-/*
- * Program: scroll
- *
- * Author: Robert Roebling
- *
- * Copyright: (C) 1998, Robert Roebling
- * 2002, Ron Lee
- *
- */
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Name: scroll.cpp
+// Purpose: wxScrolledWindow sample
+// Author: Robert Roebling
+// Modified by:
+// Created:
+// RCS-ID: $Id$
+// Copyright: (C) 1998 Robert Roebling, 2002 Ron Lee, 2003 Matt Gregory
+// Licence: wxWindows license
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx/wx.h".
#include "wx/wxprec.h"
void OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
void OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
void OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &event );
- void OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event );
+ void OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event );
+ void OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event );
wxButton *m_button;
{
// no horz scrolling
SetScrollRate( 0, m_hLine );
- SetVirtualSize( -1, ( m_nLines + 1 ) * m_hLine );
+ SetVirtualSize( wxDefaultCoord, ( m_nLines + 1 ) * m_hLine );
}
virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
};
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow: implements a text viewer with simple blocksize
+// selection to test auto-scrolling functionality
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow : public wxScrolledWindow
+{
+protected: // member data
+ // test data variables
+ static const wxChar* sm_testData;
+ static const int sm_lineCnt; // line count
+ static const int sm_lineLen; // line length in characters
+ // sizes for graphical data
+ wxCoord m_fontH, m_fontW;
+ // selection tracking
+ wxPoint m_selStart; // beginning of blockwise selection
+ wxPoint m_cursor; // end of blockwise selection (mouse position)
+
+protected: // gui stuff
+ wxFont m_font;
+
+public: // interface
+ MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( wxWindow* parent );
+ wxRect DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const;
+ wxPoint DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const;
+ wxPoint GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(wxPoint pos) const;
+ wxRect LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const;
+ wxPoint LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const;
+ wxPoint GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint pos) const;
+ void MyRefresh();
+ bool IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const;
+ static bool IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2);
+ static wxRect DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y, wxCoord w, wxCoord h);
+
+protected: // event stuff
+ void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
+ void OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event);
+ void OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
+ void OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event);
+ void OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event);
+
+ DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
+};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MyFrame
DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MyApp
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class MyApp: public wxApp
{
virtual bool OnInit();
};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// main program
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
const long ID_NEWBUTTON = wxNewId();
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MyCanvas
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
EVT_PAINT( MyCanvas::OnPaint)
- EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS( MyCanvas::OnMouseDown)
+ EVT_RIGHT_DOWN( MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown)
+ EVT_MOUSEWHEEL( MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel)
EVT_BUTTON( ID_QUERYPOS, MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition)
EVT_BUTTON( ID_ADDBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnAddButton)
EVT_BUTTON( ID_DELBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton)
SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_IBEAM ) );
}
-void MyCanvas::OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event )
+void MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event )
{
- if (event.LeftDown())
- {
- wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
- int x,y;
- CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
- wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y, x, y );
+ wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
+ int x,y;
+ CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
+ wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y, x, y );
+}
- if ( !event.LeftIsDown() )
- wxLogMessage( wxT("Error: LeftIsDown() should be true if for LeftDown()") );
- }
+void MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event )
+{
+ wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
+ int x,y;
+ CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
+ wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse wheel event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d\n")
+ wxT("Rotation: %d, delta = %d"),
+ pt.x, pt.y, x, y,
+ event.GetWheelRotation(), event.GetWheelDelta() );
+
+ event.Skip();
}
void MyCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
wxLogMessage( wxT("Scrolling 2 units up.\nThe white square and the controls should move equally!") );
int x,y;
GetViewStart( &x, &y );
- Scroll( -1, y+2 );
+ Scroll( wxDefaultCoord, y+2 );
}
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MyAutoScrollWindow
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
const long ID_RESIZEBUTTON = wxNewId();
const wxSize SMALL_BUTTON( 100, 50 );
END_EVENT_TABLE()
MyAutoScrollWindow::MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent )
- : wxScrolledWindow( parent )
+ : wxScrolledWindow( parent, -1, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
+ wxSUNKEN_BORDER|wxScrolledWindowStyle )
{
SetBackgroundColour( wxT("GREEN") );
FitInside();
}
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MyFrame
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-const long ID_QUIT = wxNewId();
-const long ID_ABOUT = wxNewId();
-const long ID_DELETE_ALL = wxNewId();
-const long ID_INSERT_NEW = wxNewId();
+const long ID_QUIT = wxID_EXIT;
+const long ID_ABOUT = wxID_ABOUT;
+const long ID_DELETE_ALL = 100;
+const long ID_INSERT_NEW = 101;
IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MyFrame, wxFrame )
MyFrame::MyFrame()
: wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, wxID_ANY, _T("wxScrolledWindow sample"),
- wxPoint(20,20), wxSize(470,500) )
+ wxPoint(20,20), wxSize(800,500) )
{
wxMenu *file_menu = new wxMenu();
file_menu->Append( ID_DELETE_ALL, _T("Delete all"));
SetStatusWidths( 2, widths );
#endif // wxUSE_STATUSBAR
- wxBoxSizer *topsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxVERTICAL );
+ wxBoxSizer *topsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxHORIZONTAL );
+ // subsizer splits topsizer down the middle
+ wxBoxSizer *subsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxVERTICAL );
// Setting an explicit size here is superfluous, it will be overridden
// by the sizer in any case.
// both should produce identical results.
//m_canvas->SetScrollbars( 10, 10, 50, 100 );
- topsizer->Add( m_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND );
- topsizer->Add( new MyAutoScrollWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
+ subsizer->Add( m_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND );
+ subsizer->Add( new MyAutoScrollWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
wxSizer *sizerBtm = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowDumb(this), 1, wxEXPAND );
sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowSmart(this), 1, wxEXPAND );
- topsizer->Add( sizerBtm, 1, wxEXPAND );
+ subsizer->Add( sizerBtm, 1, wxEXPAND );
+
+ topsizer->Add( subsizer, 1, wxEXPAND );
+ topsizer->Add( new MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
SetSizer( topsizer );
}
void MyFrame::OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
{
- (void)wxMessageBox( _T("wxScroll demo\n")
- _T("Robert Roebling (c) 1998\n")
- _T("Autoscrolling examples\n")
- _T("Ron Lee (c) 2002"),
- _T("About wxScroll Demo"),
- wxICON_INFORMATION | wxOK );
+ (void)wxMessageBox( _T("wxScroll demo\n")
+ _T("Robert Roebling (c) 1998\n")
+ _T("Autoscrolling examples\n")
+ _T("Ron Lee (c) 2002\n")
+ _T("Auto-timed-scrolling example\n")
+ _T("Matt Gregory (c) 2003\n"),
+ _T("About wxScroll Demo"),
+ wxICON_INFORMATION | wxOK );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
y += m_hLine;
}
}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow, wxScrolledWindow)
+ EVT_LEFT_DOWN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown)
+ EVT_LEFT_UP(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp)
+ EVT_MOTION(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove)
+ EVT_SCROLLWIN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll)
+END_EVENT_TABLE()
+
+MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow(wxWindow* parent)
+ : wxScrolledWindow(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize
+ //, wxSUNKEN_BORDER) // can't seem to do it this way
+ , wxVSCROLL | wxHSCROLL | wxSUNKEN_BORDER)
