned long *pVal, int base) const

 {
 {

-  m_nSize  =
-  m_nCount = 0;
-  m_pItems = (wxChar **) NULL;
-  m_autoSort = src.m_autoSort;
+    wxASSERT_MSG( !base || (base > 1 && base <= 36), wxT("invalid base") );

 
 

-  *this = src;
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+    unsigned long val = wxStrtoul(start, &end, base);
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END

 }
 
 }
 

-// assignment operator
-wxArrayString& wxArrayString::operator=(const wxArrayString& src)
+bool wxString::ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t *pVal, int base) const

 {
 {

-  if ( m_nSize > 0 )
-    Clear();
+    wxASSERT_MSG( !base || (base > 1 && base <= 36), wxT("invalid base") );

 
 

-  Copy(src);
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+    wxLongLong_t val = wxStrtoll(start, &end, base);
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END
+}

 
 

-  return *this;
+bool wxString::ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t *pVal, int base) const
+{
+    wxASSERT_MSG( !base || (base > 1 && base <= 36), wxT("invalid base") );
+
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+    wxULongLong_t val = wxStrtoull(start, &end, base);
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END

 }
 
 }
 

-void wxArrayString::Copy(const wxArrayString& src)
+bool wxString::ToDouble(double *pVal) const

 {
 {

-  if ( src.m_nCount > ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE )
-    Alloc(src.m_nCount);
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+    double val = wxStrtod(start, &end);
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END
+}

 
 

-  // we can't just copy the pointers here because otherwise we would share
-  // the strings with another array because strings are ref counted
-#if 0
-  if ( m_nCount != 0 )
-    memcpy(m_pItems, src.m_pItems, m_nCount*sizeof(wxChar *));
-#endif // 0
+#if wxUSE_XLOCALE

 
 

-  for ( size_t n = 0; n < src.m_nCount; n++ )
-    Add(src[n]);
+bool wxString::ToCLong(long *pVal, int base) const
+{
+    wxASSERT_MSG( !base || (base > 1 && base <= 36), wxT("invalid base") );

 
 

-  // if the other array is auto sorted too, we're already sorted, but
-  // otherwise we should rearrange the items
-  if ( m_autoSort && !src.m_autoSort )
-    Sort();
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+#if (wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8 || !wxUSE_UNICODE) && defined(wxHAS_XLOCALE_SUPPORT)
+    long val = wxStrtol_lA(start, &end, base, wxCLocale);
+#else
+    long val = wxStrtol_l(start, &end, base, wxCLocale);
+#endif
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END

 }
 
 }
 

-// grow the array
-void wxArrayString::Grow()
+bool wxString::ToCULong(unsigned long *pVal, int base) const

 {
 {

-  // only do it if no more place
-  if( m_nCount == m_nSize ) {
-    if( m_nSize == 0 ) {
-      // was empty, alloc some memory
-      m_nSize = ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE;
-      m_pItems = new wxChar *[m_nSize];
-    }
-    else {
-      // otherwise when it's called for the first time, nIncrement would be 0
-      // and the array would never be expanded
-#if defined(__VISAGECPP__) && defined(__WXDEBUG__)
-      int array_size = ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE;
-      wxASSERT( array_size != 0 );
+    wxASSERT_MSG( !base || (base > 1 && base <= 36), wxT("invalid base") );
+
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+#if (wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8 || !wxUSE_UNICODE) && defined(wxHAS_XLOCALE_SUPPORT)
+    unsigned long val = wxStrtoul_lA(start, &end, base, wxCLocale);

 #else
 #else

-      wxASSERT( ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE != 0 );
+    unsigned long val = wxStrtoul_l(start, &end, base, wxCLocale);

 #endif
 #endif

+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END
+}

 
 

-      // add 50% but not too much
-      size_t nIncrement = m_nSize < ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE
-                          ? ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE : m_nSize >> 1;
-      if ( nIncrement > ARRAY_MAXSIZE_INCREMENT )
-        nIncrement = ARRAY_MAXSIZE_INCREMENT;
-      m_nSize += nIncrement;
-      wxChar **pNew = new wxChar *[m_nSize];
+bool wxString::ToCDouble(double *pVal) const
+{
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_START
+#if (wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8 || !wxUSE_UNICODE) && defined(wxHAS_XLOCALE_SUPPORT)
+    double val = wxStrtod_lA(start, &end, wxCLocale);
+#else
+    double val = wxStrtod_l(start, &end, wxCLocale);
+#endif
+    WX_STRING_TO_X_TYPE_END
+}

 
 

-      // copy data to new location
-      memcpy(pNew, m_pItems, m_nCount*sizeof(wxChar *));
+#else // wxUSE_XLOCALE

 
 

-      // delete old memory (but do not release the strings!)
-      wxDELETEA(m_pItems);
+// Provide implementation of these functions even when wxUSE_XLOCALE is
+// disabled, we still need them in wxWidgets internal code.

