[wxWidgets.git] / src / tiff / html / man / tiffcp.1.html

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<title>TIFFCP</title>
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<h1 align=center>TIFFCP</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>

<hr>
<a name="NAME"></a>
<h2>NAME</h2>
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<p>tiffcp &minus; copy (and possibly convert) a
<small>TIFF</small> file</p>
</td>
</table>
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
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<p><b>tiffcp</b> [ <i>options</i> ] <i>src1.tif ... srcN.tif
dst.tif</i></p>
</td>
</table>
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<td width="91%">
<p><i>tiffcp</i> combines one or more files created
according to the Tag Image File Format, Revision 6.0 into a
single <small>TIFF</small> file. Because the output file may
be compressed using a different algorithm than the input
files, <i>tiffcp</i> is most often used to convert between
different compression schemes.</p>
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<p>By default, <i>tiffcp</i> will copy all the understood
tags in a <small>TIFF</small> directory of an input file to
the associated directory in the output file.</p>
<!-- INDENTATION -->
<p><i>tiffcp</i> can be used to reorganize the storage
characteristics of data in a file, but it is explicitly
intended to not alter or convert the image data content in
any way.</p>
</td>
</table>
<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
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<p><b>&minus;b</b> <i>image</i></p></td>
</table>
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<td width="80%">
<p>subtract the following monochrome image from all others
processed. This can be used to remove a noise bias from a
set of images. This bias image is typically an image of
noise the camera saw with its shutter closed.</p>
</td>
</table>
<!-- TABS -->
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       cols="5" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;B</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Force output to be written with Big-Endian byte order.
This option only has an effect when the output file is
created or overwritten and not when it is appended to.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;C</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Suppress the use of &lsquo;&lsquo;strip
chopping&rsquo;&rsquo; when reading images that have a
single strip/tile of uncompressed data.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;c</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Specify the compression to use for data written to the
output file: <b>none</b> for no compression, <b>packbits</b>
for PackBits compression, <b>lzw</b> for Lempel-Ziv &amp;
Welch compression, <b>jpeg</b> for baseline JPEG
compression, <b>zip</b> for Deflate compression, <b>g3</b>
for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression, and <b>g4</b> for CCITT
Group 4 (T.6) compression. By default <i>tiffcp</i> will
compress data according to the value of the
<i>Compression</i> tag found in the source file.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
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<p>The <small>CCITT</small> Group 3 and Group 4 compression
algorithms can only be used with bilevel data.</p>
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<p>Group 3 compression can be specified together with
several T.4-specific options: <b>1d</b> for 1-dimensional
encoding, <b>2d</b> for 2-dimensional encoding, and
<b>fill</b> to force each encoded scanline to be zero-filled
so that the terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary.
Group 3-specific options are specified by appending a
&lsquo;&lsquo;:&rsquo;&rsquo;-separated list to the
&lsquo;&lsquo;g3&rsquo;&rsquo; option; e.g. <b>&minus;c
g3:2d:fill</b> to get 2D-encoded data with byte-aligned EOL
codes.</p>
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<p><small>LZW</small> compression can be specified together
with a <i>predictor</i> value. A predictor value of 2 causes
each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal
differencing before it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each
scanline to be encoded without differencing. LZW-specific
options are specified by appending a
&lsquo;&lsquo;:&rsquo;&rsquo;-separated list to the
&lsquo;&lsquo;lzw&rsquo;&rsquo; option; e.g. <b>&minus;c
lzw:2</b> for <small>LZW</small> compression with horizontal
differencing.</p>
</td>
</table>
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;f</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output
data. By default, <i>tiffcp</i> will create a new file with
the same fill order as the original. Specifying <b>&minus;f
lsb2msb</b> will force data to be written with the FillOrder
tag set to <small>LSB2MSB,</small> while <b>&minus;f
msb2lsb</b> will force data to be written with the FillOrder
