@class wxString
@wxheader{string.h}
- wxString is a class representing a character string. Please see the
- @ref overview_wxstringoverview "wxString overview" for more information about
- it.
-
- As explained there, wxString implements most of the methods of the std::string
- class.
- These standard functions are not documented in this manual, please see the
- STL documentation).
- The behaviour of all these functions is identical to the behaviour described
- there.
-
- You may notice that wxString sometimes has many functions which do the same
- thing like, for example, wxString::Length,
- wxString::Len and @c length() which all return the string
- length. In all cases of such duplication the @c std::string-compatible
- method (@c length() in this case, always the lowercase version) should be
+ wxString is a class representing a character string. It uses
+ reference counting and copy-on-write internally and is not
+ thread-safe. Please see the
+ @ref overview_string "wxString overview" and the
+ @ref overview_unicode "Unicode overview" for more information
+ about it.
+
+ Since wxWidgets 3.0 wxString internally uses UCS-2 (basically 2-byte per
+ character wchar_t) under Windows and UTF-8 under Unix, Linux and
+ OS X to store its content. Much work has been done to make
+ existing code using ANSI string literals work as before.
+
+ wxString implements most of the methods of the
+ std::string class. These standard functions are not documented in
+ this manual, please see the STL documentation. The behaviour of
+ all these functions is identical to the behaviour described there.
+
+ You may notice that wxString sometimes has many functions which do
+ the same thing like, for example, wxString::Length, wxString::Len and @c length()
+ which all return the string length. In all cases of such duplication the @c std::string
+ compatible method (@c length() in this case, always the lowercase version) should be
used as it will ensure smoother transition to @c std::string when wxWidgets
starts using it instead of wxString.
+ Anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string. However, you can't
+ append something to a C string (including literal constants), so to do this it
+ should be converted to a wxString first.
+
+ @li @ref operatorout() "operator "
+ @li operator+=()
+ @li operator+()
+ @li Append()
+ @li Prepend()
+
+ A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
+ a single character or a wide (UNICODE) string. For all constructors (except the
+ default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
+ operator.
+
+ @li wxString()
+ @li operator=()
+ @li ~wxString
+
+ The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
+ return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
+ lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
+
+ @li MakeUpper()
+ @li Upper()
+ @li MakeLower()
+ @li Lower()
+
+
+ Many functions in this section take a character index in the string. As with C
+ strings and/or arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character of a
+ string is string[0]. Attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
+ string (which may be even 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
+ failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug build", but no checks are
+ done in release builds.
+ This section also contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
+ strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, it is advised to use
+ explicit c_str() method for the sake of clarity.
+
+ @li GetChar()
+ @li GetWritableChar()
+ @li SetChar()
+ @li Last()
+ @li operator[]
+ @li c_str()
+ @li mb_str()
+ @li wc_str()
+ @li fn_str()
+ @li operator const char*()
+
+ The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and
+ so is the default version of IsSameAs(). For case
+ insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase() or
+ give a second parameter to IsSameAs. This last function is may be more
+ convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
+ @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false
+ in C)as Cmp() does.
+ Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher: it only understands
+ '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line interpreter.
+ StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
+ with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
+ comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix then.
+
+ @li Cmp()
+ @li CmpNoCase()
+ @li IsSameAs()
+ @li Matches()
+ @li StartsWith()
+ @li EndsWith()
+
+ The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
+ floating point numbers. All three functions take a pointer to the variable to
+ put the numeric value in and return @true if the @b entire string could be
+ converted to a number.
+
+ @li ToLong()
+ @li ToLongLong()
+ @li ToULong()
+ @li ToULongLong()
+ @li ToDouble()
+
+ These are "advanced" functions and they will be needed quite rarely.
+ Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
+ wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful
+ when working with some external API which requires the caller to provide
+ a writable buffer.
+
+ @li Alloc()
+ @li Shrink()
+ @li wxStringBuffer
+ @li wxStringBufferLength
+
+ Misc. other string functions.
