/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Name: log
+// Name: log.h
// Purpose: topic overview
// Author: wxWidgets team
// RCS-ID: $Id$
-// Licence: wxWindows license
+// Licence: wxWindows licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-/*!
-
- @page log_overview wxLog classes overview
-
- Classes: #wxLog,
-
- #wxLogStderr,
-
- #wxLogStream,
-
- #wxLogTextCtrl,
-
- #wxLogWindow,
-
- #wxLogGui,
-
- #wxLogNull,
-
- #wxLogBuffer,
-
- #wxLogChain,
-
- #wxLogInterposer,
-
- #wxLogInterposerTemp,
-
- #wxStreamToTextRedirector
- This is a general overview of logging classes provided by wxWidgets. The word
- logging here has a broad sense, including all of the program output, not only
- non-interactive messages. The logging facilities included in wxWidgets provide
- the base @e wxLog class which defines the standard interface for a @e log
- target as well as several standard implementations of it and a family of
- functions to use with them.
- First of all, no knowledge of @e wxLog classes is needed to use them. For
- this, you should only know about @e wxLogXXX() functions. All of them have
- the same syntax as @e printf() or @e vprintf() , i.e. they take the
- format string as the first argument and respectively a variable number of
- arguments or a variable argument list pointer. Here are all of them:
-
-
- @b wxLogFatalError which is like @e wxLogError, but also
- terminates the program with the exit code 3 (using @e abort() standard
- function). Unlike for all the other logging functions, this function can't be
- overridden by a log target.
- @b wxLogError is the function to use for error messages, i.e. the
- messages that must be shown to the user. The default processing is to pop up a
- message box to inform the user about it.
- @b wxLogWarning for warnings - they are also normally shown to the
- user, but don't interrupt the program work.
- @b wxLogMessage is for all normal, informational messages. They also
- appear in a message box by default (but it can be changed, see below).
- @b wxLogVerbose is for verbose output. Normally, it is suppressed, but
- might be activated if the user wishes to know more details about the program
- progress (another, but possibly confusing name for the same function is @b wxLogInfo).
- @b wxLogStatus is for status messages - they will go into the status
- bar of the active or specified (as the first argument) #wxFrame if it has one.
- @b wxLogSysError is mostly used by wxWidgets itself, but might be
- handy for logging errors after system call (API function) failure. It logs the
- specified message text as well as the last system error
- code (@e errno or @e ::GetLastError() depending on the platform) and
- the corresponding error message. The second form of this function takes the
- error code explicitly as the first argument.
- @b wxLogDebug is @b the right function for debug output. It only
- does anything at all in the debug mode (when the preprocessor symbol
- __WXDEBUG__ is defined) and expands to nothing in release mode (otherwise).
- @b Tip: under Windows, you must either run the program under debugger or
- use a 3rd party program such as #DbgView
- to actually see the debug output.
- @b wxLogTrace as @b wxLogDebug only does something in debug
- build. The reason for making it a separate function from it is that usually
- there are a lot of trace messages, so it might make sense to separate them
- from other debug messages which would be flooded in them. Moreover, the second
- version of this function takes a trace mask as the first argument which allows
- to further restrict the amount of messages generated.
-
-
- The usage of these functions should be fairly straightforward, however it may
- be asked why not use the other logging facilities, such as C standard stdio
- functions or C++ streams. The short answer is that they're all very good
- generic mechanisms, but are not really adapted for wxWidgets, while the log
- classes are. Some of advantages in using wxWidgets log functions are:
-
-
- @b Portability It is a common practice to use @e printf()
- statements or cout/cerr C++ streams for writing out some (debug or otherwise)
- information.
- Although it works just fine under Unix, these messages go strictly nowhere
- under Windows where the stdout of GUI programs is not assigned to anything.
- Thus, you might view @e wxLogMessage() as a simple substitute for @e printf().
- You can also redirect the @e wxLogXXX calls to @e cout by just writing:
-
-
- @code
- wxLog *logger=new wxLogStream();
- wxLog::SetActiveTarget(logger);
- @endcode
-
-
- Finally, there is also a possibility to redirect the output sent to @e cout
- to a #wxTextCtrl by using the
- #wxStreamToTextRedirector class.
- @b Flexibility The output of wxLog functions can be redirected or
- suppressed entirely based on their importance, which is either impossible or
- difficult to do with traditional methods. For example, only error messages, or
- only error messages and warnings might be logged, filtering out all
- informational messages.