+ , m_selStart(-1, -1), m_cursor(-1, -1)
+ , m_font(9, wxFONTFAMILY_TELETYPE, wxFONTSTYLE_NORMAL
+ , wxFONTWEIGHT_NORMAL)
+{
+ wxClientDC dc(this);
+ // query dc for text size
+ dc.SetFont(m_font);
+ dc.GetTextExtent(wxString(_T("A")), &m_fontW, &m_fontH);
+ // set up the virtual window
+ SetScrollbars(m_fontW, m_fontH, sm_lineLen, sm_lineCnt);
+}
+
+wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars
+ (wxRect updRect) const
+{
+ wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition());
+ pos = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos);
+ updRect.x = pos.x;
+ updRect.y = pos.y;
+ updRect.width /= m_fontW;
+ updRect.height /= m_fontH;
+ // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner,
+ // so an off-by-one correction is needed
+ ++updRect.width; // kludge
+ ++updRect.height; // kludge
+ return updRect;
+}
+
+wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars
+ (wxPoint pos) const
+{
+ pos.x /= m_fontW;
+ pos.y /= m_fontH;
+ int vX, vY;
+ GetViewStart(&vX, &vY);
+ pos.x += vX;
+ pos.y += vY;
+ return pos;
+}
+
+wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords
+ (wxPoint pos) const
+{
+ int vX, vY;
+ GetViewStart(&vX, &vY);
+ pos.x -= vX;
+ pos.y -= vY;
+ pos.x *= m_fontW;
+ pos.y *= m_fontH;
+ return pos;
+}
+
+wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars
+ (wxRect updRect) const
+{
+ wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition());
+ pos = LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos);
+ updRect.x = pos.x;
+ updRect.y = pos.y;
+ updRect.width /= m_fontW;
+ updRect.height /= m_fontH;
+ // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner,
+ // so an off-by-one correction is needed
+ ++updRect.width; // kludge
+ ++updRect.height; // kludge
+ return updRect;
+}
+
+wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars
+ (wxPoint pos) const
+{
+ pos.x /= m_fontW;
+ pos.y /= m_fontH;
+ return pos;
+}
+
+wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords
+ (wxPoint pos) const
+{
+ pos.x *= m_fontW;
+ pos.y *= m_fontH;
+ return pos;
+}
+
+void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyRefresh()
+{
+ static wxPoint lastSelStart(-1, -1), lastCursor(-1, -1);
+ // refresh last selected area (to deselect previously selected text)
+ wxRect lastUpdRect(
+ GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastSelStart),
+ GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastCursor)
+ );
+ // off-by-one corrections, necessary because it's not possible to know
+ // when to round up until rect is normalized by lastUpdRect constructor
+ lastUpdRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge
+ lastUpdRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge
+ // refresh currently selected (to select previously unselected text)
+ wxRect updRect(
+ GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_selStart),
+ GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_cursor)
+ );
+ // off-by-one corrections
+ updRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge
+ updRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge
+ // find necessary refresh areas
+ wxCoord rx = lastUpdRect.x;
+ wxCoord ry = lastUpdRect.y;
+ wxCoord rw = updRect.x - lastUpdRect.x;
+ wxCoord rh = lastUpdRect.height;
+ if (rw && rh) {
+ RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
+ }
+ rx = updRect.x;
+ ry = updRect.y + updRect.height;
+ rw= updRect.width;
+ rh = (lastUpdRect.y + lastUpdRect.height) - (updRect.y + updRect.height);
+ if (rw && rh) {
+ RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
+ }
+ rx = updRect.x + updRect.width;
+ ry = lastUpdRect.y;
+ rw = (lastUpdRect.x + lastUpdRect.width) - (updRect.x + updRect.width);
+ rh = lastUpdRect.height;
+ if (rw && rh) {
+ RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
+ }
+ rx = updRect.x;
+ ry = lastUpdRect.y;
+ rw = updRect.width;
+ rh = updRect.y - lastUpdRect.y;
+ if (rw && rh) {
+ RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh));
+ }
+ // update last
+ lastSelStart = m_selStart;
+ lastCursor = m_cursor;
+}
+
+bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const
+{
+ if (IsInside(chX, m_selStart.x, m_cursor.x)
+ && IsInside(chY, m_selStart.y, m_cursor.y)) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2)
+{
+ if ((k >= bound1 && k <= bound2) || (k >= bound2 && k <= bound1)) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y
+ , wxCoord w, wxCoord h)
+{
+ // this is needed to get rid of the graphical remnants from the selection
+ // I think it's because DrawRectangle() excludes a pixel in either direction
+ const int kludge = 1;