+
+ @li Trim()
+ @li Truncate()
+ @li Pad()
+
+ These functions return the string length and check whether the string
+ is empty or empty it.
+
+ @li Len()
+ @li IsEmpty()
+ @li operator!()
+ @li Empty()
+ @li Clear()
+
+
+ These functions allow to extract substring from this string. All of them don't
+ modify the original string and return a new string containing the extracted
+ substring.
+
+ @li Mid()
+ @li operator()()
+ @li Left()
+ @li Right()
+ @li BeforeFirst()
+ @li BeforeLast()
+ @li AfterFirst()
+ @li AfterLast()
+ @li StartsWith()
+ @li EndsWith()
+
+ These functions replace the standard @e strchr() and @e strstr()
+ functions.
+
+ @li Find()
+ @li Replace()
+
+ Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
+ exist (for basic types only). Additionally, the Format() function allows
+ to use simply append formatted value to a string:
+
+ @li Format()
+ @li FormatV()
+ @li Printf()
+ @li PrintfV()
+ @li operator>>()
+
+ These functions are deprecated, please consider using new wxWidgets 2.0
+ functions instead of them (or, even better, std::string compatible variants).
+
+ CompareTo(), Contains(), First(), Freq(), Index(), IsAscii(), IsNull(),
+ IsNumber(), IsWord(), Last(), Length(), LowerCase(), Remove(), Strip(),
+ SubString(), UpperCase()
+
@library{wxbase}
@category{data}
@stdobjects
::Objects:, ::wxEmptyString,
- @see @ref overview_wxstringoverview "wxString overview", @ref overview_unicode
+ @see @ref overview_string "wxString overview", @ref overview_unicode
"Unicode overview"
*/
class wxString
{
public:
- //@{
/**
- Initializes the string from first @a nLength characters of C string.
- The default value of @c wxSTRING_MAXLEN means take all the string.
- In Unicode build, @e conv's
- wxMBConv::MB2WC method is called to
- convert @a psz to wide string (the default converter uses current locale's
- charset). It is ignored in ANSI build.
-
- @see @ref overview_mbconvclasses "wxMBConv classes", @ref mbstr()
- mb_str, @ref wcstr() wc_str
+ Default constructor
*/
wxString();
- wxString(const wxString& x);
- wxString(wxChar ch, size_t n = 1);
- wxString(const wxChar* psz, size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
- wxString(const unsigned char* psz,
- size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
- wxString(const wchar_t* psz, const wxMBConv& conv,
- size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
- wxString(const char* psz, const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc,
- size_t nLength = wxSTRING_MAXLEN);
- //@}
+
+ /**
+ Creates a string from another string. Just increases the ref
+ count by 1.
+ */
+ wxString(const wxString& stringSrc);
+
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from the string literal @c psz using
+ the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode.
+ */
+ wxString(const char *psz);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from the string literal @c psz using
+ @c conv to convert it Unicode.
+ */
+ wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from the first @ nLength character of the string literal @c psz using
+ the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode.
+ */
+ wxString(const char *psz, size_t nLength);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from the first @ nLength character of the string literal @c psz using
+ @c conv to convert it Unicode.
+ */
+ wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv, size_t nLength);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from the string literal @c pwz.
+ */
+ wxString(const wchar_t *pwz);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from the first @ nLength characters of the string literal @c pwz.
+ */
+ wxString(const wchar_t *pwz, size_t nLength);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from @c buf using the using
+ the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode.
+ */
+ wxString(const wxCharBuffer& buf);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from @c buf.
+ */
+ wxString(const wxWCharBuffer& buf);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from @str using the using
+ the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode.
+ */
+ wxString(const std::string& str);
+
+ /**
+ Constructs a string from @str.
+ */
+ wxString(const std::wstring& str);
+
/**
String destructor. Note that this is not virtual, so wxString must not be
wxString AfterLast(wxChar ch) const;
/**
- Preallocate enough space for wxString to store @a nLen characters. This function
- may be used to increase speed when the string is constructed by repeated
- concatenation as in
+ Preallocate enough space for wxString to store @a nLen characters.