- @b Completeness Usually, an error message should be presented to the user
- when some operation fails. Let's take a quite simple but common case of a file
- error: suppose that you're writing your data file on disk and there is not
- enough space. The actual error might have been detected inside wxWidgets code
- (say, in @e wxFile::Write), so the calling function doesn't really know the
- exact reason of the failure, it only knows that the data file couldn't be
- written to the disk. However, as wxWidgets uses @e wxLogError() in this
- situation, the exact error code (and the corresponding error message) will be
- given to the user together with "high level" message about data file writing
- error.
-
-
- After having enumerated all the functions which are normally used to log the
- messages, and why would you want to use them we now describe how all this
- works.
- wxWidgets has the notion of a @e log target: it is just a class deriving
- from #wxLog. As such, it implements the virtual functions of
- the base class which are called when a message is logged. Only one log target
- is @e active at any moment, this is the one used by @e wxLogXXX()
- functions. The normal usage of a log object (i.e. object of a class derived
- from wxLog) is to install it as the active target with a call to @e SetActiveTarget() and it will be used automatically by all subsequent calls
- to @e wxLogXXX() functions.
- To create a new log target class you only need to derive it from wxLog and
- implement one (or both) of @e DoLog() and @e DoLogString() in it. The
- second one is enough if you're happy with the standard wxLog message
- formatting (prepending "Error:" or "Warning:", timestamping c) but just want
- to send the messages somewhere else. The first one may be overridden to do
- whatever you want but you have to distinguish between the different message
- types yourself.
- There are some predefined classes deriving from wxLog and which might be
- helpful to see how you can create a new log target class and, of course, may
- also be used without any change. There are:
-
-
- @b wxLogStderr This class logs messages to a @e FILE *, using
- stderr by default as its name suggests.
- @b wxLogStream This class has the same functionality as wxLogStderr,
- but uses @e ostream and cerr instead of @e FILE * and stderr.
- @b wxLogGui This is the standard log target for wxWidgets
- applications (it is used by default if you don't do anything) and provides the
- most reasonable handling of all types of messages for given platform.
- @b wxLogWindow This log target provides a "log console" which
- collects all messages generated by the application and also passes them to the
- previous active log target. The log window frame has a menu allowing user to
- clear the log, close it completely or save all messages to file.
- @b wxLogBuffer This target collects all the logged messages in an
- internal buffer allowing to show them later to the user all at once.
- @b wxLogNull The last log class is quite particular: it doesn't do
- anything. The objects of this class may be instantiated to (temporarily)
- suppress output of @e wxLogXXX() functions. As an example, trying to open a
- non-existing file will usually provoke an error message, but if for some
- reasons it is unwanted, just use this construction:
-
- @code
- wxFile file;
-
- // wxFile.Open() normally complains if file can't be opened, we don't want it
- {
- wxLogNull logNo;
- if ( !file.Open("bar") )
- ... process error ourselves ...
- } // ~wxLogNull called, old log sink restored
-
- wxLogMessage("..."); // ok
- @endcode
-
-
-
- The log targets can also be combined: for example you may wish to redirect the
- messages somewhere else (for example, to a log file) but also process them as
- normally. For this the #wxLogChain, #wxLogInterposer and
- #wxLogInterposerTemp can be used.
-
- */
-
+/**
+
+@page overview_log wxLog Classes Overview
+
+Classes: wxLog, wxLogStderr, wxLogStream, wxLogTextCtrl, wxLogWindow, wxLogGui, wxLogNull, wxLogBuffer,
+ wxLogChain, wxLogInterposer, wxLogInterposerTemp, wxStreamToTextRedirector, wxLogFormatter
+
+Table of contents:
+@li @ref overview_log_introduction
+@li @ref overview_log_enable
+@li @ref overview_log_targets
+@li @ref overview_log_mt
+@li @ref overview_log_customize
+@li @ref overview_log_tracemasks
+<hr>
+
+
+@section overview_log_introduction Introduction
+
+This is a general overview of logging classes provided by wxWidgets. The word
+logging here has a broad sense, including all of the program output, not only
+non-interactive messages. The logging facilities included in wxWidgets provide
+the base wxLog class which defines the standard interface for a @e log target
+as well as several standard implementations of it and a family of functions to
+use with them.
+
+First of all, no knowledge of wxLog classes is needed to use them. For this,
+you should only know about @ref group_funcmacro_log "wxLogXXX() functions".
+All of them have the same syntax as @e printf() or @e vprintf() , i.e. they
+take the format string as the first argument and respectively a variable number
+of arguments or a variable argument list pointer. Here are all of them:
+
+@li wxLogFatalError() which is like wxLogError(), but also terminates the program
+ with the exit code 3 (using @e abort() standard function). Unlike for all
+ the other logging functions, this function can't be overridden by a log
+ target.