tag set to <small>MSB2LSB.</small></p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;i</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Ignore non-fatal read errors and continue processing of
the input file.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;l</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Specify the length of a tile (in pixels). <i>tiffcp</i>
attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8
kilobytes of data appear in a tile.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;L</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte
order. This option only has an effect when the output file
is created or overwritten and not when it is appended
to.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;M</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading
images.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;p</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image
data that has one 8-bit sample per pixel. By default,
<i>tiffcp</i> will create a new file with the same planar
configuration as the original. Specifying <b>&minus;p
contig</b> will force data to be written with multi-sample
data packed together, while <b>&minus;p separate</b> will
force samples to be written in separate planes.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;r</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of
data written to the output file. By default (or when value
<b>0</b> is specified), <i>tiffcp</i> attempts to set the
rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a
strip. If you specify special value <b>&minus;1</b> it will
results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The entire
image will be the one strip in that case.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;s</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Force the output file to be written with data organized
in strips (rather than tiles).</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;t</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Force the output file to be written with data organized
in tiles (rather than strips). options can be used to force
the resultant image to be written as strips or tiles of
data, respectively.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;w</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Specify the width of a tile (in pixels). <i>tiffcp</i>
attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8
kilobytes of data appear in a tile. <i>tiffcp</i> attempts
to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes
of data appear in a tile.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="10%"></td>
<td width="3%">

<p><b>&minus;x</b></p>
</td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="80%">

<p>Force the output file to be written with PAGENUMBER value
in sequence.</p>
</td>
<td width="0%">
</td>
</table>
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<p><b>&minus;,=</b><i>character</i></p></td>
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<td width="80%">
<p>substitute <i>character</i> for &lsquo;,&rsquo; in
parsing image directory indices in files. This is necessary
if filenames contain commas. Note that <b>&minus;,=</b> with
whitespace immediately following will disable the special
meaning of the &lsquo;,&rsquo; entirely. See examples.</p>
</td>
</table>
<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
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<p>The following concatenates two files and writes the
result using <small>LZW</small> encoding:</p></td>
</table>
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<td width="82%">
<pre>tiffcp &minus;c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
</pre>
</td>
</table>
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       cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="91%">
<p>To convert a G3 1d-encoded <small>TIFF</small> to a
single strip of G4-encoded data the following might be
used:</p></td>
</table>
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<td width="82%">
<pre>tiffcp &minus;c g4 &minus;r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
</pre>
</td>
</table>
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<td width="91%">
<p>(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of
rows in the source file.)</p>
<!-- INDENTATION -->
<p>To extract a selected set of images from a multi-image
TIFF file, the file name may be immediately followed by a
&lsquo;,&rsquo; separated list of image directory indices.
The first image is always in directory 0. Thus, to copy the
1st and 3rd images of image file
&lsquo;&lsquo;album.tif&rsquo;&rsquo; to
&lsquo;&lsquo;result.tif&rsquo;&rsquo;:</p></td>
</table>
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<td width="82%">
<pre>tiffcp album.tif,0,2 result.tif
</pre>
</td>
</table>
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       cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="91%">
<p>A trailing comma denotes remaining images in sequence.
