Classes: \helpref{wxApp}{wxapp}
-A wxWindows application does not have a {\it main} procedure; the equivalent is the
+A wxWidgets application does not have a {\it main} procedure; the equivalent is the
\rtfsp\helpref{OnInit}{wxapponinit} member defined for a class derived from wxApp.\rtfsp
\rtfsp{\it OnInit} will usually create a top window as a bare minimum.
-Unlike in earlier versions of wxWindows, OnInit does not return a frame. Instead it
-returns a boolean value which indicates whether processing should continue (TRUE) or not (FALSE).
-You call \helpref{wxApp::SetTopWindow}{wxappsettopwindow} to let wxWindows know
+Unlike in earlier versions of wxWidgets, OnInit does not return a frame. Instead it
+returns a boolean value which indicates whether processing should continue (true) or not (false).
+You call \helpref{wxApp::SetTopWindow}{wxappsettopwindow} to let wxWidgets know
about the top window.
-Note that the program's command line arguments, represented by {\it
-argc} and {\it argv}, are available from within wxApp member functions.
+Note that the program's command line arguments, represented by {\it argc}
+and {\it argv}, are available from within wxApp member functions.
An application closes by destroying all windows. Because all frames must
be destroyed for the application to exit, it is advisable to use parent
frames wherever possible when creating new frames, so that deleting the
top level frame will automatically delete child frames. The alternative
-is to explicitly delete child frames in the top-level frame's \helpref{wxWindow::OnCloseWindow}{wxwindowonclosewindow}\rtfsp
+is to explicitly delete child frames in the top-level frame's \helpref{wxCloseEvent}{wxcloseevent}\rtfsp
handler.
In emergencies the \helpref{wxExit}{wxexit} function can be called to kill the
-application.
+application however normally the application shuts down automatically,
+\helpref{see below}{wxappshutdownoverview}.
An example of defining an application follows:
\begin{verbatim}
-class DerivedApp: public wxApp
+class DerivedApp : public wxApp
{
- public:
- bool OnInit(void);
+public:
+ virtual bool OnInit();
};
IMPLEMENT_APP(DerivedApp)
-bool DerivedApp::OnInit(void)
+bool DerivedApp::OnInit()
{
- wxFrame *the_frame = new wxFrame(NULL, argv[0]);
+ wxFrame *the_frame = new wxFrame(NULL, ID_MYFRAME, argv[0]);
...
+ the_frame->Show(true);
SetTopWindow(the_frame);
- return TRUE;
+ return true;
}
\end{verbatim}
-Note the use of IMPLEMENT\_APP(appClass), which allows wxWindows to dynamically create an instance of the application object
-at the appropriate point in wxWindows initialization. Previous versions of wxWindows used
+Note the use of IMPLEMENT\_APP(appClass), which allows wxWidgets to dynamically create an instance of the application object
+at the appropriate point in wxWidgets initialization. Previous versions of wxWidgets used
to rely on the creation of a global application object, but this is no longer recommended,
because required global initialization may not have been performed at application object
construction time.
You can also use DECLARE\_APP(appClass) in a header file to declare the wxGetApp function which returns
-a reference to the application object.
+a reference to the application object. Otherwise you can only use the global
+\texttt{wxTheApp} pointer which is of type \texttt{wxApp *}.
+
+
+\subsection{Application shutdown}\label{wxappshutdownoverview}
+
+The application normally shuts down when the last of its top level windows is
+closed. This is normally the expected behaviour and means that it is enough to
+call \helpref{Close()}{wxwindowclose} in response to the {\tt "Exit"} menu
+command if your program has a single top level window. If this behaviour is not
+desirable \helpref{wxApp::SetExitOnFrameDelete}{wxappsetexitonframedelete} can
+be called to change it. Note that starting from wxWidgets 2.3.3 such logic
+doesn't apply for the windows shown before the program enters the main loop: in
+other words, you can safely show a dialog from
+\helpref{wxApp::OnInit}{wxapponinit} and not be afraid that your application
+terminates when this dialog -- which is the last top level window for the
+moment -- is closed.
+
+
+Another aspect of the application shutdown is \helpref{OnExit}{wxapponexit}
+which is called when the application exits but {\it before} wxWidgets cleans up
+its internal structures. You should delete all wxWidgets object that you
+created by the time OnExit finishes. In particular, do {\bf not} destroy them
+from application class' destructor!
+
+For example, this code may crash:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+class MyApp : public wxApp
+{
+ public:
+ wxCHMHelpController m_helpCtrl;
+ ...
+};
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The reason for that is that {\tt m\_helpCtrl} is a member object and is
+thus destroyed from MyApp destructor. But MyApp object is deleted after
+wxWidgets structures that wxCHMHelpController depends on were
+uninitialized! The solution is to destroy HelpCtrl in {\it OnExit}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+class MyApp : public wxApp
+{
+ public:
+ wxCHMHelpController *m_helpCtrl;
+ ...
+};
+
+bool MyApp::OnInit()
+{
+ ...
+ m_helpCtrl = new wxCHMHelpController;
+ ...
+}
+
+int MyApp::OnExit()
+{
+ delete m_helpCtrl;
+ return 0;
+}
+\end{verbatim}
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