 
 

-      m_pItems = pNew;
-    }
-  }
+// For integers we just assume the current locale uses the same number
+// representation as the C one as there is nothing else we can do.
+bool wxString::ToCLong(long *pVal, int base) const
+{
+    return ToLong(pVal, base);

 }
 
 }
 

-void wxArrayString::Free()
+bool wxString::ToCULong(unsigned long *pVal, int base) const

 {
 {

-  for ( size_t n = 0; n < m_nCount; n++ ) {
-    STRING(m_pItems[n])->GetStringData()->Unlock();
-  }
+    return ToULong(pVal, base);

 }
 
 }
 

-// deletes all the strings from the list
-void wxArrayString::Empty()
+// For floating point numbers we have to handle the problem of the decimal
+// point which is different in different locales.
+bool wxString::ToCDouble(double *pVal) const

 {
 {

-  Free();
+    // Create a copy of this string using the decimal point instead of whatever
+    // separator the current locale uses.
+#if wxUSE_INTL
+    wxString sep = wxLocale::GetInfo(wxLOCALE_DECIMAL_POINT,
+                                     wxLOCALE_CAT_NUMBER);
+    if ( sep == "." )
+    {
+        // We can avoid an unnecessary string copy in this case.
+        return ToDouble(pVal);
+    }
+#else // !wxUSE_INTL
+    // We don't know what the current separator is so it might even be a point
+    // already, try to parse the string as a double:
+    if ( ToDouble(pVal) )
+    {
+        // It must have been the point, nothing else to do.
+        return true;
+    }

 
 

-  m_nCount = 0;
+    // Try to guess the separator, using the most common alternative value.
+    wxString sep(",");
+#endif // wxUSE_INTL/!wxUSE_INTL
+    wxString cstr(*this);
+    cstr.Replace(".", sep);
+
+    return cstr.ToDouble(pVal);

 }
 
 }
 

-// as Empty, but also frees memory
-void wxArrayString::Clear()
+#endif  // wxUSE_XLOCALE/!wxUSE_XLOCALE
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// number to string conversion
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* static */
+wxString wxString::FromDouble(double val, int precision)

 {
 {

-  Free();
+    wxCHECK_MSG( precision >= -1, wxString(), "Invalid negative precision" );

 
 

-  m_nSize  =
-  m_nCount = 0;
+    wxString format;
+    if ( precision == -1 )
+    {
+        format = "%g";
+    }
+    else // Use fixed precision.
+    {
+        format.Printf("%%.%df", precision);
+    }

 
 

-  wxDELETEA(m_pItems);
+    return wxString::Format(format, val);

 }
 
 }
 

-// dtor
-wxArrayString::~wxArrayString()
+/* static */
+wxString wxString::FromCDouble(double val, int precision)

 {
 {

-  Free();
+    wxCHECK_MSG( precision >= -1, wxString(), "Invalid negative precision" );
+
+#if wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM && wxUSE_STD_STRING
+    // We assume that we can use the ostream and not wstream for numbers.
+    wxSTD ostringstream os;
+    if ( precision != -1 )
+    {
+        os.precision(precision);
+        os.setf(std::ios::fixed, std::ios::floatfield);
+    }

 
 

-  wxDELETEA(m_pItems);
+    os << val;
+    return os.str();
+#else // !wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM
+    // Can't use iostream locale support, fall back to the manual method
+    // instead.
+    wxString s = FromDouble(val, precision);
+#if wxUSE_INTL
+    wxString sep = wxLocale::GetInfo(wxLOCALE_DECIMAL_POINT,
+                                     wxLOCALE_CAT_NUMBER);
+#else // !wxUSE_INTL
+    // As above, this is the most common alternative value. Notice that here it
+    // doesn't matter if we guess wrongly and the current separator is already
+    // ".": we'll just waste a call to Replace() in this case.
+    wxString sep(",");
+#endif // wxUSE_INTL/!wxUSE_INTL
+
+    s.Replace(sep, ".");
+    return s;
+#endif // wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM/!wxUSE_STD_IOSTREAM