The following command will copy all image with except the
first one:</p></td>
</table>
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<td width="82%">
<pre>tiffcp album.tif,1, result.tif
</pre>
</td>
</table>
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       cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="91%">
<p>Given file &lsquo;&lsquo;CCD.tif&rsquo;&rsquo; whose
first image is a noise bias followed by images which include
that bias, subtract the noise from all those images
following it (while decompressing) with the
command:</p></td>
</table>
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="17%"></td>
<td width="82%">
<pre>tiffcp &minus;c none &minus;b CCD.tif CCD.tif,1, result.tif
</pre>
</td>
</table>
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<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
       cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="91%">
<p>If the file above were named
&lsquo;&lsquo;CCD,X.tif&rsquo;&rsquo;, the <b>&minus;,=</b>
option would be required to correctly parse this filename
with image numbers, as follows:</p></td>
</table>
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<td width="17%"></td>
<td width="82%">
<pre>tiffcp &minus;c none &minus;,=% &minus;b CCD,X.tif CCD,X%1%.tif result.tif

</pre>
</td>
</table>
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
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<td width="91%">
<p><b>pal2rgb</b>(1), <b>tiffinfo</b>(1), <b>tiffcmp</b>(1),
<b>tiffmedian</b>(1), <b>tiffsplit</b>(1),
<b>libtiff</b>(3TIFF)</p>
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<p>Libtiff library home page:
<b>http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/</b></p>
</td>
</table>
<hr>
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	4	<head>
	5	<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
	6	<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
	7	<title>TIFFCP</title>
	8	</head>
	9	<body>
	10
	11	<h1 align=center>TIFFCP</h1>
	12	<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
	13	<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
	14	<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
	15	<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
	16	<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
	17	<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
	18
	19	<hr>
	20	<a name="NAME"></a>
	21	<h2>NAME</h2>
	22	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	23	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	24	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	25	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	26	<td width="8%"></td>
	27	<td width="91%">
	28	<p>tiffcp − copy (and possibly convert) a
	29	<small>TIFF</small> file</p>
	30	</td>
	31	</table>
	32	<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
	33	<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
	34	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	35	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	36	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	37	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	38	<td width="8%"></td>
	39	<td width="91%">
	40	<p><b>tiffcp</b> [ <i>options</i> ] <i>src1.tif ... srcN.tif
	41	dst.tif</i></p>
	42	</td>
	43	</table>
	44	<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
	45	<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
	46	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	47	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	48	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	49	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	50	<td width="8%"></td>
	51	<td width="91%">
	52	<p><i>tiffcp</i> combines one or more files created
	53	according to the Tag Image File Format, Revision 6.0 into a
	54	single <small>TIFF</small> file. Because the output file may
	55	be compressed using a different algorithm than the input
	56	files, <i>tiffcp</i> is most often used to convert between
	57	different compression schemes.</p>
	58	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	59	<p>By default, <i>tiffcp</i> will copy all the understood
	60	tags in a <small>TIFF</small> directory of an input file to
	61	the associated directory in the output file.</p>
	62	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	63	<p><i>tiffcp</i> can be used to reorganize the storage
	64	characteristics of data in a file, but it is explicitly
	65	intended to not alter or convert the image data content in
	66	any way.</p>
67	</td>
68	</table>
69	<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
70	<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
71	<!-- INDENTATION -->
72	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
73	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
74	<tr valign="top" align="left">
75	<td width="8%"></td>
76	<td width="91%">
80ed523f	77	<p><b>−b</b> <i>image</i></p></td>
8414a40c VZ	78	</table>
	79	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	80	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	81	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	82	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	83	<td width="19%"></td>
	84	<td width="80%">
	85	<p>subtract the following monochrome image from all others
	86	processed. This can be used to remove a noise bias from a
	87	set of images. This bias image is typically an image of
	88	noise the camera saw with its shutter closed.</p>
	89	</td>
	90	</table>
	91	<!-- TABS -->
	92	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	93	cols="5" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	94	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	95	<td width="10%"></td>
	96	<td width="3%">
	97
	98	<p><b>−B</b></p>
	99	</td>
	100	<td width="5%"></td>
	101	<td width="80%">
	102
	103	<p>Force output to be written with Big-Endian byte order.