+
+ Please note that this method does the same thing as the standard
+ reserve() one and shouldn't be used in new code.
+
+ This function may be used to increase speed when the string is
+ constructed by repeated concatenation as in
- because it will avoid the need to reallocate string memory many times (in case
- of long strings). Note that it does not set the maximal length of a string - it
- will still expand if more than @a nLen characters are stored in it. Also, it
- does not truncate the existing string (use
- Truncate() for this) even if its current length is
- greater than @e nLen
+ @code
+ // delete all vowels from the string
+ wxString DeleteAllVowels(const wxString& original)
+ {
+ wxString result;
+
+ size_t len = original.length();
+
+ result.Alloc(len);
+
+ for ( size_t n = 0; n < len; n++ )
+ {
+ if ( strchr("aeuio", tolower(original[n])) == NULL )
+ result += original[n];
+ }
+
+ return result;
+ }
+ @endcode
+
+ because it will avoid the need to reallocate string memory many times
+ (in case of long strings). Note that it does not set the maximal length
+ of a string -- it will still expand if more than @a nLen characters are
+ stored in it. Also, it does not truncate the existing string (use
+ Truncate() for this) even if its current length is greater than @a nLen.
+
+ @return @true if memory was successfully allocated, @false otherwise.
*/
- void Alloc(size_t nLen);
+ bool Alloc(size_t nLen);
//@{
/**
*/
wxString BeforeLast(wxChar ch) const;
- /**
- The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
- return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
- lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
- MakeUpper()
-
- Upper()
- MakeLower()
-
- Lower()
+ /**
+ Empties the string and frees memory occupied by it.
+ See also: Empty()
*/
-
+ void Clear();
/**
- Many functions in this section take a character index in the string. As with C
- strings and/or arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character of a
- string is string[0]. Attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
- string (which may be even 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
- failure in @ref overview_debuggingoverview "debug build", but no checks are
- done in
- release builds.
- This section also contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
- strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, it is advised to use
- explicit @ref cstr() c_str method for the sake of clarity. Also
- see overview() for the cases where it is necessary to
- use it.
- GetChar()
-
- GetWritableChar()
-
- SetChar()
-
- Last()
+ Returns a deep copy of the string.
- @ref operatorbracket() "operator []"
+ That is, the returned string is guaranteed to not share data with this
+ string when using reference-counted wxString implementation.
- @ref cstr() c_str
+ This method is primarily useful for passing strings between threads
+ (because wxString is not thread-safe). Unlike creating a copy using
+ @c wxString(c_str()), Clone() handles embedded NULs correctly.
- @ref mbstr() mb_str
-
- @ref wcstr() wc_str
-
- @ref fnstr() fn_str
-
- @ref operatorconstcharpt() "operator const char*"
- */
-
-
- /**
- Empties the string and frees memory occupied by it.
- See also: Empty()
- */
- void Clear();
+ @since 2.9.0
+ */
+ wxString Clone() const;
//@{
/**
*/
int CompareTo(const wxChar* psz, caseCompare cmp = exact) const;
- /**
- The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and
- so is the default version of IsSameAs(). For case
- insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase() or
- give a second parameter to IsSameAs. This last function is may be more
- convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
- @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false in
- C)
- as @c Cmp() does.
- Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher:
- it only understands '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line
- interpreter.
- StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of
- text which should start with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than
- doing direct string comparison as you would also have to precalculate the
- length of the prefix then.
- Cmp()
-
- CmpNoCase()
-
- IsSameAs()
-
- Matches()
-
- StartsWith()
-
- EndsWith()
- */
//@{
bool operator =(const wxString& x, const wxChar* t);
//@}
- /**
- Anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string. However, you can't
- append something to a C string (including literal constants), so to do this it
- should be converted to a wxString first.
- @ref operatorout() "operator "
-
- @ref plusequal() "operator +="
-
- @ref operatorplus() "operator +"
-
- Append()
-
- Prepend()
- */
-
-
- /**
- A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
- a single character or a wide (UNICODE) string. For all constructors (except the
- default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
- operator.