 }
 
 }
 

-// pre-allocates memory (frees the previous data!)
-void wxArrayString::Alloc(size_t nSize)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// formatted output
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if !wxUSE_UTF8_LOCALE_ONLY
+/* static */
+#ifdef wxNEEDS_WXSTRING_PRINTF_MIXIN
+wxString wxStringPrintfMixinBase::DoFormatWchar(const wxChar *format, ...)
+#else
+wxString wxString::DoFormatWchar(const wxChar *format, ...)
+#endif

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( nSize > 0 );
+    va_list argptr;
+    va_start(argptr, format);

 
 

-  // only if old buffer was not big enough
-  if ( nSize > m_nSize ) {
-    Free();
-    wxDELETEA(m_pItems);
-    m_pItems = new wxChar *[nSize];
-    m_nSize  = nSize;
-  }
+    wxString s;
+    s.PrintfV(format, argptr);
+
+    va_end(argptr);

 
 

-  m_nCount = 0;
+    return s;

 }
 }

+#endif // !wxUSE_UTF8_LOCALE_ONLY

 
 

-// minimizes the memory usage by freeing unused memory
-void wxArrayString::Shrink()
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+/* static */
+wxString wxString::DoFormatUtf8(const char *format, ...)

 {
 {

-  // only do it if we have some memory to free
-  if( m_nCount < m_nSize ) {
-    // allocates exactly as much memory as we need
-    wxChar **pNew = new wxChar *[m_nCount];
+    va_list argptr;
+    va_start(argptr, format);

 
 

-    // copy data to new location
-    memcpy(pNew, m_pItems, m_nCount*sizeof(wxChar *));
-    delete [] m_pItems;
-    m_pItems = pNew;
-  }
-}
+    wxString s;
+    s.PrintfV(format, argptr);

 
 

-// searches the array for an item (forward or backwards)
-int wxArrayString::Index(const wxChar *sz, bool bCase, bool bFromEnd) const
-{
-  if ( m_autoSort ) {
-    // use binary search in the sorted array
-    wxASSERT_MSG( bCase && !bFromEnd,
-                  wxT("search parameters ignored for auto sorted array") );
-
-    size_t i,
-           lo = 0,
-           hi = m_nCount;
-    int res;
-    while ( lo < hi ) {
-      i = (lo + hi)/2;
-
-      res = wxStrcmp(sz, m_pItems[i]);
-      if ( res < 0 )
-        hi = i;
-      else if ( res > 0 )
-        lo = i + 1;
-      else
-        return i;
-    }
+    va_end(argptr);

 
 

-    return wxNOT_FOUND;
-  }
-  else {
-    // use linear search in unsorted array
-    if ( bFromEnd ) {
-      if ( m_nCount > 0 ) {
-        size_t ui = m_nCount;
-        do {
-          if ( STRING(m_pItems[--ui])->IsSameAs(sz, bCase) )
-            return ui;
-        }
-        while ( ui != 0 );
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      for( size_t ui = 0; ui < m_nCount; ui++ ) {
-        if( STRING(m_pItems[ui])->IsSameAs(sz, bCase) )
-          return ui;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+    return s;
+}
+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8

 
 

-  return wxNOT_FOUND;
+/* static */
+wxString wxString::FormatV(const wxString& format, va_list argptr)
+{
+    wxString s;
+    s.PrintfV(format, argptr);
+    return s;

 }
 
 }
 

-// add item at the end
-size_t wxArrayString::Add(const wxString& str)
+#if !wxUSE_UTF8_LOCALE_ONLY
+#ifdef wxNEEDS_WXSTRING_PRINTF_MIXIN
+int wxStringPrintfMixinBase::DoPrintfWchar(const wxChar *format, ...)
+#else
+int wxString::DoPrintfWchar(const wxChar *format, ...)
+#endif

 {
 {

-  if ( m_autoSort ) {
-    // insert the string at the correct position to keep the array sorted
-    size_t i,
-           lo = 0,
-           hi = m_nCount;
-    int res;
-    while ( lo < hi ) {
-      i = (lo + hi)/2;
+    va_list argptr;
+    va_start(argptr, format);