	104	This option only has an effect when the output file is
	105	created or overwritten and not when it is appended to.</p>
	106	</td>
	107	<td width="0%">
	108	</td>
	109	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	110	<td width="10%"></td>
	111	<td width="3%">
	112
	113	<p><b>−C</b></p>
	114	</td>
	115	<td width="5%"></td>
	116	<td width="80%">
	117
	118	<p>Suppress the use of ‘‘strip
	119	chopping’’ when reading images that have a
	120	single strip/tile of uncompressed data.</p>
	121	</td>
	122	<td width="0%">
	123	</td>
	124	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	125	<td width="10%"></td>
	126	<td width="3%">
	127
	128	<p><b>−c</b></p>
	129	</td>
	130	<td width="5%"></td>
	131	<td width="80%">
	132
	133	<p>Specify the compression to use for data written to the
	134	output file: <b>none</b> for no compression, <b>packbits</b>
	135	for PackBits compression, <b>lzw</b> for Lempel-Ziv &
	136	Welch compression, <b>jpeg</b> for baseline JPEG
	137	compression, <b>zip</b> for Deflate compression, <b>g3</b>
	138	for CCITT Group 3 (T.4) compression, and <b>g4</b> for CCITT
	139	Group 4 (T.6) compression. By default <i>tiffcp</i> will
	140	compress data according to the value of the
	141	<i>Compression</i> tag found in the source file.</p>
142	</td>
143	<td width="0%">
144	</td>
145	</table>
146	<!-- INDENTATION -->
147	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
148	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
149	<tr valign="top" align="left">
150	<td width="17%"></td>
151	<td width="82%">
152	<p>The <small>CCITT</small> Group 3 and Group 4 compression
153	algorithms can only be used with bilevel data.</p>
154	<!-- INDENTATION -->
155	<p>Group 3 compression can be specified together with
156	several T.4-specific options: <b>1d</b> for 1-dimensional
157	encoding, <b>2d</b> for 2-dimensional encoding, and
158	<b>fill</b> to force each encoded scanline to be zero-filled
159	so that the terminating EOL code lies on a byte boundary.
160	Group 3-specific options are specified by appending a
161	‘‘:’’-separated list to the
162	‘‘g3’’ option; e.g. <b>−c
163	g3:2d:fill</b> to get 2D-encoded data with byte-aligned EOL
164	codes.</p>
165	<!-- INDENTATION -->
166	<p><small>LZW</small> compression can be specified together
167	with a <i>predictor</i> value. A predictor value of 2 causes
168	each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal
169	differencing before it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each
170	scanline to be encoded without differencing. LZW-specific
171	options are specified by appending a
172	‘‘:’’-separated list to the
173	‘‘lzw’’ option; e.g. <b>−c
174	lzw:2</b> for <small>LZW</small> compression with horizontal
175	differencing.</p>
176	</td>
177	</table>
178	<!-- TABS -->
179	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
180	cols="5" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
181	<tr valign="top" align="left">
182	<td width="10%"></td>
183	<td width="3%">
184
185	<p><b>−f</b></p>
186	</td>
187	<td width="5%"></td>
188	<td width="80%">
189
190	<p>Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output
191	data. By default, <i>tiffcp</i> will create a new file with
192	the same fill order as the original. Specifying <b>−f
193	lsb2msb</b> will force data to be written with the FillOrder
194	tag set to <small>LSB2MSB,</small> while <b>−f
195	msb2lsb</b> will force data to be written with the FillOrder
196	tag set to <small>MSB2LSB.</small></p>
197	</td>
198	<td width="0%">
199	</td>
200	<tr valign="top" align="left">
201	<td width="10%"></td>
202	<td width="3%">
203
80ed523f VZ	204	<p><b>−i</b></p>
	205	</td>
	206	<td width="5%"></td>
	207	<td width="80%">
	208
	209	<p>Ignore non-fatal read errors and continue processing of
	210	the input file.</p>
	211	</td>
	212	<td width="0%">
	213	</td>
	214	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	215	<td width="10%"></td>
	216	<td width="3%">
	217
8414a40c VZ	218	<p><b>−l</b></p>
	219	</td>
	220	<td width="5%"></td>
	221	<td width="80%">
	222
	223	<p>Specify the length of a tile (in pixels). <i>tiffcp</i>
	224	attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8
	225	kilobytes of data appear in a tile.</p>
	226	</td>
	227	<td width="0%">
	228	</td>
	229	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	230	<td width="10%"></td>
	231	<td width="3%">
	232
	233	<p><b>−L</b></p>
	234	</td>
	235	<td width="5%"></td>
	236	<td width="80%">
	237
	238	<p>Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte
	239	order. This option only has an effect when the output file
	240	is created or overwritten and not when it is appended
	241	to.</p>
	242	</td>
	243	<td width="0%">
	244	</td>
	245	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	246	<td width="10%"></td>
	247	<td width="3%">
	248
	249	<p><b>−M</b></p>
	250	</td>
	251	<td width="5%"></td>
	252	<td width="80%">
	253
	254	<p>Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading
	255	images.</p>
	256	</td>
	257	<td width="0%">
	258	</td>
	259	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	260	<td width="10%"></td>
	261	<td width="3%">
	262
	263	<p><b>−p</b></p>
	264	</td>
	265	<td width="5%"></td>
	266	<td width="80%">
	267
	268	<p>Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image
	269	data that has one 8-bit sample per pixel. By default,
	270	<i>tiffcp</i> will create a new file with the same planar
	271	configuration as the original. Specifying <b>−p
	272	contig</b> will force data to be written with multi-sample
	273	data packed together, while <b>−p separate</b> will
	274	force samples to be written in separate planes.</p>
	275	</td>
	276	<td width="0%">
	277	</td>
	278	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	279	<td width="10%"></td>