+@li wxLogError() is the function to use for error messages, i.e. the messages
+ that must be shown to the user. The default processing is to pop up a
+ message box to inform the user about it.
+@li wxLogWarning() for warnings. They are also normally shown to the user, but
+ don't interrupt the program work.
+@li wxLogMessage() is for all normal, informational messages. They also appear in
+ a message box by default (but it can be changed, see below).
+@li wxLogVerbose() is for verbose output. Normally, it is suppressed, but might
+ be activated if the user wishes to know more details about the program
+ progress (another, but possibly confusing name for the same function is
+ wxLogInfo).
+@li wxLogStatus() is for status messages. They will go into the status bar of the
+ active or specified (as the first argument) wxFrame if it has one.
+@li wxLogSysError() is mostly used by wxWidgets itself, but might be handy for
+ logging errors after system call (API function) failure. It logs the
+ specified message text as well as the last system error code (@e errno or
+ Windows' @e GetLastError() depending on the platform) and the corresponding error
+ message. The second form of this function takes the error code explicitly
+ as the first argument.
+@li wxLogDebug() is @b the right function for debug output. It only does anything
+ at all in the debug mode (when the preprocessor symbol @c __WXDEBUG__ is
+ defined) and expands to nothing in release mode (otherwise).
+ Note that under Windows, you must either run the program under debugger or
+ use a 3rd party program such as DebugView
+ (http://www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals/Miscellaneous/DebugView.mspx)
+ to actually see the debug output.
+@li wxLogTrace() as wxLogDebug() only does something in debug build. The reason for
+ making it a separate function from it is that usually there are a lot of
+ trace messages, so it might make sense to separate them from other debug
+ messages which would be flooded in them. Moreover, the second version of
+ this function takes a trace mask as the first argument which allows to
+ further restrict the amount of messages generated.
+
+The usage of these functions should be fairly straightforward, however it may
+be asked why not use the other logging facilities, such as C standard stdio
+functions or C++ streams. The short answer is that they're all very good
+generic mechanisms, but are not really adapted for wxWidgets, while the log
+classes are. Some of advantages in using wxWidgets log functions are:
+
+@li @b Portability: It is a common practice to use @e printf() statements or
+ cout/cerr C++ streams for writing out some (debug or otherwise)
+ information. Although it works just fine under Unix, these messages go
+ strictly nowhere under Windows where the stdout of GUI programs is not
+ assigned to anything. Thus, you might view wxLogMessage() as a simple
+ substitute for @e printf().
+ You can also redirect the @e wxLogXXX calls to @e cout by just writing:
+ @code
+ wxLog* logger = new wxLogStream(&cout);
+ wxLog::SetActiveTarget(logger);
+ @endcode
+ Finally, there is also a possibility to redirect the output sent to @e cout
+ to a wxTextCtrl by using the wxStreamToTextRedirector class.
+@li @b Flexibility: The output of wxLog functions can be redirected or
+ suppressed entirely based on their importance, which is either impossible
+ or difficult to do with traditional methods. For example, only error
+ messages, or only error messages and warnings might be logged, filtering
+ out all informational messages.
+@li @b Completeness: Usually, an error message should be presented to the user
+ when some operation fails. Let's take a quite simple but common case of a
+ file error: suppose that you're writing your data file on disk and there is
+ not enough space. The actual error might have been detected inside
+ wxWidgets code (say, in wxFile::Write), so the calling function doesn't
+ really know the exact reason of the failure, it only knows that the data
+ file couldn't be written to the disk. However, as wxWidgets uses
+ wxLogError() in this situation, the exact error code (and the corresponding
+ error message) will be given to the user together with "high level" message
+ about data file writing error.
+
+
+@section overview_log_enable Log Messages Selection
+
+By default, most log messages are enabled. In particular, this means that
+errors logged by wxWidgets code itself (e.g. when it fails to perform some
+operation, for instance wxFile::Open() logs an error when it fails to open a
+file) will be processed and shown to the user. To disable the logging entirely
+you can use wxLog::EnableLogging() method or, more usually, wxLogNull class
+which temporarily disables logging and restores it back to the original setting
+when it is destroyed.
+
+To limit logging to important messages only, you may use wxLog::SetLogLevel()
+with e.g. wxLOG_Warning value -- this will completely disable all logging
+messages with the severity less than warnings, so wxLogMessage() output won't
+be shown to the user any more.