 
 

-      res = wxStrcmp(str, m_pItems[i]);
-      if ( res < 0 )
-        hi = i;
-      else if ( res > 0 )
-        lo = i + 1;
-      else {
-        lo = hi = i;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+#ifdef wxNEEDS_WXSTRING_PRINTF_MIXIN
+    // get a pointer to the wxString instance; we have to use dynamic_cast<>
+    // because it's the only cast that works safely for downcasting when
+    // multiple inheritance is used:
+    wxString *str = static_cast<wxString*>(this);
+#else
+    wxString *str = this;
+#endif

 
 

-    wxASSERT_MSG( lo == hi, wxT("binary search broken") );
+    int iLen = str->PrintfV(format, argptr);

 
 

-    Insert(str, lo);
+    va_end(argptr);

 
 

-    return (size_t)lo;
-  }
-  else {
-    wxASSERT( str.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
+    return iLen;
+}
+#endif // !wxUSE_UTF8_LOCALE_ONLY

 
 

-    Grow();
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+int wxString::DoPrintfUtf8(const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list argptr;
+    va_start(argptr, format);

 
 

-    // the string data must not be deleted!
-    str.GetStringData()->Lock();
+    int iLen = PrintfV(format, argptr);

 
 

-    // just append
-    m_pItems[m_nCount] = (wxChar *)str.c_str(); // const_cast
+    va_end(argptr);

 
 

-    return m_nCount++;
-  }
+    return iLen;

 }
 }

+#endif // wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8

 
 

-// add item at the given position
-void wxArrayString::Insert(const wxString& str, size_t nIndex)
+/*
+    Uses wxVsnprintf and places the result into the this string.
+
+    In ANSI build, wxVsnprintf is effectively vsnprintf but in Unicode build
+    it is vswprintf.  Due to a discrepancy between vsnprintf and vswprintf in
+    the ISO C99 (and thus SUSv3) standard the return value for the case of
+    an undersized buffer is inconsistent.  For conforming vsnprintf
+    implementations the function must return the number of characters that
+    would have been printed had the buffer been large enough.  For conforming
+    vswprintf implementations the function must return a negative number
+    and set errno.
+
+    What vswprintf sets errno to is undefined but Darwin seems to set it to
+    EOVERFLOW.  The only expected errno are EILSEQ and EINVAL.  Both of
+    those are defined in the standard and backed up by several conformance
+    statements.  Note that ENOMEM mentioned in the manual page does not
+    apply to swprintf, only wprintf and fwprintf.
+
+    Official manual page:
+    http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/swprintf.html
+
+    Some conformance statements (AIX, Solaris):
+    http://www.opengroup.org/csq/view.mhtml?RID=ibm%2FSD1%2F3
+    http://www.theopengroup.org/csq/view.mhtml?norationale=1&noreferences=1&RID=Fujitsu%2FSE2%2F10
+
+    Since EILSEQ and EINVAL are rather common but EOVERFLOW is not and since
+    EILSEQ and EINVAL are specifically defined to mean the error is other than
+    an undersized buffer and no other errno are defined we treat those two
+    as meaning hard errors and everything else gets the old behaviour which
+    is to keep looping and increasing buffer size until the function succeeds.
+
+    In practice it's impossible to determine before compilation which behaviour
+    may be used.  The vswprintf function may have vsnprintf-like behaviour or
+    vice-versa.  Behaviour detected on one release can theoretically change
+    with an updated release.  Not to mention that configure testing for it
+    would require the test to be run on the host system, not the build system
+    which makes cross compilation difficult. Therefore, we make no assumptions
+    about behaviour and try our best to handle every known case, including the
+    case where wxVsnprintf returns a negative number and fails to set errno.
+
+    There is yet one more non-standard implementation and that is our own.
+    Fortunately, that can be detected at compile-time.
+
+    On top of all that, ISO C99 explicitly defines snprintf to write a null
+    character to the last position of the specified buffer.  That would be at
+    at the given buffer size minus 1.  It is supposed to do this even if it
+    turns out that the buffer is sized too small.
+
+    Darwin (tested on 10.5) follows the C99 behaviour exactly.
+
+    Glibc 2.6 almost follows the C99 behaviour except vswprintf never sets
+    errno even when it fails.  However, it only seems to ever fail due
+    to an undersized buffer.
+*/
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+template<typename BufferType>
+#else
+// we only need one version in non-UTF8 builds and at least two Windows
+// compilers have problems with this function template, so use just one
+// normal function here
+#endif
+static int DoStringPrintfV(wxString& str,
+                           const wxString& format, va_list argptr)