+ // make (x, y) the top-left corner
+ if (w < 0) {
+ w = -w + kludge;
+ x -= w;
+ } else {
+ x -= kludge;
+ w += kludge;
+ }
+ if (h < 0) {
+ h = -h + kludge;
+ y -= h;
+ } else {
+ y -= kludge;
+ h += kludge;
+ }
+ return wxRect(x, y, w, h);
+}
+
+void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnDraw(wxDC& dc)
+{
+ dc.SetFont(m_font);
+ wxBrush normBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOW)
+ , wxSOLID);
+ wxBrush selBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT)
+ , wxSOLID);
+ dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+ wxString str = sm_testData;
+
+ // draw the characters
+ // 1. for each update region
+ for (wxRegionIterator upd(GetUpdateRegion()); upd; ++upd) {
+ wxRect updRect = upd.GetRect();
+ wxRect updRectInGChars(DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(updRect));
+ // 2. for each row of chars in the update region
+ for (int chY = updRectInGChars.y
+ ; chY <= updRectInGChars.y + updRectInGChars.height; ++chY) {
+ // 3. for each character in the row
+ for (int chX = updRectInGChars.x
+ ; chX <= updRectInGChars.x + updRectInGChars.width
+ ; ++chX) {
+ // 4. set up dc
+ if (IsSelected(chX, chY)) {
+ dc.SetBrush(selBrush);
+ dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour
+ (wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHTTEXT));
+ } else {
+ dc.SetBrush(normBrush);
+ dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour
+ (wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOWTEXT));
+ }
+ // 5. find position info
+ wxPoint charPos = GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint
+ (chX, chY));
+ // 6. draw!
+ dc.DrawRectangle(charPos.x, charPos.y, m_fontW, m_fontH);
+ size_t charIndex = chY * sm_lineLen + chX;
+ if (chY < sm_lineCnt &&
+ chX < sm_lineLen &&
+ charIndex < str.Length())
+ {
+ dc.DrawText(str.Mid(charIndex,1),
+ charPos.x, charPos.y);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event)
+{
+ // initial press of mouse button sets the beginning of the selection
+ m_selStart = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition());
+ // set the cursor to the same position
+ m_cursor = m_selStart;
+ // draw/erase selection
+ MyRefresh();
+}
+
+void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
+{
+ // this test is necessary
+ if (HasCapture()) {
+ // uncapture mouse
+ ReleaseMouse();
+ }
+}
+
+void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event)
+{
+ // if user is dragging
+ if (event.Dragging() && event.LeftIsDown()) {
+ // set the new cursor position
+ m_cursor = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition());
+ // draw/erase selection
+ MyRefresh();
+ // capture mouse to activate auto-scrolling
+ if (!HasCapture()) {
+ CaptureMouse();
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event)
+{
+ // need to move the cursor when autoscrolling
+ // FIXME: the cursor also moves when the scrollbar arrows are clicked
+ if (HasCapture()) {
+ if (event.GetOrientation() == wxHORIZONTAL) {
+ if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
+ --m_cursor.x;
+ } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
+ ++m_cursor.x;
+ }
+ } else if (event.GetOrientation() == wxVERTICAL) {
+ if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
+ --m_cursor.y;
+ } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
+ ++m_cursor.y;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ MyRefresh();
+ event.Skip();
+}
+
+const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineCnt = 125;
+const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineLen = 79;
+const wxChar* MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_testData =
+_T("162 Cult of the genius out of vanity. Because we think well of ourselves, but ")
+_T("nonetheless never suppose ourselves capable of producing a painting like one of ")
+_T("Raphael's or a dramatic scene like one of Shakespeare's, we convince ourselves ")
+_T("that the capacity to do so is quite extraordinarily marvelous, a wholly ")
+_T("uncommon accident, or, if we are still religiously inclined, a mercy from on ")
+_T("high. Thus our vanity, our self-love, promotes the cult of the genius: for only ")
+_T("if we think of him as being very remote from us, as a miraculum, does he not ")
+_T("aggrieve us (even Goethe, who was without envy, called Shakespeare his star of ")
+_T("the most distant heights [\"William! Stern der schonsten Ferne\": from Goethe's, ")
+_T("\"Between Two Worlds\"]; in regard to which one might recall the lines: \"the ")
+_T("stars, these we do not desire\" [from Goethe's, \"Comfort in Tears\"]). But, aside ")
+_T("from these suggestions of our vanity, the activity of the genius seems in no ")