+
+Moreover, the log level can be set separately for different log components.
+Before showing how this can be useful, let us explain what log components are:
+they are simply arbitrary strings identifying the component, or module, which
+generated the message. They are hierarchical in the sense that "foo/bar/baz"
+component is supposed to be a child of "foo". And all components are children
+of the unnamed root component.
+
+By default, all messages logged by wxWidgets originate from "wx" component or
+one of its subcomponents such as "wx/net/ftp", while the messages logged by
+your own code are assigned empty log component. To change this, you need to
+define @c wxLOG_COMPONENT to a string uniquely identifying each component, e.g.
+you could give it the value "MyProgram" by default and re-define it as
+"MyProgram/DB" in the module working with the database and "MyProgram/DB/Trans"
+in its part managing the transactions. Then you could use
+wxLog::SetComponentLevel() in the following ways:
+ @code
+ // disable all database error messages, everybody knows databases never
+ // fail anyhow
+ wxLog::SetComponentLevel("MyProgram/DB", wxLOG_FatalError);
+
+ // but enable tracing for the transactions as somehow our changes don't
+ // get committed sometimes
+ wxLog::SetComponentLevel("MyProgram/DB/Trans", wxLOG_Trace);
+
+ // also enable tracing messages from wxWidgets dynamic module loading
+ // mechanism
+ wxLog::SetComponentLevel("wx/base/module", wxLOG_Trace);
+ @endcode
+Notice that the log level set explicitly for the transactions code overrides
+the log level of the parent component but that all other database code
+subcomponents inherit its setting by default and so won't generate any log
+messages at all.
+
+@section overview_log_targets Log Targets
+
+After having enumerated all the functions which are normally used to log the
+messages, and why would you want to use them, we now describe how all this
+works.
+
+wxWidgets has the notion of a <em>log target</em>: it is just a class deriving
+from wxLog. As such, it implements the virtual functions of the base class
+which are called when a message is logged. Only one log target is @e active at
+any moment, this is the one used by @ref group_funcmacro_log "wxLogXXX() functions".
+The normal usage of a log object (i.e. object of a class derived from wxLog) is
+to install it as the active target with a call to @e SetActiveTarget() and it will be used
+automatically by all subsequent calls to @ref group_funcmacro_log "wxLogXXX() functions".
+
+To create a new log target class you only need to derive it from wxLog and
+override one or several of wxLog::DoLogRecord(), wxLog::DoLogTextAtLevel() and
+wxLog::DoLogText() in it. The first one is the most flexible and allows you to
+change the formatting of the messages, dynamically filter and redirect them and
+so on -- all log messages, except for those generated by wxLogFatalError(),
+pass by this function. wxLog::DoLogTextAtLevel() should be overridden if you
+simply want to redirect the log messages somewhere else, without changing their
+formatting. Finally, it is enough to override wxLog::DoLogText() if you only
+want to redirect the log messages and the destination doesn't depend on the
+message log level.
+
+
+There are some predefined classes deriving from wxLog and which might be
+helpful to see how you can create a new log target class and, of course, may
+also be used without any change. There are:
+
+@li wxLogStderr: This class logs messages to a <tt>FILE *</tt>, using stderr by
+ default as its name suggests.
+@li wxLogStream: This class has the same functionality as wxLogStderr, but uses
+ @e ostream and cerr instead of <tt>FILE *</tt> and stderr.
+@li wxLogGui: This is the standard log target for wxWidgets applications (it is
+ used by default if you don't do anything) and provides the most reasonable
+ handling of all types of messages for given platform.
+@li wxLogWindow: This log target provides a "log console" which collects all
+ messages generated by the application and also passes them to the previous
+ active log target. The log window frame has a menu allowing user to clear
+ the log, close it completely or save all messages to file.
+@li wxLogBuffer: This target collects all the logged messages in an internal
+ buffer allowing to show them later to the user all at once.
+@li wxLogNull: The last log class is quite particular: it doesn't do anything.
+ The objects of this class may be instantiated to (temporarily) suppress
+ output of @e wxLogXXX() functions. As an example, trying to open a
+ non-existing file will usually provoke an error message, but if for some
+ reasons it is unwanted, just use this construction:
+ @code
+ wxFile file;
+
+ // wxFile.Open() normally complains if file can't be opened, we don't want it
+ {
+ wxLogNull logNo;
+ if ( !file.Open("bar") )
+ {
+ // ... process error ourselves ...