	280	<td width="3%">
	281
282	<p><b>−r</b></p>
283	</td>
284	<td width="5%"></td>
285	<td width="80%">
286
287	<p>Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of
288	data written to the output file. By default (or when value
289	<b>0</b> is specified), <i>tiffcp</i> attempts to set the
290	rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a
80ed523f	291	strip. If you specify special value <b>−1</b> it will
8414a40c VZ	292	results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The entire
	293	image will be the one strip in that case.</p>
	294	</td>
	295	<td width="0%">
	296	</td>
	297	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	298	<td width="10%"></td>
	299	<td width="3%">
	300
	301	<p><b>−s</b></p>
	302	</td>
	303	<td width="5%"></td>
	304	<td width="80%">
	305
	306	<p>Force the output file to be written with data organized
	307	in strips (rather than tiles).</p>
	308	</td>
	309	<td width="0%">
	310	</td>
	311	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	312	<td width="10%"></td>
	313	<td width="3%">
	314
	315	<p><b>−t</b></p>
	316	</td>
	317	<td width="5%"></td>
	318	<td width="80%">
	319
	320	<p>Force the output file to be written with data organized
	321	in tiles (rather than strips). options can be used to force
	322	the resultant image to be written as strips or tiles of
	323	data, respectively.</p>
	324	</td>
	325	<td width="0%">
	326	</td>
	327	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	328	<td width="10%"></td>
	329	<td width="3%">
	330
	331	<p><b>−w</b></p>
	332	</td>
	333	<td width="5%"></td>
	334	<td width="80%">
	335
	336	<p>Specify the width of a tile (in pixels). <i>tiffcp</i>
	337	attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8
	338	kilobytes of data appear in a tile. <i>tiffcp</i> attempts
	339	to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes
	340	of data appear in a tile.</p>
	341	</td>
	342	<td width="0%">
	343	</td>
80ed523f VZ	344	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	345	<td width="10%"></td>
	346	<td width="3%">
	347
	348	<p><b>−x</b></p>
	349	</td>
	350	<td width="5%"></td>
	351	<td width="80%">
	352
	353	<p>Force the output file to be written with PAGENUMBER value
	354	in sequence.</p>
	355	</td>
	356	<td width="0%">
	357	</td>
8414a40c VZ	358	</table>
	359	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	360	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	361	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	362	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	363	<td width="8%"></td>
	364	<td width="91%">
80ed523f	365	<p><b>−,=</b><i>character</i></p></td>
8414a40c VZ	366	</table>
	367	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	368	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	369	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	370	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	371	<td width="19%"></td>
	372	<td width="80%">
80ed523f VZ	373	<p>substitute <i>character</i> for ‘,’ in
	374	parsing image directory indices in files. This is necessary
	375	if filenames contain commas. Note that <b>−,=</b> with
8414a40c	376	whitespace immediately following will disable the special
80ed523f	377	meaning of the ‘,’ entirely. See examples.</p>
8414a40c VZ	378	</td>
	379	</table>
	380	<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
	381	<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
	382	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	383	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	384	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	385	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	386	<td width="8%"></td>
	387	<td width="91%">
	388	<p>The following concatenates two files and writes the
	389	result using <small>LZW</small> encoding:</p></td>
	390	</table>
	391	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	392	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	393	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	394	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	395	<td width="17%"></td>
	396	<td width="82%">
80ed523f	397	<pre>tiffcp −c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
8414a40c VZ	398	</pre>
	399	</td>
	400	</table>
	401	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	402
	403	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	404	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	405	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	406	<td width="8%"></td>
	407	<td width="91%">
	408	<p>To convert a G3 1d-encoded <small>TIFF</small> to a
	409	single strip of G4-encoded data the following might be
	410	used:</p></td>
	411	</table>
	412	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	413	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	414	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	415	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	416	<td width="17%"></td>
	417	<td width="82%">
80ed523f	418	<pre>tiffcp −c g4 −r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
8414a40c VZ	419	</pre>
	420	</td>
	421	</table>
	422	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	423
	424	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	425	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	426	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	427	<td width="8%"></td>
	428	<td width="91%">
	429	<p>(1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of
	430	rows in the source file.)</p>
	431	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	432	<p>To extract a selected set of images from a multi-image
	433	TIFF file, the file name may be immediately followed by a
80ed523f	434	‘,’ separated list of image directory indices.
