src/tiff/man/TIFFcolor.3tiff

   1 .\" $Id: TIFFcolor.3tiff,v 1.4 2009-11-30 12:22:26 fwarmerdam Exp $
   2 .\"
   3 .\" Copyright (c) 2003, Andrey Kiselev <dron@ak4719.spb.edu>
   4 .\"
   5 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and
   6 .\" its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
   7 .\" that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in
   8 .\" all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of
   9 .\" Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or
  10 .\" publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written
  11 .\" permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics.
  12 .\"
  13 .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  14 .\" EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY
  15 .\" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  16 .\"
  17 .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR
  18 .\" ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND,
  19 .\" OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
  20 .\" WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF
  21 .\" LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
  22 .\" OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  23 .\"
  24 .if n .po 0
  25 .TH COLOR 3TIFF "December 21, 2003" "libtiff"
  26 .SH NAME
  27 TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit, TIFFYCbCrtoRGB, TIFFCIELabToRGBInit, TIFFCIELabToXYZ,
  28 TIFFXYZToRGB \- color conversion routines.
  29 .SH SYNOPSIS
  30 .B "#include <tiffio.h>"
  31 .sp
  32 .BI "int TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit(TIFFYCbCrToRGB *" ycbcr ", float *" luma ", float *"refBlackWhite" );"
  33 .br
  34 .BI "void TIFFYCbCrtoRGB(TIFFYCbCrToRGB *" ycbcr ", uint32 " Y ", int32 " Cb ", int32 " Cr ", uint32 *" R ", uint32 *" G ", uint32 *" B " );"
  35 .sp
  36 .BI "int TIFFCIELabToRGBInit(TIFFCIELabToRGB *" cielab ", const TIFFDisplay *" display ", float *" refWhite ");"
  37 .br
  38 .BI "void TIFFCIELabToXYZ(TIFFCIELabToRGB *" cielab ", uint32 " L ", int32 " a ", int32 " b ", float *" X ", float *" Y ", float *" Z ");"
  39 .br
  40 .BI "void TIFFXYZToRGB(TIFFCIELabToRGB *" cielab ", float " X ", float " Y ", float " Z" , uint32 *" R ", uint32 *" G ", uint32 *" B ");"
  41 .SH DESCRIPTION
  42 TIFF supports several color spaces for images stored in that format. There is
  43 usually a problem of application to handle the data properly and convert
  44 between different colorspaces for displaying and printing purposes. To
  45 simplify this task libtiff implements several color conversion routines
  46 itself. In particular, these routines used in
  47 .B TIFFRGBAImage(3TIFF)
  48 interface.
  49 .PP
  50 .B TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit()
  51 used to initialize
  52 .I YCbCr
  53 to
  54 .I RGB
  55 conversion state. Allocating and freeing of the
  56 .I ycbcr
  57 structure belongs to programmer.
  58 .I TIFFYCbCrToRGB
  59 defined in
  60 .B tiffio.h
  61 as
  62 .PP
  63 .RS
  64 .nf
  65 typedef struct {                /* YCbCr->RGB support */
  66         TIFFRGBValue* clamptab; /* range clamping table */
  67         int*          Cr_r_tab;
  68         int*          Cb_b_tab;
  69         int32*        Cr_g_tab;
  70         int32*        Cb_g_tab;
  71         int32*        Y_tab;
  72 } TIFFYCbCrToRGB;
  73 .fi
  74 .RE
  75 .PP
  76 .I luma
  77 is a float array of three values representing proportions of the red, green
  78 and blue in luminance, Y (see section 21 of the TIFF 6.0 specification, where
  79 the YCbCr images discussed).
  80 .I TIFFTAG_YCBCRCOEFFICIENTS
  81 holds that values in TIFF file.
  82 .I refBlackWhite
  83 is a float array of 6 values which specifies a pair of headroom and footroom
  84 image data values (codes) for each image component (see section 20 of the
  85 TIFF 6.0 specification where the colorinmetry fields discussed).
  86 .I TIFFTAG_REFERENCEBLACKWHITE
  87 is responsible for storing these values in TIFF file. Following code snippet
  88 should helps to understand the the technique:
  89 .PP
  90 .RS
  91 .nf
  92 float *luma, *refBlackWhite;
  93 uint16 hs, vs;
  94
  95 /* Initialize structures */
  96 ycbcr = (TIFFYCbCrToRGB*)
  97         _TIFFmalloc(TIFFroundup(sizeof(TIFFYCbCrToRGB), sizeof(long))
  98                 + 4*256*sizeof(TIFFRGBValue)
  99                 + 2*256*sizeof(int)
 100                 + 3*256*sizeof(int32));
 101 if (ycbcr == NULL) {
 102         TIFFError("YCbCr->RGB",
 103                 "No space for YCbCr->RGB conversion state");
 104         exit(0);
 105 }
 106
 107 TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif, TIFFTAG_YCBCRCOEFFICIENTS, &luma);
 108 TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif, TIFFTAG_REFERENCEBLACKWHITE, &refBlackWhite);
 109 if (TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit(ycbcr, luma, refBlackWhite) < 0)
 110         exit(0);
 111
 112 /* Start conversion */
 113 uint32 r, g, b;
 114 uint32 Y;
 115 int32 Cb, Cr;
 116
 117 for each pixel in image
 118         TIFFYCbCrtoRGB(img->ycbcr, Y, Cb, Cr, &r, &g, &b);
 119
 120 /* Free state structure */
 121 _TIFFfree(ycbcr);
 122 .fi
 123 .RE
 124 .PP
 125
 126 .PP
 127 .B TIFFCIELabToRGBInit()
 128 initializes the
 129 .I CIE L*a*b* 1976
 130 to
 131 .I RGB
 132 conversion state.