- @ref construct() wxString
-
- @ref operatorassign() "operator ="
-
- @ref destruct() ~wxString
- */
-
/**
Returns @true if target appears anywhere in wxString; else @false.
*/
bool Contains(const wxString& str) const;
- /**
- The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
- floating point numbers. All three functions take a pointer to the variable to
- put the numeric value in and return @true if the @b entire string could be
- converted to a number.
- ToLong()
-
- ToLongLong()
-
- ToULong()
-
- ToULongLong()
-
- ToDouble()
- */
-
/**
Makes the string empty, but doesn't free memory occupied by the string.
without @a len parameter takes NUL-terminated data.
This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in wxString.
- @wxsince{2.8.4}
+ @since 2.8.4
@see wxString::To8BitData
*/
*/
bool Matches(const wxString& mask) const;
- /**
- These are "advanced" functions and they will be needed quite rarely.
- Alloc() and Shrink() are only
- interesting for optimization purposes.
- wxStringBuffer
- and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very
- useful when working with some external API which requires the caller to provide
- a writable buffer.
- Alloc()
-
- Shrink()
-
- wxStringBuffer
-
- wxStringBufferLength
- */
-
-
/**
Returns a substring starting at @e first, with length @e count, or the rest of
the string if @a count is the default value.
*/
wxString Mid(size_t first, size_t count = wxSTRING_MAXLEN) const;
- /**
- Other string functions.
- Trim()
-
- Truncate()
-
- Pad()
- */
-
/**
- Adds @a count copies of @a pad to the beginning, or to the end of the string
- (the default).
- Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
+ Adds @a count copies of @a pad to the beginning, or to the end of the
+ string (the default). Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
*/
wxString Pad(size_t count, wxChar pad = ' ',
bool fromRight = true);
Note that if @c wxUSE_PRINTF_POS_PARAMS is set to 1, then this function supports
Unix98-style positional parameters:
- @b NB: This function will use a safe version of @e vsprintf() (usually called
+ @note This function will use a safe version of @e vsprintf() (usually called
@e vsnprintf()) whenever available to always allocate the buffer of correct
size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
dangerous @e vsprintf() will be used then which may lead to buffer overflows.
*/
wxString Right(size_t count) const;
- /**
- These functions replace the standard @e strchr() and @e strstr()
- functions.
- Find()
-
- Replace()
- */
-
-
/**
Sets the character at position @e n.
*/
*/
bool StartsWith(const wxString& prefix, wxString rest = NULL) const;
- /**
- These functions return the string length and check whether the string is empty
- or empty it.
- Len()
-
- IsEmpty()
-
- @ref operatornot() operator!
-
- Empty()
-
- Clear()
- */
-
-
/**
Strip characters at the front and/or end. The same as Trim except that it
doesn't change this string.
*/
wxString SubString(size_t from, size_t to) const;
- /**
- These functions allow to extract substring from this string. All of them don't
- modify the original string and return a new string containing the extracted
- substring.
- Mid()
-
- @ref operatorparenth() operator
-
- Left()
-
- Right()
-
- BeforeFirst()
-
- BeforeLast()
-
- AfterFirst()
-
- AfterLast()
-
- StartsWith()
-
- EndsWith()
- */
-
-
//@{
/**
Converts the string to an 8-bit string in ISO-8859-1 encoding in the form of
a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only).
This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in wxString.
- @wxsince{2.8.4}
+ @since 2.8.4
@see wxString::From8BitData
*/
void UpperCase();
/**
- Both formatted versions (wxString::Printf) and stream-like
- insertion operators exist (for basic types only). Additionally, the
- Format() function allows to use simply append
- formatted value to a string:
-
- Format()
-
- FormatV()
-
- Printf()
-
- PrintfV()
-
- @ref operatorout() "operator "
- */
-
-
- /**
- Returns a pointer to the string data (@c const char* in ANSI build,
- @c const wchar_t* in Unicode build).