 {
 {

-  wxASSERT( str.GetStringData()->IsValid() );
-
-  wxCHECK_RET( nIndex <= m_nCount, wxT("bad index in wxArrayString::Insert") );
-
-  Grow();
+    int size = 1024;

 
 

-  memmove(&m_pItems[nIndex + 1], &m_pItems[nIndex],
-          (m_nCount - nIndex)*sizeof(wxChar *));
+    for ( ;; )
+    {
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+        BufferType tmp(str, size + 1);
+        typename BufferType::CharType *buf = tmp;
+#else
+        wxStringBuffer tmp(str, size + 1);
+        wxChar *buf = tmp;
+#endif

 
 

-  str.GetStringData()->Lock();
-  m_pItems[nIndex] = (wxChar *)str.c_str();
+        if ( !buf )
+        {
+            // out of memory
+            return -1;
+        }

 
 

-  m_nCount++;
-}
+        // wxVsnprintf() may modify the original arg pointer, so pass it
+        // only a copy
+        va_list argptrcopy;
+        wxVaCopy(argptrcopy, argptr);

 
 

-// removes item from array (by index)
-void wxArrayString::Remove(size_t nIndex)
-{
-  wxCHECK_RET( nIndex <= m_nCount, wxT("bad index in wxArrayString::Remove") );
+#ifndef __WXWINCE__
+        // Set errno to 0 to make it determinate if wxVsnprintf fails to set it.
+        errno = 0;
+#endif
+        int len = wxVsnprintf(buf, size, format, argptrcopy);
+        va_end(argptrcopy);
+
+        // some implementations of vsnprintf() don't NUL terminate
+        // the string if there is not enough space for it so
+        // always do it manually
+        // FIXME: This really seems to be the wrong and would be an off-by-one
+        // bug except the code above allocates an extra character.
+        buf[size] = wxT('\0');
+
+        // vsnprintf() may return either -1 (traditional Unix behaviour) or the
+        // total number of characters which would have been written if the
+        // buffer were large enough (newer standards such as Unix98)
+        if ( len < 0 )
+        {
+            // NB: wxVsnprintf() may call either wxCRT_VsnprintfW or
+            //     wxCRT_VsnprintfA in UTF-8 build; wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
+            //     is true if *both* of them use our own implementation,
+            //     otherwise we can't be sure
+#if wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
+            // we know that our own implementation of wxVsnprintf() returns -1
+            // only for a format error - thus there's something wrong with
+            // the user's format string
+            buf[0] = '\0';
+            return -1;
+#else // possibly using system version
+            // assume it only returns error if there is not enough space, but
+            // as we don't know how much we need, double the current size of
+            // the buffer
+#ifndef __WXWINCE__
+            if( (errno == EILSEQ) || (errno == EINVAL) )
+            // If errno was set to one of the two well-known hard errors
+            // then fail immediately to avoid an infinite loop.
+                return -1;
+            else
+#endif // __WXWINCE__
+            // still not enough, as we don't know how much we need, double the
+            // current size of the buffer
+                size *= 2;
+#endif // wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF/!wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
+        }
+        else if ( len >= size )
+        {
+#if wxUSE_WXVSNPRINTF
+            // we know that our own implementation of wxVsnprintf() returns
+            // size+1 when there's not enough space but that's not the size
+            // of the required buffer!
+            size *= 2;      // so we just double the current size of the buffer
+#else
+            // some vsnprintf() implementations NUL-terminate the buffer and
+            // some don't in len == size case, to be safe always add 1
+            // FIXME: I don't quite understand this comment.  The vsnprintf
+            // function is specifically defined to return the number of
+            // characters printed not including the null terminator.
+            // So OF COURSE you need to add 1 to get the right buffer size.
+            // The following line is definitely correct, no question.
+            size = len + 1;
+#endif
+        }
+        else // ok, there was enough space
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }

 
 

-  // release our lock
-  Item(nIndex).GetStringData()->Unlock();
+    // we could have overshot
+    str.Shrink();

 
 

-  memmove(&m_pItems[nIndex], &m_pItems[nIndex + 1],
-          (m_nCount - nIndex - 1)*sizeof(wxChar *));
-  m_nCount--;
+    return str.length();