+ }
+ } // ~wxLogNull called, old log sink restored
+
+ wxLogMessage("..."); // ok
+ @endcode
+
+The log targets can also be combined: for example you may wish to redirect the
+messages somewhere else (for example, to a log file) but also process them as
+normally. For this the wxLogChain, wxLogInterposer, and wxLogInterposerTemp can
+be used.
+
+
+@section overview_log_mt Logging in Multi-Threaded Applications
+
+Starting with wxWidgets 2.9.1, logging functions can be safely called from any
+thread. Messages logged from threads other than the main one will be buffered
+until wxLog::Flush() is called in the main thread (which usually happens during
+idle time, i.e. after processing all pending events) and will be really output
+only then. Notice that the default GUI logger already only output the messages
+when it is flushed, so by default messages from the other threads will be shown
+more or less at the same moment as usual. However if you define a custom log
+target, messages may be logged out of order, e.g. messages from the main thread
+with later timestamp may appear before messages with earlier timestamp logged
+from other threads. wxLog does however guarantee that messages logged by each
+thread will appear in order in which they were logged.
+
+Also notice that wxLog::EnableLogging() and wxLogNull class which uses it only
+affect the current thread, i.e. logging messages may still be generated by the
+other threads after a call to @c EnableLogging(false).
+
+
+@section overview_log_customize Logging Customization
+
+To completely change the logging behaviour you may define a custom log target.
+For example, you could define a class inheriting from wxLog which shows all the
+log messages in some part of your main application window reserved for the
+message output without interrupting the user work flow with modal message
+boxes.
+
+To use your custom log target you may either call wxLog::SetActiveTarget() with
+your custom log object or create a wxAppTraits-derived class and override
+wxAppTraits::CreateLogTarget() virtual method in it and also override wxApp::CreateTraits()
+to return an instance of your custom traits object. Notice that in the latter
+case you should be prepared for logging messages early during the program
+startup and also during program shutdown so you shouldn't rely on existence of
+the main application window, for example. You can however safely assume that
+GUI is (already/still) available when your log target as used as wxWidgets
+automatically switches to using wxLogStderr if it isn't.
+
+There are several methods which may be overridden in the derived class to
+customize log messages handling: wxLog::DoLogRecord(), wxLog::DoLogTextAtLevel()
+and wxLog::DoLogText().
+
+The last method is the simplest one: you should override it if you simply
+want to redirect the log output elsewhere, without taking into account the
+level of the message. If you do want to handle messages of different levels
+differently, then you should override wxLog::DoLogTextAtLevel().
+
+Additionally, you can customize the way full log messages are constructed from
+the components (such as time stamp, source file information, logging thread ID
+and so on). This task is performed by wxLogFormatter class so you need to
+derive a custom class from it and override its Format() method to build the log
+messages in desired way. Notice that if you just need to modify (or suppress)
+the time stamp display, overriding FormatTime() is enough.
+
+Finally, if even more control over the output format is needed, then
+DoLogRecord() can be overridden as it allows to construct custom messages
+depending on the log level or even do completely different things depending
+on the message severity (for example, throw away all messages except
+warnings and errors, show warnings on the screen and forward the error
+messages to the user's (or programmer's) cell phone -- maybe depending on
+whether the timestamp tells us if it is day or night in the current time
+zone).
+
+The @e dialog sample illustrates this approach by defining a custom log target
+customizing the dialog used by wxLogGui for the single messages.
+
+
+@section overview_log_tracemasks Using trace masks
+
+Notice that the use of log trace masks is hardly necessary any longer in
+current wxWidgets version as the same effect can be achieved by using
+different log components for different log statements of any level. Please
+see @ref overview_log_enable for more information about the log components.
+
+The functions below allow some limited customization of wxLog behaviour
+without writing a new log target class (which, aside from being a matter of
+several minutes, allows you to do anything you want).
+The verbose messages are the trace messages which are not disabled in the
+release mode and are generated by wxLogVerbose().
+They are not normally shown to the user because they present little interest,
+but may be activated, for example, in order to help the user find some program
+problem.
+
+As for the (real) trace messages, their handling depends on the currently
+enabled trace masks: if wxLog::AddTraceMask() was called for the mask of the given
+message, it will be logged, otherwise nothing happens.
+
+For example,
+@code
+wxLogTrace( wxTRACE_OleCalls, "IFoo::Bar() called" );
+@endcode
+
+will log the message if it was preceded by:
+
+@code
+wxLog::AddTraceMask( wxTRACE_OleCalls );
+@endcode
+
+The standard trace masks are given in wxLogTrace() documentation.
+
+*/
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