+ Returns a pointer to the string data (@c const char* when using UTF-8
+ internally, @c const wchar_t* when using UCS-2 internally).
Note that the returned value is not convertible to @c char* or
- @c wchar_t*, use @ref charstr() char_str or
- @ref wcharstr() wchar_string if you need to pass string value
- to a function expecting non-const pointer.
-
- @see @ref mbstr() mb_str, @ref wcstr() wc_str, @ref
- fnstr() fn_str, @ref charstr() char_str, @ref
- wcharstr() wchar_string
+ @c wchar_t*, use char_str() or wchar_str() if you need to pass
+ string value to a function expecting non-const pointer.
*/
const wxChar* c_str() const;
Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
@c char* pointer. Note that any change to the returned buffer is lost and so
this function is only usable for passing strings to legacy libraries that
- don't have const-correct API. Use wxStringBuffer if
- you want to modify the string.
+ don't have const-correct API. Use wxStringBuffer if you want to modify
+ the string.
- @see @ref mbstr() mb_str, @ref wcstr() wc_str, @ref
- fnstr() fn_str, @ref cstr() c_str, @ref
- wcharstr() wchar_str
+ @see c_str()
*/
wxWritableCharBuffer char_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;
//@{
/**
Returns string representation suitable for passing to OS' functions for
- file handling. In ANSI build, this is same as @ref cstr() c_str.
- In Unicode build, returned value can be either wide character string
- or C string in charset matching the @c wxConvFileName object, depending on
- the OS.
-
- @see wxMBConv, @ref wcstr() wc_str, @ref wcstr() mb_str
+ file handling.
*/
const wchar_t* fn_str() const;
const const char* fn_str() const;
as @ref cstr() c_str.
The macro wxWX2MBbuf is defined as the correct return type (without const).
- @see wxMBConv, @ref cstr() c_str, @ref wcstr() wc_str, @ref
- fnstr() fn_str, @ref charstr() char_str
+ @see wxMBConv, c_str(), wc_str(), fn_str(), char_str()
*/
const char* mb_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;
const const wxCharBuffer mb_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;
/**
These functions work as C++ stream insertion operators: they insert the given
value into the string. Precision or format cannot be set using them, you can
- use
- Printf() for this.
+ use Printf() for this.
*/
wxString operator(const wxString& str);
wxString operator(const wxChar* psz);
//@{
/**
Returns wide character representation of the string.
- In ANSI build, converts using @e conv's wxMBConv::cMB2WC
- method and returns wxWCharBuffer. In Unicode build, this function is same
- as @ref cstr() c_str.
- The macro wxWX2WCbuf is defined as the correct return type (without const).
+ In Unicode build, this function is same as c_str().
+ The macro wxWX2WCbuf is defined as the correct return
+ type (without const).
- @see wxMBConv, @ref cstr() c_str, @ref wcstr() mb_str, @ref
- fnstr() fn_str, @ref wcharstr() wchar_str
+ @see wxMBConv, c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str(), wchar_str()
*/
const wchar_t* wc_str(const wxMBConv& conv) const;
const const wxWCharBuffer wc_str(const wxMBConv& conv) const;
passing strings to legacy libraries that don't have const-correct API. Use
wxStringBuffer if you want to modify the string.
- @see @ref mbstr() mb_str, @ref wcstr() wc_str, @ref
- fnstr() fn_str, @ref cstr() c_str, @ref
- charstr() char_str
+ @see mb_str(), wc_str(), fn_str(), c_str(), char_str()
*/
wxWritableWCharBuffer wchar_str() const;
- /**
- These functions are deprecated, please consider using new wxWidgets 2.0
- functions instead of them (or, even better, std::string compatible variants).
- CompareTo()
-
- Contains()
-
- First()
-
- Freq()
-
- Index()
-
- IsAscii()
-
- IsNull()
-
- IsNumber()
-
- IsWord()
-
- Last()
-
- Length()
-
- LowerCase()
-
- Remove()
-
- Strip()
-
- SubString()
-
- UpperCase()
- */
};
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