 }
 
 }
 

-// removes item from array (by value)
-void wxArrayString::Remove(const wxChar *sz)
+int wxString::PrintfV(const wxString& format, va_list argptr)

 {
 {

-  int iIndex = Index(sz);
-
-  wxCHECK_RET( iIndex != wxNOT_FOUND,
-               wxT("removing inexistent element in wxArrayString::Remove") );
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    #if wxUSE_STL_BASED_WXSTRING
+        typedef wxStringTypeBuffer<char> Utf8Buffer;
+    #else
+        typedef wxStringInternalBuffer Utf8Buffer;
+    #endif
+#endif

 
 

-  Remove(iIndex);
+#if wxUSE_UTF8_LOCALE_ONLY
+    return DoStringPrintfV<Utf8Buffer>(*this, format, argptr);
+#else
+    #if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+    if ( wxLocaleIsUtf8 )
+        return DoStringPrintfV<Utf8Buffer>(*this, format, argptr);
+    else
+        // wxChar* version
+        return DoStringPrintfV<wxStringBuffer>(*this, format, argptr);
+    #else
+        return DoStringPrintfV(*this, format, argptr);
+    #endif // UTF8/WCHAR
+#endif

 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-// sorting
+// misc other operations

 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

-// we can only sort one array at a time with the quick-sort based
-// implementation
-#if wxUSE_THREADS
-  // need a critical section to protect access to gs_compareFunction and
-  // gs_sortAscending variables
-  static wxCriticalSection *gs_critsectStringSort = NULL;
-
-  // call this before the value of the global sort vars is changed/after
-  // you're finished with them
-  #define START_SORT()     wxASSERT( !gs_critsectStringSort );                \
-                           gs_critsectStringSort = new wxCriticalSection;     \
-                           gs_critsectStringSort->Enter()
-  #define END_SORT()       gs_critsectStringSort->Leave();                    \
-                           delete gs_critsectStringSort;                      \
-                           gs_critsectStringSort = NULL
-#else // !threads
-  #define START_SORT()
-  #define END_SORT()
-#endif // wxUSE_THREADS
-
-// function to use for string comparaison
-static wxArrayString::CompareFunction gs_compareFunction = NULL;
-
-// if we don't use the compare function, this flag tells us if we sort the
-// array in ascending or descending order
-static bool gs_sortAscending = TRUE;
-
-// function which is called by quick sort
-static int LINKAGEMODE wxStringCompareFunction(const void *first, const void *second)
-{
-  wxString *strFirst = (wxString *)first;
-  wxString *strSecond = (wxString *)second;
-
-  if ( gs_compareFunction ) {
-    return gs_compareFunction(*strFirst, *strSecond);
-  }
-  else {
-    // maybe we should use wxStrcoll
-    int result = wxStrcmp(strFirst->c_str(), strSecond->c_str());
+// returns true if the string matches the pattern which may contain '*' and
+// '?' metacharacters (as usual, '?' matches any character and '*' any number
+// of them)
+bool wxString::Matches(const wxString& mask) const
+{
+    // I disable this code as it doesn't seem to be faster (in fact, it seems
+    // to be much slower) than the old, hand-written code below and using it
+    // here requires always linking with libregex even if the user code doesn't
+    // use it
+#if 0 // wxUSE_REGEX
+    // first translate the shell-like mask into a regex
+    wxString pattern;
+    pattern.reserve(wxStrlen(pszMask));
+
+    pattern += wxT('^');
+    while ( *pszMask )
+    {
+        switch ( *pszMask )
+        {
+            case wxT('?'):
+                pattern += wxT('.');
+                break;
+
+            case wxT('*'):
+                pattern += wxT(".*");
+                break;
+
+            case wxT('^'):
+            case wxT('.'):
+            case wxT('$'):
+            case wxT('('):
+            case wxT(')'):
+            case wxT('|'):
+            case wxT('+'):
+            case wxT('\\'):
+                // these characters are special in a RE, quote them
+                // (however note that we don't quote '[' and ']' to allow
+                // using them for Unix shell like matching)
+                pattern += wxT('\\');
+                // fall through
+
+            default:
+                pattern += *pszMask;
+        }

 
 