 133 .B TIFFCIELabToRGB
 134 defined as
 135 .PP
 136 .RS
 137 .nf
 138 #define CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE 1500
 139
 140 typedef struct {                     /* CIE Lab 1976->RGB support */
 141         int     range;               /* Size of conversion table */
 142         float   rstep, gstep, bstep;
 143         float   X0, Y0, Z0;          /* Reference white point */
 144         TIFFDisplay display;
 145         float   Yr2r[CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE + 1]; /* Conversion of Yr to r */
 146         float   Yg2g[CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE + 1]; /* Conversion of Yg to g */
 147         float   Yb2b[CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE + 1]; /* Conversion of Yb to b */
 148 } TIFFCIELabToRGB;
 149 .fi
 150 .RE
 151 .PP
 152 .I display
 153 is a display device description, declared as
 154 .PP
 155 .RS
 156 .nf
 157 typedef struct {
 158         float d_mat[3][3]; /* XYZ -> luminance matrix */
 159         float d_YCR;       /* Light o/p for reference white */
 160         float d_YCG;
 161         float d_YCB;
 162         uint32 d_Vrwr;     /* Pixel values for ref. white */
 163         uint32 d_Vrwg;
 164         uint32 d_Vrwb;
 165         float d_Y0R;       /* Residual light for black pixel */
 166         float d_Y0G;
 167         float d_Y0B;
 168         float d_gammaR;    /* Gamma values for the three guns */
 169         float d_gammaG;
 170         float d_gammaB;
 171 } TIFFDisplay;
 172 .fi
 173 .RE
 174 .PP
 175 For example, the one can use sRGB device, which has the following parameters:
 176 .PP
 177 .RS
 178 .nf
 179 TIFFDisplay display_sRGB = {
 180         {       /* XYZ -> luminance matrix */
 181                 {  3.2410F, -1.5374F, -0.4986F },
 182                 {  -0.9692F, 1.8760F, 0.0416F },
 183                 {  0.0556F, -0.2040F, 1.0570F }
 184         },
 185         100.0F, 100.0F, 100.0F, /* Light o/p for reference white */
 186         255, 255, 255,      /* Pixel values for ref. white */
 187         1.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F,   /* Residual light o/p for black pixel */
 188         2.4F, 2.4F, 2.4F,   /* Gamma values for the three guns */
 189 };
 190 .fi
 191 .RE
 192 .PP
 193 .I refWhite
 194 is a color temperature of the reference white. The
 195 .I TIFFTAG_WHITEPOINT
 196 contains the chromaticity of the white point of the image from where the
 197 reference white can be calculated using following formulae:
 198 .PP
 199 .RS
 200 refWhite_Y = 100.0
 201 .br
 202 refWhite_X = whitePoint_x / whitePoint_y * refWhite_Y
 203 .br
 204 refWhite_Z = (1.0 - whitePoint_x - whitePoint_y) / whitePoint_y * refWhite_X
 205 .br
 206 .RE
 207 .PP
 208 The conversion itself performed in two steps: at the first one we will convert
 209 .I CIE L*a*b* 1976
 210 to
 211 .I CIE XYZ
 212 using
 213 .B TIFFCIELabToXYZ()
 214 routine, and at the second step we will convert
 215 .I CIE XYZ
 216 to
 217 .I RGB
 218 using
 219 .B TIFFXYZToRGB().
 220 Look at the code sample below:
 221 .PP
 222 .RS
 223 .nf
 224 float   *whitePoint;
 225 float   refWhite[3];
 226
 227 /* Initialize structures */
 228 img->cielab = (TIFFCIELabToRGB *)
 229         _TIFFmalloc(sizeof(TIFFCIELabToRGB));
 230 if (!cielab) {
 231         TIFFError("CIE L*a*b*->RGB",
 232                 "No space for CIE L*a*b*->RGB conversion state.");
 233         exit(0);
 234 }
 235
 236 TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif, TIFFTAG_WHITEPOINT, &whitePoint);
 237 refWhite[1] = 100.0F;
 238 refWhite[0] = whitePoint[0] / whitePoint[1] * refWhite[1];
 239 refWhite[2] = (1.0F - whitePoint[0] - whitePoint[1])
 240               / whitePoint[1] * refWhite[1];
 241 if (TIFFCIELabToRGBInit(cielab, &display_sRGB, refWhite) < 0) {
 242         TIFFError("CIE L*a*b*->RGB",
 243                 "Failed to initialize CIE L*a*b*->RGB conversion state.");
 244         _TIFFfree(cielab);
 245         exit(0);
 246 }
 247
 248 /* Now we can start to convert */
 249 uint32 r, g, b;
 250 uint32 L;
 251 int32 a, b;
 252 float X, Y, Z;
 253
 254 for each pixel in image
 255         TIFFCIELabToXYZ(cielab, L, a, b, &X, &Y, &Z);
 256         TIFFXYZToRGB(cielab, X, Y, Z, &r, &g, &b);
 257
 258 /* Don't forget to free the state structure */
 259 _TIFFfree(cielab);
 260 .fi
 261 .RE
 262 .PP
 263 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 264 .BR TIFFRGBAImage (3TIFF)
 265 .BR libtiff (3TIFF),
 266 .PP
 267 Libtiff library home page:
 268 .BR http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/