+_T("way fundamentally different from the activity of the inventor of machines, the ")
+_T("scholar of astronomy or history, the master of tactics. All these activities ")
+_T("are explicable if one pictures to oneself people whose thinking is active in ")
+_T("one direction, who employ everything as material, who always zealously observe ")
+_T("their own inner life and that of others, who perceive everywhere models and ")
+_T("incentives, who never tire of combining together the means available to them. ")
+_T("Genius too does nothing except learn first how to lay bricks then how to build, ")
+_T("except continually seek for material and continually form itself around it. ")
+_T("Every activity of man is amazingly complicated, not only that of the genius: ")
+_T("but none is a \"miracle.\" Whence, then, the belief that genius exists only in ")
+_T("the artist, orator and philosopher? that only they have \"intuition\"? (Whereby ")
+_T("they are supposed to possess a kind of miraculous eyeglass with which they can ")
+_T("see directly into \"the essence of the thing\"!) It is clear that people speak of ")
+_T("genius only where the effects of the great intellect are most pleasant to them ")
+_T("and where they have no desire to feel envious. To call someone \"divine\" means: ")
+_T("\"here there is no need for us to compete.\" Then, everything finished and ")
+_T("complete is regarded with admiration, everything still becoming is undervalued. ")
+_T("But no one can see in the work of the artist how it has become; that is its ")
+_T("advantage, for wherever one can see the act of becoming one grows somewhat ")
+_T("cool. The finished and perfect art of representation repulses all thinking as ")
+_T("to how it has become; it tyrannizes as present completeness and perfection. ")
+_T("That is why the masters of the art of representation count above all as gifted ")
+_T("with genius and why men of science do not. In reality, this evaluation of the ")
+_T("former and undervaluation of the latter is only a piece of childishness in the ")
+_T("realm of reason. ")
+_T("\n\n")
+_T("163 The serious workman. Do not talk about giftedness, inborn talents! One can ")
+_T("name great men of all kinds who were very little gifted. The acquired ")
+_T("greatness, became \"geniuses\" (as we put it), through qualities the lack of ")
+_T("which no one who knew what they were would boast of: they all possessed that ")
+_T("seriousness of the efficient workman which first learns to construct the parts ")
+_T("properly before it ventures to fashion a great whole; they allowed themselves ")
+_T("time for it, because they took more pleasure in making the little, secondary ")
+_T("things well than in the effect of a dazzling whole. the recipe for becoming a ")
+_T("good novelist, for example, is easy to give, but to carry it out presupposes ")
+_T("qualities one is accustomed to overlook when one says \"I do not have enough ")
+_T("talent.\" One has only to make a hundred or so sketches for novels, none longer ")
+_T("than two pages but of such distinctness that every word in them is necessary; ")
+_T("one should write down anecdotes each day until one has learned how to give them ")
+_T("the most pregnant and effective form; one should be tireless in collecting and ")
+_T("describing human types and characters; one should above all relate things to ")
+_T("others and listen to others relate, keeping one's eyes and ears open for the ")
+_T("effect produced on those present, one should travel like a landscape painter or ")
+_T("costume designer; one should excerpt for oneself out of the individual sciences ")
+_T("everything that will produce an artistic effect when it is well described, one ")
+_T("should, finally, reflect on the motives of human actions, disdain no signpost ")
+_T("to instruction about them and be a collector of these things by day and night. ")
+_T("One should continue in this many-sided exercise some ten years: what is then ")
+_T("created in the workshop, however, will be fit to go out into the world. What, ")
+_T("however, do most people do? They begin, not with the parts, but with the whole. ")
+_T("Perhaps they chance to strike a right note, excite attention and from then on ")
+_T("strike worse and worse notes, for good, natural reasons. Sometimes, when the ")
+_T("character and intellect needed to formulate such a life-plan are lacking, fate ")
+_T("and need take their place and lead the future master step by step through all ")
+_T("the stipulations of his trade. ")
+_T("\n\n")
+_T("164 Peril and profit in the cult of the genius. The belief in great, superior, ")