-    return gs_sortAscending ? result : -result;
-  }
-}
+        pszMask++;
+    }
+    pattern += wxT('$');
+
+    // and now use it
+    return wxRegEx(pattern, wxRE_NOSUB | wxRE_EXTENDED).Matches(c_str());
+#else // !wxUSE_REGEX
+  // TODO: this is, of course, awfully inefficient...
+
+  // FIXME-UTF8: implement using iterators, remove #if
+#if wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8
+  const wxScopedWCharBuffer maskBuf = mask.wc_str();
+  const wxScopedWCharBuffer txtBuf = wc_str();
+  const wxChar *pszMask = maskBuf.data();
+  const wxChar *pszTxt = txtBuf.data();
+#else
+  const wxChar *pszMask = mask.wx_str();
+  // the char currently being checked
+  const wxChar *pszTxt = wx_str();
+#endif

 
 

-// sort array elements using passed comparaison function
-void wxArrayString::Sort(CompareFunction compareFunction)
-{
-  START_SORT();
+  // the last location where '*' matched
+  const wxChar *pszLastStarInText = NULL;
+  const wxChar *pszLastStarInMask = NULL;

 
 

-  wxASSERT( !gs_compareFunction );  // must have been reset to NULL
-  gs_compareFunction = compareFunction;
+match:
+  for ( ; *pszMask != wxT('\0'); pszMask++, pszTxt++ ) {
+    switch ( *pszMask ) {
+      case wxT('?'):
+        if ( *pszTxt == wxT('\0') )
+          return false;

 
 

-  DoSort();
+        // pszTxt and pszMask will be incremented in the loop statement

 
 

-  END_SORT();
-}
+        break;

 
 

-void wxArrayString::Sort(bool reverseOrder)
-{
-  START_SORT();
+      case wxT('*'):
+        {
+          // remember where we started to be able to backtrack later
+          pszLastStarInText = pszTxt;
+          pszLastStarInMask = pszMask;
+
+          // ignore special chars immediately following this one
+          // (should this be an error?)
+          while ( *pszMask == wxT('*') || *pszMask == wxT('?') )
+            pszMask++;
+
+          // if there is nothing more, match
+          if ( *pszMask == wxT('\0') )
+            return true;
+
+          // are there any other metacharacters in the mask?
+          size_t uiLenMask;
+          const wxChar *pEndMask = wxStrpbrk(pszMask, wxT("*?"));
+
+          if ( pEndMask != NULL ) {
+            // we have to match the string between two metachars
+            uiLenMask = pEndMask - pszMask;
+          }
+          else {
+            // we have to match the remainder of the string
+            uiLenMask = wxStrlen(pszMask);
+          }
+
+          wxString strToMatch(pszMask, uiLenMask);
+          const wxChar* pMatch = wxStrstr(pszTxt, strToMatch);
+          if ( pMatch == NULL )
+            return false;
+
+          // -1 to compensate "++" in the loop
+          pszTxt = pMatch + uiLenMask - 1;
+          pszMask += uiLenMask - 1;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        if ( *pszMask != *pszTxt )
+          return false;
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // match only if nothing left
+  if ( *pszTxt == wxT('\0') )
+    return true;
+
+  // if we failed to match, backtrack if we can
+  if ( pszLastStarInText ) {
+    pszTxt = pszLastStarInText + 1;
+    pszMask = pszLastStarInMask;
+
+    pszLastStarInText = NULL;

 
 

-  wxASSERT( !gs_compareFunction );  // must have been reset to NULL
-  gs_sortAscending = !reverseOrder;
+    // don't bother resetting pszLastStarInMask, it's unnecessary

 
 

-  DoSort();
+    goto match;
+  }

 
 

-  END_SORT();
+  return false;
+#endif // wxUSE_REGEX/!wxUSE_REGEX

 }
 
 }
 

-void wxArrayString::DoSort()
+// Count the number of chars
+int wxString::Freq(wxUniChar ch) const

 {
 {

-  wxCHECK_RET( !m_autoSort, wxT("can't use this method with sorted arrays") );
-
-  // just sort the pointers using qsort() - of course it only works because
-  // wxString() *is* a pointer to its data
-  qsort(m_pItems, m_nCount, sizeof(wxChar *), wxStringCompareFunction);
+    int count = 0;
+    for ( const_iterator i = begin(); i != end(); ++i )
+    {
+        if ( *i == ch )
+            count ++;
+    }
+    return count;

 }
 
 }