8414a40c	435	The first image is always in directory 0. Thus, to copy the
80ed523f VZ	436	1st and 3rd images of image file
	437	‘‘album.tif’’ to
	438	‘‘result.tif’’:</p></td>
8414a40c VZ	439	</table>
	440	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	441	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	442	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	443	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	444	<td width="17%"></td>
	445	<td width="82%">
	446	<pre>tiffcp album.tif,0,2 result.tif
	447	</pre>
	448	</td>
	449	</table>
	450	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	451
	452	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	453	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	454	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	455	<td width="8%"></td>
	456	<td width="91%">
80ed523f VZ	457	<p>A trailing comma denotes remaining images in sequence.
	458	The following command will copy all image with except the
	459	first one:</p></td>
	460	</table>
	461	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	462	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	463	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	464	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	465	<td width="17%"></td>
	466	<td width="82%">
	467	<pre>tiffcp album.tif,1, result.tif
	468	</pre>
	469	</td>
	470	</table>
	471	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	472
	473	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	474	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	475	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	476	<td width="8%"></td>
	477	<td width="91%">
	478	<p>Given file ‘‘CCD.tif’’ whose
	479	first image is a noise bias followed by images which include
	480	that bias, subtract the noise from all those images
	481	following it (while decompressing) with the
	482	command:</p></td>
8414a40c VZ	483	</table>
	484	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	485	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	486	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	487	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	488	<td width="17%"></td>
	489	<td width="82%">
80ed523f	490	<pre>tiffcp −c none −b CCD.tif CCD.tif,1, result.tif
8414a40c VZ	491	</pre>
	492	</td>
	493	</table>
	494	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	495
	496	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	497	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	498	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	499	<td width="8%"></td>
	500	<td width="91%">
80ed523f VZ	501	<p>If the file above were named
	502	‘‘CCD,X.tif’’, the <b>−,=</b>
	503	option would be required to correctly parse this filename
	504	with image numbers, as follows:</p></td>
8414a40c VZ	505	</table>
	506	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	507	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	508	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	509	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	510	<td width="17%"></td>
	511	<td width="82%">
80ed523f	512	<pre>tiffcp −c none −,=% −b CCD,X.tif CCD,X%1%.tif result.tif
8414a40c VZ	513
	514	</pre>
	515	</td>
	516	</table>
	517	<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
	518	<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
	519	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	520
	521	<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
	522	cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	523	<tr valign="top" align="left">
	524	<td width="8%"></td>
	525	<td width="91%">
	526	<p><b>pal2rgb</b>(1), <b>tiffinfo</b>(1), <b>tiffcmp</b>(1),
	527	<b>tiffmedian</b>(1), <b>tiffsplit</b>(1),
	528	<b>libtiff</b>(3TIFF)</p>
	529	<!-- INDENTATION -->
	530	<p>Libtiff library home page:
	531	<b>http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/</b></p>
	532	</td>
	533	</table>
	534	<hr>
	535	</body>
	536	</html>