+_T("fruitful spirits is not necessarily, yet nonetheless is very frequently ")
+_T("associated with that religious or semi-religious superstition that these ")
+_T("spirits are of supra-human origin and possess certain miraculous abilities by ")
+_T("virtue of which they acquire their knowledge by quite other means than the rest ")
+_T("of mankind. One ascribes to them, it seems, a direct view of the nature of the ")
+_T("world, as it were a hole in the cloak of appearance, and believes that, by ")
+_T("virtue of this miraculous seer's vision, they are able to communicate something ")
+_T("conclusive and decisive about man and the world without the toil and ")
+_T("rigorousness required by science. As long as there continue to be those who ")
+_T("believe in the miraculous in the domain of knowledge one can perhaps concede ")
+_T("that these people themselves derive some benefit from their belief, inasmuch as ")
+_T("through their unconditional subjection to the great spirits they create for ")
+_T("their own spirit during its time of development the finest form of discipline ")
+_T("and schooling. On the other hand, it is at least questionable whether the ")
+_T("superstitious belief in genius, in its privileges and special abilities, is of ")
+_T("benefit to the genius himself if it takes root in him. It is in any event a ")
+_T("dangerous sign when a man is assailed by awe of himself, whether it be the ")
+_T("celebrated Caesar's awe of Caesar or the awe of one's own genius now under ")
+_T("consideration; when the sacrificial incense which is properly rendered only to ")
+_T("a god penetrates the brain of the genius, so that his head begins to swim and ")
+_T("he comes to regard himself as something supra-human. The consequences that ")
+_T("slowly result are: the feeling of irresponsibility, of exceptional rights, the ")
+_T("belief that he confers a favor by his mere presence, insane rage when anyone ")
+_T("attempts even to compare him with others, let alone to rate him beneath them, ")
+_T("or to draw attention to lapses in his work. Because he ceases to practice ")
+_T("criticism of himself, at last one pinion after the other falls out of his ")
+_T("plumage: that superstitious eats at the roots of his powers and perhaps even ")
+_T("turns him into a hypocrite after his powers have fled from him. For the great ")
+_T("spirits themselves it is therefore probably more beneficial if they acquire an ")
+_T("insight into the nature and origin of their powers, if they grasp, that is to ")
+_T("say, what purely human qualities have come together in them and what fortunate ")
+_T("circumstances attended them: in the first place undiminished energy, resolute ")
+_T("application to individual goals, great personal courage, then the good fortune ")
+_T("to receive an upbringing which offered in the early years the finest teachers, ")
+_T("models and methods. To be sure, when their goal is the production of the ")
+_T("greatest possible effect, unclarity with regard to oneself and that ")
+_T("semi-insanity superadded to it has always achieved much; for what has been ")
+_T("admired and envied at all times has been that power in them by virtue of which ")
+_T("they render men will-less and sweep them away into the delusion that the ")
+_T("leaders they are following are supra-natural. Indeed, it elevates and inspires ")
+_T("men to believe that someone is in possession of supra-natural powers: to this ")
+_T("extent Plato was right to say [Plato: Phaedrus, 244a] that madness has brought ")
+_T("the greatest of blessings upon mankind. In rare individual cases this portion ")
+_T("of madness may, indeed, actually have been the means by which such a nature, ")
+_T("excessive in all directions, was held firmly together: in the life of ")
+_T("individuals, too, illusions that are in themselves poisons often play the role ")
+_T("of healers; yet, in the end, in the case of every \"genius\" who believes in his ")
+_T("own divinity the poison shows itself to the same degree as his \"genius\" grows ")
+_T("old: one may recall, for example, the case of Napoleon, whose nature certainly ")
+_T("grew into the mighty unity that sets him apart from all men of modern times ")
+_T("precisely through his belief in himself and his star and through the contempt ")
+_T("for men that flowed from it; until in the end, however, this same belief went ")
+_T("over into an almost insane fatalism, robbed him of his acuteness and swiftness ")
+_T("of perception, and became the cause of his destruction.");
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